Every specialist has the right to expect to work in a safe environment. If the process labor activity is fraught with risks of injury and damage to health, such workers receive additional compensation and benefits. Who legally determines the level dangerous factors at the enterprise? Is there an allowance for harmfulness to cooks? Let's take a look at the important details in this section.

Relatively new law under No. 426-FZ entered into force on January 1, 2014. Its introduction canceled the existence of the AWP mechanism (attestation of jobs) and put into effect new regulation negative impact identification working conditions on the human body. A set of measures for assessing workplaces for harmfulness is called SOUT (stands for a special assessment of working conditions) and is carried out exclusively by accredited organizations included in the special register of the Ministry of Health and Social Development.

Important! If the enterprise was certified before 01.01.14 according to the old rules, the results are considered valid for 5 years. The same period applies to the special assessment.

The result of the SOUT is an assessment of the harmfulness of working conditions. If the value of the obtained values ​​is higher than the permissible ones, risk classes are assigned, starting from the 3rd class. Employees receive bonuses for harmfulness, the payment of which must be reflected in the labor or collective agreement. Labor Code of the Russian Federation, namely stat. 92, 117, 147, 219 regulate the features of settlements and provision vacation days workers employed in hazardous industries.

If the enterprise receives a hazard assessment according to the SOUT for the first time, the employer in without fail must make appropriate amendments with the required compensation and guarantees to employment contracts. Yes, stat. 147 of the Labor Code regulates that an increase in wages of at least 4% is due to all employees employed in production with an assigned hazard / hazard class of 3 or 4. The specific amount of salary increases is established directly by the employer, making tax deductions from salary payments to the state budget. Along with allowances, other benefits and compensations are provided - additional leave, early retirement, getting milk, etc.

Types of allowances for harmfulness to cooks

The main compensatory method is a higher wage than for work under normal conditions. The amount is set by calculating the percentage of the surcharge, which is taken into account when calculating remuneration. All additional payments are indicated by the employer in employment contract.

Cooks are entitled to claim the following types of benefits for harm:

• Paid additional leave - for a period of at least 7 days (calendar) provided annually. It is possible that a certain amount of total work experience will be required to apply for this leave. If this requirement is not met, the calculation of days is made in proportion to the time of work.
• Free receipt of products and things determined by law - personal protective equipment, milk for neutralization harmful effects dangerous factors on the body of the cook.
• Early receipt pension payments– pension benefits are provided for some specialties provided for in the List of difficult/harmful professions. To apply for an earlier retirement, it is also necessary to work out the total length of service for a period of 15/20 years for women / men.
• Shortened working day - maximum 36 hours weekly according to stat. 92 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

Harmful working conditions are understood as a set of factors that manifest themselves in production activities which can have a negative impact on the health of personnel. In order to determine the presence of harmfulness, as well as its degree, attestation (assessment) of workplaces is carried out. The main method for certification (assessment) are measurements.

Availability on manufacturing plant harmful working conditions implies the emergence of the employer's obligation to compensate employees for work in such conditions. Compensation is provided through the provision of benefits (for example, in the form of a reduced working day, additional leave, special meals, protective equipment, vouchers to a sanatorium) and cash compensation payments. Their provision is the obligation, not the right of the employer.
It should be remembered that the presence of harmful working conditions limits the possibility of hiring women for certain positions (Article 253 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). By virtue of Article 265 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, it is prohibited to use the labor of persons under 18 years of age in work with harmful conditions. Lists of jobs that require harmful factors are approved in the regime determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

What kind of work is considered harmful

Among the factors that determine the presence of a negative impact on the health of employees, it should be noted that the standards are exceeded in relation to:

• the severity of labor, which implies increased physical stress on the human body;
• labor intensity, which implies an increased load on the sensory organs and the central nervous system;
• external factors affecting the worker's body (temperature environment, wind speed, air humidity);
• sound, ultrasonic and vibration impact;
• infrared and ultraviolet radiation;
• radioactive contamination;
• x-ray radiation;
• exposure to electric and magnetic fields;
• illumination level;
• the level of concentration of chemicals, bacteria, microorganisms.

According to the whole complex of signs that negatively affect employees, working conditions are usually divided into 4 groups by law. Based on this, they can be:

• optimal;
• admissible;
• harmful;
• dangerous.

