GOST 7370-98

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Railway crosspieces
types P75, P65 and P50

Specifications

INTERSTATE COUNCIL
ON STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

Minsk

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the All-Russian Research Institute of Railway Transport (VNIIZhT) of the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation, MTK367 "Iron, rolled products and metal products"

INTRODUCED by Gosstandart of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Minutes No. 13-98 dated May 28, 1998)

State name	Name of the national standardization body
The Republic of Azerbaijan	Azgosstandart
Republic of Belarus	State Standard of Belarus
	Gruzstandard
The Republic of Kazakhstan	State Standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic	Kyrgyzstandart
The Republic of Moldova	Moldovastandard
The Republic of Tajikistan	Tajik State Standard
Turkmenistan	Main State Inspectorate of Turkmenistan
The Republic of Uzbekistan	Uzgosstandart
	State Standard of Ukraine

3 By the Decree of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization and Metrology dated November 26, 1998 No. 425, the interstate standard GOST 7370-98 was put into effect directly as the state standard of the Russian Federation from January 1, 2000.

4 INSTEAD OF GOST 7370-86

GOST 7370-98

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Railway crosspieces of types Р75, Р65 and Р50

Specifications

Railroad frogs of P75, P65 and P50 types. Specifications

Introduction date 2000-01-01

1 area of use

This standard applies to crosses of types P75, P65 and P50, sharp and blunt, solid and prefabricated with a cast core, used on broad gauge railways, related to products of especially critical use, and their parts.

The crosspieces must comply with the requirements of traffic safety, labor protection and environmental safety established by the relevant regulatory documents.

The requirements of this standard are mandatory, except for 3.6 and 3.15.

2 Normative references

Deviations in the ladle sample of the content are allowed: carbon plus, minus 0.05%, manganese plus 1.50%, minus 0.50%, silicon plus 0.15%, minus 0.10%, phosphorus plus 0.01%, subject to satisfactory results of microstructure control and compliance with the level of the limits of the characteristics of the mechanical properties of the metal given in the table of this standard.

Table 1

It is allowed, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, to introduce alloying and modifying additives into steel.

3.3 The working area of core castings and solid crosses at a depth of at least 30 mm from the surface must have an austenitic structure without carbides.

3.4. Depending on the mechanical properties of high-manganese steel for core castings and solid crosses, the metal group is determined by the smallest of the mechanical properties according to the table.

table 2

	Mechanical properties for metal groups

Tensile strength, sv, N/mm2 (kgf/mm2)		St. 780 (80) to 880 (90) incl.	From 690 (70) to 780 (80) incl.
Yield strength s0.2, N/mm2 (kgf/mm2), not less than
Relative elongation, d, %		St. 25 to 30 incl.	From 16 to 25 incl.
Relative taper, y, %		St. 22 to 27 incl.	From 16 to 22 incl.
Impact strength, KCU, J/cm2 (kgf m/cm2)		St. 2.0 (20) to 2.5 (25) incl.	From 1.7 (17) to 2.0 (20) incl.

The metal of castings with permissible deviations in chemical composition must have the mechanical properties indicated in the table.

Table 3

3.5 Castings of cores and solid crosses must be cleaned of molding sand and burnt, gating systems removed.

In places that are difficult to access for processing, burn-in is allowed in accordance with ND.

Gating systems should be removed after heat treatment of castings by arc, air-arc or air-plasma cutting, followed by abrasive cleaning of the metal.

It is allowed to remove bulges before heat treatment of castings by mechanical chipping, followed by abrasive cleaning of the metal after heat treatment.

3.6 It is allowed to harden the rolling surface of the crosses by the explosion method or by other methods according to the ND.

3.7 Straightening of cores and solid crosses after heat treatment and hardening should be carried out in a cold state.

3.8 In the cores and solid crosses there should be no defects that prevent the normal operation of the crosses.

Types of external and internal defects allowed without correction and external defects subject to correction, their location, size, quantity, methods of their detection and correction must comply with the requirements of the RD.

3.9. The rail parts of the crosses must be made of rails of types R75, R65 and R50 of the first grade of groups I and II from open-hearth and oxygen-converter steel according to GOST 24182 for guard rails and according to GOST 18232 for counter rails.

3.10 The surface of the head of the working ends of the rail guards must be hardened in accordance with GOST 24182.

3.11 Castings from unalloyed steel for crosses, switches and counter rails must be made of steel of group I grades 15L - 45L, 20FL, 20GL, 20G1FL according to GOST 977.

3.12 Counter rail inserts must be made of gray cast iron grades SCH15 - SCH20 according to GOST 1412 or steel of group I grades 15L - 45L, 20GL, 20FL, 20PFL according to GOST 977.

In cast iron liners cast in a chill mold, the chill depth should not exceed 1 mm.

Cast parts of carbon steel crosses and switches and steel bearings of counter rails shall be subjected to heat treatment. Types and modes of heat treatment are established by the manufacturer.

3.14 Bolts must be manufactured in accordance with the technological regulations approved in the prescribed manner. The thread of the bolts must be lubricated with a mixture of axle oil in accordance with GOST 610 with graphite in accordance with GOST 5279 or GOST 5420.

3.15 Crosspieces with cast parts made of high-manganese steel of group I are recommended to be used in the main tracks of railways in areas with the highest traffic density.

4 Acceptance rules

4.1 To check the compliance of assembled frogs and their parts with the requirements of this standard and RD, the manufacturer must conduct acceptance, periodic and type tests.

4.2 Acceptance tests to verify the compliance of the crosses with the requirements of this standard and ND should be subjected to each cross in the assembly.

4.3 Acceptance of castings of cores and solid crosses should be carried out individually, and other steel and iron castings - in batches according to GOST 977, GOST 1412 and GOST 26358.

4.4 The quality of castings (except for castings made of high manganese steel) is checked in accordance with GOST 977, GOST 1412 and GOST 26358.

The dimensions to be checked, the methods of measurement and the scope of sampling are determined according to RD.

4.5 During acceptance tests of high-manganese steel castings, the appearance, dimensions, chemical composition and mechanical properties of the steel, the microstructure of the metal after heat treatment, and the hardness of the rolling surface after hardening are controlled.

4.5.1 Inspection of high-manganese steel castings in appearance is carried out to determine the presence of defects that are allowed without correction and are subject to correction by welding in accordance with the requirements of RD.

4.5.2 The control of the main dimensions of high-manganese steel castings is carried out on each casting. The dimensions to be checked and the methods of measurement are determined according to ND.

Control of all sizes of castings is carried out when a new model equipment is launched into production.

4.5.3 The chemical composition of the steel is determined for each heat.

4.5.4 The mechanical properties of high-manganese steel are determined for each heat in each charge of the heating furnace for heat treatment.

In the event of an unsatisfactory value of any of the mechanical properties, the control for the type of test for which an unsatisfactory result was obtained should be repeated on a double number of samples taken from the same heat and heat treatment charge. In the absence of test bars for samples, repeated tests are allowed to be carried out on a double number of samples made from blanks cut directly from the casting body of the same heat and load in the places specified by the ND.

The test results of a sample with a macrodefect in the fracture are not taken into account. Such a defective specimen shall be replaced by a spare specimen from the same heat and heat treatment charge.

In the event that unsatisfactory values of the mechanical properties of steel are obtained during repeated tests, it is allowed to subject the castings of this melt together with test bars (or parts remaining after previous tests) to repeated heat treatment and testing of mechanical properties. In the absence of test bars, it is allowed to make samples from the casting body. The results of these tests are final for all parts of a given heat in a given cage.

4.5.5 The microstructure of the metal is controlled on flash samples for each heat in each charge of the heat treatment furnace.

It is allowed to control the microstructure on melts with a maximum content of carbon and (or) silicon, and the results of this control should be applied to all melts of this charge.

Solid crosses and cores lagging behind other castings of the same heat, accepted by chemical composition, mechanical properties and microstructure, in the absence of samples for mechanical testing, it is allowed to accept only microstructures based on the results of control with their assignment to group III.

In the presence of carbides in the metal microstructure, it is allowed to re-heat-treat the castings together with tide samples with subsequent control of the microstructure.

Re-heat treatment is permitted only if it was not carried out on these castings after obtaining unsatisfactory results on the mechanical properties of the metal. Three-fold heat treatment of cores and solid crosses is not allowed.

4.5.6 The hardness control of the rolling surface of hardened cores and crosses is carried out in accordance with the RD.

4.6. During periodic and type tests of core castings and solid crosses according to GOST 16504, they are fractured and the dimensions of internal defects in fractures and microstructure are checked.

