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• Introduction
• 2. Analysis of the management system of social protection of the population in the Novoilinsky district of Novokuznetsk
• 2.1 Characteristics of the Novoilinsky district and the population served
• 2.2 Analysis of management performance indicators social protection Novoilinsky district of Novokuznetsk
• 3. Measures to improve the system of municipal management of social protection of the population in the USZN of the Novoilinsky district of Novokuznetsk
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Applications

Introduction

Today, the social protection of the population should play not only the role of social compensation for the poor, but also serve as a certain counterbalance to the rapidly growing wealth inequality. An important problem is the protection of the entire population from progressive impoverishment.

The actualization of the social protection of the population lies in the fact that the concept of "social protection" is associated with the concept of "social care" of the state, when individual assistance to a person, groups of people, organized by professionally trained people and expressed by the concept of "social work", its ultimate goal will have the support of a person's confidence in their abilities, their capabilities. That is why, in recent years, most specialists in the social protection of the population have abandoned such a broad, but vague concept as "social protection of the population", and are increasingly using the term "social support of the population by the state."

One of the ultimate goals of the entire social policy of the population is associated with the concept of independent living, which considers a person and his problems in the light of his civil rights, and not in terms of his personal and social difficulties, and society needs to be oriented towards overcoming physical and psychological barriers in environment through social services, methods and means.

The need for specialization of forms, improvement of methods of social protection, emerging issues of financing the social sphere have led to an increased interest in resolving these problems of many specialists.

In addition, recently there has been more and more talk about the transfer of the main functions of providing social support to the population from the federal and regional levels of government to "places", for example, to municipalities. However, for the most part, the mechanisms of this transmission and the process of implementing social protection of the population, therefore, have not been studied and not defined.

The object of research is the mechanism of municipal management of social protection of the population and social security.

The subject of the study is the development of proposals for improving the system of municipal management of social protection of the population on the example of the Novoilinsky district of Novokuznetsk.

The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for improving the system of municipal management of social protection of the population on the example of the Novoilinsky district of Novokuznetsk.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

to study the theoretical and methodological foundations of social protection of the population in the Russian Federation;

to analyze the activities of institutions of social protection of the population in the Novoilinsky district of Novokuznetsk;

to analyze the mechanism of financing social protection in modern conditions, to find out its functions.

The legal basis for social protection of certain categories of the population is formed by the following laws of the Russian Federation - "On forced migrants", "On employment in Russian Federation", "On the social protection of disabled people", "On social services for the elderly and disabled", "On the basics of labor protection in the Russian Federation", "On the basic guarantees of the rights of the child in the Russian Federation", etc.

Interest in the formation and functioning of the system of social protection of the population at the present stage is shown by many researchers of modern Russian society. So the foundations of the organization of social protection of the population are considered in the works of such authors as M.I. Lepikhov, N. Podshibyakina, V. Sharin and others.

social protection municipal government

The economic foundations of social protection of the population are considered by V.D. Roik, T.S. Panteleeva, G.A. Chervyakov and others.

Main directions and principles social work presented in the works of A.I. Voitenko, E.I. Komarova, A.N. Savinova, P.D. Pavlenok and others.

The practical significance of the work is determined by the fact that the results of the study can be used in the development of social programs, as well as in educational process, V vocational training specialists.

The work consists of three chapters, introduction, conclusion and list of references.

1. Theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of the municipal administration of social protection of the population

1.1 Essence, directions and functions of social protection of the population

Modern Russia is going through a transitional period that has affected all spheres of the country's socio-economic life, causing the emergence of many socially unprotected sections of the population - the unemployed, refugees and internally displaced persons, the disabled, etc. Under these conditions, the social protection of the population, or protection from risks through comprehensive assistance to a person from the state in solving various problems throughout his life, is of key importance, consistent with the social policy pursued in Russia.

In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993, the Russian Federation (RF) was proclaimed a social state. His most character traits are reflected in the ongoing social policy, which, according to Article 7 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person.

Social politics- this is the sphere of practical implementation of the most important function of the state to create conditions that provide each member of society with the realization of his needs, taking into account the value system approved by society, and therefore the center of social policy is always a person who simultaneously acts as its goal, subject and subject.

Social policy is a part of the general policy of the state, which concerns relations between social groups, between society as a whole and its members, associated with changes in the social structure, the growth of the welfare of citizens, the improvement of their lives, the satisfaction of their material and spiritual needs, the improvement of lifestyle.

Social policy is carried out through a system of measures on ethics and morality. Including (the formation and determination of the place of the latter in the life of individual members of society (individuals, families, groups, strata, etc.); on the public and personal life of members of society, including state regulation of the material and cultural environment in which needs are met a person in food, clothing, housing, recreation, entertainment, maintaining health; on socio-psychological characteristics various types individuals, social groups, strata, etc.

As for the social protection of the population, at the present stage it is the most important and priority direction of the social policy of the Russian Federation, being a system of principles, methods, legislatively established by the state social guarantees, activities and institutions that ensure the provision of optimal living conditions, satisfaction of needs, maintenance of life support and active existence of the individual, various social categories and groups; a set of measures, actions, means of the state and society directed against risk situations in the normal life of citizens.

Social protection is a state policy aimed at ensuring social, economic, political and other rights and guarantees of a person, regardless of his gender, nationality, age, place of residence and other circumstances.

Social protection of the population in the broad sense of the word is a set of socio-economic measures carried out by the state and society and ensuring the provision of optimal living conditions, satisfaction of needs, maintenance of life support and active existence of the individual to various social categories and groups, as well as a set of measures directed against risk situations in the normal life of citizens, such as illness, unemployment, old age, death of the breadwinner. It represents a set of measures to ensure a state-guaranteed minimum level of material support for socially vulnerable segments of the population during the period of economic transformation. .

Characteristic of the current stage is the rapid development of the methodology and methods of social protection of the population, which is of great practical and theoretical importance. It should be noted that the methodology of social protection is understood as a system of principles and methods for organizing and building a theoretical and practical activities, directed against risk situations in the normal life of citizens, such as illness, unemployment, old age, disability, death of the breadwinner, and others, and under the methodology - a set of techniques, research methods and operations for the practical and theoretical development of the social protection of the population as a system.

The system of social protection of the population at the present stage includes:

social Security;

social insurance;

social support (help).

Social protection of citizens is carried out at the expense of the federal and local budgets, specially created funds for social support of the population, non-state funds.

The main principles of social protection of the population are humanity, social justice, targeting, comprehensiveness, ensuring the rights and freedoms of the individual.

The need to improve the system of social protection of the population is caused by the transition to market relations in society.

The main goals of social protection of the population are as follows:

1) getting rid of absolute poverty, when the average per capita total family income is below the subsistence level;

2) provision of material assistance to the population in extreme conditions;

3) promoting the adaptation of socially vulnerable groups of the population to the conditions market economy.

So, one of the elements of social protection of the population in the crisis conditions of transition to market relations is social assistance, provision in cash or in kind, in the form of services or benefits provided subject to social guarantees legally established by the state; totality social services, medical and social, socio-economic, social, social, psychological, socio-pedagogical and other support for a person from state and non-state structures during his crisis, in difficult life situations.

Provision of public social assistance carried out in the following ways:

1) cash payments (social benefits, subsidies, compensations and other payments);

2) in-kind assistance (fuel, food, clothing, footwear, medicines and other types of in-kind assistance).

Social assistance performs the function of assistance for poverty to certain groups of the population in extreme conditions; is in the nature of periodic and one-time monetary supplements to pensions and benefits, in-kind payments and services in order to neutralize critical life situations, unfavorable economic conditions. Social assistance (support) is provided at the expense of local authorities authorities, enterprises (organizations), non-budgetary and charitable foundations in order to provide targeted, differentiated assistance to those in need.

Social security is a system of legal, economic and organizational measures created by the state that are aimed at compensating or minimizing the consequences of changes in the material and (or) social position citizens, and in cases stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation, other categories individuals due to the occurrence of circumstances recognized by the state as socially significant (insurance risks).

Social insurance is a part of the state system of social protection of the population, the specifics of which is the insurance of working citizens against a possible change in material and (or) social status, including due to circumstances beyond their control.

Compulsory social insurance is a system of legal, economic, organizational measures created by the state aimed at compensating or minimizing the consequences of changes in the material and (or) social status of working citizens, and in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, other categories of citizens due to their recognition as unemployed, industrial injury or occupational disease, disability, illness, injury, pregnancy and childbirth, loss of a breadwinner, as well as the onset of old age, the need to receive medical care, sanatorium treatment and the onset of other established insurance risks subject to compulsory social insurance.

