Social protection is a system of legislative, economic, social and other guarantees that provides all able-bodied citizens equal rights and working conditions, and disabled (socially vulnerable) layers - benefits in using public funds consumption, direct material and socio-psychological support in all forms.
Social support is temporary or permanent measures of targeted support for certain socially vulnerable categories of citizens.
Social protection and support of citizens are the prerogative of the state. the federal law"About general principles organizations local government in the Russian Federation" of 2003 refers to the competence of municipal districts and urban districts in this area only guardianship and guardianship, and to the competence of settlements is to assist in establishing guardianship and guardianship over the residents of the settlement who need them. However, the main part of the care for social support of citizens is traditionally carried out Local self-governments as state powers As the closest to the population, local self-governments know better the specific living conditions individual citizens and can perform social support functions more effectively. Due to the lack of state funding, local budgets bear a significant share of the costs of social support for the population .Main forms of social support for certain groups of the population: 1) cash allowance, 2) food, clothing, 3) Benefits, 4) Subsidies (target funds for paying for services), 5) Compensation. Municipal policy in the field of social protection and support of the population is the implementation of their own and transferred (federal and regional) state powers to organize a set of measures aimed at preventing certain vulnerable groups of the population and citizens from falling into the zone of extreme social disadvantage. The formation and implementation of local policies in the field of social support of the population are carried out within the framework of targeted assistance to specific groups of the population and individual citizens.
Criteria and mechanisms for providing social support
on municipal level. The main criteria for providing social support to certain categories of citizens at the municipal level include the following.
1. Low level of material security. If the per capita income of a person (family) is below a certain legally established normative value, this person (family) needs social support. The normative value of per capita income is determined by the price of the consumer package, which characterizes the subsistence minimum per family member (or single citizen) for a given period of development of society. The composition, structure and cost of this set change in accordance with changes in generally accepted living standards.
2. Disability, the consequence of which is the impossibility of self-service.
3. Loss of home and property.
90 Aims, f and methods of moon management
MU- this is a special type of management activity and means the activity of local authorities at the level of the municipality, aimed at satisfying the number of interests and needs of the population.
Tasks of MU:* creation of an effective council of the MU of a specific MO; * development, adoption of the charter of the MO, control over its implementation, development and introduction of amendments and additions to the charter of the MO; * organization of management of the city economy, as a joint Tyu enterprises and org-tions of various forms of sobst-ty; *development of early forecasts and planning of the integrated development of the Moscow Region.
F MU- These are certain types of powerful organizing influence of CHI, aimed at influencing the settlement of the processes of the IR. F-tions: * planning (development of consistent goals and objectives, a guideline for maintaining the living standard of the population); * organization (creating an exercise structure, in α noun pr-s combining people and means for achieving the goal) ; * coordination (the regulatory influence of the subject on the exercise object, aimed at eliminating deviations from the specified mode and transferring the exercise object to the planned state); * control (comparing all parameters of the state of the exercise object with the parameters of transferring to a given state.)
MU as a process of influence of the subject of control-I on the controlled object is carried out with the help of methods of control-I.
MU method- a way, means, reception of the influence of the subject of management (body, leader) on groups of people or their individual members as objects of management for achieving the goals of management. Classification: By content:1) economic, administrative, social psycho methods. 2) Given the direction: C, O impact; 3) By level of application. Administrative Methods- are carried out in the form of direct administrative influence on the objects of control in various categorical forms: resolutions, orders, orders, instructions. *Decree - PA adopted in order to resolve important tasks development and railway MO. *Order –PA published by the DL, within their competence (1st deputy governor, mayor). *Order – PA, published by the heads of departments, to solve operational tasks. The heads of medical institutions and their structural subdivisions have the right to give instructions employees subordinate to them within the limits of their competence.
Organizational Methods- cos-ty organizational impacts C on O, as well as on himself. *Regulations normative documents, clear order; *Org-but-methodical. instruction- development and approval by the organs of the MU of various kinds of instructions for the enterprise and org, as well as citizens.
Economic Methods - based on the material interests of people. SIR planning- a process aimed at the integrated development of MO; Strategic planning- promotion of goals and strategies for the long term; Owner's account- comparison of costs for the production of products or services with the income received from their sale; Price policy- a system of priorities underlying the activities of local self-governments in the field of regulation of prices and tariffs, attributed to their competence; budget policy- increased the revenue side of the budget, cost optimization, control Investment policy- activities of local self-government bodies for attracting funds; Moon order-sov-th concluded mun contracts for the supply of goods, performance of work, provision of services at the expense of the local b. Social psycho methods. social rationing–charters of societies-x org-th, etc. Social regulation- contracts, mutual obligations. moral stimulation- public announcement of gratitude for Good work. Group management methods- authoritarian, democratic, liberal methods. Psychological methods - creating an optimal psychological climate.
Introduction
As a professional activity, social work over more than a century of history has accumulated vast empirical material, the theoretical understanding, generalization and systematization of which opens up new perspectives for practice in terms of increasing its efficiency and effectiveness. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the system of social protection of the population is currently understood as a set of legally established economic, social, legal guarantees and rights social institutions that ensure their implementation and create conditions for maintaining the livelihood and active existence of various social strata and groups of the population, primarily the socially vulnerable.
One of the main tasks of social work at the present time is the further development and improvement of the existing forms, methods, methods and techniques of activity used by a specialist to solve the social problems of clients, stimulating the activation of their forces to change an unfavorable life situation.
The purpose of the work is to study the development of the system of social protection of the population. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been set:
.The study of the theoretical foundations of the development of the system of social protection of the population, to study the concept of "social protection" and "social security of the population." .Study federal and regional legislation, municipal and state regulations regulating relations in the development of social protection of the population. .To study the practice of the activities of the municipalities of the Sverdlovsk region in addressing issues of the development of social protection of the population. .To analyze the achievements and shortcomings of the municipal administration for the development of social protection of the population. .To form conclusions and develop recommendations for further improvement of the development of the system of social protection of the population in the city of Nizhny Tagil. The subject of the research is the study of social protection of the population at the state and municipal levels. The object of the study is the Sverdlovsk region, the city of Nizhny Tagil. A comprehensive course work consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion and a list of used literature and sources, as well as applications. In preparation term paper used works such as: State and municipal government. Handbook / Ed. N.I. Glazunova, Yu.M. Zabrodina, A.G. Porshnev; Law and social protection of the population (social security) - Lepikhov M.I.: Dictionary - reference book on social work / Ed. E.I. idle; The system of municipal government: Textbook for universities / Ed. V.G. Zotov; Social work / Under the general editorship of V.I. Kurbatov. Series "Textbooks, study guides»; Social Encyclopedia / Ed. count A.P. Gorkin, G.N. Karelova, E.D., Katulsky and others; Functions and powers of municipal government: Textbook-method. materials / Comp. D.V. Osintsev; Economic fundamentals social work. Panteleeva T.S., Chervyakova G.A. Textbook for university students, etc. a more detailed list of references and sources is shown on the last pages of the term paper. CHAPTER 1. Theoretical basis development of the system of social protection of the population, the concept of "social protection" and "social security of the population" social protection municipal 1.1 Basic concepts, essence and significance of the development of the system of social protection of the population Modern Russia is going through a transition period that has affected all spheres of the country's socio-economic life, causing the emergence of many socially unprotected sections of the population - the unemployed, refugees and forced migrants, the disabled, etc. Under these conditions, the social protection of the population, or protection from risks through comprehensive assistance to a person from the state in solving various problems throughout his life, is of key importance, consistent with the social policy pursued in Russia. In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation of December 12, 1993, the Russian Federation (RF) was proclaimed a social state. Its most characteristic features are reflected in the ongoing social policy, which, according to Art. 7 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person. Social policy is the realm of practical implementation essential function the state to create conditions that provide each member of society with the realization of his needs, taking into account the value system approved by society, and therefore the center of social policy is always a person who simultaneously acts as its goal, object and subject. Social protection of the population at the present stage is the most important and priority area of social policy Russian Federation, being a system of principles, methods, legally established by the state of social guarantees, measures and institutions that ensure the provision of optimal living conditions, satisfaction of needs, maintenance of life support and active existence of the individual, various social categories and groups; a set of measures, actions, means of the state and society directed against situations of risk in the normal life of citizens other circumstances. Social protection of the population in is a set of socio-economic measures carried out by the state and society and ensuring the provision of optimal living conditions, satisfaction of needs, maintaining life support and active existence of the individual to various social categories and groups, as well as a set of measures directed against risk situations in normal life citizens, such as illness, unemployment, old age, loss of a breadwinner. It represents a set of measures to ensure a state-guaranteed minimum level of material support for socially vulnerable segments of the population during the period of economic transformation. The system of social protection of the population at the present stage includes: social Security; social insurance; social support (help). Social protection of citizens is carried out at the expense of the federal and local budgets, specially created funds for social support of the population, non-state funds. The main principles of social protection of the population are humanity, social