Permissible dimensions, number and location of defects are determined according to ND.

For periodic and type tests, at least one casting of each type and brand is selected.

If defects are found in the fracture of the casting of the core or solid cross, the dimensions of which exceed the permissible limits, the fracture tests must be repeated on a doubled number of castings.

In case of unsatisfactory results of re-inspection of internal defects and microstructure in the fracture of castings, urgent technological and technical measures must be taken to eliminate them and tests should be continued until positive results are obtained.

4.7 Periodic testing of core castings is carried out at least once a month, and castings of solid crosses - at least once every three months.

Type tests of core castings and solid crosses are carried out: when a new model equipment is launched into production, when the technological process for manufacturing castings changes, at the request of the quality control department of the manufacturer or the inspector-acceptor of the state railway management body.

5 Test methods

5.1 Samples for determining the chemical composition of steel and cast iron should be taken according to GOST 7565.

To determine the chemical composition of high-manganese steel, a sample is taken in the form of a scrap from a jet of liquid metal in the middle of casting a melt when pouring test bars for testing mechanical properties.

It is allowed to use chips taken from a test bar for mechanical testing or a special tide to the casting, as well as directly from the casting to determine the chemical composition.

Picture 1

The configuration and dimensions of the test bar and the location of the samples are shown in the figure. The position of specimens for tensile testing and for determining impact strength in test bars is not regulated and is shown conditionally in the figure. The profit margins indicated in the figure are considered minimum and may be increased depending on the production conditions. The number of test bars is set by the manufacturer.

To determine the mechanical properties in the absence of test bars, it is allowed to cut samples directly from the part of the same heat and heat treatment charge in the places established by the manufacturer.

5.3 The control of the microstructure should be carried out on one microsection prepared from a special sample-tide, which is separated from one of the castings before or after heat treatment.

The tides should be located at the most massive part of the castings or near the place where liquid metal is supplied to the casting mold. The location of the tide in the mold is set in ND.

It is allowed to perform a test in the form of a tide to the gating system.

The dimensions of the test-tide must be at least 30 ´ 40 ´ 50 mm or at least 40 mm in diameter with a length of 50 mm.

In the absence of tides, it is allowed to cut samples for microstructure control directly from the casting body in the places established by the manufacturer.

5.4 The chemical composition of high-manganese steel should be determined in accordance with GOST 12344, GOST 12345, GOST 12346, GOST 12347, on pendulum impact testers with a nominal pendulum potential energy of 300 J (30 kg × cm).

5.7 The mechanical properties of high-manganese steel during tensile and impact tests may be determined on one sample for each type of test.

5.8 The microstructure of the metal is controlled on metallographic sections prepared according to the technology of the manufacturer visually using microscopes at a magnification of 100x.

The plane of the microsection prepared from the tide should be located at a distance of at least 10 mm from the lower (along the casting of the part in the mold) plane of the tide.

It is allowed to control the metal structure of castings by magnetic or other physical methods using equipment and according to methods certified and approved in the prescribed manner.

5.9 The dimensions of the crosses and parts are checked with a universal measuring tool, templates and fixtures in accordance with the RD.

5.10 Casting defects are controlled visually.

The control of internal defects is carried out without the use of magnifying devices according to the type of core fracture or solid cross.

To control internal defects, it is allowed to use cores and solid crosses rejected by size and (or) surface defects.

6 Marking, packaging, transport and storage

6.1 Each casting of the core and one-piece cross, the cross as an assembly, as well as the components of the cross, shipped separately, must be marked in accordance with the RD.

Serial numbers of products annually begin with the first separately for each type and brand.

Marking of the metal group must be done by painting the lower half of the rear end of the core or solid crosspiece with blue oil paint for group I, white for group II and red for group III.

Crosses with deviations in the chemical composition of high manganese steel must have an additional marking immediately after the designation of the metal group.

Crosses with a hardened tread surface are marked with an additional index, which is applied with oil paint on the outer side surfaces of the rail guardrails.

The stamp of the technical control of the manufacturer must be stamped on the guard rail and the counter rail next to the trademark or symbol of the manufacturer.

6.3 In the groove from the tip towards the neck of each core casting and solid cross or in other places indicated in the drawing of the part, the following must be clearly cast: the serial number of the core or solid cross, trademark or symbol of the manufacturer, year of manufacture (last two digits).

The mark of the technical control of the manufacturer must be stamped on the rear end of the core or solid cross.

6.4. On the neck of each counter rail facing the track, the following must be applied with water-resistant white paint: serial number of the counter rail, trademark or symbol of the manufacturer, mark of the cross for which the counter rail is intended, year of manufacture (last two digits).

6.5 On each part made from rails by cutting them transversely, the number of the rail melting must be stamped on the end of the sole.

6.6 Linings shipped in packs or bundles, and other individual parts of the cross, shipped, must be marked with waterproof white paint in accordance with the requirements of ND.

6.7 The height of the marks applied by paint shall be at least 40 mm; cast marking marks - at least 15 mm; bulges - 2 - 3 mm; embossed markings - at least 5 mm.

6.8 Marking on boxes and plywood tags is carried out with waterproof black paint indicating the manufacturer, type of product and year of manufacture.

6.9 Each cross must be accompanied by a document in waterproof packaging in accordance with ND, certifying its compliance with the requirements of this standard.

The document must indicate:

Name of the manufacturer;

Type, brand, number of the cross and number of the drawing according to which it was made, year of manufacture;

Conclusion on the test results;

Metal group;

Symbol and surface hardness (for crosspieces with a hardened tread surface);

Melting number, core or solid cross number, year of manufacture;

Scheme of laying the cross;

The list, numbers and quantity of the main and separately shipped parts of the cross, indicating the serial numbers on the laying diagrams.

6.10 Organization and methods of storage, packaging and transportation of crosses and their components must comply with the requirements of GOST 15150 group OZH1 and GOST 9.014, option B3-0 and ND.

6.11 Finished products should be stored under a canopy or in open areas in accordance with the requirements of ND.

The storage of crosses at the manufacturer and their shipment to the consumer is carried out jointly, regardless of the quality groups of the metal.

6.12 Transportation of assembled frogs and their parts and assemblies should be carried out on open railway rolling stock in accordance with the requirements of the RD. For each unit of rolling stock, it is necessary to load products of the same type (type).

Keywords: railway frogs, solid and prefabricated with a cast core, broad gauge railways, technical requirements, acceptance rules, test methods, marking, packaging, transportation and storage

GOST 7370-98

Group B42

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Railway crosspieces of types Р75, Р65 and Р50

Specifications

Railroad frogs of P75, P65 and P50 types.
Specifications

MKS 45.080
OKP 31 8544
Introduction date 2000-01-01

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the All-Russian Research Institute of Railway Transport (VNIIZhT) of the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation, MTK 367 "Cast iron, rolled products and metal products"

INTRODUCED by Gosstandart of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Minutes N 13-98 dated May 28, 1998)

State name

Name of the national standardization body

The Republic of Azerbaijan

Azgosstandart

Republic of Belarus

State Standard of Belarus

Gruzstandard

The Republic of Kazakhstan

State Standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Kyrgyz Republic

Kyrgyzstandart

The Republic of Moldova

Moldovastandard

The Republic of Tajikistan

Tajik State Standard

Turkmenistan

Main State Inspectorate of Turkmenistan

The Republic of Uzbekistan

Uzgosstandart

State Standard of Ukraine

3 By Decree of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization and Metrology dated November 26, 1998 N 425, the interstate standard GOST 7370-98 was put into effect directly as the state standard of the Russian Federation from January 1, 2000.

4 INSTEAD OF GOST 7370-86

1 area of use

The crosspieces must comply with the requirements of traffic safety, labor protection and environmental safety established by the relevant regulatory documents.

The requirements of this standard are mandatory, except for 3.6 and 3.15.

GOST 9.014-78 Temporary anti-corrosion protection of products. General requirements

GOST 610-72 Axial oils. Specifications

GOST 977-88 Steel castings. General specifications

GOST 1412-85 Cast iron with lamellar graphite for castings. Stamps

GOST 1497-84 Metals. Tensile test methods

GOST 5279-74 Casting crystalline graphite. Specifications

GOST 5420-74 Cryptocrystalline graphite. Specifications

GOST 7565-81 Cast iron, steel and alloys. Sampling method for determining the chemical composition

GOST 9454-78 Metals. Test method for impact bending at low, room and elevated temperatures

GOST 12344-88 Alloyed and high-alloyed steels. Methods for determining carbon

GOST 12345-88 Alloyed and high-alloyed steels. Methods for determining ser

563.00 ₽

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Delivery methods

Express courier delivery (1-3 days)
Courier delivery (7 days)
Pickup from Moscow office
Russian Post

Applies to crosspieces of types Р75, Р65 and Р50 with fixed elements for turnouts, ramps and blind crossings of the 1520 mm broad gauge railway track for general and non-public use.