The degree of impact on workers of harmful factors can be different. In cases where it exceeds certain values, the existing working conditions are recognized as harmful. It is considered that when labor functions in such conditions, the risk of getting occupational ailments increases significantly.

Harmful Conditions it is necessary to allocate, drawing the border from dangerous conditions. It is customary to talk about hazardous conditions when personnel are exposed to factors that directly have a negative impact on their health. An example in this case is the work of painters in paint shops. If such employees have the necessary protective kit, the conditions in which they work are recognized as harmful. Working without a protective kit implies hazardous working conditions.

In order to establish whether the working conditions at a particular workplace are dangerous or harmful, activities are carried out for attestation of workplaces. Within their framework, environmental parameters are measured, as well as a comparison of the results obtained with the standards. The list of harmful professions is set out in Decree No. 10 of January 26, 1991 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR.
It should be borne in mind that the title of the positions of specialists performing work in hazardous conditions must exactly correspond to their designation in qualification guides. These directories comply with Decree No. 10 of January 26, 1991 and, in turn, are subject to approval by the Government of the Russian Federation. If the job titles of specialists do not correspond to the information set out in the mentioned directories, these specialists may lose allowances, preferential length of service, as well as other preferences that are due to these categories of employees.

Features of wages in hazardous and hazardous industries

The regulation of work processes, payments and the provision of additional benefits to workers employed in hazardous industries is carried out by articles 219, 92, 117, 147 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. In particular, in accordance with the requirements set forth in Article 147 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, in 2018 employees have the right to receive additional payments for work in hazardous conditions. It should be noted that, by virtue of Art. 219 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the establishment of allowances is guaranteed only to persons directly performing work with a negative impact production factors. Thus, persons exposed to the negative impact of negative factors can expect to receive higher wages.

Each employee who performs his labor functions under the negative influence of production factors has the right to expect to receive these payments, which are a bonus to wages, if it was established based on the results of certification activities before the beginning of 2014. This threshold was set due to the fact that until 2014 there were rules requiring mandatory certification of workplaces in order to determine the presence of harmful and dangerous factors.

Federal Law No. 426-FZ dated December 28, 2013 replaced attestation with an assessment of the working conditions of personnel. At the same time, by virtue of Part 4 of Art. 27 named normative act Employers have the right not to inspect those places of work of personnel that were assessed less than 5 years ago. The law contains an exception to this rule: earlier than 5 years, only those jobs are assessed where an additional unscheduled analysis of the existing state of working conditions is needed.

Refusal to provide employees performing their labor functions in harmful conditions with the required additional payment is recognized as a legislative violation and is the basis for bringing employers to legal liability.

How to calculate the amount of the surcharge

In Russia, the size of the minimum payments to employees who carry out their labor functions under the influence of harmful factors is legally fixed. Thus, the amount of additional payment in this case cannot be less than 4% of the salary, which is established for specific types of work performed under normal conditions.

As a basis for calculating the additional payment for harmfulness, it is customary to use model provision on the assessment of working conditions, introduced on 03.10.1986. In accordance with it, the following calculation algorithm is used:

1. Identification of the hazard class by comparing the established maximum permissible indicators with the hazard parameters that actually exist in a particular production.
2. Recalculation of the hazard classes of production (established in the reporting documents for certification or assessment of working conditions) into points based on the following table:



Class 3.1	Class 3.2	Class 3.3	Class 3.4



3. Establishment of the period of influence of negative factors. The amount of the additional payment is formed taking into account the period of actual stay in the zone of influence of the negative factor.
4. Determination of the amount of additional payment for harmfulness to a particular employee. When setting the interest rate, the totality of all negative factors is taken into account. In this case, the data of the following table should be used as a guideline in the calculation:

The right of the employer is to increase the percentage of the additional payment specified in the law, taking into account the severity and harmfulness of the conditions in which the employee performs his labor functions. The specification of the size of such allowances is subject to fixing in special documents, such as:

• individual labor contracts;
• collective agreements;
• local regulations.

The formation of these documents in terms of establishing increased allowances for work in harmful conditions should be carried out taking into account the financial and economic situation of the organization.

In addition to cash payments, specialists performing labor functions under the influence of harmful factors have the right to demand:

• cuts working week up to 36 hours;
• provision of additional annual leave for a period of 7 days or more.