justice, targeting, comprehensiveness, ensuring the rights and freedoms of the individual. The need to improve the system of social protection of the population is caused by the transition to market relations in society. The main goals of social protection of the population are as follows: ) getting rid of absolute poverty, when the average per capita total family income is below the subsistence level; ) provision of material assistance to the population in extreme conditions; ) promoting the adaptation of socially vulnerable groups of the population to the conditions of a market economy. One of the elements of social protection of the population in the crisis conditions of the transition to market relations is social assistance, provision in cash or in kind, in the form of services or benefits provided subject to social guarantees legally established by the state; a set of social services, medical - social, socio - economic, social - household, socio - psychological, social - pedagogical and other support of a person from state and non-state structures during his crisis, in difficult life situations. Provision of public social assistance carried out in the following ways: ) cash payments (social benefits, subsidies, compensations and other payments); ) in-kind assistance (fuel, food, clothing, footwear, medicines and other types of in-kind assistance). Social assistance performs the function of assistance for poverty to certain groups of the population in extreme conditions; is in the nature of periodic and one-time monetary supplements to pensions and benefits, in-kind payments and services in order to neutralize critical life situations, unfavorable economic conditions. Social assistance (support) is carried out at the expense of local authorities, enterprises (organizations), non-budgetary and charitable foundations in order to provide targeted, differentiated assistance to those in need. Social security is a system of legal, economic and organizational measures created by the state that are aimed at compensating or minimizing the consequences of changes in the material and (or) social position citizens, and in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, other categories of individuals due to the occurrence of circumstances recognized by the state as socially significant (insurance risks). Social insurance - part state system social protection of the population, the specifics of which is the insurance of working citizens against a possible change in material and (or) social status, including due to circumstances beyond their control. Compulsory social insurance is a system of legal, economic, organizational measures created by the state aimed at compensating or minimizing the consequences of changes in the material and (or) social status of working citizens, and in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, other categories of citizens due to their recognition as unemployed, industrial injury or occupational disease, disability, illness, injury, pregnancy and childbirth, loss of a breadwinner, as well as the onset of old age, the need to obtain medical care, sanatorium - resort treatment and the onset of other established insurance risks subject to compulsory social insurance. Today in the Russian Federation there are 4 types of compulsory state social insurance: ) pension insurance; ) social insurance in case of temporary disability; ) social insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases; ) health insurance; The most important component of the social protection of the population is the institution of social work bodies. The purpose of their activity is to carry out the policy of the state aimed at establishing stable and orderly relations between different levels organizational system designed to shape social relations in society, to provide citizens with potential life benefits to meet their needs, to develop economic independence in management. The objects of management in the system of social protection of the population are institutions and organizations, labor and educational teams of this system, as well as relations between people. The subjects of management are bodies directly involved in the problems of social assistance to the population (ministries, committees, departments, administrations, departments of social protection of the population, labor collectives). The main function of bodies, institutions of social protection of the population (SPS) is to improve the activities of its various structural elements, regulated by certain norms and controlled by social institutions to ensure the achievement of goals. Main levels of social work bodies: federal level (republic); labor collective; non-state (charitable) public organizations; An important role in the system of social protection of the population is played by trade unions, administration and various forms of self-government in labor collectives. In general, the purpose of the social protection system is manifested in its general functions: The economic function is expressed in the provision of material support by citizens in a difficult life situation, in promoting the development of social production in general and individual industries. National economy, economic recovery of priority development zones. A political function aimed at bringing together the social level of various segments of the population, creating conditions that ensure a decent life for every person. It is designed to stabilize social relations. The demographic function contributes to stimulating the growth of the country's population, the reproduction of a healthy generation, and the growth of life expectancy. Social - rehabilitation function is associated with meeting the needs of the elderly and disabled citizens. It is expressed in the creation of conditions conducive to the preservation of their legal status and health care for all citizens. The first direction of social protection is the social protection of children, childhood and adolescence, which is focused on creating conditions for the life and development of children that allow all children, regardless of which family they were born and live in, to have the best opportunities for maintaining health, material well-being, free accessible education, preschool and school education, harmonious spiritual and moral development, realization of one's abilities. The second direction of social protection is the social protection of the able-bodied population, designed to “provide for the creation of conditions that ensure a balance of rights, duties and interests of citizens, when a person can fully realize the ability to be economically independent, while not infringing on the interests of fellow citizens and participating in social assistance needy." Labor, its remuneration and, as a result, monetary savings, acquired securities and real estate should become the main sources of income and social well-being of a person. A working person must be sure that the most difficult life situations - illness, a temporary period of unemployment or other problems that infringe on his economic independence and social well-being, will be overcome if he makes his own efforts, since there are all conditions for this in the country. The third direction of social protection is the social protection of disabled citizens, which should be aimed at the humanization of all spheres of life of these people. It is unacceptable that any of them feel like an extra person, burdening loved ones, society. Everyone should, as long as possible, retain the desire and ability to live in a family, actively participate in the economic, political, cultural development of society, enjoy all its benefits and, if possible, increase them. The fourth direction of social protection is the social protection of the family. Social protection of the family at the present stage is the most developing direction social protection, since it is in the family that all the social problems characteristic of the modern Russian society, and these problems are always specific, as they are directly related to the type of family. The organization of the implementation of these areas of social protection of the population is determined by normative - legal framework social protection of the population in the Russian Federation. 2 Basic principles for municipal management in the development of social protection of the population One of the main tasks of local governments is the formation and implementation of municipal social policy. Municipal social politics- this is a system of goals, objectives and mechanisms for their implementation, aimed at providing the population with social services, at the maintenance and development of the social sphere municipality. Municipal social policy is built in line with the social policy of the state and in cooperation with the authorities state power, primarily with the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Through the municipal social policy, both the own powers of local self-government and the state powers transferred to the municipal level in the social sphere are implemented. Municipal social policy is aimed at providing the population with social services, at the maintenance and development of the social sphere of the municipality. Municipal social policy is built in line with the social policy of the state and in cooperation with public authorities. Social policy is carried out through the interests of people and acts as a management of interests. When developing social policy, priorities should be determined, which at this particular moment are the most urgent and urgent for society, requiring a priority decision. Municipal social policy is implemented through social planning and management through a system of social events and programs conducted by federal, regional and local authorities. The municipal level is called upon to specify the methods, methods and mechanisms for achieving the goals defined in the framework of federal and regional social policy, in relation to the characteristics of specific territories. The task of local governments, as the closest to the population, is the direct provision of a range of social services that ensure the living conditions of a person and his reproduction. On the basis of regional norms and standards, local governments can develop local social norms and standards that take into account the specifics of a particular municipality. The actual volume of social services provided to the population by local governments is as follows: comprehensive centers social services for veterans and others social groups; social rehabilitation centers and social shelters for minors; orphanages; centers of psychological and pedagogical assistance to the population and so on. Local self-government bodies also carry out activities and maintain organizational structures to combat drug addiction, child homelessness, promote the organization of employment of the population, participate in the preparation and registration labor agreements between labor collectives and employers on the territory of municipalities, in resolving labor disputes. Local self-government plays an important role in the implementation of one of the main tasks of our time - combining the interests of the state, society and the individual into a single whole, since the main meaning, the essence of local self-government is to harmonize the rights and freedoms of man and citizen at the level of each individual individual with the interests of the state and society. It is this orientation of local self-government that meets the ideas of a modern democratic legal social state, the highest value of which is a person, his rights and freedoms. Local self-government must be considered as a multifaceted, multidimensional and multifaceted social phenomenon. Modern local self-government should be considered as a mechanism for the interaction of territorial communities and the state, main task which is the reconciliation of relevant interests. The formation of local self-government is a task not only of local self-government itself, but also of state power at all its levels. The development of local self-government is impossible without the support of the state, its political decisions based on civil initiatives of the population. Currently, the formation of local self-government is hampered by a number of unresolved problems related to the imperfection of the current legal framework, including: the lack of federal regulatory legal regulation that ensures the clear implementation of a number of norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation on local self-government; the absence of a clear normative legal division of powers between public authorities and local governments; internal inconsistency and lack of system in the legislation of the Russian Federation on local self-government; the inefficiency of legislative support for the financial and economic independence of municipalities; imperfection of the system of judicial protection of the interests of local self-government. Thus, if we look broadly at the designated problem of interaction between