The economic growth. Content, factors, indicators. Relationship between economic growth and social development. n n n - Economic growth - an increase in social production, expressed in an increase in the level and pace of development National economy, in building up the economic potential of the country, increasing national wealth. Economic growth is manifested in the growth and improvement of the structure of fixed assets. A generalizing indicator of economic growth is: the growth rate of national income - its volume per capita - the value of national wealth
Factors affecting the nature and rate of economic growth n Economic growth is determined by: n - the quantity and quality of natural and labor resources n - the amount of fixed capital n - innovations n - growth factors n demand factors
If we quantitatively correlate the contribution of various factors to the economic growth, then n n n n we come to the conclusion that the increase in labor productivity is the most important factor that ensures growth real product and income. - an increase in labor costs gives 32% - an increase in labor productivity - 68%, including innovation - 28% capital - 19% education -14% improved resource allocation - 7% savings. determined by the scale of production.
National wealth is the totality of cash assets ( social labor and natural resources of the country), presented in monetary terms n The current wealth of the country is not only natural resources, but also the latest diverse knowledge, many of which are converted into technology. At the same time, technology plays the most significant role in the development of the economy. n
Mathematically, the importance of technology in the development of the economy is expressed by the Pelzer formula n W= PT where W- wealth P - resources such as land, labor, minerals n T- technologies n n- the degree of influence of technical achievements on them, i.e. technologies as if multiplies itself, since each technical achievement creates the basis for the next one. n n n
In the modern economy, there are two signs that allow the economy to classify countries as innovative type: the main increase (80% and more) of GDP is provided by the use of intellectual potential and the production of high-tech products. n - the rate of increase in funding fundamental research should exceed the growth rates of volumes of purchases of science-intensive technologies by the industry. n
Categories of economic growth National income is the value newly created in a given year in the sphere material production; part of the national gross product that remains after deducting the consumed means of production n National gross product is a statistical indicator expressing the total value of final goods and services in market prices n
The main parameters of the budget system of Russia in the period up to 2020, by levels of the budget system, assessment
Distinctive features federal budget for 2012 are: n a gradual decrease in federal budget revenues and expenditures in relation to GDP and an increase in social spending in various areas social sphere; n an increase in public debt and the amount of budget allocations allocated to service it; n a significant increase in government domestic borrowing and funds from privatization to ensure financing of the federal budget deficit; n formation of the federal budget in the context of the start of the implementation of the Government Program Russian Federation to improve the efficiency of budget expenditures for the period up to 2012 and taking into account the principles of program-targeted budget planning; n presentation of the analytical distribution of federal budget expenditures for 2011-2013 by state programs
The main characteristics of the federal budget in 2010 -2013 (%% of GDP) Surplus Deficit Income # 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 1 Income 15, 5 17, 8 20, 4 19, 5 20, 1 23, 7 23, 3 23, 4 22, 4 18, 8 17, 4 17, 6 17, 0 16, 8 2 Expenses 14, 1 14, 8 19, 0 17, 8 15, 8 16, 3 15, 9 18, 0 18, 3 24, 7 22, 7 21, 2 20, 1 19, 7 3 Deficit/surplus 1, 4 3, 0 1, 4 1, 7 4, 3 7, 5 7, 4 5, 4 4, 1 - 5, 9 - 5, 3 -3, 6 -3, 1 -2, 9 4 Non-oil and gas deficit -1, 7 -1, 0 -2, 9 -3, 2 -1, 8 -2, 5 -3, 3 -6, 5-13, 6-13, 5-11, 7-10, 9-10, 4
Federal budget deficit (in % of GDP) No. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 5) (in %% of GDP) - 3, 0 - 2, 0 - 1, 0 0 2. With an oil price of 75; 78; 79; 80.5; $82/barrel in 2011-2015 - 2.4 - 3.6 (in %% of GDP) - 1.5 - 0.5 - 2, 9 - 1, 5 0 0, 6 including due to privatization - 3, 1 0, 5 0, 4 - 5, 6 - 5, 2 - 3, 7 - 2, 0 Reference: 4. At the price for oil $50/barrel in 2011-2015 (to the third option) (in %% of GDP) - 6, 1
Home distinctive feature budget for 2012 is that it will be carried out in the face of severe government restrictions financial resources n Calculations have shown that a deficit-free budget can be achieved at the expense of oil and gas revenues if the price of oil in 2011-2013 will exceed $105 per barrel This level cannot be considered “comfortable” in terms of macroeconomic security: there is a situation of increased risks of oil price volatility both for the formation of budget revenues and for the country's economy as a whole. n In such a situation, not only the budget, but the economy as a whole looks vulnerable
The second distinguishing feature of the 2011 budget is the imbalance between the growing social obligations of the state and the reduction of the real possibilities of the economy. The consequence of this is an increase in the state debt and the amount of budget allocations allocated for its maintenance n The state's debt policy may face a number of risks. n First of all, these are “risks of falling oil prices” . n Calculations made by the Accounts Chamber under the budget risk assessment and analysis module were carried out with the lower limit of oil prices at $60 per barrel, showed that the planned indicators for oil and gas revenues will be met only if oil prices are more than $71 per barrel. At a lower price, budget revenues fall into the risk zone and the volatility of key macroeconomic indicators exacerbates this situation
Another specific feature of the 2011 budget is that it is designed to solve the modernization tasks of the economy. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to the "investment risks" of the budget policy. The forecast provides for an increase in investments in fixed assets in 2011 - by 10%, in 2012 - by 3.5%, in 2013 - by 7.4% (in 2010, according to an estimate - by 2.5%), which is not is quite consistent with the thesis of an increase in investment activity in the forecast. The share of investments in fixed capital in the volume of GDP increases from 19.5% in 2010 to 20.8% in 2011, 20.9% in 2012 and 21.9% in 2013. At the same time, the increase in investment volumes in 2010, 2012 and 2013 will occur mainly due to the growth in prices for investment products. The deflator index of investments in fixed capital in 2011 will be 108.2%, in 2012 - 108%, in 2013 - 107.9% (in 2010, according to an estimate - 108.4%).
One of the priorities of Russia's strategic development is the formation of a PPP system. The country's economy needs to attract extra-budgetary funds to modernize the economy, as well as to use the knowledge, skills and abilities of private entrepreneurship for this activity. n It is the public-private partnership (PPP) model that allows solving the problems of creating, reconstructing and operating public property, as well as providing public services to the population n
The main forms of relations between the state and business as a new social ideology n Public-private partnership strategic partners is able to provide them with an acceptable economic and social result, satisfy the aggregate state and public interest, minimize risks (financial, production, managerial, etc.) It is partnership with private business that will allow the authorities to attract additional resources to the public sector of the economy, and primarily the severity of budgetary problems, shift the main part of the risks to the business sector and at the same time keep the objects of use in state property. n In such a system of relations, the resources and potentials of two economic entities are combined n
Crisis 1. A sharp turning point, a severe transitional state, an acute shortage, a lack of something n 2. A state when the existing means (mechanisms) for achieving goals become inadequate, resulting in unpredictable situations and problems that require new thinking patterns to overcome and actions n
The economic crisis is the process of a decline in economic growth and the forced restoration of the main proportions of reproduction that were violated during the development of the economy. n The process of reproduction is the process of self-recovery and self-renewal of biological and social systems. n Includes playback wealth, work force, industrial relations, social structure, social norms. values n
Socio-economic crisis n Economic crisis is manifested in the absolute decline in production, relative overproduction, reduction in capital investments, rising unemployment, violations of the monetary and monetary and financial systems, inflation n Phases of the crisis: -Crisis of overproduction - depression - stagnation Depression in the economy - phase of the capitalist cycle , coming after the crisis of overproduction, characterized by a stagnant state of the economy, weak demand for goods and low prices
Stages of socio-economic crisis n n n Stagnation - stagnation or gradual decomposition of the system due to the absence of development factors Cyclicity of crises (Large and small Kondratieff cycles) Crises - local, regional, global (Large and small cycles of system development) economic sector, social
Corruption: concept, forms of manifestation and counteraction. n Anti-corruption issues are the national priority of the current public policy. n 2008 adopted the Federal Law "On Combating Corruption"
Ensure system efficiency government controlled is possible only if corruption is radically eradicated in all spheres of the state and society. Unfortunately, all attempts to form effective system anti-corruption efforts have now failed. n The system of privileges that existed in the Soviet Union was replaced by new Russia in the relationship between government officials on the one hand and private individuals and entrepreneurs on the other for direct cash payments. n
At the same time, the level of corruption has increased significantly. The abundance of laws, legal acts, instructions, the abuse of discretionary powers by officials, the weakness of the legal and judicial system - all this currently creates high administrative barriers that scare away both foreign and domestic investors. n At the same time, the pressure on enterprises in certain regions from local regulatory authorities is not decreasing, but increasing. n Currently, the moral decay of a significant part of civil servants, including central office has become an ingrained norm. n
Russia according to the report of the International Anti-Corruption Committee (2010) n n n One of the most corrupt countries in the world. Annual losses from corruption - 40 billion rubles. per year, this is 60% of the federal budget Ranks 1st in the number of billionaires persecuted law enforcement 134th in the world in terms of life expectancy 97th in terms of per capita income 1st in the world in absolute population decline 2nd in the world in terms of the number of suicides 57 in terms of quality of life 2nd in terms of the number of prisoners per 1000 population 2nd in the world in the distribution of counterfeit drugs 1st place in the number of plane crashes 1st place in the number of children who smoke 1st place in sales of strong alcohol
Corruption: concept, forms of manifestation and counteraction. n n n n The reasons for corruption, which are internal in nature, the researchers include: -low wages of civil servants; - non-transparency of their activities; -poor control over subordinates; - unprofessionalism of civil servants - excessive procedural complexity, procedural freedoms; -lack of performance measurement indicators
The problem of corruption has many aspects n n n not the perfection and inconsistency of Russian legislation; - lack of an effective system of state and public control; - lack of principles of administrative ethics; - lack of transparency in decision-making, openness, etc. According to the annual report (2007) of the Center for Anti-Corruption Research and Initiatives, Russia is ranked 147 out of 180 designated places in terms of corruption.