Today in the Russian Federation there are 4 types of compulsory state social insurance:

1) pension insurance;

2) social insurance in case of temporary disability;

3) social insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases;

4) health insurance.

The most important component of the social protection of the population is the institution of social work bodies. The purpose of their activity is to carry out the policy of the state aimed at establishing stable and orderly links between the various levels of the organizational system, designed to form social relations in society, to provide citizens with potential life benefits to meet their needs, to develop economic independence in management.

The objects of management in the system of social protection of the population are institutions and organizations, labor and educational teams of this system, as well as relations between people. The subjects of management are bodies directly involved in the problems of social assistance to the population (ministries, committees, departments, administrations, departments of social protection of the population, labor collectives). The main function of bodies, institutions of social protection of the population (SPS) is to improve the activities of its various structural elements, regulated by certain norms and controlled by social institutions to ensure the achievement of goals.

Main levels of social work bodies:

federal level (republic);

region;

labor collective;

non-state (charitable) public organizations.

An important role in the system of social protection of the population is played by trade unions, administration and various forms of self-government in labor collectives.

The main functions of the department of social protection of the population at the federal level:

1) organization of pension services and provision of benefits;

2) social service;

3) medical and social expertise;

4) rehabilitation of the disabled and the provision of prosthetic and orthopedic care;

5) social assistance to families and children;

6) preparation of legislation on social protection of the population;

7) foreign economic and international cooperation;

8) development of provisions on the fundamentals of social policy;

9) analysis and forecast of the standard of living of various categories of the population;

10) preparation of recommendations for the development of regional social programs;

11) development of social standards, etc. .

The functions of the management of social protection of the population at the regional (local) level are regulated by higher authorities with a certain independence and include:

1) ensuring and solving production and economic problems;

2) planned and financial and economic activities;

3) creation of various social assistance funds;

4) solution of economic problems, etc. .

Forms of social protection are "reflection in collective agreements of additional measures of social protection, support (payments, benefits, in-kind assistance, etc.) for employees and their families, as well as pensioners at the expense of the relevant funds of enterprises" .

The social functions of the labor collective are:

1) improvement of the material and cultural conditions of people's lives;

2) development of the social structure of the team;

3) improving relations within the team;

4) improvement of social security, healthcare;

5) organization of assistance in family life, leisure activities;

6) observance of the principle of social justice.

Certain functions are performed by various charitable organizations and funds for social assistance to the population:

1) social and medical assistance to the lonely, the elderly, the infirm;

2) b) social rehabilitation of the disabled;

3) c) legal assistance socially needy categories of the population, etc. .

In general, the purpose of the social protection system is manifested in its general functions:

1. economic function is expressed in the provision of material support by citizens in a difficult life situation, in promoting the development of social production in general and individual sectors National economy, economic recovery of priority development zones.

2. political function aimed at bringing together the social level of various segments of the population, creating conditions that ensure a decent life for every person. It is designed to stabilize social relations.

3. The demographic function contributes to stimulating the growth of the country's population, the reproduction of a healthy generation, and the growth of life expectancy.

4. The social rehabilitation function is associated with meeting the needs of the elderly and disabled citizens. It is expressed in the creation of conditions conducive to the preservation of their legal status and health care for all citizens.

The first direction of social protection is the social protection of children, childhood and adolescence, which is focused on creating conditions for the life and development of children that allow all children, regardless of which family they were born and live in, to have the best opportunities for maintaining health, material well-being, free accessible education, preschool and school education, harmonious spiritual and moral development, realization of one's abilities.

State policy in the interests of children is based on the principles of legislative provision of the rights of the child; state support of the family in order to ensure the full-fledged upbringing of children, protect their rights, prepare them for a full life in society; establishment and observance of state minimum social standards of the main indicators of the quality of life of children, taking into account regional differences in these indicators; responsibility officials, citizens for violating the rights and legitimate interests of the child, causing harm to him; state support of local governments, public associations and other organizations engaged in activities to protect the rights and legitimate interests of the child.

Accordingly, the social protection of children and adolescents should effectively protect children of all age groups, as well as periods of development, from social risks.

Of particular importance for the social protection of children at the present stage is the creation of specialized institutions for minors, which are designed to provide assistance to a category of adolescents that previously did not enjoy the attention of the authorities. Abandoned by family and school, they were at best only interested in law enforcement in connection with illegal activities. In violation of international legal norms, children and adolescents who did not commit offenses were often kept for a long time in the reception centers of the internal affairs bodies, waiting to be sent to children's boarding schools.

Thus, the social protection of children and adolescents at the present stage is consistent with the state policy in the field of childhood, which recognizes this period of a person's life as the most important stage, and therefore undertakes to do everything to prepare them for a full life. Social protection of children and adolescents is multidirectional, affecting the most various areas their life activities, however, the priority direction of work is work with children and adolescents suffering from one degree or another of social maladaptation, which leads them to the streets, to drugs, prostitution, etc.

The second direction of social protection is social protection able-bodied population, designed "to provide for the creation of conditions that ensure a balance of rights, duties and interests of citizens, when a person can fully realize the ability to be economically independent, while not infringing on the interests of fellow citizens and participating in social assistance to those in need" . Labor, its remuneration and, as a result, monetary savings, acquired securities and real estate should become the main sources of income and social well-being of a person. A working person must be sure that the most difficult life situations - illness, a temporary period of unemployment or other problems that infringe on his economic independence and social well-being, will be overcome if he makes his own efforts, since there are all conditions for this in the country.

Social protection of the able-bodied population, the protection of their labor are based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Labor Protection in the Russian Federation", adopted on July 17, 1999, and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as laws and other legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The implementation of the main directions of the state policy in the field of labor protection is ensured by the coordinated actions of the state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments, employers, associations of employers, as well as trade unions, their associations and other representative bodies authorized by employees on protection issues labor.

The state implements training programs, vocational training and retraining of workers, as well as guarantees the payment of unemployment benefits and retraining. The state provides citizens who have lost their jobs, laid off from enterprises, organizations and institutions, as well as citizens who are looking for work for the first time or who want to resume labor activity after a long break, compensation, pays scholarships during the period of vocational training, retraining or advanced training; pays unemployment benefits; creates opportunities for participation in paid public works; compensates for expenses in connection with voluntary relocation to another locality at the suggestion of the employment service. Every citizen who has reached the age of 16 and has the status of an unemployed person can exercise the right to receive unemployment benefits or compensation. This right is lost when a citizen reaches retirement age.

Along with labor protection, an important component of the social policy of the state is the protection of the health of citizens. The protection of the health of citizens is a set of measures of a political, economic, legal, social, cultural, scientific, medical, sanitary-hygienic and anti-epidemic nature, aimed at preserving and strengthening the physical and mental health of each person, maintaining his long-term active life, providing him with medical care in case of loss of health.

Thus, we can conclude that the social protection of the able-bodied population should include mechanisms that provide citizens of the Russian Federation with protection from social risks that prevent:

- effective employment of a person;

Providing, in accordance with the law, additional employment guarantees to categories of the population in need of special social protection and experiencing difficulties in finding work, including young people, single parents and large families raising minor children or disabled children, persons of pre-retirement age, military personnel, dismissed to the reserve, the disabled, persons affected by man-made and natural disasters, as well as victims of military conflicts, persons who have been unemployed for a long time, persons serving a sentence or undergoing compulsory treatment by a court decision, etc.;

- payment and receipt wages and all kinds social benefits in the amounts and terms stipulated by the legislation;

- health protection of employees and prevention of unfavorable working conditions;

- provision and receipt of material and other assistance to persons in crisis material and social situations;

- realization by young people of their potential in scientific, cultural and sports plans;

- equal rights for men and women in all matters social life(Firstly we are talking on full de facto equality in wages, promotion, access to education, scientific activities, culture and sports).

The third direction of social protection is the social protection of disabled citizens, which should be aimed at the humanization of all spheres of life of these people. It is unacceptable that any of them feel like an extra person, burdening loved ones, society. Everyone should, as long as possible, retain the desire and ability to live in a family, actively participate in the economic, political, cultural development of society, enjoy all its benefits and, if possible, increase them.

In accordance with Article 2 of the Federal Law "On the Social Protection of the Disabled", adopted on November 24, 1995, the social protection of the disabled is a system of state-guaranteed economic, social and legal measures that provide conditions for the disabled to overcome, replace (compensate) life restrictions and aimed at creating equal opportunities for him to participate in the life of society with other citizens.

Social services for the elderly and disabled is an activity to meet their needs for social services. It includes a set of social care services, catering, assistance in obtaining medical, legal, socio-psychological and natural types of assistance, assistance. In vocational training, employment, leisure activities; assistance in organizing ritual services and others that are provided to elderly citizens and the disabled at home or in social service institutions, regardless of ownership.