the state and local self-government, then we can interpret the bodies government controlled and local governments as elements of a single system social management, public authority, ensuring the vital activity of society as a whole. The larger the state, the more difficult it is to confine ourselves to centralized bureaucratic management, the more necessary elements of self-government are included in general management. According to the Constitution, the issues of joint jurisdiction include the coordination of health matters; protection of the family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood; social protection, including social security. Such a relationship between state and self-government principles is due to deeper and more objective factors, including the degree of socio-economic maturity of society, the ratio and arrangement of social groups - class, estate, ethnic, etc., the nature of their struggle or cooperation, spiritual, national, cultural traditions, features of the geopolitical position, historical development, the demographic state of society, etc. At present, the organization of self-government has become one of the most important political tasks. The task of local self-government is to provide social comfort to every member of society, to realize the main slogan of the social state about creating a decent standard of living for a person. This is the social meaning and purpose of local self-government in today's conditions. CHAPTER 2 Federal and regional legislation, municipal and state regulations governing relations in the development of social protection of the population 1 Powers in the field of social protection of the population Legal science uses the term "powers" to characterize the rights and obligations of any body, official, fixed legal documents. If the definition of the jurisdiction of the authority gives an answer to the question in which areas of local life it is competent, then the rights and obligations characterize the limits of the capabilities of the authority of a particular area of municipal relations in a given period of time. For the first time, the concept of “powers of local self-government bodies” is mentioned in Article 12 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, in accordance with which local self-government bodies have the authority to independently resolve issues of local importance, and can also be vested with separate state powers. The powers of local self-government are a list of specific rights and obligations necessary for solving problems and implementing functions local self-government in specific areas of life and on the territory of municipalities. The competence of local self-government bodies is to provide social support to the population. Local authorities have the right to establish additional payments to pensions and benefits at their own expense. The Federal Law of August 2, 1995 "On Social Services for Elderly and Disabled Citizens" defines the rights of local governments to create a municipal sector of social services. It includes local social service administrations and institutions of municipal subordination that provide social services.(Annex 1) Local social service management bodies are responsible for ensuring its quality and accessibility, for the development of the municipal sector of social services in their jurisdictions, and also ensure compliance with state standards for the quality of social services in the municipal and non-state sectors of social services. Local self-government bodies provide municipal social service institutions with premises for the organization of social services, and also allocate space for the creation specialized industries, for the employment of the disabled and the elderly. Local self-government bodies have the right to create municipal centers of social services in the territories under their jurisdiction. Municipal social service centers organize practical and coordinating activities to provide various kinds social services. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 8, 1997 No. 36 approved the Approximate Regulations on the Center for Social Services for Elderly Citizens and the Disabled. In accordance with it, this center is a non-profit organization created in the form of a social service institution, which is under the jurisdiction of the social protection authorities of the population of the constituent entities of the Federation or municipal social protection authorities. It carries out organizational, practical and coordination activities for the provision of social services to elderly citizens and the disabled in the territory of the municipality. The centers are created, reorganized and liquidated by the executive authorities of the subjects of the Federation or local self-government in the territory under their jurisdiction. Municipal social service centers are engaged in identifying elderly citizens and disabled people in need of social services, determine the types of social services necessary for them, ensure their provision in semi-stationary and non-stationary conditions, provide urgent social services, and also provide social and advisory assistance to the population. 2 Legislation of the Sverdlovsk region in the field of social protection of the population Social assistance is "a system of social relations that develops between citizens (families) with an average income below the subsistence minimum, and state bodies regarding the provision of cash payments, in-kind payments and services to citizens (families) in excess of their earnings, scholarships, pensions, benefits etc., in order to provide them with a living wage and meet their basic needs. Social support includes measures to provide assistance to persons (families) who have an income not lower than the subsistence level, but who need additional support due to a difficult life situation. In accordance with the Federal Law "On the General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation", social support is included in the jurisdiction of local self-government. In the Sverdlovsk region, a number of laws have been adopted that establish the powers of local governments in the field of social security for the population. Regional law "On the provision of state social assistance in the Sverdlovsk region to low-income families, low-income citizens living alone, rehabilitated persons and persons recognized as victims of political repression, and other categories of citizens and the provision of social guarantees to low-income families, low-income citizens living alone." as amended on October 29, 2007 N 126-OZ (as amended on February 4, 2013) where local governments are entrusted with practical work to collect information for the regional data bank on those in need of social assistance. This work must be carried out in accordance with the guidelines approved by the regional administration. Social assistance is provided in order to maintain the standard of living of low-income families, as well as low-income citizens living alone, whose average per capita income is below the subsistence level established in the Sverdlovsk Region; (Appendix 2) Improving the legislative regulation of the mechanism for exercising the powers of local governments in the field of social protection will enhance the role of local governments in the implementation of the social policy of the Russian state. 3 Municipal regulations on the powers, functions, and tasks of the Ministry of the Sverdlovsk Region in the field of social protection of the population One of the main regulatory documents in the field of social protection of the population is the “Regulation on the Ministry of Social Policy of the Sverdlovsk Region” dated May 12, 2012 N 485-PP. IN general position The Decree states that the Ministry of Social Policy of the Sverdlovsk Region (hereinafter referred to as the Ministry) is a regional executive body of state power of the Sverdlovsk Region, which is part of the structure of the executive bodies of state power of the Sverdlovsk Region, participating in the implementation of a unified state policy in the field of social security and exercising powers and functions for providing public services and management in the social sphere within its competence, as well as coordinating in this area, within its competence, the activities of other executive bodies of state power of the Sverdlovsk region. The Ministry is the authorized executive body of state power of the Sverdlovsk region in the field of social protection of the population. In its activities, the Ministry is accountable and controlled by the Governor of the Sverdlovsk Region and the Government of the Sverdlovsk Region, and for the implementation of the laws of the Sverdlovsk Region - by the Legislative Assembly of the Sverdlovsk Region. The Ministry in its activities is guided by the Constitution The regulation also states that the Ministry: organizes social support and social services for elderly and disabled citizens, citizens in difficult life situations, as well as orphans, street children, children left without parental care (with the exception of children studying in federal educational institutions), social support for labor veterans, persons who worked in the rear during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, families with children (including large families, single parents), victims of political repression, poor citizens and other categories of citizens in accordance with current legislation; exercises control over the implementation by local self-government bodies of municipalities located on the territory of the Sverdlovsk region of the state powers transferred to them to provide compensation for expenses for paying for housing and utilities in the form of checks, including selective checks, of information necessary to calculate the amount of subventions from the regional budget to the budgets of municipalities located on the territory of the Sverdlovsk region, compliance with the procedure for providing these compensations, including checks carried out in connection with the appeals of citizens or organizations, order spending subventions; And develops, with the participation of the regional executive bodies of state power of the Sverdlovsk region, proposals on the main directions and priorities of the state social policy in the field of providing social support measures to socially vulnerable categories of citizens based on an analysis of the socio-economic development of the Sverdlovsk region; organizes the collection, analysis, synthesis of information and analytical materials and the formation of a database on socially unprotected categories of citizens, as well as persons entitled to receive state social assistance in accordance with applicable law; Carries out organizational and methodological management of the departments of social protection of the population and subordinate institutions social services, ensures the implementation of activities to develop their network and strengthen the material and technical base; etc. CHAPTER 3. Development of the system of social protection of the population in the Sverdlovsk region, the city of Nizhny Tagil 3.1 Regional target program "Social protection of the population and social support for the disabled in the Sverdlovsk region" for 2011-2015 In accordance with the resolution of the Sverdlovsk region dated December 30, 2011 No. 1858-PP on the approval of the regional target program"Social protection of the population and social support for the disabled in the Sverdlovsk region" for 2011 - 2015: The purpose of the Program is to create conditions for the development of a system of social protection and social support for certain categories of citizens in the Sverdlovsk region. The main goal of the social and economic development of the Sverdlovsk region for 2011-2015 is to improve the quality of life and welfare of the population based on the sustainable growth of the economy of the Sverdlovsk region. In the Sverdlovsk region as of January 1, 2010, 346,039 people (7.2% of the population) have the status of a disabled person. The indicator of full rehabilitation of disabled people over the age of 18 is 5.45%, partial rehabilitation - 15.7%. The number of newly identified children - orphans and children left without parental care (2008 - 3947 people, 2009 - 3884 people), and the share of social orphans in the total number of children left without parental care (2008 - 87.4%, 2009 - 89%). According to the Main Directorate Federal Service Execution of sentences in the Sverdlovsk region, annually 10-12 thousand people are released from places of deprivation of liberty, of which up to 30 percent are persons without a fixed place of residence. In the Sverdlovsk region there are more than 5,000 citizens who became disabled due to injury (wounds, injuries, contusions) or diseases received during their military service. Social support for veterans has always been one of the priorities in the activities of the Governor of the Sverdlovsk Region and the Government of the Sverdlovsk Region. At present, a tense situation has developed