Anti-corruption system n n n The main content of the system is the traditional measures to limit corruption by strengthening control. Among them: -careful regulation of conflicts of interest -a merit-based recruitment system -detailed regulation of officials' activities. Official regulations containing the requirements for an official, his official rights and responsibilities, should become “the main normative act, regulating the activities of a civil servant. - rotation, . which is carried out by transferring employees from one position to another within one state body or transfer from one state body to another, both at the federal and regional levels.
Measures that do not provide for a tightening of control over officials, but change the system of incentives to increase the effectiveness of its action. Among them: n Increase wages. the monetary allowance of civil servants should be correlated in the labor market with the wages of workers of the corresponding specialty and qualifications commercial sector
Comparative Data on Anti-Corruption Mechanisms Anti-Corruption Mechanism Civil Service Reform Concept Law “On the State Civil Service in the Russian Federation” Rotation + - Competitive selection + + Evaluation official activity and remuneration based on performance + - official revelations - - introduction of job regulations + + regulation of conflicts of interest + + cross-sectoral balance in remuneration (remuneration in accordance with remuneration in business) + -
Federal Law "On Combating Corruption" . New anti-corruption measures n n n n “- declarations on personal savings will be provided not only by civil servants themselves. but also their close relatives: wife and minor children; - officials of all levels are obliged to report all cases of bribery known to them; - a two-year ban is introduced for officials to hold positions in companies with which he was associated in the service; - the official will not have the right to rest, go on business trips at the expense of the companies that he supervises on duty; -gifts officials can not receive more than 5000 rubles. (earlier - no more than 500 rubles); - judges and employees of the prosecutor's office and investigating authorities it is forbidden to participate in politics - to join the party, to support them ideologically and financially. - introduces punishment for political corruption - forgery of signatures of voters, obstruction of their will.
Social politics. n This is a system (set) of measures (actions, measures) of state influence aimed at regulating the entire complex of social processes and relations between people.
Social politics. n This is a system interactions and relationships social groups society for the life support of the population, the growth of the level and quality of life. Department of Labor and social policy RAGS
Subjects and levels of social policy n State (state social policy) n Subjects of the Russian Federation, regions (regional social policy) n Local governments, municipal structures (municipal social policy) n Enterprises and organizations (corporate social policy)
Interrelation and interdependence of social policy, social development and economy n Fisher's formula n M x V=Q x P, Where: M is the volume of money supply in the country; V is the rate of turnover of the money supply; Q is the volume of goods and services Р- average price goods and services
Interrelation and interdependence of the economic and social block n n Economics Economic policy n n Economic growth n Social and labor sphere Social policy n Improving the quality of life
Social policy priorities of the Russian Federation n n n Increasing incomes and reducing poverty Reforming the housing sector, housing and communal services Pension reform Modernizing the education system Reforming the healthcare system Improving the quality of life of the population
Types of social policy n n SOCIAL POLICY IN SOCIALLY SUSTAINABLE (PUBLIC FORMATIONS) SOCIAL POLICY IN SOCIETY IN SYSTEMIC CRISES SOCIAL POLICY IN SOCIETY IN A STATE OF DEFORMATION (PERMANENT CR) ISIS OF THE PUBLIC SYSTEM) SOCIAL POLICY - IN SOCIETIES OUT OF THE SYSTEMIC CRISIS BY ROAD REFORM , i.e. SOCIAL POLICY OF TRANSITION
SOCIAL POLICY IN SOCIALLY STABLE SOCIETIES (PUBLIC FORMATIONS) n STABLE ORDER OF RELATIONSHIPS OF THE MOST IMPORTANT SOCIAL GROUPS (AND CLASSES) n FORMATION OF SIGNIFICANT LAYERS MORE OR LESS SATISFIED WITH THEIR PRIMARY POSITION (often referred to as the middle class) n BALANCE OF THE GENERAL CLASS INTERESTS OF THE RULING CLASS AND THE INTERESTS OF ITS INDIVIDUAL PARTS (SUBJECTING THE INTERESTS OF THE PARTS TO THE GENERAL CLASS INTERESTS)
SOCIAL POLICY IN SOCIALLY STABLE SOCIETIES (PUBLIC FORMATIONS) n ESTABLISHING AND SUPPORTING THE SYSTEM OF THE WORLD SOCIAL EXISTENCE OF THE DOMINANT AND SUBJECTED CLASSES n REDUCING THE FEELING OF SOCIAL INJUSTICE, REDUCING VL INFLUENCE OF PROTEST, REFORMIST AND ESPECIALLY REVOLUTIONARY IDEOLOGIES, WEAKENING AND DECLINE OF THE LABOR MOVEMENT, SOCIAL MOVEMENTS, PROTEST AND LIBERATION MOVEMENTS. SIMULTANEOUSLY, SOCIAL-REFORMISTIC AND SOCIAL-PARTNER IDEOLOGIES ARE SPREADING.