The fourth direction of social protection is the social protection of the family, which should provide effective prevention social risks preventing:

- preservation of the institution of the family;

- creating and maintaining a family;

- living in the family of its members suffering from disabilities;

- implementation of measures to provide workers with family responsibilities with such employment conditions that would allow them to combine family and professional responsibilities;

- development and assistance to state and other forms of ownership of institutions and services for child care and family assistance;

- ensuring the right of every woman to the widest possible range of family planning services;

- measures to reduce maternal and child mortality;

- granting women the right to maternity leave;

- granting parental leave to the mother or father (guardian) or, at the discretion of the family, to another relative who actually cares for the child;

- termination labor relations an employer with a woman during her absence from work for the above reason;

- the payment of benefits for child care, pregnancy and childbirth, the receipt by a woman of medical care, including free prenatal medical care, obstetric care during and after childbirth;

- refusal of the employer to hire and reduce wages for women for reasons related to pregnancy and childbirth, the presence of children;

- transfer of pregnant women, as well as women with children under the age of 3, in accordance with medical requirements, for more light work excluding the impact of adverse production factors no reduction in wages;

- development of family leisure and recreation.

Social protection of the family at the present stage is the most developing direction social protection, since it is in the family that all the social problems characteristic of modern Russian society are reflected, and these problems are always specific, since they are directly related to the type of family.

The organization of the implementation of these areas of social protection of the population is determined by the legal framework for the social protection of the population in the Russian Federation.

1.2 Regulatory framework of the municipal department of social protection of the population

Social protection of the population and the mechanism for its implementation are based on the constitutional and legal legislative framework and international covenants on human rights and freedoms. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the international covenants on civil and political, economic, social and cultural rights proclaim and recognize the rights of all people to life, liberty and security of person, dignity, freedom of opinion, the right to work, rest, education, social security, protection of material and moral interests.

Society cannot do without establishing the rights, freedoms and duties of its citizens. At the same time, they cannot be set arbitrarily, as they are determined by the achieved level of material, cultural and spiritual possibilities. The fundamental rights, freedoms and obligations of citizens are legally consolidated and guaranteed by the state in its main law - the Constitution.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation proclaims that the Russian Federation is a social state whose policy is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person.

The Russian Federation also protects the labor and health of people. A guaranteed minimum wage is established, state support is provided for the family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood, the disabled and the elderly, a system of social services is being developed, state pensions, benefits and other guarantees of social protection are being established.

Article 38 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation states:

1. Every citizen is guaranteed social security by age, in case of illness, disability, loss of a breadwinner, for the upbringing of children and in other cases, statutory.

2. Pensions and allowances are established.

In Article 39 of the Constitution, according to which every person is guaranteed social security in cases of disability, for the upbringing of children and in other situations established by law.

Every citizen has the right to social protection. The constitution obliges the state to create all the necessary conditions to exercise this right.

It not only proclaims the right of citizens to social protection, but also clearly defines the ways of its implementation. First of all it is:

- Compulsory pension insurance for employees;

- creation of other funds that are sources of financing of social protection of the population;

- Adoption of federal laws guaranteeing the exercise of these rights.

In particular, on August 2, 1995, the Federal Law "On Social Services for Elderly Citizens and the Disabled" was adopted. According to the degree of concentration of legislative material, this law can be considered as normative act codification value.

It is distinguished by the relevance of regulatory regulation, a special capacious internal structure (consists of 7 chapters, 40 articles), which provides a single coordinated regulatory regulation of relations in the field of social services for this category of citizens.

This law, in essence, is the base for the institution of social services, because. regulates in a complex a range of issues related to social services for the two most weakly social groups of the population - the elderly and the disabled.

The Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation" dated December 10, 1995 establishes the foundations legal regulation in the field of social services for citizens in difficult life situations. At the same time, the following principles of social services for citizens are distinguished: targeting; availability; voluntariness; humanity; priority; confidentiality; preventive focus.

The codification law, the norms of which regulate public relations, are the Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation "On the protection of the health of citizens" dated July 22, 1993. The Fundamentals fix the concept of protecting the health of citizens and its basic principles, the rights of citizens in the field of health protection. In particular, it separately provides for the right to health protection: families, pregnant women and mothers, minors, military personnel, elderly citizens, and the disabled.

The federal law of May 19, 1995 "On state benefits to citizens with children" also became codifying. This law established single system allowances addressed to citizens with children. This is a pregnancy and childbirth allowance for a woman, a one-time allowance for women registered in the early stages of pregnancy; childbirth allowance due to each family; allowance for parental leave until the age of 1.5 years; monthly allowance for each child from the moment of his birth until the age of 16 (students 18) years old. In subsequent years, additions were published to this law, in terms of changing the amount of payments.

Another codifying law was the Federal Law of July 16, 1999 "On the Fundamentals of Compulsory Social Insurance". It consolidated the basic principles for the implementation of compulsory social insurance, types of social risks, insured events, types of insurance coverage for compulsory social insurance, rights and obligations of subjects of compulsory social insurance.

Citizens are provided with social benefits in accordance with the above Law of the Russian Federation "On State Benefits to Citizens with Children", as well as the Law of the Russian Federation "On Employment in the Russian Federation" as amended on April 20, 1996, the Federal Law of December 21, 1996 " On additional guarantees for the social protection of orphans and children left without parental care", Federal Laws of September 17, 1998 "On Immunoprophylaxis of Infectious Diseases" and of January 12, 1996 "On Burial and Funeral Business".

A number of current laws regulate the provision of pensions to various categories of citizens, for example, Federal Law No. 173-FZ of December 17, 2001 "On labor pensions in the Russian Federation" and Federal Law No. 166-FZ of December 15, 2001 "On state pension provision in the Russian Federation.

Social protection involves the provision of assistance to specific people in need, taking into account their individual needs. In the Russian Federation, relevant regulatory legal acts have been issued and are in force to regulate the provision of social support to one or another category of those in need.

big practical value in the implementation of social protection of various categories of the population, a number of social programs have been adopted, the great advantage of which is the special allocation " software resources"and their concentration on achieving sub-goals, objectives and, ultimately, the goals of the programs. Today, the following social programs are operating in the Russian Federation:

- Federal comprehensive program "Social Support for the Disabled";

- Presidential program "Youth of Russia";

- The program of retraining and employment of military personnel subject to dismissal, and the reserve or retired, citizens dismissed from military service, and members of their families in their places of compact residence;

- Federal migration program.

Thus, the Constitution as the fundamental law of the state and legal acts that specify and fill with real content the social rights, freedoms and duties of the individual (Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, Federal laws, Government Decrees, legal acts adopted by the subjects of the Federation, municipal authorities) constitute and form the legal space in which the social mechanism for protecting human interests functions. The operation and effectiveness of this mechanism are directly related to the activities of people and largely depend on their conscientiousness, professionalism, competence and other qualities. That is why the further development and improvement of the social protection system requires a more serious approach to solving legal issues.

1.3 Foreign experience social protection of the population

20th century became a century of destruction of traditional channels of social assistance: communities, families. Communication within the community is torn under the pressure of ongoing processes of industrialization, urbanization and individualization of public life. The family is going through a period of disintegration, which limits the possibilities of mutual assistance. In this regard, in the first half of the 20th century, a redistribution of roles takes place: the state becomes one of the main guarantors of the social security of a person.

For this stage The development of European and American civilization is characterized by the fact that, along with repression, the mechanism of social maneuvering through the adoption of social legislation and the foundation social institutions aimed at creating a system of social support for wage workers and members of their families.

The main player in the social field, of course, becomes the state. To an ever greater extent, the state is beginning to realize the need to intervene in the social sphere, and therefore to have public service professional social workers. In the first decades of the twentieth century Almost all developed countries are actively expanding in the social sphere, building a social policy, creating a legal framework, developing models and systems of social support for the population. Basically, they operate to this day. At the same time, there are also differences in the models of social support for the population in various Western countries.

Particularly interesting experience social system Germany. Germany, along with the states of Northern Europe, has an exemplary social security system. The basis of this system was laid in the time of Bismarck: accident insurance, sickness insurance, pension insurance. In 1919 unemployment insurance was introduced.

Importance for formation abroad modern system social assistance was provided by the principles of the Elberfeld system, which took its name from the city where it was effectively applied. In the middle of the 19th century, it spread throughout almost the entire territory of Germany and part of France. Based on these principles:

the independence of each guardianship in considering particular issues and the centralization of the general direction of affairs;

individualization of assistance with a detailed examination of each person in need;

attraction of all sections of society to active participation in the charity of the poor.