in the Sverdlovsk region in matters of inpatient social services for elderly and disabled citizens, citizens suffering from chronic mental illness, who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and need constant outside care, according to the conditions of their placement in regional inpatient social service institutions. Charity is the most important instrument of social policy. Through charitable work: the state receives additional resources to conduct an effective social policy; organizations and citizens not only solve their social problems, but also get new opportunities for self-realization and active participation in the life of the community; The introduction of modern automated processes in the system of social protection of the population of the region requires the renewal of a significant part of the physically and morally obsolete computer park, since the available equipment does not allow working with modern software systems due to their weaknesses specifications and conduct information exchange data, including in in electronic format. In addition, the exchange of personal data, which is an integral part of the activities of the system of social protection of the population, requires the creation of secure communication channels and ensuring their reliable functioning. As of January 01, 2011, more than 35 thousand people were kept in the institutions of the Main Directorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service (hereinafter - GUFSIN), of which only 15 percent of the special contingent were involved in paid labor. In 9 divisions of the GUFSIN there are no institutions of primary vocational education, which limits the opportunity for convicts to obtain a profession. Every year about 1,000 people are released from places of deprivation of liberty in the Sverdlovsk region without a profession. To solve the above problems, the program-target method is used as a way to solve large and complex problems by developing and implementing a system of program measures focused on goals, the achievement of which ensures the solution of the problems that have arisen. The program-target method belongs to the category of problem-oriented, closely related to the solution of urgent, large-scale, long-term problems. The expediency of solving problems by the program-target method is explained by the following reasons: ) scale, high economic significance. Disabled people, other low-mobility groups of the population, citizens released from places of deprivation of liberty, and persons without a fixed place of residence and occupation, orphans and children left without parental care, and other categories of citizens are interested in its solution; ) complexity of problems. It is required to solve various problems of a legal, financial, informational, organizational, investment nature; ) duration of problem solving. The problem can be solved over a number of years through the implementation of projects that are interconnected in terms of goals, in respect of which monitoring, control and evaluation of achievement should be carried out. targets, indicators, as well as the efficiency of using financial resources. The main risks associated with the program - target method of solving problems are as follows: ) inefficient management of the Program may lead to failure to achieve the goals and objectives of the Program; To minimize the possible negative consequences of solving the problem by the program-target method, it is necessary to take a number of measures, such as: ) monitoring the progress of the implementation of the activities of the Program, the implementation of the Program as a whole; ) wide involvement of the public in the implementation and evaluation of the results of the implementation of the Program; ) publicity of interim reports and annual progress reports on the implementation of the Program. Insufficient consideration of the results of monitoring studies of the progress of the Program implementation can significantly affect the objectivity of decision-making when planning program activities, which will lead to their lack of linkage to the real situation. Mistakes in the choice of mechanisms for managerial correction of program activities can lead to insufficient coordination of the activities of customers, misuse of budget funds or their inefficient spending. Given the ongoing improvement in the economic situation in Russia and the Sverdlovsk region, economic risks can be considered moderate. (Appendix 3) 3.2 The system of social protection of the population in the city of Nizhny Tagil Social protection in Nizhny Tagil, as well as throughout the world, is a system of measures aimed at providing and supporting the population. Each person has his own destiny, and in everyone's life certain kinds of problems can happen, which the social protection of the population is just able to solve. There are a number of special departments in Nizhny Tagil that provide various support to the townspeople. First of all, this is the department for the payment and assignment of social benefits and compensations in Nizhny Tagil. Social protection of the population in this case specializes in providing material assistance, for example, to pregnant women. The payment of social benefits and compensations is included in the mandatory measures to provide assistance to needy and eligible citizens. The department of guardianship and guardianship in Nizhny Tagil resolves issues related to the adoption of a non-native child into the family, who, as they say, “may become a family”. Social protection in this case extends both to guardians and to the minor citizen himself, over whom guardianship is established. The family policy department also plays important role in the social protection of Nizhny Tagil. The family in our country is considered as the main unit of society, therefore it is extremely important for the state to provide assistance and support to families. Social protection within the framework of family policy in Nizhny Tagil implements measures to improve conditions and improve the quality of life. All of the above departments make up the Department of Social Protection in Nizhny Tagil. Currently, 361,881 citizens live in the city, of which about 80 thousand are people retirement age(about 60,000 women aged 55 and over, about 20,000 men aged 60 and over); 25,406 citizens have a different disability group, of which 1,510 are children aged 0 to 18; 34937 residents have the title of "Veteran of Labor"; 6730 citizens have certificates of "Home Front Worker"; 2300 rehabilitated. On the territory of the city there are 1005 large families in which 3271 children are brought up. The category of single mothers is made up of 3914 women who are raising 4464 children. The work of two municipal institutions - "Health Center (sanatorium - dispensary) "Sosnovy Bor", "Center for work with veterans", is aimed at providing social services for residents of the municipality. Currently, municipal target programs have been developed and are being implemented: · "Older generation" (2012-2014); Measures to provide the population with social services since 2006 are part of the state social policy measures, the main factor of social development that affects the improvement of the social health of public life, and also contributes to the prevention of the risk of poverty for older people. A prerequisite contributing to the effective solution of the problems of the formation of social infrastructure is the coordinated activity of state, public institutions and citizens acting within their powers and capabilities. law In the implementation of the priority direction of development of the city of Nizhny Tagil in order to improve management efficiency social processes first of all, the social need for the development of additional measures to state support vulnerable groups of the population for whom this assistance is vital. Since 2009, comprehensive measures to minimize the problems of the elderly population of the city have been solved using the program-target method - Decision Social significance of the Program Taking into account that the content and priority of measures to support older citizens are in direct connection with the system of strategic goals of the Sverdlovsk region, recognizing that the problems of older people have objective reasons, are of a long-term nature, require the search for additional material, human and other resources - the formation of an ideological , legal and economic mechanisms for supporting older people, enhancing their social participation in public life for the period up to 2014 is expected under this Program. (Appendix 4) · Comprehensive program for the demographic development of the city of Nizhny Tagil for the period up to 2015 "Tagil family". (Annex 5) Adopted at the municipal level "Concept Today, at the municipal level, there are several concepts for the development of social sectors, a number of municipal targeted programs have been adopted and are being implemented, relating to the problems of the family, motherhood, health, development physical culture and sports, youth, education, culture, directly related to the problems of demography. At the same time, the adopted federal and regional documents set the task of fundamentally changing the foundations of demographic policy in order to improve the demographic situation and, in general, improve the quality of life of the population and save the population. Therefore, it is relevant, timely and necessary to link together the existing array of concepts and plans in the light of the goal. The Program takes into account the provisions of the Program Conclusion In conclusion of the course work, it should be noted that the importance of the development of the system of social protection of the population can hardly be overestimated, wherever such a policy is carried out in this area. Social protection in any state is a complex system of socio-economic relations designed to provide comprehensive assistance to disabled or partially able-bodied persons, as well as families whose able-bodied members' incomes do not provide a socially necessary standard of living for the family. Effective social protection presupposes the implementation of a policy that adequately responds to the social well-being of people, capable of capturing the growth of social discontent and social tension, and preventing possible conflicts and radical forms of protest. The sphere of social policy is a part of the state policy, which, by its actions, softens Negative consequences individual and social inequality, socio-economic upheavals in society. The state plays an important role in organizing the social protection of the population, organizing pension services and providing benefits, social services, social assistance to families and children, preparing legislation on social protection of the population, provisions on the basics of social policy, social standards and recommendations for the development of regional social programs, providing foreign economic and international cooperation, analyzing and forecasting the standard of living of various categories of the population. Social protection of the population includes social security, social insurance and social assistance, consistent with the social policy of the state, which, according to the Constitution, is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person. The main forms of social protection of the population are pensions, social benefits, benefits for especially needy categories of the population, state social insurance, and social services. The main principles of social protection of the population are humanity, social justice, targeting, comprehensiveness, ensuring the rights and freedoms of the individual To solve the tasks set for the development of social protection of the population in the city of Nizhny Tagil, it is necessary: improving the procedure for interaction in the field of social policy between federal executive authorities, regional executive authorities, local governments, enterprises and organizations of various forms of ownership; increasing the responsibility of all authorities for its implementation; development of the non-state sector in the social protection of the population; improving personnel policy in the system of social protection of the population, including increasing the social protection of social workers; organization of licensing activities of non-state structures, individuals and public services engaged in the provision of social services to the population; ensuring the maximum implementation of the adopted federal and regional programs of social protection of the population, as well as raising the minimum wage, bringing it as close as possible to the subsistence level of an able-bodied person. The effectiveness of local administrations performing their functions can be assessed through the end result of the administration's activities - improving the quality of life of the population. The effectiveness of the administration is greatly influenced by the human factor, first of all, the personality of the head of administration. With the most perfect organizational structure and an insufficiently qualified head of administration, it will work inefficiently and, conversely, a competent head of administration is able to significantly improve its work in any organizational structure. But, improving the activities of the administration only creates prerequisites, and in itself does not guarantee an increase in the quality municipal services, since here the initial state of the economy and the social sphere of the municipality, as well as the personal qualities of the organizers and specific service providers, will play an important role. List of used sources and literature Sources 1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation (adopted by referendum on December 12, 1993) (as amended on December 30, 2008). Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation". Federal Law of December 10, 1995 N 195-FZ (as amended on July 23, 2008). The federal law. “On social services for the elderly and disabled” dated 08/02/1995 N 122-FZ (as amended on 11/21/2011). 4. Federal Law of May 8, 2010 No. 83 FZ “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Improvement of the Legal Status of State Municipal Institutions”. Decree of July 08, 1997 N 36 "On the Approval of the Model Regulations on the Center for Social Services for Elderly and Disabled Citizens." Decree of the Government of the Sverdlovsk Region of May 12, 2012 N 485-PP “On Approval of the Regulations on the Ministry of Social Policy of the Sverdlovsk Region” (as amended on July 5, 2013). Charter of the Sverdlovsk Region dated December 23, 2010 Regional law "On the provision of state social assistance in the Sverdlovsk region to low-income families, low-income citizens living alone, rehabilitated persons and persons recognized as victims of political repression, and other categories of citizens and the provision of social guarantees to low-income families, low-income citizens living alone." as amended on October 29, 2007 N 126-OZ (as amended on February 4, 2013) 9. Decree of the government of the Sverdlovsk region of 11.10.2010 No. 1469-PP On approval of the regional target program "Social protection of the population and social support for the disabled in the Sverdlovsk region" for 2011-2015 (as amended by the Decree of the Government of the Sverdlovsk region of 18.09.2013 No. 1147 -PP<#"justify">Literature 12. State and municipal administration. Handbook / Ed. N.I. Glazunova, Yu.M. Zabrodina, A.G. Porshnev. - M.: Master, 2008. - 345 p. Organization of work of social security bodies. Savinov A.N. Textbook - M: INFRA-M, 2009. Fundamentals of state and municipal government: systems approach. comp. Radchenko A.I. Textbook. - Rostov-on-Don: AOOT "Rostizdat", 2007. - 458 p. Law and social protection of the population (social security) - Lepikhov M.I. - M: INFRA-M, 2007. Social security law. Suleimanova G.V. Textbook for high schools. - Rostov-on-Don:. "Phoenix", 2009. Social security law: Gusov K.N. Textbook -M; INFRA-M, 2009, 4th edition. Dictionary - reference book on social work / Ed. E.I. Single. - M.: Lawyer, 2008. - 424 p. The system of municipal government: Textbook for universities / Ed. V.G. Zotova - St. Petersburg: Leader, 2010. - 493 p. Social work / Under the general editorship of V.I. Kurbatov. Series "Textbooks, teaching aids" - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2008. Social Encyclopedia / Ed. count A.P. Gorkin, G.N. Karelova, E.D., Katulsky and others - M: Bolyi. Ros. Ents-ya, 2000. (p. 345),
UDK 364 BBK 60.82
ON SOME FEATURES OF THE PROVISION OF SOCIAL ASSISTANCE AT THE MUNICIPAL LEVEL
N.L. Tropnikova, Ph.D.
O.I. Chirkova, Ph.D., Associate Professor, South Ural Institute of Management and Economics E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
annotation
The article analyzes the relevance of providing social support to the population at the municipal level, taking into account changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation. The experience of local self-government bodies of the city of Murmansk in the area under study is considered.
Keywords Keywords: local self-government, social support, municipal target program, accessible living environment.
As you know, there are three main levels of social policy, differing in goals, functions, subjects and implementation mechanisms. At the federal level, a regulatory and legal framework is being developed, basic laws are being adopted, and a system of relationships between subjects of different levels is being formed. At the same level, the budget is approved, which is aimed at the implementation of centralized financing of social development areas, in addition, lists of categories of the population are determined, which are provided with social protection and are responsible for this by the federal authorities. At the level of regional social policy, tasks are solved to ensure a comprehensive, balanced development of territories. In general, certain provisions of federal decisions are concretized and supplemented with specific content, and mechanisms are developed for linking these decisions to regional issues. The local level makes it possible to specify to a much greater extent the methods, methods and mechanisms for achieving the goals that are defined within the framework of federal and regional social policy1.
Among the tasks of municipal social policy, it is necessary to single out the organization of social protection of the population. The significance of this activity of local governments is determined, firstly, by the fact that it is the municipal authorities that are closest to the problem of poverty. Secondly, knowledge of local practice makes it possible to more accurately take into account the real possibilities of municipalities in the implementation of social support for the population.
Considering social assistance as an activity aimed at providing support to people who find themselves in a difficult life situation, it should be noted that at the municipal level this activity is carried out in the form of providing social services on the basis of municipal institutions of social support, social services, organization of guardianship and guardianship of minors and others
With the entry into force of federal law No. 131-FZ “On the general principles of organizing local self-government in the Russian Federation” dated 06.10.2003, issues of social support for the population were excluded from the list of issues of local importance and referred to the competence of subjects of the Russian Federation2. The list of social services provided in the field of social protection of the population at the municipal level has been significantly reduced.
At the same time, today local governments play a significant role in almost all issues of social protection. For example, they are primarily responsible for providing federal benefits.
legislation, housing subsidies and local benefits, and also implement a targeted approach to organizing social assistance. It is at the municipal level that the recipients of assistance are specifically identified - low-income families, low-income citizens living alone. The conditions for its provision are determined - the onset of a difficult life situation, the criteria for granting - income below the subsistence level and types of assistance - monetary, in-kind, assistance in the form of services.
The law reserves the right of local self-government bodies to exercise certain powers that are not related to issues resolved at the municipal level. Based on regional norms and regulations, local governments can develop local social standards, norms and regulations that take into account the specifics of the municipality.
The law also provides for a mechanism for the transfer of certain state powers to local governments. The transfer of these powers is carried out through the adoption of a law by the subject of the Russian Federation, which lists the transferred powers, issues of financing the transferred powers, control over their execution. As a rule, the following powers are transferred: to organize guardianship and guardianship of minors, social support for large families, foster families, guardians and trustees of minors, orphans and children left without parental care. Therefore, municipalities have the opportunity to work on organizing a system of social protection for the population of their territories.
Despite the fact that the powers to organize the provision of social services are assigned by law to the competence of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in the municipalities of some constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the work of complex centers of social services for the population (for example, in the Astrakhan, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novosibirsk, Tyumen regions), providing social services for the elderly and the disabled, people with disabilities, children and families with children, people in difficult life situations. Local self-government bodies can provide certain categories of citizens with benefits for servicing and receiving services in municipal institutions social sphere of social orientation (in municipal institutions of healthcare, education, culture, municipal pharmacies, etc.). For example, the goal of the Murmansk Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population (briefly - Murmansk KTSSON) is to provide citizens recognized as in need of social services with social services aimed at improving their living conditions. To achieve the goal, the specified institution carries out the following main activities in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation: social services at home; social services in a semi-stationary form. In accordance with these types, the main Murmansk KTSSON provides the following services in a semi-stationary form and in the form of social services at home: social services; socio-psychological services; social and medical services; socio-pedagogical services; social and labor services; social and legal services; services to increase the communicative potential of recipients of social services with disabilities, including children with disabilities; urgent social services3.
In this regard, in the current conditions, there is a need to generalize the experience of municipalities in the social support of the population of their territories.
All of the above fully applies to the municipal formation of the urban district of Murmansk.
The city of Murmansk is the administrative center of the Murmansk region, as well as one of the centers of the Barents Euro-Arctic region. We also note that the area of the territory of the municipality of Murmansk is 155 square meters. km, which is 0.1%
territory of the Murmansk region. The city includes three administrative districts - Leninsky, Oktyabrsky and Pervomaisky. The population of the city is 298,096 people.
The local governments of the city of Murmansk, despite changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation, understand the importance of issues of social protection of the population, and exercise the right to provide additional measures of social support for certain categories of city residents at the expense of the budget of the municipality.
One of the mechanisms for the implementation of municipal social policy used by the administration of the city of Murmansk is the development and implementation of municipal targeted programs. The municipal target program is a set of measures agreed upon in terms of goals, deadlines, material and technical support, and performers. As a rule, the implementation of programs is aimed at achieving the goals and solving problems of the socio-economic development of the municipality. The procedure for the development and adoption of municipal target programs is approved by local governments.
The main municipal program (MP) in the field of social protection of the population of the city of Murmansk is the municipal program "Social Support" for 2014-2019.
MP "Social Support" for 2014-2019 designed to reduce the main socio-economic problems of the population and ensure the most effective protection of socially vulnerable categories of the population.
The main objectives of the municipal program include the following4:
Ensuring the development of family forms of placement and the provision of measures of social support to orphans and children left without parental care, to persons from among them;
Ensuring the availability and quality of additional social support measures;
Ensuring the implementation of measures in the field of providing the population of the city of Murmansk with additional measures of social support and the provision of social assistance;
Improving the efficiency of the implementation of the rights to measures of social support for certain categories of citizens in connection with the abolition of the urban-type settlement Roslyakovo;
Formation of conditions for unhindered access of disabled people and other low-mobility groups of the population to social and transport infrastructure facilities in the city of Murmansk.
