Choice of profession. Types of professions and their description

Every year the labor market changes, so it is difficult to predict what the most demanded professions will be in 10 years. The directions that will be leading in Russia by 2019 can only be assumed, because the need for professionals depends on several factors.

Top 10 most demanded professions in Russia in 2019

It is possible to accurately answer the question of what are the most demanded and highly paid professions in Russia from two positions: in terms of state orders for specialties and in terms of research. By the number of state-funded (free) places in the country's universities, it is easy to guess which specialists are now in greater demand.

According to independent studies, the demand for workers directly depends on the pace of development of a particular industry, the level of wages, and the shortage of specialized workers.

Based on these indicators, it is possible to predict which professions will be in demand in Russia by 2019.

Engineering and technical workers

The development of technologies and automation of processes require a strong engineering corps, which creates a need for qualified personnel. Demanded technical professions:

• design engineer;
• design engineer;
• technologist;
• Electrical Engineer;
• heating engineer;
• oil and gas engineer.

medical staff

The profession of a doctor is always in demand and prestigious. Paediatricians and internists are leading in terms of vacancies, but this area of ​​medicine is facing a severe shortage of personnel. The most demanded medical professions in Russia with high competition:

• surgeon;
• resuscitator;
• gynecologist;
• cardiologist;
• dentist;
• ophthalmologist;
• otolaryngologist;
• gastroenterologist;
• uzist;
• nutritionist.

Educational workers

There are few highly qualified specialists left in the field of pedagogy. Most of the teachers are still cadres of the Soviet school. For this reason, the demand for workers of various pedagogical specialties in Russia is high. Popular education professions:

• teacher of foreign languages;
• teacher of algebra, geometry;
• teacher of Russian language, literature;
• IT-teacher;
• chemistry teacher;
• Physics teacher;
• psychologist.

Information technology is only gaining popularity, so the majority of Russian IT workers are self-taught who do not have documentary evidence of knowledge. This is due to the fact that public education is still little adapted to the requirements of modern IT technologies.

Nevertheless, computer industry specialists are among the highest paid workers.

Demanded IT professions:

• programmer;
• Web Designer;
• System Administrator;
• layout designer;
• tester.

Nanotechnology and robotics engineers

These are the professions of the future, so it is difficult to find professionals in these industries today. The promise of nanotechnology is incredible - it covers:

• energy;
• telecommunications;
• medicine;
• space;
• ecology;
• Agriculture;
• food industry.

Nanotechnologists study materials at both the atomic and molecular levels. Today, scientists who are engaged in the following areas are especially in demand:

• microelectronics;
• solar energy conversion;
• creation of light-emitting devices.

As for robotics, this specialty involves the design and subsequent operation of manipulators and intelligent robots. Such systems are needed in industry and science-intensive technologies, where human work is impossible. Roboticists are programmers, cybernetics, engineers rolled into one.

Marketing and PR managers

A common and popular type of activity is marketing. Professionals study the markets, predict customer requests, analyze the work of competitors, develop business on the Internet. Marketing is directly related to advertising and PR, because any, even the smallest company, needs to promote its own products or services. There are many popular and highly paid professions in this area:

• contextual advertising manager;
• e-mail - marketer;
• coach-trainer;
• copywriter;
• logistics manager (transport management);
• Art Director;
• creator (creative director);
• product manager (market analysis).

Service workers

Here the list is huge. Service sector worker is a popular creative profession for girls and guys who are just starting their professional path. The high demand for specialists in various fields is explained by the rapid development of Russian business. Service professions popular among the population:

• visagiste;
• stylist;
• hairdresser;
• waiter;
• tourism manager;
• masseur;
• realtor.

Construction and design specialists

A study of labor market trends showed that due to large-scale construction projects initiated by the state, there is a shortage of construction and design workers. The greatest demand is noted for the profession:

• architect;
• interior designer;
• geotechnician;
• hydraulic engineer;
• designer;
• mason;
• installer;
• a carpenter;
• welder;
• painter-plasterer.

Managers are traditionally considered leaders in terms of salaries in Russia. According to the recruiting portal Superjob, offers for top managers - directors of organizations and heads of major business areas - start from 220-250 thousand rubles.