In addition to the mentioned types of compensation, the legislation (Article 222 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) provides for the issuance of special food products to employees exposed to negative factors during work. In particular, it is the responsibility of the employer to provide milk or equivalent food products workers in hazardous industries.

Representatives of:

• state examination of working conditions (according to part 2 of article 216.1 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
• tax service in cooperation with SZN specialists (letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 03-05-02-04 / 36 of 04/07/2006).

Accounting for additional payment for harmfulness

The considered additional payments of a compensatory nature, provided for by collective agreements, in accounting are to be reflected as part of the costs for the types of activity profiled for the organization. However, they are subject to reflection on the debit account. 20 "Primary production" and credit c. 73 "Settlements with personnel for other operations."

Can the surcharge be cancelled?

Organizations that have implemented measures aimed at reducing the negative impact of production factors on personnel to an acceptable (permissible) level are exempted from the obligation to pay compensation to employees for work in hazardous conditions. Such activities include actions aimed at:

• effective modernization of equipment, premises and means of labor;
• providing specialists with individual protective kits that help reduce the harmful effects of harmful factors.

If, as a result of the measures taken, the impact on people of harmful factors was not completely eliminated, however, the hazard class was lowered, then employers have the right to reduce the percentage of compensation payments. The decision to provide (or refuse to provide) payments of this nature is made by organizations in the process of reviewing reports on the assessment of the working conditions of employees.

Employees have the right to disagree with the decision of the employer to refuse to provide compensation or with the decision to reduce the hazard class. In this case, the employee may submit an appeal to the supervisory authority with a request to revise the results of measures to assess working conditions.

Conclusion

The presence of harmful working conditions in the organization requires the management of the enterprise to take measures aimed at reducing the negative impact of production factors, as well as providing compensation to employees employed in harmful conditions. Neither employees nor enterprise management bodies have the right to independently determine the presence of harmful factors or the class of harmfulness. This work should be carried out by a special commission within the framework of measures to assess working conditions. The establishment of this fact (harmful working conditions) requires an immediate response from the governing body, namely, ensuring the protection of personnel through the issuance of special protective kits, carrying out modernization measures (creating additional protective screens, ventilation hatches, etc.), establishing compensation.

The main representatives of the staff of catering establishments

The factors with which a person comes into contact in the workplace are of decisive importance in shaping a person's health and have a very large influence on him.

This article will focus on the factors industrial hazard from the staff of the establishments Catering(restaurants, cafes, bars, etc.).

The work of this group of people is directly related to the performance of specific functions of institutions. They are waiters and chefs.

Occupational hazards affecting employees of catering establishments

Factors of industrial hazard that waiters face in the process of work

• work in the night shift with a round-the-clock operation of the institution or work in night hours,
• stress on the nervous system (work stress),
• noise in the restaurant
• load on the musculoskeletal system,
• air pollution by products generated during cooking while staying in the kitchen and tobacco smoke during customer service in the area intended for smokers.

Occupational hazards faced by cooks in the course of their work

• work in conditions high temperatures,
• load on the musculoskeletal system, including that associated with a forced working position,
• air pollution by products formed during cooking,
• contact with other allergenic and irritating substances,
• night shift work,
• lifting and moving weights.

The severity of the impact of a particular factor is different for each workplace and is assessed during the so-called special assessment of working conditions (1, 2).

The impact of night shift work

Night shift work is considered to be staying at the workplace and performing labor functions from 22.00 to 06.00.

The main mechanism of the influence of work at night is a violation of the normal functioning of the epiphysis (pineal gland). There is a failure of the rhythm of sleep / wakefulness and contact with natural light, a violation of the normal daily rhythm of the synthesis of the main hormone secreted by the pineal gland.

This hormone is called melatonin. Deviation in its release leads to disruption of the normal functioning of the nervous, endocrine and immune systems (7, 8).

In addition to diseases associated with disorders of the nervous system (sleep disorders, hypertension, neuroses), night shift work can also lead to secondary immune deficiency and even to oncological diseases (lung cancer, prostate and rectal cancer, lymphomas and some other diseases ) (7, 14).

Impact of stress

In addition, contact with, for example, pineapple can also lead to non-allergic contact dermatitis due to the calcium oxalate it contains (10).

Classic allergic contact dermatitis, proceeding according to the fourth type of immunopathological reactions, is possible with chronic contact with, which contain nickel, cobalt, chromium and some other metals in the process professional activity (10).