For the implementation of activities in 2016, the budget of the municipality of Murmansk provided funds in the amount of 470,051.6 thousand rubles. They include funds from the budgets of the municipality, as well as the regional and federal budgets. As the analysis showed, in 2016 funds in the amount of 463,918.9 thousand rubles or 98.7% of the total amount of planned funds were disbursed for the implementation of program activities5.
In addition, a number of subprograms are being implemented as part of the municipal target program:
Subprogram "Providing measures of social support to orphans and children left without parental care, persons from among them" for 2014-2019;
Subprogram "Additional measures of social support for certain categories of citizens" for 2014-2019;
Subprogram "Creating an accessible environment for people with disabilities and other people with limited mobility in the city of Murmansk" for 2017-2019.
So, for example, the goals of the subprogram "Providing measures of social support to orphans and children left without parental care, persons from among them" for 2014-2019. are:
Ensuring the development of family forms of device;
Provision of measures of social support to orphans and children left without parental care, persons from among them.
For the implementation of the activities of the subprogram in 2016, the budget of the municipality of Murmansk provided funds in the amount of 393,101.3 thousand rubles. In fact, 390,527.5 thousand rubles were disbursed. or 99.3% of the total planned funds.
The analysis of the implementation of the activities of the subprogram showed that by the end of 2016, the total number of orphans and children left without parental care was 1,394 people. This is less than a year ago by 3.5% and indicates a positive trend in work to support children and families in difficult life situations. In addition, the results obtained testify to the improvement of work on family placement of children left without parental care. On the whole, purposeful work with families at an early stage of the crisis makes it possible to preserve the birth family for children, to reduce the number of parents who have limited parental rights or are deprived of parental rights.
It should be noted that the provision of social support measures for orphans and children left without parental care, in accordance with federal law, is one of the obligations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Therefore, funds are provided to municipalities (urban districts) in the form of subventions from the regional compensation fund. This approach makes it possible to fully provide measures of social support to children of the above category during their stay in the family of the guardian (custodian), foster parent.
At the end of 2016, the number of foster parents who received payments amounted to 165 people (112.2% of the plan). As you can see, the payment to persons providing social and post-boarding patronage was carried out in full. In addition, a monthly housing and communal payment was provided, it was provided to 561 orphans and children left without parental care (96.7% of the plan). 111 apartments were purchased with total area 3,380.7 sq.m for orphans and children left without parental care. This measure was completed in 2016 by 122%. In 2016, 13 apartments were repaired (100% of the planned number), assigned to orphans and children left without parental care. The analysis showed that the implementation of the activities of the subprogram in 2016 was carried out in accordance with the approved work plan.
The next subprogram "Additional measures of social support for certain categories of citizens" for 2014-2019. designed to ensure the availability and quality of additional social support measures.
This subprogram contains additional measures of social support for citizens, which are aimed at overcoming a difficult life situation. In this case, the self-government bodies of the city of Murmansk implement a targeted approach to the organization of social assistance.
Able-bodied citizens, families with children who, for reasons beyond their control, have an average per capita income below the subsistence level established in the Murmansk Region, need additional measures of social support. These include large families; non-working pensioners; disabled people; families with disabled children; incomplete families; veterans of the Great Patriotic War.
Today, the number of applications for financial assistance of these categories of citizens is quite large. In practice, most often people apply for payment for expensive medicines, medical services, and the purchase of basic necessities.
For the implementation of these activities in 2016, the budget of the municipality of Murmansk provided funds in the amount of 39,405.6 thousand rubles.
In fact, 39,066.7 thousand rubles were disbursed. or 99.1% of the total planned funds.
In 2016, the following activities were implemented6:
Financing of public works - 150 people were employed (100% of the plan);
Provision of material assistance to persons in difficult life situations (for the purchase of medicines, essentials, medical services, for the execution of identity documents, the purchase of travel documents) - 2,697 people were covered (99.9% of the plan);
Provision of material assistance to the disabled - 179 people covered (89.5% of the plan);
Providing one-time material assistance to participants and invalids of the Great Patriotic War in connection with the celebration of Victory Day, 236 people were covered (100% of the plan);
Organization of events for the repair of apartments of veterans of the Great Patriotic War - 6 apartments were repaired (40% of the total number of those in the queue for repair work);
Implementation of the provision on the title "Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Murmansk".
In general, the implementation of the activities of the subprogram "Additional measures of social support for certain categories of citizens" for 2014-2019. was carried out in 2016 in a timely manner, in accordance with the approved work plan.
Particularly noteworthy is the role of the subprogram "Creating an accessible environment for the disabled and other people with limited mobility in the city of Murmansk" for 2017-2019.
The problem of creating an accessible living environment for the disabled and other people with limited mobility is currently quite relevant. This is explained by the presence of social structure society of a significant number of persons with signs of disability. In Murmansk, their number is more than 12.4 thousand, which is about 4% of the total urban population. In addition, when speaking about the problem of accessibility of urban infrastructure facilities, one should not forget about other so-called low-mobility groups of the population: the elderly, small children, mothers with prams, etc.
In this regard, the city administration has formed a working group to assist in creating conditions for the formation of a barrier-free living environment accessible to disabled people and other people with limited mobility in the territory of the municipality of the city of Murmansk. The working group coordinates activities within the framework of this subprogramme.
Table 1 presents the main activities of this subprogramme7.
Table 1 - Activities of the subprogram "Creating an accessible environment for the disabled and other people with limited mobility in the city of Murmansk"_
Equipment technical means rehabilitation, adaptation of the design of buildings, interior spaces Measures to improve accessibility to transport infrastructure facilities Provision specialized services Other
Equipment of buildings (structures) with external and internal ramps - arrangement of parking spaces for the disabled - provision of services (medical, household) at home - provision of material assistance to the disabled
Installation of specialized handrails (handrails) - commissioning of specialized Vehicle- provision of adapted services by cultural institutions - assistance in social and labor rehabilitation of young disabled people
Installation of lifting devices (elevators), personnel call devices - equipping traffic light facilities with the Triol sound system - development and implementation of social actions in order to additionally support certain categories of citizens - holding cultural, leisure and sports events
Repair of stairs, equipping objects with a specialized coating - monitoring compliance with the needs of people with limited mobility in the design of construction and repair of buildings
The implementation of the above measures will make it possible by 2020 to increase the number of facilities where conditions have been created for barrier-free access for people with disabilities and people with limited mobility.
The formation of an accessible living environment in the city of Murmansk is the most important condition and means of providing disabled people with equal opportunities to participate in public life with other citizens. In addition, the implementation of the activities of the subprogram will create the necessary conditions for people with disabilities to participate equally in the life of society.
Summing up, we note that the implementation of the activities of the MP "Social Support" for 2014-2019. in 2016 it is characterized by a high level of efficiency and is rated with the highest score - 5.
The same high appraisal was given to two subprograms: “Providing measures of social support to orphans and children left without parental care, persons from among them” and “Additional measures of social support to certain categories of citizens”.
Table 2 below presents the results of assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of the municipal program "Social Support" for 2014-2019. at the end of 2016
In the table, the designation "DIP" means an assessment of the achievement of the planned values of indicators (indicators) of the municipal program, subprogram, and the designation "PF" - the assessment of the completeness of financing of the municipal program, subprogram8.
Table 2 - Results of evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of the municipal program at the end of 2016_
Program name DIP PF Explanations
High level of efficiency Score - 5 points
MP "Social Support" for 2014-2019 1.01 0.90 The program is characterized by the full achievement of the planned indicators with a part not being mastered financial resources
Subprogram "Providing measures of social support to orphans and children left without parental care, persons from among them" for 2014-2019. 1.03 0.99 Score - 5 points
Subprogram "Additional measures of social support for certain categories of citizens" for 2014-2019. 0.99 1.00 Score - 5 points
So, the analysis of the progress of the implementation of the municipal program and subprograms showed that all activities were basically completed by 100%. The following activities have not been fully implemented:
Provision of financial assistance to persons in difficult life situations (for the purchase of medicines, essentials, medical services, for the execution of identity documents, the purchase of travel documents) - 2,697 people were covered (99.9% of the plan);
Providing financial assistance to 179 disabled people (89.5% of the plan; the total number of disabled people who received material assistance was determined on the basis of petitions from public organizations).
In addition, following the results of 2016, additional measures of social support were provided to 5,775 citizens.
At the same time, despite the fact that the implementation of social support measures for the population of the city of Murmansk makes it possible to ensure the protection of socially vulnerable categories of the population, the issues of further improvement of the activities of the administration of the city of Murmansk in this area remain relevant.