The upper bar is usually hidden behind the wording "by agreement". This means that the salary depends on the qualifications of the applicant and will be supplemented by a bonus system for achieving certain results.

In some positions, the earnings of managers are close to a million rubles.

In second place are highly qualified specialists in the field of IT. Recruiters assure that this direction is more promising. A specialist in the development of mobile applications, who has proven experience, can, after 3-4 years of work in the industry, qualify for a salary that a manager grows up to in 10-12 years.

Also among the highest paid professionals are airline employees. Managers (for example, the technical director) are offered from 300 thousand rubles, the commander of the aircraft - from 350 to 470 thousand rubles or more, the head of the flight attendant service - from 150 thousand rubles. In addition, airlines usually pay employees annual performance-based bonuses.

Recently, Aeroflot introduced lump-sum payments for the employment of flight personnel: the aircraft commander receives 650 thousand rubles, the co-pilot - 350 thousand rubles.

The highest paid vacancies in July in Moscow

1. Marketing director / head of marketing department in a pharmaceutical company - up to 300,000 rubles.
2. Financial director of a group of companies - from 260,000 to 300,000 rubles.
3. Director of accounting, reporting and tax planning - up to 230,000 rubles.
4. Head of the Procurement Department - from 200,000 to 350,000 rubles.
5. Director of external logistics - from 200,000 to 300,000 rubles.
6. Lead Python / TeamLead developer - from 140,000 rubles.

Top 10 industries with the highest average earnings according to Rosstat

1. Financial and insurance - 68,593 rubles (the average salary of the highest paid workers in the industry is 253,668 rubles).
2. Mining - 66,973 rubles (197,326 rubles).
3. Fishing and fish farming - 64,425 rubles (266,058 rubles).
4. Activities in the field of information and communication - 57,601 rubles (207,307 rubles).
5. Scientific research and development - 57,516 rubles (176,438 rubles).
6. Professional scientific and technical activities - 56,250 rubles (199,302 rubles).
7. Production of coke and oil products; chemicals and chemical products; medicines and materials used for medical purposes - 53,341 rubles (183,803 rubles).
8. Repair and installation of machinery and equipment - 47,354 rubles (132,395 rubles).
9. Construction - 45,941 rubles (139,270 rubles).
10. Metallurgical production, finished metal products, except for machinery and equipment - 44,162 rubles (116,307 rubles).

Who has the best prospects

Good salaries can be received by both non-narrow (as, for example, pilots) and not the most experienced (as managers with long experience) specialists.

Superjob analyzed the offers of employers for employees with qualifications of at least an average level and work experience from one to three years.

Here is what the top 10 professions with the fastest growing salaries look like.

1. Oracle Developer.
   Annual salary increase: 21%.
   Average earnings: 100,000–120,000 rubles.
2. Foreign exchange specialist.
   Annual salary increase: 20%.
   Average earnings: 55,000–70,000 rubles.
3. Chief designer.
   Annual salary increase: 19%.
   
4. Head of software testing department.
   
   Average earnings: 120,000–165,000 rubles.
5. Lawyer in international law.
   Annual salary increase: 18%.
   Average earnings: 80,000–120,000 rubles.
6. Head of Internet projects.
   Annual salary increase: 17%.
   Average earnings: 100,000–150,000 rubles.
7. Java programmer.
   Annual salary increase: 14%.
   Average earnings: 100,000–130,000 rubles.
8. Tax Lawyer.
   Annual salary increase: 13%.
   Average earnings: 70,000–110,000 rubles.
9. PHP programmer.
   Annual salary increase: 12%.
   Average earnings: 90,000–120,000 rubles.
10. Systems Analyst.
    Annual salary increase: 11%.
    Average earnings: 90,000–140,000 rubles.

As for the prospects, the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation found out that the most demanded employees today are skilled workers in the metalworking and machine-building industries, high-level specialists from the fields of science, culture, construction, transport (in particular, pilots) and lawyers.

We want to talk about the ABC of Professions project, which we prepared with 1st grade students during the period of literacy. These are the first steps in career guidance, which must be started from the very first years of schooling. The project is executed in an interesting, entertaining way; there are creative tasks, the help of parents is obligatory. The entire class was involved in the project.

Hello! We, students of class 1-A, present a joint project "The ABC of Professions". In this work, we wanted to show how many wonderful and worthy professions exist in modern life.