3.1 Terms and definitions

3.2 Symbols and abbreviations

5 Technical requirements

5.1 General requirements

5.2 Construction and dimensions

5.3 Requirements for materials and technologies

5.4 Completeness

5.5 Marking of crosses and their parts

6 Acceptance rules

6.1 General

6.2 Acceptance tests of crosses and their parts

6.3 Periodic and type tests

6.4 Sampling (sampling)

7 Control methods

7.1 Checking the dimensions and shape of crosses and their parts

7.2 Inspection for the presence and dimensions of surface defects and internal defects

7.3 Hardness test

7.4 Control of chemical composition

7.5 Control of mechanical properties

7.6 Microstructure control

7.7 Control during tests to demonstrate conformity

7.8 Checking the markings of crosses and their parts

7.9 Checking the magnetic induction of crosses

8 Transport and storage

9 Manufacturer's warranties

10 Instructions for use

Annex A (mandatory) An example of the designation of crosses when ordering

Appendix B (mandatory) Specification for defectiveness of cast parts made of high manganese steel, admissible without correction and with correction by welding

Annex B (mandatory) Non-destructive testing of crosses and their parts

This GOST is in:

Organizations:

27.08.2015	Approved	79-P
29.09.2015	Approved	1399-st
	Published	2015
	Designed
	Designed
	Designed

Railway frogs. Specifications

Normative references

GOST 1497-84 Metals. Tensile test methods
GOST 4133-73 Double-headed rail pads for broad gauge railways. Technical requirements . Replaced by GOST 33184-2014.
GOST 14782-86
GOST 21014-88 Rolled ferrous metals. Terms and definitions of surface defects
GOST 15150-69
GOST 12.1.004-91
GOST 16350-80
GOST 16504-81
GOST 18442-80 The control is non-destructive. capillary methods. General requirements
GOST 15.001-88 System for the development and production of products. Products for industrial purposes
GOST 2999-75 Metals and alloys. Vickers hardness method
GOST 9012-59 Metals. Brinell hardness method
GOST 14771-76 Arc welding in shielding gas. Connections are welded. Basic types. Structural elements and dimensions
GOST 12.1.001-89
GOST 7502-98 Roulettes measuring metal. Specifications
GOST 15.309-98 System for the development and production of products. Testing and acceptance of manufactured products. Basic provisions
GOST 12.3.020-80
GOST 166-89 Calipers. Specifications
GOST 10354-82 The film is polyethylene. Specifications
GOST 3749-77 Calibration squares 90°. Specifications
GOST 427-75 Metal measuring rulers. Specifications
GOST 8828-89 Base paper and two-layer waterproof packaging paper. Specifications
GOST 23170-78 Packaging for engineering products. General requirements
GOST 9.014-78
GOST 9454-78 Metals. Test method for impact bending at low, room and elevated temperatures
GOST 18321-73 Statistical quality control. Methods for random selection of samples of piece products
PB 03-372-00 Certification rules and basic requirements for non-destructive testing laboratories
GOST 2789-73 Surface roughness. Parameters and characteristics
GOST 977-88 Steel castings. General specifications
GOST 9378-93 Surface roughness samples (comparison). General specifications
GOST 30242-97 Joint defects in metal fusion welding. Classification, designation and definitions
GOST 12345-2001 Alloy and high alloy steels. Methods for the determination of sulfur
GOST 18576-96 The control is non-destructive. Railway rails. Ultrasonic methods
GOST R 15.201-2000 System for the development and production of products. Products for industrial and technical purposes. The procedure for the development and production of products. Replaced by GOST R 15.301-2016.
GOST 22536.0-87 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. General requirements for methods of analysis
GOST 22536.2-87 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for the determination of sulfur
GOST 22536.5-87 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determination of manganese
GOST 22536.8-87 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determining copper
GOST 22536.11-87 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Titanium determination methods
GOST 22536.1-88 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determining total carbon and graphite
GOST 22536.3-88 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Phosphorus determination methods
GOST 22536.4-88 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for the determination of silicon
GOST 22536.7-88 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Chromium determination methods
GOST 22536.9-88 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Nickel determination methods
GOST 22536.10-88 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for the determination of aluminum
GOST 22536.12-88 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Vanadium determination methods
GOST 6507-90 Micrometers. Specifications
PB 03-440-02 Rules for certification of personnel in the field of non-destructive testing
GOST 164-90 Height gauges. Specifications
GOST R 8.568-97 State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Test equipment certification. Basic Provisions . Replaced by GOST R 8.568-2017.
GOST 10877-76 Preservative oil K-17. Specifications
GOST 10-88 Inside micrometers. Specifications
GOST 11358-89 Thickness gauges and indicator wall gauges with a division value of 0.01 and 0.1 mm. Specifications
GOST 12346-78 Alloy and high alloy steels. Methods for the determination of silicon
GOST 12347-77 Alloy and high alloy steels. Phosphorus determination methods
GOST 12348-78 Alloy and high alloy steels. Methods for determination of manganese
GOST 18353-79 The control is non-destructive. Classification of types and methods. Replaced by GOST R 56542-2015.
GOST 18895-97 Steel. Photoelectric spectral analysis method
GOST 19537-83 Cannon grease. Specifications
GOST 20911-89 Technical diagnostics. Terms and Definitions
GOST 23479-79 The control is non-destructive. Optical view methods. General requirements
GOST 23829-85 Non-destructive acoustic control. Terms and Definitions
GOST 24522-80 Non-destructive capillary control. Terms and Definitions
GOST 25706-83 Loupes. Types, basic parameters. General technical requirements
GOST 26266-90 The control is non-destructive. Ultrasonic transducers. General technical requirements
GOST 26645-85
GOST 28033-89 Steel. Method of X-ray fluorescence analysis
GOST 28370-89 Crosspieces teams of brands 1/11 and 1/9. Main dimensions
GOST 5378-88 Goniometers with vernier. Specifications
GOST 610-72 Axial oils. Specifications. Replaced by GOST 610-2017.
GOST 7565-81 Cast iron, steel and alloys. Sampling method for determining the chemical composition
GOST 8.062-85
GOST 8.064-94 State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. State Verification Scheme for Rockwell and Super-Rockwell Hardness Measuring Instruments
GOST 8026-92 Verification lines. Specifications
GOST 868-82 Nutromery indicator with a division price of 0.01 mm. Specifications
GOST 8908-81 Basic norms of interchangeability. Normal angles and angle tolerances
GOST 8925-68 Flat probes for machine tools. Design
GOST 9013-59 Metals. Rockwell hardness method
GOST 9031-75 Measures of hardness are exemplary. Specifications
GOST 9038-90 Measures of length end plane-parallel. Specifications
GOST 9450-76 Measurement of microhardness by indentation of diamond tips
GOST 12344-2003 Alloy and high alloy steels. Methods for determining carbon
GOST 8.335-2004
Technical conditions for loading and securing cargo
GOST 9569-2006 Waxed paper. Specifications
GOST 380-2005 Carbon steel of ordinary quality. Stamps
GOST 535-2005 Sectioned and shaped rolled products made of carbon steel of ordinary quality. General specifications
GOST R ISO 6507-1-2007 Metals and alloys. Vickers hardness measurement. Part 1. Measurement method
GOST R 53441-2009 Basic norms of interchangeability. Characteristics of products are geometric. Normal angles and slopes of prisms
GOST R 53464-2009 Castings from metals and alloys. Dimensional, mass and machining allowances
GOST R 8.695-2009 State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Metals and alloys. Vickers hardness measurements. Part 2. Verification and calibration of hardness testers
GOST R 54153-2010 Steel. Method of atomic emission spectral analysis
GOST ISO 9001-2011 Quality management systems. Requirements
GOST 26877-2008 Metal products. Methods for measuring shape deviations
GOST R ISO 898-1-2011 Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon and alloy steels. Part 1. Bolts, screws and studs of established property classes with coarse and fine pitch threads
GOST 24182-80 Broad gauge railway rails of types P75, P65 and P50 made of open-hearth steel. Specifications
GOST 8.063-2012 State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. State verification scheme for measuring instruments for the hardness of metals and alloys on Vickers scales
GOST R 55443-2013 Railway track. Nomenclature of indicators of reliability and functional safety
GOST R ISO 6520-1-2012 Welding and related processes. Classification of geometry and continuity defects in metallic materials. Part 1: Fusion welding
GOST 2.601-2013
GOST R 51685-2013 Railway rails. General specifications
GOST R 55724-2013 The control is non-destructive. Connections are welded. Ultrasonic methods
GOST R ISO 898-2-2013 Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon and alloy steels. Part 2: Nuts of specified property classes with coarse and fine pitch threads
GOST 25346-2013 Basic norms of interchangeability. Characteristics of products are geometric. Tolerance system for linear dimensions. Basic provisions, tolerances, deviations and landings
GOST 5632-2014 Alloyed stainless steels and alloys are corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and heat-resistant. Stamps
GOST 1050-2013 Metal products from non-alloyed structural high-quality and special steels. General specifications
GOST 12.1.003-2014
MI 244-82 State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Methodical instructions. Microhardness tester PMT-3. Verification procedure
PR 32.113-98 Rules for certification of personnel for non-destructive testing of technical objects of railway transport