Over time, the methods and forms of work have changed, but the main principle of social work remains the provision of social assistance.

Social assistance is the main part of the social guarantee system in Germany, serving to get out of a difficult social situation. individuals and having the necessary institutions and services for these purposes.

Social assistance is also called social services that are provided outside the social security system. These are services of a general nature: the issuance of money as a state subsidy for housing, in large families for children, for the poor - for education.

Services such as education are especially important for the young poor and the poor, as they help to further professional growth and career. The solution of the problems of education is completely in the hands of the authorities of the federal states. Each federal state decides in its own way within the framework of federal law. According to German social law, every student of ability with good academic results has the right to individual support in his education, although he may not have enough of this necessary means.

Of interest is the system of social protection in the leading capitalist country - the United States.

As in Western European countries, the U.S. social safety net is being reformed to accommodate modern conditions, but relying on strong material resources and established system of values. The national social security system was laid down in the 1930s and dates back to the signing of the Social Security Act by President Franklin Roosevelt in August 1935. It was all based on the orientation of Americans to success, to personal responsibility for their well-being and the well-being of their families. The American system of social protection has clearly expressed two directions: the system of social security and the system of social assistance.

Social security programs enjoy a high status of social respectability, as wage earners regularly pay taxes to the respective funds. The social insurance system is mainly used by the middle and upper strata of society. This system protects the economically actively employed population from the main socio-economic risks: old age, loss of a breadwinner, disability, illness, industrial injuries, unemployment.

In the article of social expenditures of the US budget, this section of social protection accounts for about 75%. The size of social insurance pensions is 2.5 times higher than cash benefits for poverty.

It should be noted that both social insurance and social assistance in the United States are not of an abstract nature, but have a number of basic and auxiliary programs.

One of the most important programs is the basis of the pension system, the General Federal Program (OFP). To receive a full pension, you must be at least 65 years of age and have worked for at least 3 months in each year between the ages of 21 and 65. With a decrease in the length of service, the pension decreases, the minimum required length of service is 10 years.

The tax to the Pension Fund (including the part of medical care under the Medicor program) is 15.3% of income, with half paid by the employer and the other half by the employee. The fund's spending is strictly regulated: out of every dollar that goes into the fund, 69 cents go to trust funds that pay monthly old-age pensions to the insured, their family members, and widows; 19 cents goes to trust funds that pay the bills of the insured under the Medicor program, 12 cents to trust funds to pay pensions to the disabled and their families; and 1 cent is spent on administrative expenses.

The most important component of the social insurance system is the Medicor program for medical care for pensioners, which was created in 1965, covers more than 30 million Americans and is of the greatest social importance in the life of the country. Insurance is divided into basic and additional. The main one pays for treatment in general hospital conditions, additional treatment and medical services at home. Additional insurance voluntary insurance with the payment of an insurance premium, as well as payment for the services of doctors and services in polyclinics, the Medikor program provides for health insurance for people aged 65 years and older and some other groups of the population.

A compensatory function similar to the social insurance system is performed by the federal-state unemployment insurance system, introduced in the mid-1930s. The unemployment insurance system is offset by a tax on entrepreneurs, wage-earners no payments are made for this purpose.

The second direction of the system of social protection in the United States is social assistance. Unlike social insurance programs for social assistance to the poor do not enjoy prestige and support in American society, because the poor do not pay social taxes and represent a much smaller part of the population.

One of the main federal social assistance programs is the Assistance to Families with Dependent Children (PSED) program.

Funding for this program is provided by the federal government on a parity basis with the states, approximately 50 to 50. Within the framework of the PSED, mothers or relatives who are raising children receive benefits. Family support is complex. Such a family, in addition to cash assistance, is entitled to receive food stamps, school-age children receive free meals "School Breakfast Program". family gets medical care under the Medicaid program. Approximately a quarter of families receiving child support use housing.

At the same time, starting in 1981, a requirement was introduced for the need to work on a gratuitous basis in order to receive benefits from major federal social programs. Two programs require it as a prerequisite for federal welfare assistance: the Dependent Child Assistance Program and the Food Stamp Program.

The Medicaid program, created in 1965, provides medical services to people living below the poverty line. About 23 million people receive assistance through it, it is paid entirely from the budget by the federal government together with the state authorities.

The foundations of social insurance in Germany were laid in the last century by Chancellor Bismarck, and since then the mechanism of social policy, being improved, creates reliable social protection for the population.

In Germany, the legislation establishes compulsory insurance for every employee upon reaching a certain age for all types of insurance: pension, unemployment and sick leave.

Insurance funds account for about 37% of the wage fund at each enterprise. They are formed at the expense of deductions from the wages of the worker and contributions from the employer in approximately equal proportions. The state legislates only the amount of payments to insurance funds. The system of payments to social insurance funds operates on the principle of solidarity: the strong pay for the weak.

Pension insurance contributions amount to 1.7% of the wage fund and ensure the formation of one of the largest insurance funds - the pension fund. The Fund is intended to finance the following types of pensions: a) old-age pensions (assigned to working men from 65 years of age, women from 60 years of age). The size of pensions is determined by the length of service, which means the term for paying contributions to the pension fund. With an experience of up to 40 years, 61% of net earnings are paid before retirement, and with an experience of 45 years or more - 69%. It should be noted that the length of service includes the time spent on raising children, serving in the army and the period of involuntary unemployment; b) disability pension in connection with its loss as a result of an accident and if a person has been disabled since childhood; c) pensions on the death of the breadwinner.

Unemployment insurance provides a contribution to this fund in the amount of 6.8% of the payroll.

In Germany, the following amounts of unemployment pensions are determined by law - 63-68% of the average salary for the last 3 months before losing a job. These percentages are calculated from the so-called "net" salary, i.e. remaining after payment of all taxes and contributions. Workers are eligible for unemployment benefits vocational education and work experience of at least three years, and unskilled workers - with work experience of at least 6 years.

The payment of benefits is made subject to certain conditions (loss of work by the employee in full, and not in part; mandatory registration at the labor exchange is required; lack of alternative options for working at another enterprise). The allowance is paid from 6 to 32 months.

If the employee does not have the right to receive the specified benefit (for example, the period of time necessary for this has not been worked out), then unemployment assistance is paid in this case. Assistance is issued if there are no other sources of livelihood and none of the relatives can support the unemployed. The amount of assistance is 56-58% of the net previous salary for the last three months of work.

The third type of payments from the unemployment fund is social assistance to the poor and those who have no means of subsistence due to a long illness or illness of close relatives.

Unemployment benefits, assistance and social benefits are not taxed.

Unemployment insurance in accordance with the Law is at the expense of the entrepreneur.

Hospital insurance (sickness insurance) in Germany is legally regulated by Federal law. Order hospital insurance consists in the fact that citizens are automatically members of local sickness funds, then join the production and sectoral funds, and then optionally, on a voluntary basis, additional ones. The amount of deductions ranges from 8 to 16% (on average 12.5%) of the wage fund.

There are currently about one thousand sickness funds of four types in the country: industrial, local, branch, additional. Production cash desks are created at enterprises with at least 450 employees. Local correspond to a territorial sign (urban, quarterly, rural, etc.). Branches serve people of a certain specialty (transport workers, builders, etc.). Additional cash desks are intended for people with a high level of income.

The concept of hospital insurance in Germany is based on differentiation and a commercial approach. Its essence lies in the fact that the amount of contributions and the level of service measures depends on the income of the insurers. In particular, if a citizen earns at the minimum level (about 5 thousand marks per month), then he must be insured. This is due to the fact that in case of illness, his earnings will not be enough for treatment, and according to the constitution of Germany, a sick person cannot be deprived of medical care.

At high income a citizen can join a private health insurance fund, which provides a prestigious level of medical care. In private health insurance funds, there is no principle of joint distribution of medical expenses, and therefore the young and healthy pay less, the old and the sick pay more.

...

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UDK 364 BBK 60.82

ON SOME FEATURES OF THE PROVISION OF SOCIAL ASSISTANCE AT THE MUNICIPAL LEVEL

N.L. Tropnikova, Ph.D.

O.I. Chirkova, Ph.D., Associate Professor, South Ural Institute of Management and Economics E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

annotation

The article analyzes the relevance of providing social support to the population at the municipal level, taking into account changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation. The experience of local self-government bodies of the city of Murmansk in the area under study is considered.

Keywords Keywords: local self-government, social support, municipal target program, accessible living environment.