My years are growing
There will be seventeen.
Where should I work then?
What to do?
(V. Mayakovsky)

Each of us will have to choose a profession to our liking in the future. How many professions do we know? Doctor, teacher, salesman, driver, programmer: these are perhaps the most famous professions for us. But we guessed that there are a lot of professions, very different, interesting, unusual. At a literacy lesson, we read a story in the ABC about what the guys dream of becoming when they grow up. Studying new letters, we also read about people of different professions: a cook, a carpenter, a diver. And so we thought, what other professions are there? It would be interesting to know about them. And not just learn, but connect it with literacy lessons. This is how the idea for the project was born.

The first thing we started our work with was to find out the names of professions that exist in the world. And to make it more interesting to complete this task, we decided to look for the names of professions for each letter of the Russian alphabet. At the same time, we will learn the letters! Each student in the class chose a task sheet with three letters of the alphabet. (Appendix A). At home, together with our parents or on our own, we entered as many names of professions as possible for each letter. Assignments were handed over to our leader - our teacher. She summarized this work and compiled a list of job titles in alphabetical order. It turned out that we found 207 job titles for almost all letters of the Russian alphabet!

And here is the next stage of work. From this large list, it was necessary to choose the most unusual names of professions, about which we knew nothing, had not heard, had no idea. We worked in groups. We actively discussed, found out, argued. And as a result of the discussions, it turned out that in all groups three identical names of professions were noted: agronomist, huntsman, radio operator.

Now we had to find information about these professions that interested us. We worked at home, our parents helped us. Here's what we learned.

An agronomist is an agricultural specialist with comprehensive knowledge of the study and cultivation of field, horticultural, and horticultural crops. The word "agronomist" comes from two Greek words: "agros" - field and "nomos" - law. The agronomist knows when to sow and harvest, how to deal with weeds, plant diseases, and pests. A high yield is the biggest reward for an agronomist.

The huntsman is a professional hunter, hunter, forester. He protects the territory of forest lands from poachers, controls the correctness of hunting. The huntsman is well aware of the forest, forest dwellers, prepares stocks of food for the winter for animals and birds, protects them from poachers. Helps amateur hunters. This is a very important and dangerous profession.

A radio operator is a specialist in the transmission and reception of messages by radio. He works at sea on ships, on submarines; in the sky on airplanes, in space; on earth where there is radio communication. The radio operator is a military profession. Information is transmitted using Morse code. Morse code is a coded alphabet.

As a result of the work done, we have obtained a "Dictionary of Professions". It lists job titles in alphabetical order. Read and choose your future profession (Appendix B).

To consolidate the acquired knowledge, we came up with a game. They composed a short fairy tale about how in one city an evil wizard harmed the inhabitants. It was necessary to answer the question, people of what professions will help correct the situation and restore order (Appendix C).

Our work has come to an end. Let's draw conclusions:

Beautiful professions in the world can not be counted,
And glory and honor to every profession!

And most importantly, we realized that no matter what profession we choose in the future, we need to prepare for it now - to study well, to be diligent, responsible, accurate.

If you want to build a bridge
Watch the movement of the stars
Drive the machine in the field
Or drive the car up -
Do a good job at school
Study diligently.
(S. Marshak)

Annex A. Sample task form No. 1.

ABC of professions	Write job titles for each letter
A
B
IN

Appendix B Dictionary of professions.

Note: all names are written exactly as their students wrote together with their parents. The purpose of this task is to expand the vocabulary of students, increase cognitive activity. If you are doing a similar project, the job titles may be different. You can also format the dictionary in any form. We designed it in the form of a homemade bound book, and the words were arranged in a column.