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INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE STANDARD

GOST

7370-

RAILWAY Frogs Specifications

Official edition

Standartinform

Foreword

The goals, basic principles and procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 “Interstate standardization system. Basic Provisions” and GOST 1.2-2009 “Interstate Standardization System. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for the development, adoption, application, updating and cancellation "

About the standard

1 DEVELOPED by the Open Joint Stock Company Scientific Research Institute of Railway Transport (OJSC VNIIZhT), design and technological design bureau for the way and track machines - a branch of JSC Russian Railways (PTKB TsP JSC Russian Railways), Federal State Unitary Enterprise Scientific Research Institute of Bridges and Flaw Detection of the Federal Agency for Railway Transport (NII Bridges)

2 INTRODUCED by the Interstate Technical Committee for Standardization MTK 524 "Railway Transport"

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Minutes of August 27, 2015 No. 79-P)

Short name of the country according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97	Country code according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97	Abbreviated name of the national standards body
		Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia
Belarus		State Standard of the Republic of Belarus
Kazakhstan		State Standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan		Kyrgyzstandart
		Rosstandart
Tajikistan		Tajikstandart
		Ministry of Economic Development of Ukraine

4 By order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated September 29, 2015 No. 1399-st, the interstate standard GOST 7370-2015 was put into effect as the national standard of the Russian Federation from July 1, 2016.

5 This standard can be applied on a voluntary basis to comply with the requirements of the technical regulations "On the safety of railway infrastructure" and "On the safety of high-speed rail transport"

3.1.22 wings: Parts of the cast core (except for cast cores for crosses with welded rail ends) located from the technological recess behind the rear tie-in to the rail guard retraction area.

Note - The wings of the cast core are shown in figure 3.7.

3.1.23 alloying elements: Elements deliberately introduced into steel to improve its physical, mechanical and service properties.

3.1.24 cast counter rail: Part of a blunt cast cross, which limits the transverse movement of the wheel from the side of the flange (see Figure 3.8).

3.1.25 cast core: A cast part of a rigid structure frog (with fixed elements) of the form of a common casting of a wedge and a wear part of the guardrails (a component of a prefabricated and monoblock frog) - a core casting that has passed all types of processing, acceptance of STK and is ready for assembly or welding of rail ends).

3.1.26 cast guardrail: Part of a single casting of the wedge with the most worn part of the guardrails of the cast core or solid cross from the tread surface to the bottom of the grooves during operation.

3.1.27 mathematical center of the cross; MCC: Point of intersection of the side surfaces of the wedge of the cast core at the measurement level.

3.1.28 monoblock frog: A frog with a one-piece core block, liners and welded rail ends.

3.1.29 start of cast guardrails: A cross section of a cast core without a cut-in (joint along an oblique front joint), where the cast guardrails rise above the bottom of the gutter (from the side of the front end of the cast core).

3.1.30 non-working surfaces of cast cores and solid crosses (castings and parts): All surfaces except for working surfaces and mating planes (upper, lower and mating planes of the sinuses).

3.1.31 discontinuity: An inhomogeneity of a metal that causes reflection or attenuation of ultrasonic waves sufficient to register it during control with a given sensitivity.

3.1.32 lower mating plane: The inclined plane of the cast core stop in the upper part of the foot of the rail guard.

3.1.33 normative operating time: The average operating time of the frogs of a specific design (project), established by the consumer in agreement with the manufacturer, provided that the frogs are operated in accordance with national standards and regulatory documents for the maintenance of the railway track in force for this infrastructure on the territory of the state that adopted the standard.

3.1.34 dangerous defect (operational): Type of defect, the presence of which can be qualified as a dangerous failure of the cross.

Note - The list of dangerous defects for crosses of specific structures is indicated in the regulatory documents in force on the territory of the state that adopted the standard *.

3.1.35 dangerous failure: A failure that endangers the safety of train traffic and requires immediate replacement of the frog.

Notes

1 Dangerous failures should be divided into failures that occur due to a violation of the frog manufacturing technology, and failures that occur due to a violation of the track maintenance technology.

2 The types of failures of the crosses are indicated in the regulatory documents in force on the territory of the state that adopted the standard *.

3.1.36 reference signal: An echo signal from a reference reflector or an echo signal from a reflector (artificial or constructive) in the sample of the test object, or a signal obtained by sounding the sample of the test object, used to adjust the sensitivity of the control.

3.1.37 reference sensitivity level: Gain value at which the reference signal reaches the threshold level.

3.1.38 rail base: The surface of the rail on which it rests on the rail support.

The rules for technical operation and regulatory documents that establish operational defects that threaten the safety of train traffic for this railway infrastructure are approved by the national executive authority of the state that adopted the standard. On the territory of the Russian Federation, for the infrastructure of railway transport, the Rules for the Technical Operation of Railways of the Russian Federation, approved by Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated December 21, 2010 No. 286, and the Classification of Defects and Damages of Turnout Elements (Addendum to NTD / TsP-1-93), the Catalog of Defects and Damages of Turnout Elements (Addendum to NTD / TsP-2-93), Signs of Defective and Acutely Defective Turnout Elements (Addendum to NTD / TsP-3-93), approved by the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation on January 27, 1996 // M .: Transport, 1996. 64 p.

3.1.39 residual elements

3.1.40 sharp cross: An element of a turnout designed to cross two rail lines of different directions of movement, consisting of the sharp part of the core wedge and two guard rails.

3.1.41 core, monobloc, or solid cross casting: A high-manganese steel casting that has undergone several types of treatment (heat treatment, abrasive cleaning, hardening or no hardening) and is prepared for machining.

NOTE The sinus is shown in Figure 3.11.

3.1.42 sinus: A recess on the side surface in the tail part of the casting and the cast part, limited by the head, neck and sole, adjacent to the end of the casting (part) and up to the alignment section of the recess with the side surface of the wedge on the opposite side.

3.1.43 front end the end of a cast core opposite the back end.

3.1.44 front tie-in: The joint section of the cast core guardrail and the rail guardrail near the front end of the cast core in the presence of a tie-in into the rail guardrail.

3.1.45 transition zone: The zone from the section where the support of the cast core on the rail guardrails by the lower mating planes ends, to the section where the cast core begins to rest on the bottom of the tail section.

Notes

1 This term should not be used for shortened cast cores of prefabricated crosses with welded rail ends.

2 The transition zone is shown in Figure 3.12, the bold contour highlights the sections of the transition zone where it is forbidden to correct defects by welding for crosses of all categories, except for RD.

3.1.46 melting: The volume of steel smelted at a time in a steelmaking unit.

3.1.47 sole: The lower horizontal surface of the tail part of the cast core along the length from the section where the support begins to the rear end.

3.1.48 threshold level: Threshold of operation of the amplitude selector of the ASD circuit or a predetermined value along the A-scan ordinate.

3.1.49 limit template (template): A scaleless tool designed to control the dimensions, shape and relative position of the surfaces of a part, having a through and through sides (upper and lower deviations from the nominal size) and allowing you to control the size in the tolerance field.

3.1.50 sinus mating planes: Planes in the sinuses that are machined for the installation of butt plates.

3.1.51 control protocol: A checklist on paper containing objective information that guarantees the performance of non-destructive testing of this particular object at a given time, and signed by specialists who performed non-destructive testing.