In this regard, the local authorities of the city of Murmansk consider the following areas of work in the field of social protection of the population as priorities:
1. Creation of a barrier-free environment for the disabled and other people with limited mobility in the city of Murmansk.
The implementation of measures to adapt the living quarters of the disabled and common property in the homes in which the disabled live, taking into account the needs of the disabled, continues. Conditions for the accessibility of living quarters for the disabled are also provided.
2. Increasing the availability and quality of municipal services in the social sphere based on a gradual increase in the access of socially oriented non-profit organizations(SO NCOs) to budgetary funds allocated for the provision of social services to the population.
It should be noted that back in December 2014, in the Budget Address of the President of the Russian Federation on budget policy in 2014-2019. the task was to expand the involvement of non-governmental organizations. The solution of this problem is aimed at removing obstacles to the access of non-governmental organizations to the provision of municipal services, as well as at increasing the availability and quality of the provision of municipal services. Later, in 2016, the Russian Federation adopted a number of comprehensive documents that expand the access of socially oriented non-profit organizations to the provision of public services in the social sphere, provided at the expense of the budget.
Currently, 1040 non-profit organizations are registered in the Murmansk region, of which 119 NPOs (about 18%) operate in the field of social services, social support and protection of citizens. Main number
non-profit organizations are located in the city of Murmansk, where more than 62% of the total number of NGOs are concentrated. Now, a working group has been created under the administration of the city of Murmansk to develop the non-municipal service sector in the social sphere. It is responsible for developing, implementing and monitoring the implementation of an action plan (“road map”) to support SONCO access to the provision of social services. For example, in 2016 the Murmansk City public organization veterans of war and military service (the project "Veterans are always in service" - 115 thousand rubles).
3. Preparation and implementation of municipal-private partnership (MPP) projects.
At the same time, it is taken into account that partnership projects in the field of social support and protection of citizens are mainly of a local nature, implemented at the local territorial level, and, as a rule, the municipal administration acts as their initiator. Therefore, the formation of a regulatory framework is of particular importance, which helps to reduce risks and resolve controversial issues that arise in the process of project implementation. To this end, the Murmansk city administration has prepared regulations, draft regulations, establishing the procedure for implementing projects. The Rules for the interaction of a public partner were approved, authorized body, structural subdivisions of the administration of the city of Murmansk in the development of proposals for the implementation of the municipal-private partnership project.
Thus, the local governments of the city of Murmansk provide conditions for the most effective protection of socially vulnerable categories of the population, taking into account changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation. Further implementation of priority areas will contribute to the improvement of the system of social protection of the city's population, and hence the formation of a strong and socially effective local self-government, the preservation of social stability in the municipality of the urban district of Murmansk.
Notes
1 Volgin A.N., Egorov V.K. Social policy in municipalities. - M.: Alfa-Press, 2012. S.25 568 p.
2 Federal Law of October 6, 2003 N 131-F3 (as amended on July 29, 2017) “On the General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” (as amended and supplemented, effective from August 10, 2017) // Published on the SPS Consultant+ website URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_44571/
3 Official site of the Murmansk complex center of social services for the population. URL: http://kcson-murmansk.ru/
4 On approval of the Municipal program of the city of Murmansk "Social support" for 2014-2019: Decree of the administration of the city of Murmansk dated November 12, 2013 No. 3232 (as amended by the Decree dated December 20, 2016 No. 3845) // Administration of the city of Murmansk. URL: https://citymurmansk. ru/strukturnye_podr/?itemid=3 0#descr.
5 On approval of the report on the implementation of municipal programs of the city of Murmansk in 2016: Decree of the administration of the city of Murmansk dated March 31, 2017 No. 877 // Administration of the city of Murmansk. - Electronic text. Dan. -URL: http://ritymurmansk.ru/strukturnye_podr/?itemid=30#descr.
6 On approval of the report on the implementation of municipal programs of the city of Murmansk in 2016: Decree of the administration of the city of Murmansk dated March 31, 2017 No. 877 // Administration of the city of Murmansk. -URL: http://citymurmansk.ru/strukturnye_podr/?itemid=30#descr.
7 On approval of the Municipal program of the city of Murmansk "Social support" for 2014 - 2019: Decree of the administration of the city of Murmansk dated November 12, 2013 No. 3232 (as amended by the Decree dated December 20, 2016 No. 3845) // Administration of the city of Murmansk. - URL: https://citymurmansk.ru/strukturnye_podr/?itemid=30#descr.
8 On approval of the report on the implementation of municipal programs of the city of Murmansk in 2016: Decree of the administration of the city of Murmansk dated March 31, 2017 No. 877 // Administration of the city of Murmansk. -URL: http://citymurmansk.ru/strukturnye_podr/?itemid=30#descr.
SOME FEATURES OF THE SOCIAL ASSISTANCE AT MUNICIPAL LEVEL
N.L. Tropnikova, PhD. econ. Sciences O. I. Chirkova, PhD. ped. Sciences, associate professor South-Ural Institute of Management and Economics, E-mail: [email protected]
The article analyzes the relevance of the provision of social support to the population at the municipal level, taking into account changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation. The experience of local authorities of the city of Murmansk in the study area.
Keywords: local government, social support, municipal target program, accessible environment of life activity.
The social policy of the municipality includes structural elements: social security, social assistance, social support, social services and social work.
Certainly central to modern conditions occupies the policy of social protection of the population of the municipality.
This is due to a protracted socio-economic crisis that caused an increase in the number of low-income and poor individuals, socio-demographic changes that caused the aging of society, an increase in the number of disabled people in it, etc. In addition, the change in the mentality of the population, the gradual strengthening of humanistic, democratic attitudes, causes an increase in interest in each individual, puts forward high demands on his social well-being.
Modern sociological theories view poverty as an absolute and relative concept. Absolute poverty is defined by the minimum level of income necessary to sustain life; relative - when comparing different population groups. Therefore, even if an individual has an income that exceeds what is necessary to maintain life, but is lower than the income of the rest of the members of society, then he can be considered as poor. In this case, with the growth of the wealth of society, the level that determines the poverty line also increases.
Social protection of the municipality, as well as social policy, applies to all categories of the population, including its able-bodied part.
A broader concept of social protection is due to the fact that it is (more precisely, should be) predominantly preventive, preventive in nature, in order to protect people from difficult life situations, preventing their occurrence.
At the same time, in relation to the able-bodied, social protection of a municipality is understood as a system of legislative, economic, socio-psychological guarantees that provides them with equal conditions for improving their well-being through personal labor contribution, economic independence and entrepreneurship; At the same time, in relation to such socio-demographic groups as children, youth and women, the state is obliged to develop and consolidate a legislative system of guarantees that ensure social justice for this category of the population, taking into account their social status and socio-psychological characteristics.
Social protection of the municipality, as social institution, which is a set of legal norms designed to solve certain social and economic problems at the municipal level, in the international context, it usually deals with categories of citizens established by law who, due to disability, lack of work, or for other reasons, do not have sufficient funds to meet their vital needs and the needs of disabled family members. Within the framework of the social protection systems of the population of the municipality, such citizens are provided with compensatory assistance in cash and in kind, as well as in the form of various types of services, in the event of adverse events established by law.
In addition, the systems of social protection of the population of the municipality carry out preventive measures aimed at preventing adverse events. Social protection of the population of the municipality is carried out in various organizational and legal forms, including such forms as the individual responsibility of employers, insurance, social insurance, targeted social assistance, state social security, etc. the use of certain organizational and legal forms of social protection may have various social and economic consequences, which must be taken into account when managing this industry.
At the same time, the social protection of the population of the municipality, being a fairly integral system in its functional nature, has its own specific features associated with the technology of the services it provides.
The technology for granting pensions differs significantly from the technology for providing medical care, social rehabilitation technologies, or technologies for providing unemployed citizens.
In order to understand the state of development of the institution of social protection in Russia and develop a national policy regarding the ways of its further development in our country, it seems necessary first of all to note that although such an institution exists in Russia and plays an extremely important role in the life of Russian citizens, its development, to a certain extent, is carried out spontaneously, without a proper idea of what tasks and how it should solve and what its organizational structure should be, both in terms of organizing a system of legal norms, and in terms of administrative structure of this institution, designed to develop and implement in practice the legal norms of this institution.
At present, the institution of social protection of each municipality is characterized by the totality of the types of social protection it covers and the organizational and legal forms used.
Types of social protection of the population of the municipality are shown in Figure 1.1.
Rice. 1.1
The main organizational and legal forms of social protection of the population of the municipality are shown in Figure 1.2.
Social protection of the population of the municipality is also provided for families with low per capita incomes that do not provide the socially necessary subsistence minimum, which usually results in the lack of means of subsistence or funds to pay for life. significant goods and services.