As you know, there are three main levels of social policy, differing in goals, functions, subjects and implementation mechanisms. At the federal level, a regulatory and legal framework is being developed, basic laws are being adopted, and a system of relationships between subjects of different levels is being formed. At the same level, the budget is approved, which is aimed at the implementation of centralized financing of areas social development, in addition, lists of categories of the population are determined, which are provided with social protection and are responsible for this by the federal authorities. At the level of regional social policy, tasks are solved to ensure a comprehensive, balanced development of territories. In general, certain provisions of federal decisions are concretized and supplemented with specific content, and mechanisms are developed for linking these decisions to regional problems. The local level makes it possible to specify to a much greater extent the methods, methods and mechanisms for achieving the goals that are defined within the framework of federal and regional social policy1.

Among the tasks of municipal social policy, it is necessary to single out the organization of social protection of the population. The significance of this activity of local governments is determined, firstly, by the fact that it is the municipal authorities that are closest to the problem of poverty. Secondly, knowledge of local practice makes it possible to more accurately take into account the real possibilities of municipalities in the implementation of social support for the population.

Considering social assistance as an activity aimed at providing support to people who find themselves in a difficult life situation, it should be noted that at the municipal level this activity is carried out in the form of providing social services on the basis of municipal institutions of social support, social services, organization of guardianship and guardianship of minors and others

With the entry into force of federal law No. 131-FZ "On general principles Organizations of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” dated 06.10.2003, issues of social support for the population were excluded from the list of issues of local importance and referred to the competence of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation2. The list of social services provided in the field of social protection of the population at the municipal level has been significantly reduced.

At the same time, today local governments play a significant role in almost all issues of social protection. For example, they are primarily responsible for providing federal benefits.

legislation, housing subsidies and local benefits, and also implement a targeted approach to organizing social assistance. It is at the municipal level that the recipients of assistance are specifically identified - low-income families, low-income citizens living alone. The conditions for its provision are determined - the onset of a difficult life situation, the criteria for granting - income below the subsistence level and types of assistance - monetary, in-kind, assistance in the form of services.

The law reserves the right of local self-government bodies to exercise certain powers that are not related to issues resolved at the municipal level. On the basis of regional norms and regulations, local governments can develop local social standards, norms and regulations that take into account the specifics of the municipality.

The law also provides for a mechanism for the transfer of certain state powers to local governments. The transfer of these powers is carried out through the adoption of a law by the subject of the Russian Federation, which lists the transferred powers, issues of financing the transferred powers, control over their execution. As a rule, the following powers are transferred: to organize guardianship and guardianship of minors, social support for large families, foster families, guardians and trustees of minors, orphans and children left without parental care. Therefore, municipalities have the opportunity to work on organizing a system of social protection for the population of their territories.

Despite the fact that the powers to organize the provision of social services are assigned by law to the competence of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in the municipalities of some constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the work of complex centers of social services for the population (for example, in the Astrakhan, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novosibirsk, Tyumen regions), providing social services for the elderly and the disabled, people with disabilities, children and families with children, people in difficult life situations. Local self-government bodies can provide certain categories of citizens with benefits for servicing and receiving services in municipal institutions of the social sphere of social and household orientation (in municipal institutions of health care, education, culture, municipal pharmacies, etc.). For example, the purpose of the Murmansk integrated center social services for the population (briefly - Murmansk KTSSON) is the provision of citizens recognized as in need of social services, social services aimed at improving their living conditions. To achieve the goal, the specified institution carries out the following main activities in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation: social services at home; social services in a semi-stationary form. In accordance with these types, the main Murmansk KTSSON provides the following services in a semi-stationary form and in the form of social services at home: social services; socio-psychological services; social and medical services; socio-pedagogical services; social and labor services; social and legal services; services to increase the communicative potential of recipients of social services with disabilities, including children with disabilities; urgent social services3.

In this regard, in the current conditions, there is a need to generalize the experience of municipalities in the social support of the population of their territories.

All of the above fully applies to the municipal formation of the urban district of Murmansk.

The city of Murmansk is the administrative center of the Murmansk region, as well as one of the centers of the Barents Euro-Arctic region. We also note that the area of ​​​​the territory of the municipality of Murmansk is 155 square meters. km, which is 0.1%

territory of the Murmansk region. The city includes three administrative districts - Leninsky, Oktyabrsky and Pervomaisky. The population of the city is 298,096 people.

The local governments of the city of Murmansk, despite changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation, understand the importance of issues of social protection of the population, and exercise the right to provide additional measures of social support for certain categories of city residents at the expense of the budget of the municipality.

One of the mechanisms for the implementation of municipal social policy used by the administration of the city of Murmansk is the development and implementation of municipal targeted programs. The municipal target program is a set of measures agreed upon in terms of goals, deadlines, material and technical support, and performers. As a rule, the implementation of programs is aimed at achieving the goals and solving problems of the socio-economic development of the municipality. The procedure for the development and adoption of municipal target programs is approved by local governments.

The main municipal program (MP) in the field of social protection of the population of the city of Murmansk is the municipal program "Social Support" for 2014-2019.

MP "Social Support" for 2014-2019 designed to reduce the main socio-economic problems of the population and ensure the most effective protection of socially vulnerable categories of the population.

The main objectives of the municipal program include the following4:

Ensuring the development of family forms of placement and the provision of measures of social support to orphans and children left without parental care, to persons from among them;

Ensuring the availability and quality of additional social support measures;

Ensuring the implementation of measures in the field of providing the population of the city of Murmansk with additional measures of social support and the provision of social assistance;

Improving the efficiency of the implementation of the rights to measures of social support for certain categories of citizens in connection with the abolition of the urban-type settlement Roslyakovo;

Formation of conditions for unhindered access of disabled people and other low-mobility groups of the population to social and transport infrastructure facilities in the city of Murmansk.

For the implementation of activities in 2016, the budget of the municipality of Murmansk provided funds in the amount of 470,051.6 thousand rubles. They include funds from the budgets of the municipality, as well as the regional and federal budgets. As the analysis showed, in 2016 funds in the amount of 463,918.9 thousand rubles or 98.7% of the total amount of planned funds were disbursed for the implementation of program activities5.

In addition, as part of the municipal target program A number of subprograms are being implemented:

Subprogram "Providing measures of social support to orphans and children left without parental care, persons from among them" for 2014-2019;

Subprogram "Additional measures of social support for certain categories of citizens" for 2014-2019;

Subprogram "Creation accessible environment for the disabled and other people with limited mobility in the city of Murmansk" for 2017-2019.

So, for example, the goals of the subprogram "Providing measures of social support to orphans and children left without parental care, persons from among them" for 2014-2019. are:

Ensuring the development of family forms of device;

Provision of measures of social support to orphans and children left without parental care, persons from among them.

For the implementation of the activities of the subprogram in 2016, the budget of the municipality of Murmansk provided funds in the amount of 393,101.3 thousand rubles. In fact, 390,527.5 thousand rubles were disbursed. or 99.3% of the total planned funds.

The analysis of the implementation of the activities of the subprogram showed that by the end of 2016, the total number of orphans and children left without parental care was 1,394 people. This is less than a year ago by 3.5% and indicates a positive trend in work to support children and families in difficult life situations. In addition, the results obtained testify to the improvement of work on family placement of children left without parental care. On the whole, purposeful work with families at an early stage of the crisis makes it possible to preserve the birth family for children, to reduce the number of parents who have limited parental rights or are deprived of parental rights.

It should be noted that the provision of social support measures for orphans and children left without parental care, in accordance with federal law, is one of the obligations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Therefore, funds are provided to municipalities (urban districts) in the form of subventions from the regional compensation fund. This approach makes it possible to fully provide measures of social support to children of the above category during their stay in the family of the guardian (custodian), foster parent.

At the end of 2016, the number of foster parents who received payments amounted to 165 people (112.2% of the plan). As you can see, the payment to persons providing social and post-boarding patronage was carried out in full. In addition, a monthly housing and communal payment was provided, it was provided to 561 orphans and children left without parental care (96.7% of the plan). 111 apartments were purchased with total area 3,380.7 sq.m for orphans and children left without parental care. This measure was completed in 2016 by 122%. In 2016, 13 apartments were repaired (100% of the planned number), assigned to orphans and children left without parental care. The analysis showed that the implementation of the activities of the subprogram in 2016 was carried out in accordance with the approved work plan.

The next subprogram "Additional measures of social support for certain categories of citizens" for 2014-2019. designed to ensure the availability and quality of additional social support measures.

This subprogram contains additional measures of social support for citizens, which are aimed at overcoming a difficult life situation. In this case, the self-government bodies of the city of Murmansk implement a targeted approach to the organization of social assistance.

Able-bodied citizens, families with children who, for reasons beyond their control, have an average per capita income below the subsistence level established in the Murmansk Region, need additional measures of social support. These include large families; non-working pensioners; disabled people; families with disabled children; incomplete families; veterans of the Great Patriotic War.