In addition, there are a number of chronic diseases in the development of which the immune system is involved:

• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and rosacea,
• chronic rhinitis of a non-allergic nature associated with exposure to tobacco smoke,
• chronic conjunctivitis of a non-allergic nature associated with exposure to tobacco smoke.

The presence of such features of work as stress, the need to work in night shifts, work in the absence of natural light (permanent stay in the kitchen or in a warehouse that does not have windows, the location of the institution in the basement), especially against the background of non-compliance with working hours, contributes to the formation of recurrent bacterial and viral infectious diseases (7,8).

Medical examinations of employees of public catering establishments: legal aspects

Thus, employees performing the main functions in public catering establishments are exposed to a whole range of potentially harmful working conditions in the course of work that can cause both chronic somatic and psycho-neurological, as well as allergic and immunopathological diseases.

The severity of various occupational hazard factors is individual for each workplace (1, 2).

Literature

1. Ministry of Health and social development of the Russian Federation: Order of April 12, 2011 No. 302n "On approval of the lists of harmful and (or) dangerous production factors and work, during the performance of which mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations (examinations) are carried out, and the procedure for conducting mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations(examinations) of workers engaged in hard work and work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions.
2. the federal law dated December 28, 2013 No. 426-FZ “On a special assessment of working conditions”
3. Lagutina G.N. Risk factors for back pain. - In the book: Occupational risk for the health of workers (Guide) / Ed. N.F. Izmerova and E.I. Denisov. - M.: Trovant, 2003. - S.315-320.
4. Atamanchuk Aleksey Alekseevich "Occupational hazards as a risk factor for the development of hypertension" 14.02.04 - occupational medicine Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of candidate of medical sciences Moscow - 2013
5. “The fight against harm. or health is more expensive "Journal "Occupational health and safety at industrial enterprises", 2012, No. 7
6. Shumilina E. V. "Features of interpersonal interaction between waiters and customers" FGOU VPO "Volgograd Academy public service» Scientific director- k. psikhol. D., A. V. Yunda
7. Vasiliev A.A. Seasonal and age-related changes in the immune status of the personnel of the Mining and Chemical Combine of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. cand. honey. Sciences Federal State State-financed organization State science Center Russian Federation Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia Moscow 2009. pp. 27 - 49
8. Shuvatova E.V. Clinical and immunological characteristics of the personnel of the Mining and Chemical Plant of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the population living near the production. dis. cand. honey. sci. State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Institute of Immunology of the Federal University "Medical-Biological and Extreme Problems" under the Ministry of Health of Russia Moscow 2004. pp. 11 - 28
9. P.V. Kolkhir Evidence-based allergology-immunology. "Practical Medicine" Moscow 2010
10. Sarah Mattessich; Justin Finch, MD Contact Dermatitis: An Overview Medscape Medical news May 11, 2015
11. Neil Osterweil "Workplace Smoke Exposure High for Blue Collar Workers" Medscape Medical news November 18, 2013
12. Megan Brooks "High Job Stress May Boost Stroke Risk"" Neurology. Published online October 14, 2015
13. Linda Brookes, MSc "Why Should You Care About the Air?" Medscape Family Medicine September 10, 2015
14. Marie-Élise Parent; Mariam El Zein; Marie-Claude Rousseau; et al. "Night Work and the Risk of Cancer Among Men" Am J Epidemiol. 2012;176(9):751-759
15. Nate Seltenrich "Take Care in the Kitchen: Avoiding Cooking-Related Pollutants" Environ Health Perspective. 2014;122(6)
16. Larry Millikan, MD "The Proposed Inflammatory Pathophysiology of Rosacea: Implications for Treatment" Skinmed. 2003;2(1)
17. Susan Breitner; Kathryn Wolf; Annette Peters; Alexandra Schneider "Short-term Effects of Air Temperature on Cause-specific Cardiovascular Mortality in Bavaria, Germany" Heart. 2014;100(16):1272-1280.
18. "Noise-Induced Hearing Loss"
19. Tatiana Cristina Fernandes de Souza; André Reynaldo Santos Périsse; Marisa Moura "Noise Exposure and Hypertension: Investigation of a Silent Relationship" BMC Public Health. 2015;15(328)

1. I work in kindergarten cook. We have passed a test of working conditions for harmfulness, the assessment was 3.2. What benefits can I enjoy with such an assessment. What paid vacation and how many days do I have to rest? Thank you!