Professions Dictionary

Aircraft designer, Race car driver, Auto mechanic, Agronomist, Lawyer, Actor, Animator, Entertainer, Architect, Astrologer, Astronomer

Banker, Bartender, Librarian, Biologist, Flight Engineer, Flight Attendant, Botanist, Bosun, Bulldozer Operator, Accountant

Train driver, Watchman, Typesetter, Veterinarian, Winemaker, Driver, Diver, Balloonist, Vocalist, Educator, Doctor

Geneticist, Geologist, Guide, Make-up artist, Governess

Janitor, Designer, Diplomat, Conductor, Animal trainer

Railroad worker, Tinsmith, Painter, Animal breeder, Jockey, Juggler, Journalist

Slaughterer, Manager, Breeder, Head teacher, Supply manager, Cutter, Measurer, Tanker, Ringer, Digger, Witch doctor, Zoologist, Livestock specialist

Icon painter, Illusionist, Immunologist, Engineer, Inspector, Instructor, Toolmaker, Irrigator, Art critic, Tester, Historian, Ichthyologist

Cashier, Whaler, Combiner, Confectioner, Cosmonaut, Blacksmith

Forester, Lumberjack, Pilot, Speech therapist, Boatman

Painter, Masseur, Machinist, Policeman, Sailor, Butcher

Adjuster, Neurologist, Neurologist, Neurosurgeon, Rateman, Porter, Notary, Nanny

Optometrist, Operator, Officer, Waiter, Hunter, Security Guard

Hairdresser, Perfumer, Singer, Baker, Bookbinder, Printer, Furnace, Pianist, Pilot, Writer, Carpenter, Chef, Border Guard, Fireman, Polisher, Dressmaker, Postman, Poet, Programmer, Salesman, Beekeeper

Worker, Radio Operator, Director, Reporter, Realtor, Angler

Plumber, Welder, Cattleman, Steelworker, Stylist, Carpenter, Dentist, Caretaker, Judge, Cheesemaker

Taxi driver, TV presenter, Technologist, Merchandiser, Turner, Tractor driver, Coach, Chimney sweeper

Cleaner, Coal Miner, Stacker, Tamer, Manager, Urologist, Ufologist, Scientist, Accountant, Teacher

Pharmacist, Facade man, Packer, Paramedic, Figure skater, Physicist, Phytotherapeutist, Magician, Photographer, Photojournalist, Fashion model, Cutter

Halvomes, Chemist, Surgeon, Grower, Cotton grower, Choreographer, Artist

Flower grower, Flower girl, Clergyman, Circus performer, Barber

Watchmaker, Chaser, Draftsman, Carder, Cleaner

Organ grinder, Seamstress, Chef, Grinder, Showman, Chauffeur, Plasterer, Navigator

Economist, Excavator, Tour Guide, Electrician, Ethnographer

Comedian, Jung, Lawyer

Appendix C Examples of fairy tales invented by students.

Good conquers evil.

There were Lilliputians. And everything was fine with them until the evil wizard arrived. He covered the whole city with white snow. All trees and bushes died. And spring and summer did not come again. The Lilliputians froze and began to get sick. Then everyone gathered wipers and swept away all the snow. Agronomists plowed the land, planted new trees. A doctors they gave all the inhabitants to drink tea with raspberries, and everything became as before. And the evil wizard realized that he lost, and flew away.

Georgy Timofeev, student 1 - A class

Once upon a time there lived an evil wizard of darkness. He made his way to the city where people were going to celebrate the New Year. Everything in the city was decorated with beautiful light bulbs. Everything around was sparkling, and it was very light. The evil wizard caught up with a strong wind, and all the electrical wires were cut off. Then came electricians and repaired all the wires, and policemen banished the evil wizard.

Maxim Shutikov, student 1 - A class

One day an evil wizard came to the city of Happiness. He was also harmful. And so he decided to hurt people. The wizard waved his magic wand and all the children in the city became stupid. They forgot the letters. But children can help teachers. They teach children to read and write.

Valeria Ploskonosova, student 1 - A class

Evil wizard.

The evil wizard mixed up the traffic lights in the city: when the pedestrians were red, the cars were also red. And so all traffic in the city stopped, and no one knew who to give way to.

Helped fix it road inspector movements. They began to regulate the movement of cars and pedestrians with their striped stick. And the evil wizard gave up - he returned everything to its place.

Yana Durova, student 1 - A class

Artist.

Winter came. All residents of the city of Moscow began to prepare for the New Year. Everyone began to draw New Year's drawings. And no one invited the evil wizard who lived in this city to the holiday. He got offended and ruined all the drawings. In all the drawings, instead of Santa Claus, Kikimora appeared. The residents were upset. Who will help fix everything?

And in this city lived a kind artist. People went to him and asked for help. With one stroke of a magic brush, he made Santa Claus appear instead of Kikimora in all the drawings.