Today, the number of applications for financial assistance of these categories of citizens is quite large. In practice, most often people apply for payment of expensive medicines, medical services, purchases of basic necessities.

For the implementation of these activities in 2016, the budget of the municipality of Murmansk provided funds in the amount of 39,405.6 thousand rubles.

In fact, 39,066.7 thousand rubles were disbursed. or 99.1% of the total planned funds.

In 2016, the following activities were implemented6:

Financing of public works - 150 people were employed (100% of the plan);

Provision of material assistance to persons in difficult life situations (for the purchase of medicines, essentials, medical services, for the execution of identity documents, the purchase of travel documents) - 2,697 people were covered (99.9% of the plan);

Provision of material assistance to the disabled - 179 people covered (89.5% of the plan);

Providing one-time material assistance to participants and invalids of the Great Patriotic War in connection with the celebration of Victory Day, 236 people were covered (100% of the plan);

Organization of events for the repair of apartments of veterans of the Great Patriotic War - 6 apartments were repaired (40% of the total number of those in the queue for repair work);

Implementation of the provision on the title "Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Murmansk".

In general, the implementation of the activities of the subprogram "Additional measures of social support for certain categories of citizens" for 2014-2019. was carried out in 2016 in a timely manner, in accordance with the approved work plan.

Particularly noteworthy is the role of the subprogram "Creating an accessible environment for the disabled and other people with limited mobility in the city of Murmansk" for 2017-2019.

The problem of creating an accessible living environment for the disabled and other people with limited mobility is currently quite relevant. This is explained by the presence in the social structure of society of a significant number of persons with signs of disability. In Murmansk, their number is more than 12.4 thousand, which is about 4% of the total urban population. In addition, when speaking about the problem of accessibility of urban infrastructure facilities, one should not forget about other so-called low-mobility groups of the population: the elderly, small children, mothers with prams, etc.

In this regard, the city administration formed working group to assist in creating conditions for the formation of a barrier-free living environment accessible to disabled people and other people with limited mobility in the territory of the municipality of the city of Murmansk. The working group coordinates activities within the framework of this subprogramme.

Table 1 presents the main activities of this subprogramme7.

Table 1 - Activities of the subprogram "Creating an accessible environment for the disabled and other people with limited mobility in the city of Murmansk"_

Equipping with technical means of rehabilitation, adapting the design of buildings, interior spaces Measures to improve accessibility to transport infrastructure facilities Provision specialized services Other

Equipment of buildings (structures) with external and internal ramps - arrangement of parking spaces for the disabled - provision of services (medical, household) at home - provision of material assistance to the disabled

Installation of specialized handrails (handrails) - commissioning of specialized vehicles - provision of adapted services by cultural institutions - assistance in social and labor rehabilitation of young disabled people

Installation of lifting devices (elevators), personnel call devices - equipping traffic light facilities with the Triol sound system - development and implementation of social actions in order to additionally support certain categories of citizens - holding cultural, leisure and sports events

Repair of stairs, equipping objects with a specialized coating - monitoring compliance with the needs of people with limited mobility in the design of construction and repair of buildings

The implementation of the above measures will make it possible by 2020 to increase the number of facilities where conditions have been created for barrier-free access for people with disabilities and people with limited mobility.

The formation of an accessible living environment in the city of Murmansk is the most important condition and means of providing disabled people with equal opportunities to participate in public life with other citizens. In addition, the implementation of the activities of the subprogram will create the necessary conditions for people with disabilities to participate equally in the life of society.

Summing up, we note that the implementation of the activities of the MP "Social Support" for 2014-2019. in 2016 it is characterized by a high level of efficiency and is rated with the highest score - 5.

The same high appraisal was given to two subprograms: “Providing measures of social support to orphans and children left without parental care, persons from among them” and “Additional measures of social support to certain categories of citizens”.

Table 2 below presents the results of assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of the municipal program "Social Support" for 2014-2019. at the end of 2016

In the table, the designation "DIP" means an assessment of the achievement of the planned values ​​of indicators (indicators) of the municipal program, subprogram, and the designation "PF" - the assessment of the completeness of financing of the municipal program, subprogram8.

Table 2 - Results of evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of the municipal program at the end of 2016_

Program name DIP PF Explanations

High level effectiveness Score - 5 points

MP "Social Support" for 2014-2019 1.01 0.90 The program is characterized by the full achievement of the planned indicators with a part not being mastered financial resources

Subprogram "Providing measures of social support to orphans and children left without parental care, persons from among them" for 2014-2019. 1.03 0.99 Score - 5 points

Subprogram "Additional measures of social support for certain categories of citizens" for 2014-2019. 0.99 1.00 Score - 5 points

So, the analysis of the progress of the implementation of the municipal program and subprograms showed that all activities were basically completed by 100%. The following activities have not been fully implemented:

Provision of financial assistance to persons in difficult life situations (for the purchase of medicines, essentials, medical services, for the execution of identity documents, the purchase of travel documents) - 2,697 people were covered (99.9% of the plan);

Providing financial assistance to 179 disabled people (89.5% of the plan; the total number of disabled people who received material assistance was determined on the basis of petitions from public organizations).

In addition, following the results of 2016, additional measures of social support were provided to 5,775 citizens.

At the same time, despite the fact that the implementation of social support measures for the population of the city of Murmansk makes it possible to ensure the protection of socially vulnerable categories of the population, the issues of further improvement of the activities of the administration of the city of Murmansk in this area remain relevant.

In this regard, the local authorities of the city of Murmansk consider the following areas of work in the field of social protection of the population as priorities:

1. Creation of a barrier-free environment for the disabled and other people with limited mobility in the city of Murmansk.

The implementation of measures to adapt the living quarters of the disabled and common property in the homes in which the disabled live, taking into account the needs of the disabled, continues. Conditions for the accessibility of living quarters for the disabled are also provided.

2. Increasing the availability and quality of municipal services in the social sphere based on a gradual increase in the access of socially oriented non-profit organizations(SO NCOs) to budgetary funds allocated for the provision of social services to the population.

It should be noted that back in December 2014, in the Budget Address of the President of the Russian Federation on budget policy in 2014-2019. the task was to expand the involvement of non-governmental organizations. The solution of this problem is aimed at removing obstacles to the access of non-governmental organizations to the provision of municipal services, as well as at increasing the availability and quality of the provision of municipal services. Later, in 2016, the Russian Federation adopted a number of comprehensive documents that expand the access of socially oriented non-profit organizations to the provision of public services in the social sphere, provided at the expense of the budget.

Currently, 1040 non-profit organizations are registered in the Murmansk region, of which 119 NPOs (about 18%) operate in the field of social services, social support and protection of citizens. Main number

non-profit organizations are located in the city of Murmansk, where more than 62% of the total number of NGOs are concentrated. Now, a working group has been created under the administration of the city of Murmansk to develop the non-municipal service sector in the social sphere. It is responsible for developing, implementing and monitoring the implementation of an action plan (“road map”) to support SONCO access to the provision of social services. For example, in 2016 the Murmansk City public organization veterans of war and military service (the project "Veterans are always in service" - 115 thousand rubles).

3. Preparation and implementation of municipal-private partnership (MPP) projects.

At the same time, it is taken into account that partnership projects in the field of social support and protection of citizens are mainly of a local nature, implemented at the local territorial level, and, as a rule, the municipal administration acts as their initiator. Therefore, the formation of a regulatory framework is of particular importance, which helps to reduce risks and resolve controversial issues that arise in the process of project implementation. To this end, the Murmansk city administration has prepared regulations, draft regulations, establishing the procedure for implementing projects. The Rules for the interaction of a public partner were approved, authorized body, structural divisions administration of the city of Murmansk when developing a proposal for the implementation of a municipal-private partnership project.

Thus, the local governments of the city of Murmansk provide conditions for the most effective protection of socially vulnerable categories of the population, taking into account changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation. Further implementation of priority areas will contribute to the improvement of the system of social protection of the city's population, and hence the formation of a strong and socially effective local self-government, the preservation of social stability in the municipality of the urban district of Murmansk.

Notes

1 Volgin A.N., Egorov V.K. Social policy in municipalities. - M.: Alfa-Press, 2012. S.25 568 p.

2 Federal Law of October 6, 2003 N 131-F3 (as amended on July 29, 2017) “On the General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” (as amended and supplemented, effective from August 10, 2017) // Published on the SPS Consultant+ website URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_44571/

3 Official site of the Murmansk complex center of social services for the population. URL: http://kcson-murmansk.ru/

4 On approval of the Municipal program of the city of Murmansk "Social support" for 2014-2019: Decree of the administration of the city of Murmansk dated November 12, 2013 No. 3232 (as amended by the Decree dated December 20, 2016 No. 3845) // Administration of the city of Murmansk. URL: https://citymurmansk. ru/strukturnye_podr/?itemid=3 0#descr.