1.1. Hello, site visitor, in your case, on the basis of Article 117 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, you are entitled to an additional paid vacation of 7 days, on the basis of Article 147 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the minimum wage increase for workers employed in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions is 4 percent tariff rate(salary.

1.2. Good Morning.
If, according to the results of a special assessment of working conditions, your working conditions are classified as harmful - 3.2., you are entitled to:
- additional annual leave. Annual additional paid leave is granted to employees whose working conditions at their workplaces, according to the results of a special assessment of working conditions, are classified as harmful working conditions of the 2nd, 3rd or 4th degree or dangerous working conditions.
The minimum duration of the annual additional paid leave for employees specified in part one of this article is 7 calendar days(Article 117 of the Labor Code)
- increased wages. The remuneration of labor of workers employed in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions is established at an increased rate. Minimum size increase in remuneration for employees employed in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions is 4 percent of the tariff rate (salary) established for various kinds works with normal working conditions (Article 147 of the Labor Code)

2. Please tell the chef to pay for harm in kindergarten.

2.1. Hello dear site visitor!

It is necessary to look at the results of a special labor assessment at your workplace
(Federal Law "On a special assessment of working conditions" dated December 28, 2013 N 426-FZ) if there is harm, then they are obliged to pay.

3. Is the cook in kindergarten entitled to additional leave for harmfulness.

3.1. --- Hello, yes, additional leave for harmfulness should be laid, and if you refuse to provide it, complain to the State Labor Inspectorate and the prosecutor's office. Good luck to you and all the best.

3.2. Good day!
The presence of hazards in the workplace must be confirmed special assessment working conditions (SUT). Familiarize yourself with the SOUT of your workplace, if the hazard assessment has established and it is recommended to provide additional leave - then you are entitled to such leave.
Good luck and all the best!

3.3. Hello! All additional payments are indicated in the employment contract. Contact the employer, demand attestation of the workplace and the provision of appropriate benefits, incl. granting additional leave.

3.4. Additional leave is granted based on the results of the assessment of working conditions. Then an order is issued and the provision extra days leave for work in harmful working conditions. Review the results of the assessment with the head of the kindergarten. If you are not included in the list, write a complaint to the labor inspectorate and the city health department. You can successfully resolve your issue with legal assistance.
Thank you for using the site!

4. A cook in kindergarten combines 0.5 of the cook's rate. Is harmfulness paid for a combined position?

4.1. For the combination, an additional payment is established, the amount of which is determined by agreement between the employee and the employer. If this is a part-time job, then the harmfulness should be taken into account when paying.

4.2. Payment for harmfulness is established in accordance with a special assessment of labor carried out in the institution, with which you must be acquainted, and if harmfulness is established for your position, then payments should be provided for you.

5. Is a cook in a kindergarten in the Khabarovsk Territory supposed to have 44 days of vacation for the harmfulness of 6 days.

5.1. Hello! If, according to the results of the SOUT, harmfulness is established, then there should be an additional payment.

6. I work as a cook in a kindergarten. There is a surcharge for harm. Tell me I have the right to extra. vacation (6 working days or 7 calendar days?) Thank you.

6.1. Hello! Yes, chefs working directly at the stove are entitled to an additional 6 days of vacation.

7. I work as a cook in a kindergarten. I am paid a small amount for harmfulness (as it is written in the calculation). But I would like to know if we are in the hot grid and I am entitled to an additional 6 days of vacation if I live and work in Sakhalin and so get extra days to the main vacation due to the district coefficient.

7.1. Dear Irina!

Article 117 Labor Code Russian Federation, hereinafter referred to as the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, it is established that annual additional paid leave is provided to employees employed in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions: in underground mining and open pit mining in cuts and quarries, in zones of radioactive contamination, in other jobs associated with adverse effects on human health of harmful physical, chemical, biological and other factors.
The minimum duration of the annual additional paid leave for employees employed in jobs with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, and the conditions for granting it, are established in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation, taking into account the opinion of the Russian tripartite commission for the regulation of social and labor relations.
The basis for classifying working conditions as harmful or dangerous is the certification of workplaces carried out by the employer (Article 212, Part 12, Article 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).
The procedure for attestation of workplaces for working conditions is regulated by Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated August 31, 2007 N 569.
The list of industries, workshops, professions and positions with harmful working conditions, work in which gives the right to additional leave and a shorter working day, approved by the Decree of the USSR State Labor Committee and the Presidium of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions of October 25, 1974 N 298 / P-22 (hereinafter referred to as the List), is applied in the part that does not contradict the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
In the List of industries, workshops, professions and positions with harmful working conditions, work in which gives the right to additional leave and a shorter working day, approved by the Decree of the USSR State Labor Committee and the Presidium of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions of October 25, 1974 N 298 / P-22, there is a confectioner and workers, directly employed at pastry ovens and electric ovens, a cook working at the stove.