Santa Claus now has a magnificent exhibition of paintings in his hut.

Ira Gerasimova, student 1 - A class

Fairy story.

In a certain sea, in the very middle of it, lay an island. It had a city on it. Very friendly and hardworking people lived in this city. And then one day, when they were preparing to celebrate the big holiday "Island Day", this story happened.

In the most beautiful square, the inhabitants set up tables for all the islanders and prepared many delicious treats. But one wizard, who lived on a neighboring island, was offended that he was not invited to the holiday, and spoiled the whole treat. He turned it into bitter and unappetizing. And he cast a spell on all the inhabitants so that they would forget all the recipes. The inhabitants of the island were very upset, because their holiday was ruined.

Suddenly, a beautiful woman came to their aid, as if from sea foam. She had a metal case in her hands. She opened it, put on her headphones and began to transmit some incomprehensible message. The inhabitants of the town stood, looked and did not understand anything. A little time passed, and a small red helicopter flew in. In it sat an important man in a white cap on his head. He brought a lot of products and prepared very tasty and unusual dishes. And the best dish was a huge five-tiered cake.

The residents were very happy that the holiday still took place. They even forgave and invited a wizard neighbor to the party. The wizard apologized, disenchanted all the inhabitants and decorated the square with flowers and balls. And at the end of the holiday he gave all the residents a festive salute. Everyone was in a very good mood.

Who were these mysterious helpers?

What occupations can they be classified as?

Anna Sisetskaya, student 1 - A class

: typology E.A. Klimov, which classifies professions according to and the Dutch typology of professions, which connects the type of personality and the type of professional environment chosen by a person.

Typology of professions E.A. Klimov

Klimov identified five objects of labor: , technique, sign, nature. In the first part of the name of the type of profession, the subject of labor is indicated, which is always a person.

Man is man- all professions related to the upbringing, service, training of people, communication with them. This group includes all teaching and medical professions, professions in the service sector and others.

Man is technology- all professions related to the creation, maintenance and operation of equipment. These are such professions as: design engineer, car mechanic, system administrator and others.

Man is a work of art- all professions related to the creation, copying, reproduction and study of artistic images. This group includes such professions as: artist, actor, singer, restorer, art critic and others.

Man is nature- all professions related to the study, protection and transformation of nature. This group includes such professions as: veterinarian, gardener, agronomist, ecologist and others.

Man is a sign- all professions related to the creation and use of sign systems (digital, alphabetic, musical). This group includes translators of artistic and technical texts, analysts, financiers and others.

The peculiarity of the application of this classification in our time is that simple professions with one object of labor are becoming a thing of the past and they are being replaced by professions with several objects of labor, or with a complex object of labor. For example, the profession of a landscape designer simultaneously belongs to the type of man-nature and to the type of man-artistic image.

Typology of professions by J. L. Holland

Holland proceeded in his classification from the fact that a person's choice of professional space is an expression of his personality. A person's achievements in one or another type of career depend on the correspondence between the characteristics of the individual and the characteristics of the professional environment.

He singled out six personality types and six types of professional environment.

There are certain patterns of combination of personality type and environment type

• "+" - favorable
• "++" - very favorable

• "-" - not favorable
• "- -" - very unfavorable

When choosing a profession, two main criteria should be taken into account: personal qualities and the so-called professional suitability. Simply put, a person must not only want to work in a certain area, but also have a certain potential for self-realization in it.

"Techies" and "humanists" - the most elementary division of people according to the criterion of professional suitability. The corresponding abilities can be pronounced, but it also happens that a person has approximately the same inclination towards both the technical and the humanities. In any case, within each of these two groups of professions, there are many subgroups, and therefore the choice is quite wide.

Even the ancient Romans noticed that mala herba cito crescit (“weed grows quickly”), and in order to get a good harvest, you need to work hard, and with skill. Today, the food security of the seven billion people is provided by agronomists, gardeners, farmers, machine operators and even foresters - all those who work on the land or are professionally engaged in crop production.

The list of professions related to security can be both technical and social and humanitarian, or it can be at the intersection of these two areas. In addition, in this area there is a division into power security and information. Security in the field of IT and engineering security is especially relevant at the enterprise level, and fire and military security are, as a rule, matters of public service.