3.1.52 working surfaces of the cast core: The surfaces of the cast core, on which contact between the core and the wheels of the rolling stock is possible.

Note - The working surfaces of the cast core include: the upper rolling surfaces of the cast guardrails to their full width, the side surfaces of the cast guardrails from the side of the gutters to a depth of 25 mm (counting from the upper tread surface), the mating surfaces of these surfaces along the working faces - at a length from the front end (when articulating along an oblique front joint from the section of the cast guardrail 25 mm) to the wedge section 50 mm; side surfaces of the wedge from the side of the grooves to a depth of 25 mm (counting from the upper tread surface), mating surfaces and the upper tread surface of the wedge to the full width from the wedge section of 12 mm to the wedge section of 140 mm and to a width of 70 mm on both sides (counting from the working edges to the middle of the wedge) from the wedge section of 140 mm to the rear end of the core.

3.1.53 working surfaces of a one-piece cast cross (cast part): Working surfaces specified in 3.1.52 for a cast core, with the exception of the technological recess in the tail of the cross.

3.1.54 rail guard: A part of a prefabricated cross, made from a rail by cutting, bending and machining, enclosing a cast core and attached to it with bolts.

3.1.55 charging (heat treatment): Cast parts that have been simultaneously and jointly heated in a thermal furnace and annealed.

3.1.56 prefabricated cross: An element of a switch, consisting of several parts: rail guardrails, a cast core, an insert or rail end of the rear overhang, and fasteners.

3.1.57 welded frog: An element of a switch, consisting of rail guardrails, a cast core with rail ends welded to its rear end (prefabricated frog with welded rail ends).

3.1.58 through gap: A gap in which the probe can pass unhindered along the entire plane of support (adjacency) of the controlled surfaces.

3.1.59 mean time to dangerous failure: Mean time of frogs of a particular design (project) before the first dangerous failure occurs.

3.1.60 mean time between failures: The ratio of the total operating time of the frogs of a particular design (project) to the number of their failures during this operating time.

3.1.61 blunt cross: An element of a double cross turnout or blind crossing, designed to cross two rail threads of different directions of movement, consisting of two wedges, a guard rail and a counter rail (cast).

NOTE A blunt solid cross is shown in figure 3.8.

conditional length of the defect: The size in millimeters corresponding to the length of the zone between the extreme positions of the inclined transducer moving along the plane oriented perpendicular to the plane of incidence of the ultrasonic wave, within which the signal from the defect is recorded at a given conditional sensitivity of the flaw detector.

VM-steel - high manganese steel;

TRC - temporary sensitivity adjustment;

I - emitter;

KD - design documentation;

KK - capillary control;

MCC - mathematical center of the cross;

ND - normative document;

NK - non-destructive testing;

P - receiver;

PEP - piezoelectric transducer;

SI - measuring instruments;

STK - technical control service of the manufacturer (switch plant);

TD - technological document;

TI - technological instruction;

UShS - universal template of the welder;

UZK - ultrasonic control.

4 Classification and categories of crosses

4.1 Crosses with fixed elements are subdivided according to:

a) designs:

1) conventional crosses (with straight side working edges),

2) curvilinear crosses (with curvilinear side working faces);

b) types (for joining with applied rails):

c) marks or by the angle of intersection (1/22; 1/18; 1/14; 1/11; 1/9; 1/7; 1/6; 2/11; 2/9; 2/7; 2/6; 27°; 45°; 90°, etc.);

d) the type of under-rail base (wooden, reinforced concrete, metal, etc.) for laying crosses;

e) hardening:

1) unreinforced,

2) hardened (explosion (BB) or other method (VD));

e) a structure determined by a place in a turnout, ramp or blind intersection:

1) sharp,

3) rectangular

4) oblique;

g) design execution:

1) prefabricated with rail guardrails and a cast core (from VM-steel) with a molded insert end of the rear departure,

2) prefabricated with rail guardrails and a cast core (from VM-steel) with an insert-on-laying end of the rear departure,

3) prefabricated with rail guardrails and a shortened cast core (made of VM-steel) with rail ends welded to its rear end,

4) monoblock with a cast core or monoblock (from VM-steel) and four welded rail ends),

5) solid cast (made of VM-steel) with insert ends of the front and rear overhangs,

6) solid cast (from VM-steel) with rail ends of the front and rear overhangs,

7) solid cast with four welded rail ends;

i) the design of the joint of the cast core and rail guards of sharp crosses (see Figure 4.1):

1) with a radius front insert (see Figure 4.1 - top, Figure 4.4),

2) with reduced inset,

3) without a front tie-in (joint along an oblique front joint), (see figure 4.1 - options 1 and 2, figures 4.2 and 4.3);

4) with a cast block of the core and guardrails (monoblock).

1 - core; 2 - rail guardrail; 3 - front insert; other designations - according to GOST 28370

Figure 4.2 - Prefabricated cross without a front tie-in (joint along an oblique front joint) with a merged core and welded rail

endings

and

Note - The longitudinal profile of the cast guardrail is shown along the line E-E (the highest point of the cast guardrail), the core - along the line G-Zh.

All designations and dimensions are in accordance with GOST 28370. h4** - measurement level.

d*** - the level of the top of the cast guardrails, from which the position of the top of the core wedge is counted.

Figure 4.4 - View of sections 20 and 50 mm of a sharp prefabricated cross with a radius cut of a cast core into rail guardrails

GOST 7370-2015

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet

In the Russian Federation, this standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated and distributed as an official publication without the permission of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

4.2 Crosses are classified into the categories shown in Table 4.1.

crosses	Characteristics of the cross
	Crosspieces with a fused core or a monoblock made of VM-steel of the 1st group in terms of mechanical properties (high) and the 1st group in terms of foundry defects (low)
	Crosspieces with a fused core or a monoblock made of VM-steel of the 2nd group in terms of mechanical properties (medium) and the 1st group in terms of foundry defects (low)
	Crosspieces with a fused core or a monoblock made of VM-steel of the 3rd group in terms of mechanical properties (lower) and the 1st group in terms of foundry defects (low)
	Crosspieces with a fused core or a monoblock made of VM-steel of the 1st, 2nd or 3rd groups in terms of mechanical properties and the 3D group in terms of foundry defectiveness (increased)
Note - "BB" - a cross (increased wear resistance) has a cast part made of VM-steel with an explosion-hardened rolling surface in the rolling zone, "VD" - a cross (increased wear resistance) has a cast part made of VM-steel with a rolling surface hardened by another method in the rolling zone, "НН" - a cross (low-temperature reliability) has a cast part made of VM-steel with increased impact strength at a temperature of minus 60 °C.

5 Technical requirements

5.1 General requirements

5.1.1 Crosses and their parts should be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the manufacturer's technological documentation.

5.1.2 The manufacturer must have a certified quality management system not lower than the requirements of GOST ISO 9001.

5.1.3 According to the strength conditions, the stresses in the crosses from the impact of the railway rolling stock should not exceed:

110 MPa - on the lower edges of the transition zone of cast parts from VM-steel;

240 MPa - on the lower (supporting) surface and on the side edges of the sole of the rail elements of the crosses.

5.1.4 The reliability of the frogs should ensure the safe passage of trains at a set speed under the specified operating conditions with the current system of maintenance (current maintenance of the track) and repairs.

The nomenclature of indicators of reliability of crosses for this infrastructure of railway transport - in accordance with the national legislation of the state that adopted the standard 1, but not less than the specified one:

mean time between failures X 0 (million tons of gross);

probability of failure-free operation P(t)\

average resource T p (million tons of gross);

mean time to dangerous failure Х op (million tons of gross);

dangerous failure rate A op (1/million tons of gross).

Note - For railroad crossings, the operating time is the volume of cargo passed, measured in million gross tons.