SOCIAL POLICY IN SOCIETY THAT IS IN SYSTEMIC CRISES n ACTIVATION OF PUBLIC CONSCIOUSNESS IN MANY SOCIAL GROUPS n FORMULATION OF SOCIAL GROUP INTERESTS AND REQUIREMENTS, FORMATION (OR RENEWAL, BINDING TO EVIL OBJECTIVE TASKS) OF SOCIAL GROUP IDEOS, FORMATION OF SOCIAL GROUP SUBJECTS - REPRESENTATIVES (ORGANIZATIONS, MOVEMENTS , PARTIES, POLITICAL UNIONS AND COALITIONS)
SOCIAL POLICY IN SOCIETY THAT IS IN SYSTEMIC CRISES n INCREASING CRITICAL ATTITUDE TO THE ESTABLISHED SOCIAL ORDERS, ALIENATION AGAINST THEM n ADVANCEMENT OF SPECIFIC POLITICAL AND SOCIAL PROGRAMS REQUIREMENTS FOR A RADICAL IMPROVEMENT OF THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SITUATION OF THE CLASSES AND NUMEROUS SOCIAL REFORM, I.E., IN ESSENCE REQUIREMENTS FOR POLITICAL AND SOCIAL REFORM
social processes n all processes in which two people enter are already considered social n theoretically and practically all processes in society are social n So we must limit ourselves to processes. that take place in social and labor sphere
Social processes n Change of states social system, social relations, types and forms of social activity, a set of unidirectional and repetitive actions distinguished from many other social actions, any repetitive model of social interactions (conflict, differentiation, social coherence
Social development A type of development that includes: -progressive development social interaction on the basis of the law of the rise of social needs - indefinite development (the study of this type of development is engaged in sociosynergetics). This process cannot be assessed from the position of "progress-regress" - reverse social development n
A social revolution is a radical, sharp qualitative upheaval in the entire social structure of society; a way of transition from one form of socio-political structure to another form. n Social revolutions are divided into: anti-imperialist, anti-colonial, national liberation, bourgeois and bourgeois-democratic, people's and people's democratic, socialist, etc. n Social explosion - mass (armed) protests of significant social groups of the population against the existing order (against the authorities). n
Social evolution is the process of progressive development of society and its elements from the simplest forms to complex ones. n Social change - the transition of a social object from one state to another. social change are: - modifications in social organization society; - modifications in social institutions and social structure; - modifications in the patterns of behavior established in society, etc. n
Standard of living The level of consumption of material and spiritual goods in comparison with historically determined consumption standards n The UN documents state that the standard of living is defined as the level of satisfaction of the needs of the population, provided by the mass of goods and services used per unit of time n
The main components of the standard of living n n n n n Health Clothing Housing Education Cultural development Health care Working conditions Social and domestic environment Environment
Quality of life n n Determines the level of development and the degree of satisfaction of the whole complex of people's needs Life quality assessment has two forms: The degree of satisfaction of scientifically based needs and interests Satisfaction with the quality of life of the people themselves
Social and labor sphere n n - STS - social and labor sphere is the basis of the social policy of the state and social development of the municipality STS characterizes the degree of social development of the state and the municipality reflects the unity and interdependence of labor and social relations Reflects all phases of the reproduction of the labor force and its social support
The main blocks of STS n n n n Social sphere (education, culture, healthcare, social protection, sports, tourism, housing and communal sector) Labor market, employment, unemployment and the system of training, retraining and advanced training of personnel Social partnership Social protection Social insurance Sphere of motivation productive labor(organization of wages, labor protection,) Pension system Stabilization of living standards
Modernization of the social and labor sphere Development of a strategy for the socio-economic development of Russia until 2020. Goal - Improving the quality of life of the population n - Reducing poverty, social stratification of the population. - Increasing the social responsibility of the state and business -Reforming the housing sector, housing and communal services -Pension reform -Modernization of the education system -Reforming the healthcare system
Modernization of the social and labor sphere n Beginning of modernization - implementation of the National projects "Affordable and comfortable housing - for the citizens of Russia" "Education" "Health care" "Development of the agro-industrial complex"
The results of the implementation of the NP through the eyes of the population. VTsIOM polls Negatively assessed the modernization of the housing sector - 78%. Agriculture-74%. -Health - 67%. -education -53% of the population. Evaluation of the NP: - Propaganda action - 16% - a fundamentally new program aimed at improving the quality of life of the country's population - 20% - Ordinary programs for solving long-standing problems - 44% answer, 56% heard something, 29% did not hear anything, 4% found it difficult to answer. n
Social market economy n The goal is growth efficiency and profit n Criteria - social justice, social protection, Social responsibility business
Approximate scheme of the social market economy, the priority of social justice over economic efficiency n Redistribution of taxes State regulation of the economy and social labor relations 1. Legal regulation social and labor relations 2. Regulation of incomes of the population 3. Ensuring social protection 4. Regulation of the labor market and employment 5. Labor protection, etc. n
19th century welfare state - the concept of "welfare state" in the philosophical works of Hegel n Attempts to define the principles of: - a fair distribution of income between labor and capital - Ensuring the freedom and equality of citizens - ensuring fair solidarity of society and the care of the haves for the poor and unemployed n
welfare state n Economic theory the welfare state arose after the Second World War and involves the implementation of a reasonable policy in the field of taxation, loans, investments, antitrust and customs legislation, financing of social sectors and programs. The social state creates a legal field, establishes the rules of conduct on it, mechanisms for the functioning and control of the achievement of the following goals:
The goals of building a social state in the Russian Federation n n n development and sustainable operation of the domestic market economy, ensuring economic security for the country; real participation of citizens in the management of production, public and state life; implementation of the tariff policy in the interests of the employer and employee; social protection and support for those in need; pursuing a policy of equitable distribution of income, social solidarity of citizens; active social policy and social partnership.
Social state n n n 1949 - the constitution of the FRG proclaimed Germany a social state 1958 - France proclaimed the country a social republic 1978 - Spain 70 - years - Norway, Sweden, Italy 90 - most countries of Eastern Europe Russian Federation-social a state whose policy is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person (Article 7 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation)
The principles of the welfare state The principle of human economic freedom and recognition of the right of entrepreneurs and their associations, employees and their trade unions to tariff autonomy based on social partnership n The principle of trust in the regulatory role of the market through supply and demand, pricing and competition forces and creating conditions for streamlining the course of economic and social life aimed at ensuring the well-being of its citizens n
The principles of the social state The principle of social justice and solidarity of society, including through tax redistribution of income from the rich to the poor and the loading of the able-bodied in order to help those already or not yet able to work n The principle of participation of workers in the management of production and distribution in public and state life, while developing various forms of economic democracy n
Social development is a type of social progress, in which each subsequent state of the social system is more preferable, and each subsequent structure is no less preferable, i.e., in which the life of the whole society is steadily improving: conditions, level, quality of life of all social groups, its social structure
Social degradation is a type of social progress, in which each subsequent state of the social system is less preferable, and each subsequent structure is no more preferable, i.e., in which the vital activity of the majority of society is steadily deteriorating: conditions, level, quality of life of certain social groups
Social state n Article 7 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation states that the Russian Federation is a social state whose policy is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person.
Demographic imperative n Russia has 40% of the world's energy resources. However, only 142 mil. Human. n The population density is 10 times less than in Asia, but the mortality rate is 65% higher than in Europe. n In 2005, 2.3 million people died. , in 2006 -2.1 million, in 2007 - 2 million. 2008 - small. (working age – 700 thousand) n Since 1992, the population of Russia has decreased by 10 million people (taking into account the birth rate and migration flows) n During this period, from natural loss the country lost 12 million people.
The demographic imperative n n n The generation of children does not make up for the generation of parents. Half Russian families do not have children. Seven million of these families cannot have children due to vital signs. Less than a third of children are born absolutely healthy, every seventh child is brought up in an incomplete family, every third is born out of wedlock.