5 On approval of the report on the implementation of municipal programs of the city of Murmansk in 2016: Decree of the administration of the city of Murmansk dated March 31, 2017 No. 877 // Administration of the city of Murmansk. - Electronic text. Dan. -URL: http://ritymurmansk.ru/strukturnye_podr/?itemid=30#descr.

6 On approval of the report on the implementation of municipal programs of the city of Murmansk in 2016: Decree of the administration of the city of Murmansk dated March 31, 2017 No. 877 // Administration of the city of Murmansk. -URL: http://citymurmansk.ru/strukturnye_podr/?itemid=30#descr.

7 On approval of the Municipal program of the city of Murmansk "Social support" for 2014 - 2019: Decree of the administration of the city of Murmansk dated November 12, 2013 No. 3232 (as amended by the Decree dated December 20, 2016 No. 3845) // Administration of the city of Murmansk. - URL: https://citymurmansk.ru/strukturnye_podr/?itemid=30#descr.

8 On approval of the report on the implementation of municipal programs of the city of Murmansk in 2016: Decree of the administration of the city of Murmansk dated March 31, 2017 No. 877 // Administration of the city of Murmansk. -URL: http://citymurmansk.ru/strukturnye_podr/?itemid=30#descr.

SOME FEATURES OF THE SOCIAL ASSISTANCE AT MUNICIPAL LEVEL

N.L. Tropnikova, PhD. econ. Sciences O. I. Chirkova, PhD. ped. Sciences, associate professor South-Ural Institute of Management and Economics, E-mail: [email protected]

The article analyzes the relevance of the provision of social support to the population at the municipal level, taking into account changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation. The experience of local authorities of the city of Murmansk in the study area.

Keywords: local government, social support, municipal target program, accessible environment of life activity.

Problems of social protection and social support for certain groups of the population

Social protection is a system of legislative, economic, social and other guarantees that provides all able-bodied citizens

danam equal rights and working conditions, and disabled (socially vulnerable) layers - benefits in using public funds consumption, direct material and socio-psychological support in all forms.

Social support is temporary or permanent measures of targeted support for certain categories of citizens in a crisis situation.

Social protection and social support of citizens are the prerogative of the state. The federal law of 2003 assigns only guardianship and guardianship to the competence of municipal districts and urban districts in this area, and to the competence of settlements - rendering assistance in establishing guardianship and guardianship over the residents of the settlement in need of this in accordance with federal laws. However, the main part of the concerns for social support of citizens is traditionally carried out by local governments as state powers. As the closest to the population, local governments know better the specific living conditions of individual citizens and can perform social support functions more effectively. Due to the lack of state funding, local budgets bear a significant share of the costs of social support for the population.

The main forms of social support for certain groups of the population are shown in fig. 5.5.1.

Forms of social support

Cash benefits Assistance Benefits Subsidies In-kind compensation (discounts) ( target funds(reimbursement form (products, when paying to pay for some clothes) a number of services services) expenses) Figure. 5.5.1. The main forms of social support for certain groups of the population

Municipal policy in the field of social protection and social support of the population is the implementation of their own and transferred (federal and regional) state powers to organize a set of measures aimed at protecting certain vulnerable groups of the population and citizens from falling into a zone of extreme social disadvantage. The formation and implementation of local policies in the field of social support of the population are carried out within the framework of targeted assistance to specific groups and strata of the population, individual citizens.

Criteria and mechanisms for providing social support at the municipal level

The main criteria for providing social support to certain categories of citizens at the municipal level include the following.

1. Low level of material security. If the per capita income of a person (family) is below a certain legally established normative value, this person (family) needs social support. The normative value of per capita income is determined by the cost of spending

bitel set characterizing living wage per one family member (or single citizen) for a given period of development of society. The composition, structure and cost of this set change in accordance with changes in generally accepted living standards.

2. Disability, the consequence of which is the impossibility of self-service.

3. Loss of home and property.

Disabled Fr. CD I O s; oz o CQ I I CD Poor people In extreme situations

Citizens under the care of the state (in nursing homes, disabled people, etc.)

^ CD CD Q_LD CD

Victims in emergency situations (fires, floods, earthquakes, radiation exposure, etc.)

For each of the listed categories, the state develops specific social protection programs, and at the local level - social support programs.

Social protection and social support of the population is effective on the basis of the program approach. Two types of programs can be distinguished: object programs (designed for a specific social group population) and problematic (designed to solve some social problem, for example, the elimination of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant).

To implement municipal policy in the field of social support for the population, various social service institutions are being created in municipalities, and bodies (departments, committees, departments) of social protection are being created in the structure of local administrations. The structure of these bodies and institutions depends on financial opportunities municipal formation, the existing management system, the availability of the necessary specialists. It is presented in Fig. 5.5.3.

Rice. 5.5.3. Subjects of social support of the population in the municipality. Note: Municipal Pension Services are currently being taken over by pension fund RF

The main organizational, practical and coordination activities for the provision of various types of social services are carried out by municipal social service centers. They are designed to identify citizens in need of social services, determine the types of social services they need, and ensure their provision. Workshops, production workshops, subsidiary farms, convenience stores, etc.

Below are the main areas of activity of municipal governments and institutions of social protection of the population.

Municipal support for the elderly and disabled

The federal list of social services provided to the elderly and the disabled includes:

Services provided to elderly citizens and disabled people living in stationary social service institutions (material and household services, catering, household, leisure services, socio-medical and sanitary-hygienic services, services related to social and labor rehabilitation, legal services and so on.);

Services provided at home to elderly citizens and disabled people who need outside help due to a partial loss of the ability to self-service (services for catering, household

Chapter 5. Municipal management of the social sphere

and leisure, socio-medical and sanitary-hygienic services, employment assistance, etc.).

Social services for elderly citizens and the disabled are carried out by decision of the social protection authorities in institutions subordinate to them or under agreements concluded by social protection authorities with social service institutions of other forms of ownership. At the same time, social services are provided subject to the voluntary consent of elderly citizens and the disabled to receive social services, except as otherwise provided by law.

In accordance with the Federal Laws "On Veterans" and "On the Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation", local governments:

Determine the conditions for the overhaul of residential premises belonging to the disabled of the Great Patriotic War, at the expense of local budgets;

Determine the conditions for the priority receipt of local building materials invalids of the Great Patriotic War for housing construction;

They provide housing free of charge in the municipal housing stock, primarily to disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War (disabled war veterans of group I out of turn);

Ensure the implementation of other measures of social support for disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War and combat invalids in the territories of other states, participants in the Great Patriotic War, veterans of military operations in the territories of other states and other groups of veterans.

Disabled persons are exempted from rent for land and premises for the storage of vehicles available for their personal use. They are entitled to additional living space in the form of a separate room in accordance with the list of diseases approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. Local self-government bodies with the participation of public associations of the disabled determine the procedure and grounds for social services for the disabled.

Municipal support for family, motherhood and childhood

The activity of local governments in this area involves their participation in solving the following state tasks:

Providing conditions for overcoming negative trends and stabilizing the financial situation of families, reducing poverty and increasing assistance to low-income families;

Improving family health care;

Increasing assistance to the family in the upbringing of children;

Promoting equal rights for women in the labor market;

Support for the activities of women's, youth, children's public organizations;

Development of a network of pre-school and out-of-school institutions, social service institutions accessible to all types of families; support for children in especially difficult circumstances.

Municipal government system

Local governments:

Stimulate network development preschool institutions various forms of ownership, as well as out-of-school institutions, summer health camps;

Create guardianship and guardianship bodies, carry out primary registration of children left without parental care in order to transfer children for upbringing to a family, under guardianship (guardianship) or to a foster family, and in the absence of such an opportunity - to institutions of all types for orphans or children left without parental care;

Based on the established norms of material support, funds are allocated to the adopted child (children) at the actual prices in the region. Cash allocated to foster families for heating, lighting, maintenance of housing, purchase of furniture and payment for consumer services. For the purchase of food, the foster family is attached by the local government directly to the bases, shops that supply educational institutions;

Carry out the necessary organizational measures to ensure the provision of benefits to families with disabled children, to provide them with living quarters, pay for housing and utilities, on obtaining land plots for individual housing construction, maintenance of subsidiary and summer cottages and gardening;

Provide disabled children living in stationary social service institutions, who are orphans or deprived of parental care, upon reaching the age of 18, with living quarters out of turn at the location of these institutions or at the place of their former residence at their choice.