GOST 7370-2015

1 Scope....................................................................................1

3 Terms and definitions, designations and abbreviations...............................................4

3.1 Terms and definitions...............................................................4

3.2 Symbols and abbreviations...............................................................11

5 Specifications....................................................................................17

5.1 General requirements....................................................................17

5.2 Design and dimensions...............................................................18

5.3 Requirements for materials and technologies....................................................19

5.4 Contents ...............................................................................25

5.5 Marking crosses and their parts...............................................................26

6 Acceptance Rules....................................................................27

6.1 General ...............................................................................27

6.2 Acceptance testing of crosses and their parts .................................................................28

6.3 Periodic and type tests....................................................................31

6.4 Sampling (sampling) ...............................................................................34

7 Control methods....................................................................35

7.1 Checking the dimensions and shape of the crosses and their parts .............................................35

7.2 Inspection for the presence and size of surface defects and internal defects.......................37

7.3 Hardness test....................................................................37

7.4 Control of the chemical composition...............................................................37

7.5 Control of mechanical properties...............................................................38

7.6 Microstructure control...............................................................39

7.7 Inspection during tests to demonstrate conformity ..............................................40

7.8 Checking the markings of crosses and their parts .............................................................40

7.9 Checking the magnetic induction of the crosses..............................................................40

8 Transport and storage..............................................................41

9 Manufacturer's warranties..............................................................................41

10 Instructions for use..............................................................................42

Annex A (mandatory) Example of designation of crosses when ordering ....................................... 44

Annex B (mandatory) Technical requirements for defectiveness

cast parts made of high manganese steel,

admissible without correction and with correction by welding ............................... 45

Annex B (normative) Non-destructive testing of crosses and their parts ..................................52

Bibliography ..........................................................................61

INTERSTATE STANDARD

RAILWAY CROSSBOWS

Specifications Railway frogs. Specifications

Introduction date - 2016-07-01

1 area of use

This standard applies to crosses of types Р75, Р65 and Р50 with fixed elements (hereinafter referred to as crosses) for turnouts, ramps and blind crossings of the 1520 mm broad gauge railway track for general and non-public use.

2 Normative references

This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 2.601-2013 Unified system for design documentation. Operational documents GOST 8.062-85 State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. State special standard and state verification scheme for hardness measuring instruments according to Brinell scales

GOST 8.063-2012 State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. State verification scheme for measuring instruments for the hardness of metals and alloys on the Vickers scale

GOST 8.064-94 State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. State verification scheme for hardness measuring instruments on Rockwell and Super-Rockwell scales

GOST 8.335-2004 State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Reference hardness measures. Verification procedure

GOST 9.014-78 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Temporary anticorrosive protection of products. General requirements

GOST 12.1.001-89 System of labor safety standards. Ultrasound. General safety requirements

GOST 12.1.003-2014 Occupational safety standards system. Noise. General safety requirements GOST 12.1.004-91 Occupational safety standards system. Fire safety. General requirements

GOST 12.3.020-80 Occupational safety standards system. The processes of movement of goods in enterprises. General safety requirements

GOST 15.001-88 * System for the development and production of products. Products for industrial purposes

* GOST R 15.201-2000 “System for the development and production of products. Products for industrial and technical purposes. The procedure for the development and production of products.

Official edition

GOST 15.309-98 System for the development and production of products. Testing and acceptance of manufactured products. Fundamentals (ISO 410-82, ISO 6506-81) Metals. Brinell hardness measurement method Conservation oil K-17. Specifications

GOST 14782-86 2 Non-destructive testing. Connections are welded. Ultrasonic methods GOST 15150-69 Machines, instruments and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, conditions of operation, storage and transportation in terms of the impact of environmental climatic factors

GOST 16350-80 Climate of the USSR. Zoning and statistical parameters of climatic factors for technical purposes

GOST 16504-81 State product testing system. Testing and quality control of products. Basic terms and definitions

GOST ISO/IEC 17025-2009 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories

GOST 18267-82 3 Railway rails of types Р50, Р65 and Р75 of broad gauge, heat-treated by bulk quenching in oil. Specifications

Instruments for measuring electrical and magnetic quantities. General technical specificationsGOST 22536.8-87 4 Broad gauge railway rails of types Р75, Р65 and Р50 made of open-hearth steel. SpecificationsGOST 28370-89 Combined crosspieces grades 1/11 and 1/9. Main dimensions GOST 30242-97 6 Defects in joints in metal fusion welding. Classification, designation and definitions

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (modified), then when using this standard, you should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If the referenced standard is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent that this reference is not affected.

3 Terms and definitions, designations and abbreviations

3.1 Terms and definitions

This standard uses the terms according to GOST 16504, GOST 20911, GOST 21014, GOST 23829, GOST 24522, GOST 30242, as well as the following terms with the corresponding definitions:

3.1.1 automatic defect signaling; ASD: Automatic signaling of the detection of a signal whose amplitude is above a given threshold level.

3.1.2 lateral edge of the base of the rail elements: the vertical edge of the base of the rail between the radii R2 and RA.

3.1.3 lateral mating plane: The plane of the stop of the cast guardrail of the core in the milled window in the head and in the neck of the rail guard.

3.1.4 defective part: A part that does not conform to the specified requirements, the elimination of which is impossible (in accordance with the requirements of this standard).

3.1.5 variant of the ultrasonic testing method: The set of values of the main parameters of this ultrasonic testing method used in this sounding scheme.

3.1.6 checklist: A document issued by a non-destructive testing tool on paper or electronic media and containing information about the type and identification characteristics of the non-destructive testing object, the regulatory document in accordance with which the non-destructive testing was performed, the main parameters, results, date, time and non-destructive testing performers.

3.1.7 probability of failure-free operation: The probability that, within a given operating time, a failure of a crosspiece of a particular design (project) will not occur.

3.1.8 top and bottom surfaces: The top and bottom surfaces of the casting and casting are considered to be in the position of the casting and casting, as in the use of crosses.

Throat

3.1.11 bead: Oxidized metal on the surface of a welded joint, squeezed out during upsetting.

3.1.12 defect (manufacturing): One discontinuity or a group of concentrated discontinuities, not provided for by design and technological documents and independent of other discontinuities in terms of impact on the object.

3.1.13 defective part: A part that fails to meet specified requirements and needs to be corrected.

3.1.14 diaphragm: An element of the bottom of the gutter, connecting the cast guard rails to each other and to the wedge of the core or solid cross.

NOTE Diaphragm and cast core trough are shown in figure 3.3.

3.1.15 groove: A recess on the upper surface of the cast core and solid cross, separating the cast guard rails (cast guard rail), wings and wedge, wedges and cast counter rail.

3.1.16 rear end: The end surface of a cast core or a solid cast cross on the side of the rear projection of the cross.

NOTE The rear end of the cast core is shown in Figure 3.4.

Figure 3.4 - Cast core of the assembled cross and its rear end

3.1.17 rear tie-in: The joint section of the cast guardrail of the core and the rail guardrail, opposite the front tie-in, if there is a tie-in in the rail guardrail.

Note - The back insert of the cast core is shown in figure 3.5.

yy) yy) yy) yy) hm yy) hm hm yy) hm

uj uj uj U_j UJ uj I 1 U_|

Rear notch

Figure 3.5 - Rear insertion of the cast core of the assembled cross

3.1.18 rolling zone: The zone of a cast core or a solid cross from the throat to a wedge section of 60 mm.

NOTE Hereinafter, for sharp cast cores (and sharp solid frogs), the position of important cross sections of the casting and frog assembly is determined by measuring the width of the wedge (in millimeters) at the measurement level (see Figures 4.2-4.4) or from the design documents for each project (the position of these sections is specifically indicated).

3.1.19 dangerous failure rate: The ratio of the number of dangerous failures of frogs of a particular design (project) to their operating time during the observation period.

3.1.20 wedge: Part of a cast core or solid cross from the tread surface to the bottom of the grooves along the length from the mathematical center to the rear end.

NOTE The cast core wedge is shown in figure 3.6.

3.1.21 __________

defect detection factor for the echo method: The coefficient corresponding to the ratio of the maximum echo signal amplitude from a defect to the maximum echo signal amplitude from a cylindrical hole with a diameter of 6 mm at a depth of 44 mm in a CO-2 (CO-2R) or CO-3R standard sample

[GOST 18576-96, Appendix A]

On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST R 55443-2013 “Railway track. Nomenclature of Reliability and Functional Safety Indicators”.

GOST R 55724-2013 “Non-destructive testing. Connections are welded. Ultrasonic methods.

GOST R 51685-2013 is valid on the territory of the Russian Federation

GOST R 51685-2013 “Railway rails. General technical conditions".

On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST R 53464-2009 “Castings from metals and alloys. Tolerances of dimensions, weights and allowances for machining.

On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST R ISO 6520-1-2012 “Welding and related processes. Classification of geometry and continuity defects in metallic materials. Part 1. Fusion welding.