The problem of preserving the nation is the main task. 35,000 die in car accidents, the same number from alcohol poisoning, 8,000 from fires, 17,000 drown, and 70,000 go missing every year. n By 2015 there will be 10 million people with disabilities. n n In 50 years we will be 101 million (according to the UN) At the same time, by the middle of the century in Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Iraq, the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf zone, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, the population will reach 1 billion people. n In China, 2 billion 359 million. n
The main features of the current demographic situation in the Vladimir region Low birth rate, mass distribution of a one-child family that does not ensure the reproduction of the population, deterioration in the reproductive health of the population. n High mortality, especially among men of working age, due to accidents, poisoning and injuries. n Decrease in migration growth. n
The structure of the formation of cash income of the Vladimir region Fig. The structure of the formation of monetary incomes of the population of the Vladimir region in 209-2010 , % other income 11% income from entrepreneurial activity 8% wages, including social benefits 51% property income 3% social transfers 27%
The rate of population decline in the Vladimir region, Central Federal District and Russia in 1990 2007 , %, January 1, 1990 level = 100% 101% 100% 99, 6% 97, 9% 99, 3% 98, 8% 98, 6% 98, 1% 97, 5% 96, 9% 96 , 2% 96, 3% 95, 2% 95% 92, 1% 94, 2% 93, 0% 93% 91, 9% 90, 9% 89, 9% 91% 89, 0% 88, 2% 87 % 89% 1991 1992 1993 Russian Federation 1994 1995 Central Federal District 1996 1997 1998 1999 Central Federal District without Moscow 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Vladimir Region 2005 2006 2007
social state. Maximum satisfaction of the constantly growing material and spiritual needs of a person, raising the level and quality of life of the population, reducing social inequality, ensuring the universal availability of social benefits n the state, whose policy is aimed at creating conditions. Ensuring a decent life and free development of a person
General objectives of social development n n n Improve social position population through a system of increasing incomes of the population and reducing social differentiation Reducing poverty Raising social minimum standards Strengthening the social personal security of citizens Social help and social support by the state of unprotected and low-income groups of the population, pensioners, disabled people, veterans
Priorities for the medium term n n n n Ensuring the growth of cash incomes of the population and reducing their differentiation based on an increase in wages, increasing the share of wages in gross domestic product Reducing social and economic poverty Increasing investment in people (education, healthcare) and ensuring universal accessibility and quality of social benefits Modernization of social infrastructure Ensuring the balance of supply and demand in the labor market Strengthening the insurance principles of social protection of the population and the formation of an effective system for protecting socially vulnerable segments of the population Modernization of the housing and communal sector, development of transport infrastructure and communications Stabilization of the demographic situation
The main goal of the region's development strategy is the consistent improvement of the quality of life of the population, the formation of a comfortable social environment. (from the report of the Governor of the Vladimir region N.V. Vinogradov)
Dynamics of regional budget expenditures on social sectors in 2008-2010 n education – up 65.1% n culture – up 56% n healthcare – up 73.3% n sports – up 56.2% n social policy – up n 37.2%
Forecast of the development of the demographic situation in the Vladimir region until 2011 n n stop the decline, stabilize by 2011 the population of the region at a level of at least 1.42 million people, create conditions for its further growth; increase in the total birth rate to the level of 10 -11; reduction of infant mortality to 8 - 9 per 1000 live births; increase in life expectancy of the population up to 65 years;
Characteristics of the consumer market of the Vladimir region n n n In a crisis, the level of commodity saturation is decreasing The range of non-food products, especially imported goods, is narrowing The population's demand for expensive, durable goods is decreasing. Demand for cheap goods is growing, essential goods a high level of competition remains
Characteristics of the consumer market of the Vladimir region n The average wage level in the Vladimir region is higher than in Ivanovo, Bryansk, Orel, Tambov Voronezh region, however, significantly below the level of the leading regions of the Central Federal District. n In terms of per capita income, the Vladimir Region ranks 17th. The gap in the level of income between the Vladimir region and the adjacent Moscow region is more than 50%, with Moscow - 6 times. This situation stimulates the outflow of part of the labor force from the territory under consideration to the Moscow region.
STS in the context of the socio-economic crisis Monetary incomes of the population in 2008 decreased by 5% (in 2007 they increased by 20.3%), monetary expenditures, respectively, decreased by 10.5%. (in 2007 they increased by 15.4%). In 2009, there was a further decline in the incomes and expenditures of the population. n The budget deficit in 2009 amounted to about 8% of GDP, revenues fell to 6.5 trillion rubles. n
Since December 1, 2008, federal medical and educational institutions, other budgetary organizations have switched to new system wages. At the same time, the total wage fund in the federal budgetary network increased by 30%. n Unemployment n Since January 1, 2009, the maximum amount of unemployment benefits has been increased by 1.5 thousand rubles. in addition to its 8.5% indexation. That is, the maximum amount of unemployment benefits from January 1, 2009 amounted to 4900 rubles. n
STS in the conditions of socio-economic crisis Anti-crisis measures are conditionally divided into four groups. n The first includes measures to improve banking system And financial sector, including mechanisms to stimulate lending to the real sector of the economy. n
STS in conditions of socio-economic crisis n The second group includes mechanisms to support the labor market and reduce social tension. n The third group includes measures to increase demand for products in certain sectors of the economy, including by improving the state order system, n The fourth group includes measures to strengthen the position of the real sector of the economy.
STS in conditions of social and economic crisis n. On pensions In 2010, the size of the labor pension increased by more than 1.5 times compared to the level of 2008 and will amount to 2.5 subsistence minimums for a pensioner. In the region today, the subsistence minimum level for a pensioner is 3,787 rubles.
STS in conditions of social and economic crisis n n n n In the region: in 2006 the average size pensions-3306 rubles. as of January 1, 2009 - 4659 rubles. In 2009, the average pension increased by 1200 rubles. and amounted to about 6000 rubles. Military personnel now receive a second insurance pension. Since 2009, the wives of servicemen have been included in the length of service for the years that they did not work, but were on business trips with their husbands. (if this time does not exceed 5 years of seniority) From January 1, 2009, the pensions of those who worked out their seniority before 2002 were indexed by 10%. For those who earned their seniority before 1991, indexation was carried out by another 1% Citizens who begin to form their pension savings after 2010, with a service of 30 years, will be able to count on a pension in the amount of at least 40% of the EARNINGS FROM WHICH WE PAID CONTRIBUTIONS
STS in the context of the socio-economic crisis About housing n The state has purchased more than 80,000 ready-made apartments on the market (an additional 83 billion rubles have been allocated for these purposes). n The size of the tax deduction for the purchase of housing (worth more than 2 million rubles) for the purchase of housing has been doubled from January 1, 2008 instead of 130,000 to 260,000 rubles.
STS in the context of the socio-economic crisis About housing n A system is being introduced that will reduce the waiting time for building permits in Russia. True, today there is no need to talk about the particular relevance of this measure, because most construction projects are frozen at various stages of readiness, not to mention the implementation of new projects.
STS in the context of the socio-economic crisis, the State Duma adopted amendments to the Law "On additional measures of state support for families with children", allowing the use of maternity capital funds to improve housing conditions from January 1, 2009. The law applies to those families who entered into mortgage agreements before December 31, 2010. n
STS in the context of the socio-economic crisis The opportunity to use maternity capital funds to repay the principal debt or pay interest on loans and borrowings will be provided regardless of the period that has passed since the birth or adoption of the second and subsequent children. n In addition, from now on, men will be able to dispose of maternity capital funds for paying mortgage loans. Appropriate changes were made to the rules for channeling maternity capital funds to improve housing conditions, according to which the person who received the certificate, as well as the person who is in a registered marriage with him, will be able to use maternity capital funds. n
STS in the context of the socio-economic crisis n The Russian government is considering additional measures to support the mortgage lending system. To the steps taken by the Agency for Housing Mortgage Lending, central bank initiates the creation of a special organization with state participation, which will buy out housing pledged from banks for mortgage loans. n AHML itself carried out the first three pilot restructurings of problem mortgage loans in Novgorod, Samara and Saratov. All three borrowers have been rescheduled and provided with stabilization loans that will enable them to repay banks throughout the year.
STS in the conditions of socio-economic crisis State Duma deputies are making a new attempt to introduce an irrevocable deposit into Russian banking practice to revive mortgages. The main condition for opening a deposit is that the depositor will have to use the accumulated funds as a first installment for the purchase of housing, and the bank will provide the remaining amount in the form of a loan. n According to A. Aksakov, the developer of the document, the introduction of the new product will allow the bank to attract additional liquidity for a long time. n
STS in the context of the socio-economic crisis AHML is ready to provide guarantees to banks for refinancing mortgages in the Central Bank. True, banks that issued mortgages in foreign currency without a down payment, as well as loans that are too large and risky, will not be able to take advantage of the new scheme. The planned amount of guarantees that AHML is ready to issue to banks for refinancing at the Central Bank is about 500 billion rubles. n
STS in the context of the socio-economic crisis The standard for the cost of one square meter of housing in Russia in 2010 was set at 26.5 thousand rubles. n It is used to calculate the amount of subsidies given to homebuyers through public housing certificates. n In addition, the average market value of housing determined by the Ministry of Regional Development is used as the maximum price set for bidding for the purchase of housing from developers for the social needs of the state. n
STS in the context of the socio-economic crisis n The Bank of Russia proposed to create special organization with the participation of the state, which will redeem housing pledged from banks for mortgage loans. It is assumed that borrowers will be able to continue to live in apartments or houses that have been transferred to the state structure, but will be required to pay rent. n Rent rates have not yet been determined, but experts suggest that they will be below the market and slightly higher utility bills. The creation of a special state agency that will deal with problem loans to citizens will become relevant this spring.