In accordance with the Federal Law of 2003, all of the listed functions (with the exception of guardianship and trusteeship) should be considered as state powers.

Municipal support for people in critical situations

Such persons include persons without a fixed place of residence, refugees and internally displaced persons, persons who have lost their breadwinner, victims of fires and other citizens in need of urgent social assistance. For its implementation, departments of urgent social assistance are being created in municipalities.

The services of departments or municipal social service centers include the provision of one-time services to citizens in dire need, assistance in providing temporary housing, the provision of clothes, shoes, the provision of material assistance, etc.

Services provided in semi-stationary conditions, i.e. in departments of day (night) stay, including for persons without a fixed place of residence, may include services for organizing meals, everyday life, leisure, social and medical services, etc.

Local social service authorities are responsible for ensuring its quality and accessibility, for the development of municipal

Chapter 5. Municipal management of the social sphere

sectors of social services in the territories under their jurisdiction, as well as ensure control over compliance with state standards for the quality of social services in the municipal and non-state sectors of social services. They provide municipal social service institutions with premises for the organization of social services, as well as allocate space for the creation specialized industries for the employment of the disabled and the elderly.

Financing social services for the population

Social services are provided by municipal institutions free of charge and for a fee. Free social services are provided in amounts determined by state standards social service. Paid social services are provided in accordance with the procedure established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

According to the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation", social service institutions, both municipal and otherwise, enjoy preferential taxation in the manner prescribed by taxation legislation.

Financing of the municipal sector of the social service system is carried out at the expense of local budgets and subventions from the funds federal budget and the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, directed to the municipal budget for the maintenance and development of a network of social service institutions, as well as for paying for state-guaranteed social services included in federal and regional lists. The amount of subventions will be determined annually upon approval of the respective budgets.

However, as noted, the current state of the country's economy does not allow for total social security of the population, which is typical for a welfare state. The gap between the state's ability to fulfill its financing tasks and the normative amount of financing is widening. In this regard, there are many problems in the relationship between the state and local governments that provide various types of social assistance in a particular territory.

There is a tendency to transfer the execution of a number of state social functions from the municipal (in the form of state powers) to the federal level. The implications of this are ambiguous. On the one hand, the transfer of functions to the federal level relieves municipal bodies of unnecessary financial and material costs, reduces the number of municipal employees, and allows citizens to better navigate the system of government, more accurately judge their character and status. On the other hand, the activity of local communities in solving social problems, the effectiveness of responding to the various interests and aspirations of local communities and individual citizens in the field of social protection is reduced. The quality and competence of management may decrease social processes, the effect of using a targeted approach to the provision of social assistance and services, flexibility and fruitful response to the requirements formulated by the nature of the transition in the country.

Municipal government system

Questions for self-control

2. What mechanisms are used in the implementation of social support for the population in the municipality?

3. What are the criteria for the allocation of objects of social assistance?

4. What are the main features of social support for the population at the municipal level?

8.1. Provision of social assistance at the municipal level

Considering social work as a type of activity aimed at helping people in difficult life situations, it should be noted that at the municipal level this activity is carried out in the form of providing social assistance to the population, providing social services on the basis of municipal institutions of social support, social services, organizations guardianship and custody of minors, etc.

The range of social services provided in the field of social protection of the population at the municipal level has been reduced with the entry into force of federal law No. 131-FZ "On the general principles of organizing local self-government in the Russian Federation." Issues of social support for the population were excluded from the list of issues of local importance, the relevant powers were assigned to the competence of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the law reserves the right of local self-government bodies to exercise certain powers that are not related to issues of local importance. The law also provides for a mechanism for the transfer of certain state powers to local governments. The transfer of these powers is carried out through the adoption of a law by the subject of the Russian Federation, which lists the transferred powers, issues of financing the transferred powers, control over their execution. As a rule, the following powers are transferred: to organize guardianship and guardianship of minors, social support for large families, foster families, guardians and trustees of minors, orphans and children left without parental care, etc.

At the expense of the local budget, at the municipal level, the provision of social assistance to persons in difficult life situations is organized. To receive material assistance in cash, it is necessary to contact the administration of the municipality, provide documents confirming the difficult life situation. In accordance with the approved procedure, the documents are considered, and a decision is made to provide or refuse to provide social assistance. The amount of social assistance is determined taking into account the difficult life situation that has developed for a citizen, within the limits of the allocations provided for in the budget of the municipality. As a rule, a maximum amount of social assistance is set.

In order to provide social assistance to the population in kind, centers of social support for the population may be formed in municipalities. Assistance is provided to people who find themselves in a difficult situation due to loss of property due to fire, natural disaster, loss of livelihood, long-term medical treatment, low family income, etc. Assistance, as a rule, is provided by things donated by residents of the municipality, institutions, organizations, etc. (clothes, essentials, Appliances and furniture). In addition to providing assistance, consultations are organized for the population on issues of obtaining social support measures.

Despite the fact that the powers to organize the provision of social services are within the competence of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in the municipalities of some constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the work of social service centers for the population (for example, in Novosibirsk, Tyumen regions) is organized, providing social services to the elderly and the disabled, children and families with children, people who find themselves in a difficult life situation. Local self-government bodies can provide certain categories of citizens with benefits for receiving services and services in municipal institutions of the social sphere, social and domestic orientation ( municipal institutions education, health care, culture, municipal pharmacies, baths, etc.).

Previous

Social protection is a system of legislative, economic, social and other guarantees that provides all able-bodied citizens with equal rights and working conditions, and disabled (socially vulnerable) layers - benefits in the use of public consumption funds, direct material and socio-psychological support in all forms .

Social support is temporary or permanent measures of targeted support for certain socially vulnerable categories of citizens.

Social protection and social support of citizens are the prerogative of the state. Federal law "On the general principles of the organization of local self-government in the Russian Federation" 2003 refers to the competence of municipal districts and urban districts in this area only guardianship and guardianship, and to the competence of settlements - to assist in establishing guardianship and guardianship over the residents of the settlement who need it. However, the main part of the concerns for social support of citizens is traditionally carried out by local governments as state powers. Due to the lack of state funding, local budgets bear a significant share of the costs of social support for the population.

The main forms of social support for certain groups of the population are: cash benefits, in-kind assistance (food, clothing), benefits (discounts) when paying for a number of services, subsidies (targeted funds for paying for services), compensation (reimbursement of some expenses).

Municipal policy in the field of social protection and social support of the population is the implementation of their own and delegated (federal and regional) state powers to organize a set of measures aimed at preventing certain vulnerable groups of the population and citizens from falling into the zone of extreme social disadvantage. The formation and implementation of local policies in the field of social support of the population are carried out within the framework of targeted assistance to specific groups of the population and individual citizens.

The main criteria for providing social support to certain categories of citizens at the municipal level are: 1) low level of material security. If the per capita income of a person (family) is below a certain legally established normative value, this person (family) needs social support. The normative value of per capita income is determined by the price of the consumer package, which characterizes the subsistence minimum per family member (or single citizen) for a given period of development of society; 2) disability, the consequence of which is the impossibility of self-service; 3) loss of housing and property.

• Disabled: pensioners, children, disabled people, citizens who are in the care of the state (in nursing homes, disabled people, etc.);
• · Poor;
• · Those caught in extreme situations: (unemployed, refugees and migrants, without a fixed place of residence, victims of emergency situations (fires, floods, earthquakes, radiation exposure, etc.).

For each of the listed categories, the state develops specific social protection programs, and at the local level - social support programs.

To implement municipal policy in the field of social support for the population, various social service institutions are being created in municipalities, and bodies (departments, committees, departments) of social protection are created in the structure of local administrations (Figure 4).

Social services are provided by social service institutions free of charge and for a fee. Free social services are provided in volumes determined by regional standards of social services. Paid social services are provided in the manner prescribed by the Government of the Russian Federation. According to the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation", social service institutions - both municipal and otherwise - enjoy preferential taxation in the manner prescribed by taxation legislation.

Figure 4 - Subjects of social support of the population in the municipality

Financing of the municipal sector of the social service system is carried out at the expense of subventions from the federal budget and the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, directed to the municipal budget for the maintenance and development of a network of social service institutions, as well as for payment of state-guaranteed social services included in federal and regional lists. The amount of subventions will be determined annually upon approval of the respective budgets.

In modern legislation, there is a tendency to transfer the execution of social service functions from the municipal level to the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The implications of this are ambiguous. On the one hand, the transfer of social service functions to the subjects of the Russian Federation makes this system less dependent on the specific situation in each municipality. On the other hand, the activity of local communities in solving social problems is decreasing, the effectiveness of responding to the various interests and aspirations of local communities and individual citizens in the field of social protection is decreasing.