GOST 7370-98

Group B42

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Railway crosspieces of types Р75, Р65 and Р50

Specifications

Railroad frogs of P75, P65 and P50 types.
Specifications

MKS 45.080
OKP 31 8544

Introduction date 2000-01-01

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the All-Russian Research Institute of Railway Transport (VNIIZhT) of the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation, MTK 367 “Iron, rolled products and metal products”

INTRODUCED by Gosstandart of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Minutes N 13-98 dated May 28, 1998)

Voted to accept:


State name	Name of the national standardization body
The Republic of Azerbaijan	Azgosstandart
Republic of Belarus	State Standard of Belarus
Georgia	Gruzstandard
The Republic of Kazakhstan	State Standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic	Kyrgyzstandart
The Republic of Moldova	Moldovastandard
The Republic of Tajikistan	Tajik State Standard
Turkmenistan	Main State Inspectorate of Turkmenistan
The Republic of Uzbekistan	Uzgosstandart
Ukraine	State Standard of Ukraine

4 INSTEAD OF GOST 7370-86

1 area of use

This standard applies to crosses of types P75; P65 and P50 sharp and blunt, solid and prefabricated with a cast core, used on broad gauge railways, related to products of especially critical use, and on their parts.

The crosspieces must comply with the requirements of traffic safety, labor protection and environmental safety established by the relevant regulatory documents.

The requirements of this standard are mandatory, except for 3.6 and 3.15.

2 Normative references

This standard uses references to the following standards:

GOST 9.014-78 Temporary anti-corrosion protection of products. General requirements

GOST 610-72 Axial oils. Specifications

GOST 977-88 Steel castings. General specifications

GOST 1412-85 Cast iron with lamellar graphite for castings. Stamps

GOST 1497-84 Metals. Tensile test methods

GOST 5279-74 Casting crystalline graphite. Specifications

GOST 5420-74 Cryptocrystalline graphite. Specifications

GOST 7565-81 Cast iron, steel and alloys. Sampling method for determining the chemical composition

GOST 9454-78 Metals. Test method for impact bending at low, room and elevated temperatures

GOST 12344-88 Alloyed and high-alloyed steels. Methods for determining carbon

GOST 12345-88 Alloyed and high-alloyed steels. Methods for the determination of sulfur

GOST 12346-78 Alloy and high alloy steels. Methods for the determination of silicon

GOST 12347-77 Alloyed and high-alloyed steels. Phosphorus determination methods

GOST 12348-78 Alloy and high alloy steels. Methods for determination of manganese

GOST 15150-69 Machinery, instruments and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, conditions of operation, storage and transportation in terms of the impact of environmental climatic factors

GOST 16504-81 State product testing system. Testing and quality control of products. Basic terms and definitions

GOST 18232-83 Counter-rail rails. Specifications

GOST 22536.0-87 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. General requirements for methods of analysis

GOST 22536.1-88 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determining total carbon and graphite

GOST 22536.2-87 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for the determination of sulfur

GOST 22536.3-88 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Phosphorus determination methods

GOST 22536.4-88 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for the determination of silicon

GOST 22536.5-87 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determination of manganese

GOST 24182-80 Wide gauge railway rails of types R75, R65 and R50 made of open-hearth steel. Specifications

GOST 26358-84 Cast iron castings. General specifications

GOST 26645-85 Castings from metals and alloys. Dimensional tolerances, weights and machining allowances.

3 Technical requirements

3.1. Crosses and their parts should be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard, according to the technological regulations and regulatory documents (RD), approved in the prescribed manner.

3.2 Cores and solid crosses should be made of high-manganese austenitic steel grade 110G13L, the chemical composition of which must comply with the standards specified in Table 1.

Table 1


Mass fraction of elements, %
carbon	manganese	silicon	no more
			phosphorus

Deviations in the ladle sample of the content are allowed: carbon plus, minus 0.05%, manganese plus 1.50%, minus 0.50%, silicon plus 0.15%, minus 0.10%, phosphorus plus 0.01%, subject to satisfactory results of microstructure control and compliance with the level of the limits of characteristics of the mechanical properties of the metal given in Table 3 of this standard.

It is allowed, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, to introduce alloying and modifying additives into steel.

3.3 The working area of core castings and solid crosses at a depth of at least 30 mm from the surface must have an austenitic structure without carbides.


Name of indicator	Mechanical properties for metal groups

	St. 880 (90)	St. 780 (80) to 880 (90) incl.	From 690 (70) to 780 (80) incl.
Yield strength, N/mm (kgf/mm), not less than
Relative extension, , %		St. 25 to 30 incl.	From 16 to 25 incl.
Relative narrowing, , %		St. 22 to 27 incl.	From 16 to 22 incl.
Impact strength, J/cm (kgf m/cm)	St. 2.5 (25)	St. 2.0 (20) to 2.5 (25) incl.	From 1.7 (17) to 2.0 (20) incl.

The metal of castings with permissible deviations in chemical composition according to 3.2 must have the mechanical properties indicated in table 3.

Table 3


Name of indicator	Value (at least)
Tensile strength, N/mm (kgf/mm)
Conditional yield strength, N/mm (kgf/mm)
Relative extension, , %
Relative narrowing, , %
Impact strength, J/cm (kgf m/cm)

3.5 Castings of cores and solid crosses must be cleaned of molding sand and burnt, gating systems removed.

In places that are difficult to access for processing, burn-in is allowed in accordance with ND.

Gating systems should be removed after heat treatment of castings by arc, air-arc or air-plasma cutting, followed by abrasive cleaning of the metal.

It is allowed to remove bulges before heat treatment of castings by mechanical chipping, followed by abrasive cleaning of the metal after heat treatment.

3.6 It is allowed to harden the rolling surface of the crosses by the explosion method or by other methods according to the ND.

3.7 Straightening of cores and solid crosses after heat treatment and hardening should be carried out in a cold state.

3.8 In the cores and solid crosses there should be no defects that prevent the normal operation of the crosses.

Types of external and internal defects allowed without correction and external defects subject to correction, their location, size, quantity, methods of their detection and correction must comply with the requirements of the RD.

3.10 The surface of the head of the working ends of the rail guards must be hardened in accordance with GOST 24182.

3.11 Castings from unalloyed steel for crosses, switches and counter rails must be made of steel of group I grades 15L - 45L, 20FL, 20GL, 20G1FL according to GOST 977.

3.12 Counter rail inserts must be made of gray cast iron grades SCH15 - SCH20 according to GOST 1412 or steel of group I grades 15L - 45L, 20GL, 20FL, 20G1FL according to GOST 977.

In cast iron liners cast in a chill mold, the chill depth should not exceed 1 mm.

3.13 The quality and accuracy characteristics of the manufacture of general-purpose castings and counter rail inserts must comply with the requirements of GOST 26645 and must be indicated in the drawings and RD.

Cast parts of carbon steel crosses and switches and steel bearings of counter rails shall be subjected to heat treatment. Types and modes of heat treatment are established by the manufacturer.

3.15 Crosspieces with cast parts made of high-manganese steel of group I are recommended to be used in the main tracks of railways in areas with the highest traffic density.

4 Acceptance rules

4.1 To check the compliance of assembled frogs and their parts with the requirements of this standard and RD, the manufacturer must conduct acceptance, periodic and type tests.

4.2 Acceptance tests to verify the compliance of the crosses with the requirements of this standard and ND should be subjected to each cross in the assembly.

4.3 Acceptance of castings of cores and solid crosses should be carried out individually, and other steel and iron castings - in batches according to GOST 977, GOST 1412 and GOST 26358.

4.4 The quality of castings (except for castings made of high manganese steel) is checked in accordance with GOST 977, GOST 1412 and GOST 26358.

The dimensions to be checked, the methods of measurement and the scope of sampling are determined according to RD.

4.5.2 The control of the main dimensions of high-manganese steel castings is carried out on each casting. The dimensions to be checked and the methods of measurement are determined according to ND.

Control of all sizes of castings is carried out when a new model equipment is launched into production.

4.5.3 The chemical composition of the steel is determined for each heat.

4.5.4 The mechanical properties of high-manganese steel are determined for each heat in each charge of the heating furnace for heat treatment.

In the event of an unsatisfactory value of any of the mechanical properties, the control for the type of test for which an unsatisfactory result was obtained should be repeated on a double number of samples taken from the same heat and heat treatment charge. In the absence of test bars for samples, repeated tests are allowed to be carried out on a double number of samples made from blanks cut directly from the casting body of the same heat and load in the places specified by the ND.

The test results of a sample with a macrodefect in the fracture are not taken into account. Such a defective specimen shall be replaced by a spare specimen from the same heat and heat treatment charge.

In the event that unsatisfactory values of the mechanical properties of steel are obtained during repeated tests, it is allowed to subject the castings of this melt together with test bars (or parts remaining after previous tests) to repeated heat treatment and testing of mechanical properties. In the absence of test bars, it is allowed to make samples from the casting body. The results of these tests are final for all parts of a given heat in a given cage.