STS in the context of the socio-economic crisis Tax cuts n To reduce the fiscal burden on small business regions, the right to reduce the rate by 10 points, to 5% n Since 2009, the procedure for calculating VAT on advance payments has been optimized n since 2010, the amount of depreciation premiums has been increased up to 30% (faster decommissioning of equipment will be encouraged by a premium (i.e. no tax will be taken) this innovative approach). Depreciation premium is an incentive for the renewal of fixed assets. n Tax authorities have been asked to drastically reduce the time for VAT refunds. From January 1, 2009, the income tax rate has been reduced. The price of the issue is over 400 billion rubles. , which will remain in the real sector. (Changes in the Tax Code).
STS in the context of the socio-economic crisis On supporting the defense industry It is proposed to increase interest rate subsidies, increase investment in the capital of enterprises and additional funds to prevent the bankruptcy of defense plants; the total amount of resources allocated for these purposes is more than 50 billion rubles. n About small business. Through the Development Bank, 83 billion rubles were allocated in 2010 to support small businesses. , which is 21 billion rubles. more than planned (for lending, subsidizing interest rates, for the development of small business infrastructure) for grants, training programs. n
STS in conditions of social and economic crisis n. On labor productivity It is necessary to increase labor productivity in key industries by three to four times, innovative products in the total volume of production from the current 5% to 30 -35% Reduce the energy intensity of products by at least 45%
STS in conditions of social and economic crisis On banks and credits Transition to a significant strengthening of the entire banking system. There must be long money. It is important. n Expand the practice of buying back bonds of major domestic companies by commercial banks. n Expand lending to domestic companies and enterprises almost entirely using their own financial resources. n As part of the stabilization package, about 5 trillion rubles were allocated. rub. to ensure liquidity and stability of the banking system n Strict control so that the allocated resources reach the real sector. , and were not spent on financial pyramids. n Transition of the banking sector to microcredit.
Key factors influencing the labor market n n n Favorable socio-economic situation causes an increase in demand for labor force Demand for labor force decreases in conditions of socio-economic crisis. In the Russian Federation in January-February, 90 thousand people lost their jobs. According to experts in Russia - more than 8 million unemployed In the region 32 thousand unemployed (of which only 24 thousand are registered at the Labor Exchange)
Modernization of the social sphere n Positive trends. n Over the past 5 years, spending from the federal budget on healthcare and sports has increased 9 times, on culture - 10 times, on education - 5 times. n According to experts, in 2012-2013 there will be a reduction in social spending.
NP "Education" n "Education is the most important resource of the intellectual, spiritual and moral potential of the entire nation, and from its successful development the future itself depends - and our country as a whole, and our children "Putin V.V.
NP Obrazovanie The education system in Russia is currently undergoing radical changes. n The transition to 12-year secondary education, the introduction of per capita funding, a single standardized federal final exam that allows you to enter any university without an exam if you get the required number of points, cause a lot of controversy, but continue a steady trend towards entering world practice education systems. Along with state educational institutions n
Tasks of modernization of education n n n n new educational standards; - a new system for assessing the quality of education; - individualization of education; - new wage system; - introduction of normative per capita financing; - participation of public institutions in the management of general education; - informatization general education; - Creation of a system of preschool education.
Modernization of education Perestroika organizational structure On September 1, 2008, the first stage of approbation of the second generation of school standards started in a number of pilot territories. - Improving the legal framework - Informatization. In 2007 - the connection of all educational institutions to the INTERNET network was completed (4.5 billion rubles) - Within 7 seven years on the basis of Article 156 of the Law "On Education" State final certification of 11th grade graduates upon graduation from a secondary educational institution is conducted in the form of the Unified State Examination. -
Modernization of education n. In 2011, 1,95,781 school graduates took the USE (including graduates of previous years). In general, the main assessment of Russian graduates was a three. A quarter of all graduates received deuces in mathematics and literature
Building a motivation system In September 2007, government decree No. 605 appeared, which introduced a new wage system. The new system of remuneration (NSOT) is not based on the sectoral principle, but on the departmental basis. n The new remuneration system consists in the fact that the salary of an education worker will consist of three parts: base salary, compensation and incentive payments. Providing maximum independence in establishing a remuneration system by an institution makes it possible to take into account the features that exist in a particular educational institution. n
Building a system of motivation n However, systemic problems are hidden in the model methodology of the NSOT. Its key principles - such as the dependence of wages on the number of students - are in conflict with the main tasks stated when it was introduced: to motivate teachers to educational work and the use of individual approaches in teaching.
Pre-school education n Thanks to the provision of conditions for the implementation of compulsory pre-school education for children aged 5-6, the coverage of children with pre-school education, according to the data of 2010, amounted to 62.1%, which is close to the indicators of the prosperous 1991, after which a sharp decline began (for example, in 1998 year, only about 54% of children attended preschool institutions). However, more than 1 million Russians are unable to enroll their children in pre-school institutions, and there is a shortage of personnel in this area almost everywhere.
Financing of NP "Education" n Expenditure on the priority national project "Education" is characterized by negative dynamics: 2009 -30 billion 857 million rubles, 2010 and 2011 - 7 billion 900 million rubles each. This is one of the reasons why the share of spending on education in total federal budget expenditures has decreased over the next three years: from 4.69% in 2009 to 3.78% in 2011.
Tasks of modernization of education in the Vladimir region n n n Creation of a system educational services providing early development children, regardless of their place of residence, state of health, social status; Availability of quality education for persons with disabilities; Creation of a system for identifying and supporting gifted children. Structure creation social mobility students. Formation of mechanisms for assessing the quality and demand for educational services, including open system awareness of citizens through the creation of an objective system for assessing educational and extracurricular achievements of students and the participation of consumers and public institutions in monitoring and evaluating the quality of education.
Tasks of modernization of education in the Vladimir region Ensuring the innovative nature of basic education, including substantiation of the content and technologies of education: n Development of variability educational programs; n Updating the structure of the network of educational institutions; n Introduction of new financing mechanisms. n
Modernization of education Governmental support talented youth - 5,350 awards (200 million rubles) n Monetary incentives for the best teachers (1 billion rubles) n Financing of innovative educational programs (10 billion rubles) n Establishment of national universities. (7 billion rubles) n
Results of the implementation of National projects Negative trends: n Insufficient pace of restructuring of social institutions n Low quality of social services provided free of charge n Inefficient spending of budget funds
Problems arising during the implementation of the NP "Education" n acute shortage financial resources directed to the development of the education system; n lack of formation of the regulatory and legal framework in the field of education; n systematic non-compliance with the norms of legislation in this area.
Culture n Culture is a set of material and spiritual values created by the creative labor of people, accumulated in the course of historical development societies aimed at positive development (civilization, community, individual)
Modernization of the housing sector n Housing stock, n housing construction, n housing and communal services, which ensure the reproduction and maintenance of the housing stock, as well as bringing housing and communal services to direct consumers
The housing sector is in an acute systemic crisis; an acute financial deficit; weak material and technical base; insufficient qualification of personnel; lack of a well-thought-out housing policy; monopoly in the housing construction market insufficient development regulatory aspects of construction and housing organizations in terms of their relationship with authorities and consumers. n housing, among others utilities, remains subsidized. Its maintenance is a heavy burden on the municipal budget. n low quality of services provided; n inefficient management. n n n
CURRENT STATUS OF THE HOUSING MARKET IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION n As of September 2010, the housing stock in the Russian Federation was just over 3 billion sq. m. m., despite the fact that the total need for housing is 5.3 billion square meters. m. n The average provision of living space in the country is 21.1 sq. m. m per person, which is 2 times lower than the European average. For comparison, we note that in developed countries, one person has an average of 40 to 60 square meters. m., and in the USA - 63 sq. m., and in Norway - 70. n Most of the housing was built in the period from 1921 to 1970. - 1 billion 606. 5 million square meters m. From 1971 to 1995, 915.9 million square meters were built. m. e., the age of most buildings is measured in tens of years.