Rice. 1.2
The object of social protection of the population of the municipality are:
First, the entire population of the municipality. In this case, the social protection of the population of the municipality involves ensuring the safety of the lives of the people of the municipality; creating conditions for the realization of interests and needs, self-realization, spiritual development, strengthening the physical and moral health of the population.
Secondly, certain groups and strata of the population of the municipality, for example, social protection of municipal employees, military personnel, educators, etc.
Thirdly, socially vulnerable groups of the population of the municipality: children, large families and asocial families, the disabled, pensioners, the unemployed, etc.
Based on this, the goal of social protection of the population at the municipal level is also determined - getting rid of absolute poverty (when the average total family income is below the subsistence level), providing material assistance to the population in extreme conditions, and assisting in the adaptation of socially vulnerable groups of the population to the conditions of a market economy.
Consider the principles on the basis of which the system of social protection of the population is built and operates at different levels:
1) The principle of social expediency. According to him, the contingent of the protected in society should be strictly delimited by those categories of the population who are completely or partially deprived of the ability to work and self-sufficiency. Violation of this principle leads to weakening and complete extinction work motivation and the growth of the army of dependents.
2) The principle of economic efficiency. It is expressed in the optimal ratio of the volume of social expenditures and the amount of deductions for their financing. The amount of social benefits should not create a situation where receiving benefits is preferable to receiving wages.
3) The principle of economic justice. It is expressed in the economic protection of both entrepreneurs, active participants in the economic process, and those who, for objective reasons, are outside the production and market activities.
4) The principle of priority state principles in the social protection of the population. According to this principle, in our country it is the state that acts as the main guarantor economic security a socially acceptable standard of living for those who cannot achieve it on their own due to objective reasons.
5) The principle of economic independence of local authorities. It is implemented on the basis of the delimitation of economic powers of subjects of the federal and local levels. Social benefits and other payments at the federal level should be guaranteed at a minimum level, and all payments beyond that should be made from the local budget and local social insurance funds.
The goal and result of the activity of social protection of the population of the municipality is the social security of the individual.
Social services - actions to provide assistance to the client of the service in accordance with the types of social services. Services can be paid and free.
Free services are provided:
citizens incapable of self-service due to age, illness, disability and having incomes below four minimum wages;
citizens who are in an emergency situation due to unemployment, natural disasters, catastrophes, accidents, forced migration;
minors - orphans and neglected;
families in which the total income of each family member is less than four minimum dimensions wages.
State authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local self-government may establish additional grounds for granting free services. Paid social services in the state and municipal social services are provided in the manner prescribed by current legislation, and in private and other services - independently or on a contractual basis.
Social services to the population are provided by various types of institutions of social protection of the population of the municipality: complex centers of social services; territorial centers of social assistance to families and children; social rehabilitation centers for minors; social shelters for children and teenagers; night stay houses; gerontological centers, etc. .
These institutions occupy an important place in the system of public relations.
The institution of social protection of the population is not only an organizational structure integrated system social protection of the population, but also an acting subject in the system of public relations of the state. Therefore, it is exposed to numerous factors that determine the life of society as a whole.
For the institution of social protection of the population, these factors are factors environment that affect it directly or indirectly.
These factors include ideology, politics, culture, economics, demography, finance, law, technology, social organization society, natural and climatic conditions, etc.
In addition, the activities of social protection institutions are affected by competition, as well as by such permanent market players as customers and suppliers.
During the transition period, many environmental factors change significantly. These changes require, in turn, changes both in the institution itself and in its activities.
The activities of social protection institutions can indirectly affect various factors of their environment, influencing the nature of the development of politics, law, economics and other public institutions.
So, in modern conditions, the policy of social protection of the population occupies a central place. This is due to a protracted socio-economic crisis that caused an increase in the number of low-income and poor individuals, socio-demographic changes that caused the aging of society, an increase in the number of disabled people in it, etc. Social protection is predominantly preventive, preventive in nature, with the aim of protecting people from difficult life situations, preventing their occurrence.
Social protection as a social institution, which is a set of legal norms designed to solve certain social and economic problems, in the international context usually deals with categories of citizens established by law who, due to disability, lack of work, or for other reasons, do not have sufficient means to meet their vital needs and the needs of disabled family members.
Social protection is an important but very difficult economic and political task for the government, especially for municipalities, because they are closest to the territory, to a specific person (despite the fact that today the social protection bodies are part of the government). In total, there are 256 categories in the Russian Federation that are eligible to receive social support. An analysis of the effectiveness of social assistance shows that only 19% of the total amount of social benefits and payments falls on the share of the poorest segments of the population.
Today, the authorities are faced with a large number of questions:
What is "poverty", what is its threshold?
What income to consider when determining eligibility for social assistance?
Should one-time allowances, loans, credits, insurance payments, income from subsidiary farming be taken into account?
How to account for income from secondary employment or odd jobs?
How to eliminate social dependency? etc.
Answering these and many other questions requires clarity of concepts, the development of certain principles and a comprehensive program of social work based on them, and a system for training personnel working in this area.
On the territory of the municipality, social protection institutions are represented by social protection or social service centers, social protection institutions, social security departments, labor and employment departments, night stays, centers for social assistance to families and children, shelters, etc.
The main goals of social protection on the territory of the municipality: a) ensuring the reproduction of generations, including children, the elderly; b) providing guarantees to able-bodied citizens in case of illness, injury, injury, pensions and other risks; c) elimination of absolute poverty;
Local self-government bodies can develop and implement local targeted support programs from the municipal budget and with the help of attracted funds. Example: Until recently, housing subsidy programs could serve as an example. This is one of the few mass programs to provide targeted social assistance with a clear link to the level of family income.
The organization of work by the authorities on social protection of the population is extremely important today, but in order to be effective, it is necessary to have a comprehensive program of the executive authorities of the subject and municipal authorities in the field of social protection of the population.
Trends in the provision of social assistance and planned expenditures in this area are determined by the development of the economy of the subjects of the federation and their municipalities, so each municipality should develop dynamically in all areas: industry, services, social sphere, etc.
Chapter 2. Analysis of the management of social security and social protection of the population in the city of Dzerzhinsk
2.1 Socio-economic characteristics of the city of Dzerzhinsk
The city of Dzerzhinsk is the second largest city in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The results of socio-economic development of the urban district of the city of Dzerzhinsk for January-June (1st half of the year) 2012 indicate the formation of the necessary conditions for the restoration of the economy and the standard of living of the population.
According to the results of the 1st half of 2012, the commercial turnover of large and medium-sized organizations of the city increased by 22.9% compared to the corresponding period of 2011 and amounted to 26.6 billion rubles.
The basis of the city's economy is industry, consisting of 46 large and medium-sized enterprises. About 36.1 thousand people are employed at industrial enterprises, which is 32.6% of those employed in the city's economy. The dominant position in terms of the volume of shipment of products of own production in the industry is occupied by manufacturing industries (77.3%). The population of Dzerzhinsk has a downward trend. As of July 1, 2012, the population of the city was 254,937 people. Dynamics of the number of Dzerzhinsk for 2002 - 2011 shown in fig. 2.1.
Rice. 2.1 Dynamics of the population of the city of Dzerzhinsk for 2002-2011, thousand people
The state of the labor market is of no small importance for the characterization of the city. In most types of economic activity, the number of employees continues to decline, but the rate is lower than the same period in 2011. .90 thousand people) and amounted to 54,701 people. Most high level The reduction in the number takes place in manufacturing industries (by 4.7% or 1.23 thousand people) and in their composition in the chemical industry, where the number is reduced by 0.82 thousand people or 4.7%.
The situation on the labor market is improving, the unemployment rate is decreasing, but its value is still higher than before the crisis. In June 2012, the number of officially registered unemployed decreased by 173 people. As of 07/01/2012, 1510 unemployed people were registered in the employment center of the city of Dzerzhinsk, the unemployment rate is 1.3, which is below the regional average.
The value of the subsistence minimum per capita in June 2012 amounted to 5280.71 rubles. and decreased over the month by 0.8%. The value of the subsistence minimum for the second quarter of 2012 - 5287.44 increased by 7.6% or 374.46 rubles compared to the corresponding period in 2011. The living wage for the able-bodied population in June amounted to 5637.55 rubles, for pensioners - 4294.86 rubles, for children - 5221.22 rubles.
Thus, the socio-economic characteristics of the city shows that in the first half of 2012 the city's industry showed a stable positive growth trend.
One of the main positive aspects in the reporting period is the increase in real wages - by 4.2%.
Budget revenues increased relative to January-June 2011 by 15.2%, expenditures - by 4.2%. Budget surplus - 114.7 million rubles.
The consequences of the crisis affected the financial condition of enterprises - losses doubled, profits decreased by 31.3%, which in turn had an impact on the investment activity of enterprises - investments decreased by 35.8%. The social passport of the city of Dzerzhinsk is presented in the Appendix.
Thus, it is clear that in the city of Dzerzhinsk there are a large number of categories in need of social protection.