Representatives of the military professions do not "work", but carry out public service. In addition, to become a military man, you usually need to receive appropriate education from school age. The military professional sphere provides the country with people who can and are able to make responsible decisions, conduct a competent strategy, and also contribute to its technical development. In a word, the mission of protecting the state in peacetime and wartime is entrusted to their shoulders.

There are professions that can be attributed to several categories at once, or, conversely, they do not fit into any list of specialties: for example, an expert or a priest. It is about them that we are talking about in this section.

The name of the profession "engineer" goes back to the Latin word ingenium, which means "ability, ingenuity." And in fact, engineers are not only technically competent builders, oilmen, mechanics, thermal power engineers or corrosive labor protection specialists, but also creators - designers, designers, empirical physicists involved in applied development and research.

The list of creative professions is quite wide. The list includes artistic, theatrical, pop, dance and other areas related to art. If you feel that you are creative and talented, and creativity and art are the areas where you can express yourself, then you should definitely read this section.

To the specialties, to put it simply, related to a computer, a large group of professions directly related to information technology is included. IT (in the English version IT - information technology) is a set of methods and means for collecting, processing, storing and transmitting text, video or audio data. The use and development of this harmonious system is provided by IT specialists, in other words, IT specialists: web developers, software testers, programmers, content managers, system administrators and dozens of other professionals involved in computer equipment, software and their use.

Professions associated with the sky, of course, poetically can be called the most sublime, and they are suitable for one hundred percent romantics. But you need to be prepared for the fact that the specialties of an air traffic controller, stewardess or pilot will require quite earthly and absolute dedication - it is not for nothing that cosmonauts and test pilots are awarded the title of Hero of Russia for their work.

In the 21st century, beauty and fashion have become powerful industries, which means that professionals are needed to work in them, and very different ones: makeup artists, hairdressers, stylists, fashion designers. Breaking through and making a name for yourself in this area is not easy, but it is extremely interesting to work.

Light industry is understood as a set of industries that produce a huge range of consumer goods - from toys and souvenirs to household items that are impossible to do without in everyday life. All this is developed and manufactured by representatives of different professions: clothing designers, fashion designers, tailors, seamstresses, shoemakers, weavers, furniture makers.

Modern linguists are no longer pure humanists who compare the vocabulary of Byron's and Pushkin's poems or collect dialect expressions on expeditions to cities and villages in order to compile a dictionary of dialects of disappearing peoples. Today, the list of professions related to the theoretical study and practical application of different languages ​​includes not only a translator and linguist, but also specialists in information intelligent systems involved in the development of speech recognition programs, automatic text processing and other software.

In order for each customer to always be able to find on the shelves of the supermarket, in the collection of the boutique and in the salon of household appliances exactly the goods that he needs, the system of purchases, transportation, and warehousing must be clearly established. All this is done by sales managers, buyers, merchandisers, supervisors, brokers, brokers, logisticians, storekeepers, freight forwarders and other representatives of professions related to the field of trade.

Doctors, nurses, geneticists, virologists and other researchers in the field of medical science chose the medical profession in their time. The level of responsibility in this area goes off scale, and the knowledge necessary for work is sometimes at the intersection of such sciences as chemistry, physics, biology, and even engineering. The list of specializations for doctors is not long. Today, medical institutions are constantly in need of anesthesiologists, pediatric and adult resuscitators, narcologists and psychiatrists, as well as emergency doctors and workers in the field of medical laboratory diagnostics.

The common phrase that every cook can govern the state, in the original looks different and has an absolutely opposite meaning: it boils down to the fact that administration at all levels must be learned. The art of leadership is mastered by graduate HR, customer service or tourism managers, crisis managers, commercial and financial directors and representatives of other administrative professions.

On the seas, on the waves - now here, tomorrow there. If you are ready to live in such a rhythm, then the professions of a sea captain, sailor, navigator, minder or diver are just for you. Work in the navy cannot be called easy, but marine specialties have long and probably forever received the status of the most romantic.

In universities, everyone studies a variety of academic disciplines; for many graduates of higher educational institutions, science becomes a profession. Historians and philosophers, ethnographers and anthropologists, archaeologists and paleontologists, ecologists and sociologists, art historians and cultural scientists, nuclear physicists and biochemists, meteorologists and cartographers, geologists and gemologists - they all work in different branches of fundamental or applied science.