National project “Affordable and Comfortable Housing for the Citizens of Russia” n n Increasing the affordability of housing Increasing the volume of mortgage lending Increasing the volume of housing construction and modernization of communal infrastructure Fulfillment of state obligations to provide housing to categories of citizens established by federal law
The main trends in the development of the real estate market n Existing market renting housing is predominantly illegal, to objectively assess the volume of rented housing on this moment almost impossible. n According to the degree of settlement on the territory of Russia: with a total size of all the lands of the Russian Federation of 1709.8 million hectares, the land of settlements occupies 19.1 million hectares or approximately 1.1% of all land, of which the land of urban settlements is only 7, 9 million hectares or 0.46%, and the land of rural settlements 11.2 million hectares or 0.65% of all lands in Russia. n By type of building: 30.2% - individual housing, 69.8% multi-storey buildings. These data indicate a significant predominance of high-rise housing, and, accordingly, building density, despite the fact that in Europe, as a rule, high-rise buildings range from 20 to 40% of the housing stock.
The main trends in the development of the real estate market n Demand for housing in 2010 amounted to about 200 million square meters. m, even the achievement of the planned volume of construction - 56.3 million square meters. m. will not allow him to satisfy. n At the end of 2010, on average, 0.35 sq. m. m. per person, with a spread of 0.02 sq. m. per person in the Murmansk region up to 0.9 sq. m. m. in the Moscow region.
The main trends in the development of the real estate market According to the data of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2010, about 12.5 thousand hectares of land were provided with engineering infrastructure. n In order to ensure the annual commissioning of housing at the level of 140 million square meters. m., it is necessary to increase the pace of equipping land plots with engineering infrastructure by 5 times. n At the same time, the reliability of the existing engineering infrastructure in the regions expert opinion significantly below the permissible level (the number of accidents and damages ranges from 1.8 to 2.2 per 1 km of the network per year, with an allowable 0.3). At the same time, the scale of network replacement does not exceed 1.2% of their total length, and only in some regions - up to 1.8% with the required 4-5% per year. n
The main reason for the outstripping price growth is the imbalance of supply and demand in the housing market, the lack of stability in the housing market forms a trend towards an increase in the volume of housing purchased for investment purposes, the existing imbalance in supply and demand leads to the market being oriented mainly towards high-income groups of the population. n Despite the growth in housing mortgage lending, the focus on mortgage mechanisms for acquiring housing in property did not significantly increase its affordability.
The proposed mechanism for managing the housing sector at the level of municipalities is based on the following principles: n n n n priority of social, regional and municipal interests over sectoral, departmental, local ones; focus on diversity of forms of ownership in the housing sector; gradual decentralization of management and transfer of a number of management functions in the housing sector to the local level; antimonopoly policy in the housing sector separation of the functions of the customer and the contractor and involvement in the construction and operation of housing contractors of various forms of ownership on a contractual basis; ensuring the normative principle of resource conservation and the allocation of various levels of public service; attracting the population to active participation in the housing sector; use of various sources of financing.
Development of the agro-industrial complex - the main directions Goals Indicators Acceleration of the development of animal husbandry Increase in meat production by 7%, milk by 4.5% with the stabilization of the number of cattle at a level not lower than 2005 Supply of 100 thousand heads of breeding cattle under leasing Supply of equipment for the creation of 130 thousand livestock places Stimulating the development of small forms of management in the agro-industrial complex Increasing the volume of sales of products by personal subsidiary and peasant (farmer) households by 6% Modernization and development of the infrastructure of the network of procurement, supply and marketing agricultural consumer cooperatives - 2550 Provision of affordable housing for young professionals (or families) in the countryside Input 1392, 9 thousand sq. m. of housing and improvement of living conditions for at least 31.64 thousand young professionals in the countryside.
Deeper reasons for the growth of corruption. Among them, we highlight the main ones: n - the problem of merging state power with business, primarily with criminal ones; n - lack of public control over the institution of public service; n - underdevelopment of civil society, etc. n
The problem of corruption has many aspects: n n n - imperfection and inconsistency of Russian legislation; - lack of an effective system of state and public control; - lack of principles of administrative ethics; - lack of transparency in decision-making, openness, etc. According to the annual report (2007) of the Center for Anti-Corruption Research and Initiatives, Russia is ranked 147 out of 180 designated places in terms of corruption.
Corruption: concept, forms of manifestation and counteraction. The problem of combating corruption moves from the plane of political declarations to the plane of state policy, becoming the main element of administrative reform. n Solving these problems requires serious and integrated approach. Formation of an anti-corruption system, training of personnel with "anti-corruption resistance", improvement organizational and legal and socio-economic mechanisms of public service organization are the main directions of the fight against corruption. n
System of anti-corruption measures n n n The main content of the system is the traditional measures to limit corruption by strengthening control. Among them: -careful regulation of conflicts of interest -a merit-based recruitment system -detailed regulation of officials' activities. The official regulations, containing the requirements for an official, his official rights and duties, should become the “basic normative act” that regulates the activities of a civil servant. - rotation, . which is carried out by transferring employees from one position to another within one state body or transfer from one state body to another, both at the federal and regional levels.
Measures that do not provide for a tightening of control over officials, but change the system of incentives to increase the effectiveness of its action. Among them: n Increase in wages. the financial allowance of civil servants should be correlated in the labor market with the wages of employees of the relevant specialty and qualifications of the commercial sector.
Comparative Data on Anti-Corruption Mechanisms, Anti-Corruption Mechanism Civil Service Reform Concept Law “On the State Civil Service in the Russian Federation” Rotation + - Competitive selection + + Evaluation of performance and remuneration based on performance + - official revelations - - implementation of official regulations + + regulation of conflicts of interest + + cross-sectoral balance in remuneration (remuneration in line with remuneration in business) + -
Federal Law "On Combating Corruption" . New anti-corruption measures. n n n n “- declarations on personal savings will be provided not only by civil servants themselves. but also their close relatives: wife and minor children; - officials of all levels are obliged to report all cases of bribery known to them; - a two-year ban is introduced for officials to hold positions in companies with which he was associated in the service; - the official will not have the right to rest, go on business trips at the expense of the companies that he supervises on duty; -gifts officials can not receive more than 5000 rubles. (earlier - no more than 500 rubles); - judges and employees of the prosecutor's office and investigative bodies are forbidden to participate in politics - to join the party, to support them ideologically and financially. - introduces punishment for political corruption - forgery of signatures of voters, obstruction of their will.
State regulation of the social and labor sphere n Response to this question it is necessary to start with the definition of the concept of "social and labor relations" . This concept has two components. Employment relations are relations between labor and capital, an employee and an employer. In practice, labor relations rarely exist in their pure form without social relations; on the contrary, social relations arise as a result of labor processes accompanying their conflicts, contradictions. That is, social and labor relations. these are relations that develop as a result of the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of labor, the provision of conditions for productive labor, its protection, and the improvement of the quality of life.
State regulation of the social and labor sphere All phases of the reproduction of the labor force, the system of social and labor relations are reproduced by the STS - the social and labor sphere. The social and labor sphere reflects the object and subject of social policy, characterizes the degree of social development, reflects the unity of labor and social relations. n The structure of the STS was developed at the Department of Labor and Social Policy of the Russian Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation by the head of the department, Professor Nikolai Alekseevich Volgin. n
State regulation of the social and labor sphere n n The main blocks of the STS reflect and ensure the phases of the reproduction of the labor force. : - social sphere (i.e. branches of the socio-cultural complex: education, healthcare, culture, housing and communal services) - labor market, employment service, retraining of personnel (including the unemployed) - sphere of motivation for productive labor (organization of wages, protection and regulation of labor, stabilization of the standard of living of the population
State regulation of the social and labor sphere The next block is the system of social protection of the population - the system of social partnership; - system social insurance- pension system labor protection. The development of the social and labor sphere, and, consequently, the improvement of social and labor relations, is the basis of social policy. n Social policy is a system of interaction and relationships between social groups of society for the life support of the population, the growth of the level and quality of life of the population. n n n
The subjects of social policy are: n n n - the state (state social policy) - the subject of the Russian Federation (regional social policy) - local governments, municipalities (municipal social policy) - enterprises and organizations (corporate social policy) Let us dwell on the issue of state regulation of social labor relations, it occurs within the framework of state social policy. The state, when implementing it, must evenly take into account all the components of the STS, which we noted earlier.