Good luck to you.

8. The work of a cook in a kindergarten does not belong to any of the lists of harmfulness. Can't a chef retire early?

8.1. No, it doesn't.
No, he can not.

In the past, the list of hazardous professions was determined by Decree No. 298 / P-22 of the USSR State Committee for Labor, the Presidium of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions of October 25, 1974 (List of industries, workshops, professions and positions with harmful working conditions, work in which gives the right to additional leave). That's why in order to receive benefits, the specialization of the worker had to be in the list No. 298 / P-22.

To date, this list is still relevant in parts that do not contradict the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. For this reason, controversial points often arise, therefore, in practice, it turns out to be quite difficult to determine the rights due to an employee. In this regard, if there is no such profession on the list, but the position is recognized as unsafe by attestation and special assessment, compensation is still due.

Thus, The main legislative acts regulating the harmful sphere of activity are:

1. Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Article 117).
2. Government Decree No. 298/P-22 s last change May 29, 1991
3. Government Decree No. 188. Federal Law No. 426 "On a special assessment of working conditions" .

List of specialties for whom

According to information for 2017, more than three hundred types of activity fall under the category of harmfulness. Deviations real indicators working environment and labor process from the existing standards for occupational health, determine its harmfulness and danger. Four main classes of production conditions identified by the SUT have been identified(special assessment of working conditions):

In industry

According to Decree No. 298 / P-22 ( sections I-XII) of the State Committee for Labor of the USSR, many jobs in industry are harmful. Harmful jobs include:

An example is the activity of a miner, steelworker, miner. And this list is far from complete.

In production and workshops

In this area, the list of specialties is also excessively huge, therefore, it cannot be fully disclosed in this article either. Considering briefly, it can be noted based on Decree No. 298 / P-22 (sections XXII-XXIX, XXX-XXXII, XXXIV-XXXV) of the USSR State Labor Committee. Scroll hazardous work in production and workshops:

• Enterprises for the production of reinforced concrete, glass, cement, stone products.
• Agriculture and national economy.
• Food industry.
• Printing and communication.
• Textile and light industry.

Examples are jobs such as baker, cable worker, concrete finisher, copyist printed forms.

In medicine

For certain categories of medical workers, due to the risk of infection and other dangers from interaction with patients, a third class is also established and additional rest is due. Next medical workers benefits are provided:

• TB care providers.
• Physicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of HIV-infected people.
• Employees working with people with mental disorders (Article 22 of Law No. 3185-1-FZ).

Reference! The number of extra days differs for medical staff depending on the field of medicine. Those who provide mental health care receive more rest (14-35 days) than those who provide TB and HIV care (14-21 days).

Other positions

There are many other positions in various areas human activity that are harmful from various points of view: physical, psychological and others. In accordance with Decree No. 298 / P-22 of the USSR State Committee for Labor (sections XLIII.). Employed in harmful positions can be attributed to people working:

The work of teachers, educators, employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, divers is also considered harmful.

For harm to cooks

The specifics of the cook's work at the stove include a difficult working environment, increased sanitary and hygienic requirements, high level responsibility. All these circumstances explain the inclusion of this position in the list of harmful. Respectively, chefs also need additional vacations.

To determine its duration, they resort to the help of accredited bodies that make a special assessment of working conditions, taking into account factors such as physical activity, temperature, noise level, vibration exposure, etc.

Attention! By law, if the SOUT assigns at least the second degree of harmfulness to the workplace, the cook has the right to an additional vacation of at least 7 days.

Conclusion

All professions are harmful in their own way and to a certain extent negatively affect the health of the worker. But there are certain specialties that are characterized by a particularly detrimental effect on the human body. Therefore, such a negative impact must be compensated, and measures must also be taken to restore the well-being of workers.