With the development of the segment of non-state education, the level of demand for representatives of pedagogical professions has increased dramatically. In addition, the practice of private tutoring has recently become very common. Babysitting and employment in preschool institutions also require teacher education from the candidate. Modern educational, entertainment and sports studios for children and adults offer dance, language, and creative classes. In all these areas, the profession of a teacher is in demand.

Everyone loves to eat deliciously, but if at home we often make do with amateur express scrambled eggs, “built” in haste and as God puts it on our souls, then on an industrial scale, professionals are engaged in cooking and food production: catering technologists, cooks, bakers, restaurateurs, and even tasters and sommeliers who check the taste of food and make wine lists on themselves.

Civil servants are employees of executive, legislative, regional and municipal authorities, employees of the police, prosecutors, courts, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and even the military. That is, these are not only officials in the usual sense for the majority, but in general all professionals working in state civil or law enforcement agencies. Therefore, by and large, politicians and diplomats can be called civil servants.

Professions related to working with people either carry a certain social benefit, or are at the junction of two (or more) areas of activity, pursuing slightly different goals. So, if we compare, for example, the profession of a teacher and a personnel manager, then the first one works exclusively with people and for the sake of people (in general), and the second one pursues corporate interests. Therefore, working with people is a very general concept, which, however, in all cases requires the employee to display highly moral human qualities.

It is not for nothing that wild and domestic animals are called our smaller brothers: just like people, they need qualified medical care, professional care, proper education and reliable protection. Veterinarians, paramedics, cynologists, groomers, zoologists, trainers, huntsmen, in a word, specialists whose work involves direct or indirect contact with animals, do all this for the inhabitants of the wild and pets.

Any enterprise and each organization must work as a well-coordinated organism - otherwise it will not be possible to obtain sensible results and not withstand market competition. In medium-sized, and especially large, companies, employees of the administrative and economic department and, to no lesser extent, representatives of office professions: administrators, secretaries, clerks, ensure the smooth functioning of the production mechanism.

The service and tourism industry rests on the shoulders of not only the owners of service companies, hotel empires and VIP or budget travel agencies. The main "actors and performers" in it are employees of all enterprises of various sectors of the hospitality industry: head waiters, guides, waiters, tourism managers and even animators who entertain vacationers and are responsible for their good mood.

Representatives of several dozen specialties work in the field of mass media and publishing. All of them provide the publication of books, newspapers, magazines. In recent decades, many traditional professions for this field, for example, a journalist, editor or illustrator, have adapted to the characteristics of electronic media and virtual information platforms without changing their essence. Like hundreds of years ago, correspondents, columnists, reporters, proofreaders, typesetters and other professionals do everything to ensure that the reader receives high quality information - no matter what format it will be presented in.

The field of engineering and technology is suitable for people with pronounced inclinations towards the exact sciences: mathematics, chemistry, physics, computer science. The corresponding professions are characterized by high dynamism: this is due to the constantly ongoing industrial and technical development. Graphs, lists, drawings and calculations - this is the tool base of technical professions. To enjoy such work, one must not only be able to do all this, but also sincerely love the exact sciences.

Transport plays an important role in the national economy of the country. It, in turn, is greatly influenced by technological progress. Not only the scale of transportation is growing, but also the level of comfort, technical equipment of route lines, etc. People who manage and service transport are always in demand, but the choice of a transport profession is associated with a significant level of responsibility. The dynamism of this area also requires employees to constantly improve their skills.

The economy, like engineering and technology, loves precision and certainty. However, accuracy alone is not enough in her world: among other things, economic professions have their own specifics, which lies in the constant need for forecasting, positioning and analysis. Entrepreneurship as a profession combines all of the above, because market processes are subject to the laws of various economic sciences, and for successful business, absolutely all factors in this field of activity must be taken into account.

The list of legal professions is traditionally associated with justice, but in the conditions of an emerging (developing) rule of law state, this is by no means the end of the matter. Both state and commercial organizations resort to the help of lawyers, and the scale can be very different - from an enterprise to the world stage. The activities of non-profit organizations are also subject to legal norms, so good lawyers do not remain without work.