State regulation of the social and labor sphere n The goal of the strategy of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation until 2020 is to steadily improve the quality of life of the population, in fact, this means the formation of an effective system of social and labor relations, the harmonious development of the STS (social labor sphere).
Mechanisms of state regulation of the social and labor sphere: n n n n 1. Formation of a legislative system for regulating social and labor relations. - The Constitution of the Russian Federation defined the Russian Federation as a social state. - Labor Code RF defines the essence of social and labor relations of employers and employees and other legislative acts. 2. identification of priority areas of social state policy: - poverty reduction, social stratification of the population - modernization of the education system - housing and communal services reform - pension reform - healthcare reform improving the quality of life of the population - effective migration policy reducing mortality, increasing the birth rate - supporting young families - supporting social vulnerable social groups (pensioners, children, disabled people, orphans, unemployed)
Mechanisms of state regulation of the social and labor sphere n n n These areas are implemented through the system of National projects: “Healthcare”, “Education”, “Affordable and comfortable housing for Russian citizens”, “development of the agro-industrial complex (agro-industrial complex)” . For example, in the field of education: - the organizational structure of education management is being restructured Since September 1, 2008, the first stage of approbation of the second generation of school standards has started in a number of territories. the regulatory and legal framework is being improved informatization is being carried out educational institutions. In 2007, the connection of all educational institutions to the INTERNET network was completed (4.5 billion rubles), etc.
Financing the social and labor sphere. n n Over the past 5 years, spending from the federal budget on healthcare and sports has increased 9 times, on culture - 10 times, on education - 5 times. In the context of the socio-economic crisis, the state carries out anti-crisis measures. I will note some of them: -From December 1, 2008, federal medical and educational institutions, other budgetary organizations, will switch to a new wage system. At the same time, the total wage fund in the federal budgetary network will grow by 30%. - from January 1, 2009, the maximum amount of unemployment benefits will be increased by 1.5 thousand rubles. in addition to its 8.5% indexation. That is, the maximum amount of unemployment benefits will increase from January 1, 2009 to 4900 rubles.
n n By the end of 2009, the average social pension should not be lower than living wage pensioner. In 2010, the size of the labor pension will increase by more than 1.5 times compared to the level of 2008. % OF EARNINGS FROM WHICH CONTRIBUTIONS WERE PAID - The state will buy over 0,000 ready-made apartments on the market (an additional 83 billion rubles will be allocated). - The size of the tax deduction for the purchase of housing (worth more than 2 million rubles) for the purchase of housing will be doubled from January 1, 2008 instead of 130 thousand to 260 thousand rubles. and etc.
Foreign experience anti-corruption policy n. In most countries, the fight against corruption has become the basis for the implementation of administrative reforms. There are two principal models of reform: the rationalization of the bureaucracy and the transition to a new public administration.
Regulatory Impact Assessment.
State strategic management.
System modernization of the Russian political system.
Program-target methods of management in the system of state regulation of the economy.
Anti-corruption mechanism: theory and methodology.
Modern methods of combating corruption in Russia.
Countering corruption in public authorities in modern Russia: political aspect.
Tools for combating corruption in the system of public administration.
Anti-corruption expertise as a tool for combating corruption.
Anti-corruption: the experience of foreign countries.
Theoretical and methodological aspects research and management of changes in the system of state (municipal) management.
Administrative reform in the system of state (municipal) administration.
Improvement of economic and organizational methods of land management big city in market conditions.
Problems of reforming the system of state property management.
Efficient property management budget organizations local government.
Management of federal property: theory, methodology and practice.
Legal support for the management of state and municipal property.
External factors in the development of urban districts in the region in the context of reforming local government.
Management of socio-economic processes of development of the city (municipal district, subject of the Russian Federation).
Increasing investment attractiveness as a priority direction of the socio-economic policy of the city (municipal formation).
Methodological approach to the development of concepts of territorial socio-economic development.
Technologies of social partnership in the strategic development of the municipality.
Transformation and regulation of the socio-economic development of a single-industry city.
Evaluation of strategic plans for the socio-economic development of Russian cities.
Innovative Mechanisms strategic management development of socio-economic systems.
Marketing strategies of Russian cities.
Optimization of the presentation of municipal services using information and communication technologies.
Assessment of population satisfaction with the quality of services at the municipal level.
Assessment of the full cost of state and municipal services.
Development of standards for state and municipal services.
Management of the implementation of socio-economic targeted programs.
Social dimension of the economic processes of the municipality.
State - private partnership.
Efficiency of social management in the region.
Social development of children in preschool educational institutions.
Problems of reforming housing and communal services (health care), etc.
social capital and social stratification in modern Russia.
Public relations in the social sphere.
Control social development organizations.
Reforming the education system (health system), etc.
Personnel policy of the modern Russian state: essence, principles, functions, features of implementation.
Personnel policy and mechanisms for its implementation in organizations with state ownership.
Ethno-national aspect of state personnel policy.
Personnel policy of the state and problems of vocational education.
Motivation professional development personnel potential of public administration.
Legal regulation of service and personnel relations in the executive (legislative, judicial) authorities.
State personnel policy in the field of public service: essence, principles, implementation problems.
Walkthrough civil service: concept, conditions, procedures.
Passage of municipal service: concept, conditions, procedures.
Diplomatic officer: legal status and powers.
Administrative and legal basis for organizing and conducting attestation of state civil servants of the service.
Service discipline of civil servants and ways to strengthen it.
Civil servant and his social and legal status.
Municipal employee, his rights, duties and responsibilities.
The system of legal guarantees of social and economic protection of a civil servant.
Professional culture of a modern civil servant: concept, structure, ways of formation.
Anti-corruption policy of the Russian state, features of its implementation in the conditions of modern Russia.
Corruption: social essence and social consequences.
The main directions of anti-corruption improvement of the civil service.
Personnel management in the public service system.
Personnel potential of the diplomatic service of the Russian Federation: structure, qualitative characteristics, ways of improvement.
System upgrade vocational training personnel as a factor in improving the quality of the diplomatic service.
Personnel management in the system of municipal service.
Organizational and administrative mechanism of public administration: models and methods.
Organizational mechanism of local government.
The political mechanism of state administration.
Interrelation of political and administrative levels of the organization of the government.
System of methods of state administrative management.
Managerization in the implementation of public administration functions.
Organizational methods in administrative management.
Administrative methods in state (local) management.
Program-targeted approach in state (regional, local) management.
Theories of public administration and their modern application.
Mechanisms of modern public administration.
Improving the mechanisms of state regulation of the economy.
Project management of changes in state (municipal) institutions.
Management of changes in state (municipal) institutions: monitoring and control.
Problems and difficulties in carrying out changes in state (municipal) institutions.
Annex 2
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF RUSSIA
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education
“Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov"
Faculty of Economics
Department ________________________________________
Direction of training _____________________________
Master Program ___________________________
Russia does not stand aside from the global trend of reforming the public administration system in accordance with the concept of "new public management". characteristic features of this process are the introduction of an evaluation system based on results, decentralization (transfer of part of the powers from the federal to the regional level), transfer to outsourcing public services, changing the strategic management system, optimizing the staff of civil servants, fighting corruption, increasing the transparency of the adoption management decisions.
The new conditions place higher demands on the competence of civil servants and on the very structure of executive power. In this regard, the modernization of the administrative system is being carried out, the main vector of which is aimed at increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the activities of the executive authorities in order to strengthen the population's confidence in the state.
However, the measures taken have not yet led to the expected level of efficiency: corruption remains at a low level. high level, the results-based evaluation system has not been put into practice, decentralization has exacerbated the problem of regional budget deficits, and civil society remains excluded from the political decision-making process.
To solve these problems, it is necessary that civil servants master the mechanisms for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the activities of executive authorities and local self-government, and the system of state power itself should form motivation for civil servants to achieve their goals and determine the level of their responsibility.
As a result of the training, students will:
Know:
- the main directions for improving the system of public administration and the structure of public authorities;
- ways to improve the efficiency of public administration;
- indicators of the efficiency and effectiveness of the activities of public authorities;
- requirements of international standards and GOSTs for management;
- the essence of the program-target method in public administration;
- the procedure for developing, implementing and evaluating the effectiveness of state programs;
- bases of activity regulation in executive authorities;
- requirements for technological schemes for the provision of public services;
- requirements federal law dated 09.02.2009 No. 8-FZ “On providing access to information about the activities government agencies and local self-government bodies”;
- goals and priorities within the framework of the implementation of the State Program of the Russian Federation "Information Society" (2011-2020);
- main directions of state policy
- modern problems of public administration;
- fundamentals of organization and issues of improving public administration;
- current state of the public sector of the economy.
- apply in their professional activities technologies aimed at improving public administration;
- analyze the effectiveness of the activities of executive authorities;
- analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of state programs;
- develop and argue proposals aimed at improving the efficiency of public authorities and government organizations;
- participate in the development of administrative regulations;
- participate in the development and implementation of technological schemes for the provision of state and municipal services;
- promote the development of the information society in the Russian Federation;
- recognize manifestations of bureaucracy and corruption in professional activities;
- use the legal framework.
- mechanisms for preliminary public discussion on the Internet;
- skills for evaluating the effectiveness of the activities of executive authorities;
- skills in applying standards and certification in the field of improving the activities of executive authorities;
- methodology for analyzing the effectiveness of the implementation of state programs;
- technologies for ensuring openness and transparency of public administration;
- a mechanism for the development and approval of administrative regulations;
- methods for evaluating the effectiveness of the provision of state and municipal services;
- skills in analyzing dysfunctions of public administration
Purpose of the course
Improving the competencies necessary to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the activities of executive authorities.
The target audience
- state civil and municipal employees of the category heads;
- persons who are in personnel reserve to fill the relevant position of the state civil and / or municipal service.
1
. Key directions for improving the public administration system and the structure of public authorities
2.
Improving the efficiency of public administration. Organization of monitoring and control. Reports on the results and main directions of activity of executive authorities. Indicators of efficiency and effectiveness of the activities of public authorities
3
. Improving the efficiency of the activities of the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation through the introduction of results-based management mechanisms, information and communication technologies, quality management systems that comply with the international ISO standard 9001:2015
4.
Program-target method in public administration and its application. Development and implementation of state programs. Indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of state programs
5.
Creation of a system of administrative regulations. Technological schemes provision of public services
6.
Openness of activity of public authorities. Compliance with the requirements of Federal Law No. 8-FZ dated February 9, 2009 “On Providing Access to Information on the Activities of State Bodies and Local Self-Government Bodies
7.
Electronic government, information society. Legal aspects implementation of information and communication technologies in public administration: The State Program of the Russian Federation "Information Society" (2011-2020)
8.
Modern problems of public administration: problems of overcoming bureaucracy and corruption in the system of public civil service. Dysfunctions of public administration at the present stage
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Legal and financial and economic foundations of public administration. Legal and regulatory framework governing the issues of improving public administration. Organization of state financial control
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The current state of the public sector of the economy and the prospects for its development. Russia's transition to innovative way development: problems and prospects
In public administration its control actions are based on state power, supported and provided by it, extends to the whole of society, to every sphere of society's activity. Therefore, the restructuring of public administration requires, first of all, the restoration of relations of trust, mutual understanding, sincerity and honesty between the state and citizens, between state bodies and all public structures.
To the main organizational problems public administration in modern Russia can be attributed to:
1. Undeveloped regulatory framework state management, especially in terms of powers, the specifics of state bodies, relationships, both between authorities, and the relationship of state bodies with citizens.
2. Authoritarian methods of management. The managerial spirit and atmosphere developed under the conditions of a command-planned economy, to some extent, the methods remain the same today. New organizational forms do not correspond to the old content of managerial relations in the state apparatus.
3. The vertical of power in the country has not been sufficiently worked out, many issues of interaction between federal and republican (subjects of the Russian Federation) governing bodies remain controversial. In most such cases, the population, society as a whole, loses. In this atmosphere, federal, republican and regional bodies get an excellent opportunity to avoid responsibility, shifting their mistakes and shortcomings on each other.
4. Corruption. Corruption literally corrodes the system of public administration. The main goal of the fight against corruption should be measures aimed at changing public attitudes towards corruption by creating an atmosphere of rejection of corruption in all its manifestations and creating conditions that prevent corruption.
5. Unprofessionalism of public administration employees compensated for by their number.
6. Decreased prestige of state bodies in the eyes of citizens moreover, the scale of alienation of people from the state apparatus as a whole, according to some estimates, even exceeds the corresponding level of distrust recorded by specialists in the last years of the existence of the USSR. However, the president's trust rating is growing, especially against the backdrop of recent events in Ukraine.
Thus, given the problems state structure, the decrease in service discipline, the aging of personnel, poor information and technical support for the activities of the state apparatus, etc. seem to be insignificant. Although these problems need to be addressed.
municipal government is a practical, organizing and regulating influence local authorities authorities on the social life of the population of the municipality in order to streamline, preserve or transform it, based on their power.
During effective formation The system of municipal government needs to solve the following main problems:
Rational division of powers between federal, regional and municipal administration;
Improving the methods and structures of management in order to increase the efficiency of the entire system of municipal government;
Creation of an effective system of training personnel for work in municipal government.
At the heart of the management activities of local self-government bodies, the main ones can be identified: the identification, satisfaction and implementation of public interests and the needs of the local population. Based on this, the main activity of local governments is the subordination of the activities of enterprises, organizations and institutions of municipal and other forms of ownership located on the territory of the municipality, to the satisfaction of the public interests of citizens. The richer and more prosperous economic entities will be, the larger the local budget will be, therefore, the needs of the local population will be most fully met. At the same time, the goal of local governments is not only to coordinate economic activity subjects, but also the creation of favorable conditions in which it takes place.
The practice of municipal government in modern Russia shows that most of the population of municipalities is not actually involved in the real processes of development and adoption of municipal management decisions. Accordingly, local self-government today as a form of democracy is more reminiscent of “local government for the population”, unfortunately, sometimes without taking into account the interests of this population.
Measures to be taken to overcome the social and managerial alienation of citizens in the local self-government system:
· First of all, local self-government bodies should reorient their activity strategy: from the primary provision of municipal services to the creation and development of conditions in municipalities to enhance the activities of other social entities (NPO sector, entrepreneurship, etc.) in order to delegate to them part of the authority in the provision of municipal services.
· Secondly, it is necessary to create technology parks, business incubators for the development business environment in municipalities, "social incubators" for the development of leadership potential.
· Thirdly, municipal governments need to develop civic initiatives, using for this all possible forms of local self-government by the population.
The practical experience of Russian regions over the past decade shows that there is a shortage at the initial stage of social and administrative reforms, regional leaders who are able to develop and implement reforms, as well as assess all the consequences of state policy, and minimize social costs in their implementation. Given the increased risk of crises, it is necessary to address Special attention for skill municipal leaders operate in a rapidly changing environment and be flexible without changing our main principles, achieve our goals with the active involvement of business and public organizations, developing partnerships.
Main problems regional government remain: division of regions into economic regions, federal districts and branches of the national economy. Of particular importance in management is the structure of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, their subordination, industry and financial dependence. Therefore, the regions most remote from the center remain less economically dependent if the strategic interests of the state's foreign policy do not affect them. Northern regions and the most resource-rich regions, the most dependent, and all its internal strategy The development of the economy and the social sphere is directed depending on the available goods and the flows of raw materials, materials and equipment.
Often people or labor resources they do not matter for their own region, since it is always considered possible to attract labor potential from other regions. Therefore, in regions with extractive industries and heavy engineering, specialists from the central districts of the Russian Federation prevail, where all the mechanisms of power and resources of the Russian Federation are concentrated. The only thing left for the regional authorities is to look for "crumbs from the common table" for the development of their own economy and social security.
A central executive strategy common to all on the basis of federal targeted programs that affect only certain “special economic zones”, where subordination to local regional bodies and regional development strategies is underestimated, is not always good for the development of regions, especially in conditions of lack of investment.