4.5.5 The microstructure of the metal is controlled on flash samples for each heat in each charge of the heat treatment furnace.

It is allowed to control the microstructure on melts with a maximum content of carbon and (or) silicon, and the results of this control should be applied to all melts of this charge.

Solid crosses and cores lagging behind other castings of the same heat, accepted by chemical composition, mechanical properties and microstructure, in the absence of samples for mechanical testing, it is allowed to accept only microstructures based on the results of control with their assignment to group III.

In the presence of carbides in the metal microstructure, it is allowed to re-heat-treat the castings together with tide samples with subsequent control of the microstructure.

Re-heat treatment is permitted only if it was not carried out on these castings after obtaining unsatisfactory results on the mechanical properties of the metal. Three-fold heat treatment of cores and solid crosses is not allowed.

4.5.6 The hardness control of the rolling surface of hardened cores and crosses is carried out in accordance with the RD.

4.6. During periodic and type tests of core castings and solid crosses according to GOST 16504, they are fractured and the dimensions of internal defects in fractures and microstructure are checked.

Permissible dimensions, number and location of defects are determined according to ND.

For periodic and type tests, at least one casting of each type and brand is selected.

If defects are found in the fracture of the casting of the core or solid cross, the dimensions of which exceed the permissible limits, the fracture tests must be repeated on a doubled number of castings.

In case of unsatisfactory results of re-inspection of internal defects and microstructure in the fracture of castings, urgent technological and technical measures must be taken to eliminate them and tests should be continued until positive results are obtained.

4.7 Periodic testing of core castings is carried out at least once a month, and castings of solid crosses - at least once every three months.

Type tests of core castings and solid crosses are carried out: when a new model equipment is launched into production, when the technological process for manufacturing castings changes, at the request of the quality control department of the manufacturer or the inspector-acceptor of the state railway management body.

5 Test methods

5.1 Samples for determining the chemical composition of steel and cast iron should be taken according to GOST 7565.

To determine the chemical composition of high-manganese steel, a sample is taken in the form of a scrap from a jet of liquid metal in the middle of casting a melt when pouring test bars for testing mechanical properties.

It is allowed to use chips taken from a test bar for mechanical testing or a special tide to the casting, as well as directly from the casting to determine the chemical composition.

5.2 Test bars for determining the mechanical properties of high-manganese steel are cast in the middle of pouring a melt into dry sand molds and subjected to heat treatment together with the details of this melt.

The configuration and dimensions of the test bar and the location of the samples are shown in Figure 1. The position of the samples for tensile testing and for determining the impact strength in the test bars is not regulated and is shown conditionally in Figure 1. The profit margins indicated in the figure are considered minimum and may be increased depending on the production conditions. The number of test bars is set by the manufacturer.

Picture 1

5.3 The control of the microstructure should be carried out on one microsection prepared from a special sample-tide, which is separated from one of the castings before or after heat treatment.

The tides should be located at the most massive part of the castings or near the place where liquid metal is supplied to the casting mold. The location of the tide in the mold is set in ND.
GOST 12347 GOST 9454 on pendulum impactors with nominal potential energy of the pendulum 300 J (30 kg cm).

5.7 The mechanical properties of high-manganese steel during tensile and impact tests may be determined on one sample for each type of test.

5.8 The microstructure of the metal is controlled on metallographic sections prepared according to the technology of the manufacturer visually using microscopes at a magnification of 100.

The plane of the microsection prepared from the tide should be located at a distance of at least 10 mm from the lower (along the casting of the part in the mold) plane of the tide.

It is allowed to control the metal structure of castings by magnetic or other physical methods using equipment and according to methods certified and approved in the prescribed manner.

5.9 The dimensions of the crosses and parts are checked with a universal measuring tool, templates and fixtures in accordance with the RD.

5.10 Casting defects are controlled visually.

The control of internal defects is carried out without the use of magnifying devices according to the type of core fracture or solid cross.

To control internal defects, it is allowed to use cores and solid crosses rejected by size and (or) surface defects.

6 Marking, packaging, transport and storage

6.1 Each casting of the core and one-piece cross, the cross as an assembly, as well as the components of the cross, shipped separately, must be marked in accordance with the RD.

Serial numbers of products annually begin with the first separately for each type and brand.

6.2 A marking consisting of the serial number of the counter rail or cross, the trademark or symbol of the manufacturer and the year of manufacture (the last two digits) must be clearly stamped on the upper surface of the head of the counter rails and wing rails of the assembled cross at a distance of 50 mm from the tail end and applied with water-resistant white paint on the neck of each wing rail from the outside at such a distance from the joint that it does not overlap. covered with a butt plate. On a solid cross, the marking is applied with waterproof white paint on both sides in the middle of the side surfaces.

Marking of the metal group must be done by painting the lower half of the rear end of the core or solid crosspiece with blue oil paint for group I, white for group II and red for group III.

Crosses with deviations in the chemical composition of high manganese steel must have an additional marking immediately after the designation of the metal group.

Crosses with a hardened tread surface are marked with an additional index, which is applied with oil paint on the outer side surfaces of the rail guardrails.

The stamp of the technical control of the manufacturer must be stamped on the guard rail and the counter rail next to the trademark or symbol of the manufacturer.

6.5 On each part made from rails by cutting them transversely, the number of the rail melting must be stamped on the end of the sole.

6.6 Linings shipped in packs or bundles, and other individual parts of the cross, shipped, must be marked with waterproof white paint in accordance with the requirements of ND.

6.7 The height of the marks applied by paint shall be at least 40 mm; cast marking marks - at least 15 mm; bulges - 2-3 mm; embossed markings - at least 5 mm.

6.8 Marking on boxes and plywood tags is carried out with waterproof black paint indicating the manufacturer, type of product and year of manufacture.

6.9 Each cross must be accompanied by a document in waterproof packaging in accordance with ND, certifying its compliance with the requirements of this standard.

The document must indicate:

- name of the manufacturer;

- type, brand, number of the cross and number of the drawing according to which it was made, year of manufacture;

- conclusion on the test results;

- metal group;

- symbol and surface hardness (for crosspieces with a hardened tread surface);

- melting number, core or solid cross number, year of manufacture;

- scheme of laying the cross;

- list, numbers and quantity of the main and separately shipped parts of the cross, indicating the serial numbers on the laying diagrams.

6.10 Organization and methods of storage, packaging and transportation of crosses and their components must comply with the requirements of GOST 15150 group OZH1 and GOST 9.014, option B3-0 and ND.

6.11 Finished products should be stored under a canopy or in open areas in accordance with the requirements of ND.

The storage of crosses at the manufacturer and their shipment to the consumer is carried out jointly, regardless of the quality groups of the metal.

GOST 7370-98

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Railway crosspieces
types P75, P65 and P50

Specifications

INTERSTATE COUNCIL
ON STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

Minsk

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the All-Russian Research Institute of Railway Transport (VNIIZhT) of the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation, MTK367 "Iron, rolled products and metal products"

INTRODUCED by Gosstandart of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Minutes No. 13-98 dated May 28, 1998)

State name	Name of the national standardization body
The Republic of Azerbaijan	Azgosstandart
Republic of Belarus	State Standard of Belarus
	Gruzstandard
The Republic of Kazakhstan	State Standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic	Kyrgyzstandart
The Republic of Moldova	Moldovastandard
The Republic of Tajikistan	Tajik State Standard
Turkmenistan	Main State Inspectorate of Turkmenistan
The Republic of Uzbekistan	Uzgosstandart
	State Standard of Ukraine

4 INSTEAD OF GOST 7370-86

GOST 7370-98

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Railway crosspieces of types Р75, Р65 and Р50

Specifications

Railroad frogs of P75, P65 and P50 types. Specifications

Introduction date 2000-01-01

1 area of use

The crosspieces must comply with the requirements of traffic safety, labor protection and environmental safety established by the relevant regulatory documents.

The requirements of this standard are mandatory, except for 3.6 and 3.15.

2 Normative references

This standard uses references to the following standards:

carbon

manganese

no more

It is allowed, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, to introduce alloying and modifying additives into steel.

3.3 The working area of core castings and solid crosses at a depth of at least 30 mm from the surface must have an austenitic structure without carbides.

table 2

	Mechanical properties for metal groups

Tensile strength, s in, N / mm 2 (kgf / mm 2)		St. 780 (80) to 880 (90) incl.	From 690 (70) to 780 (80) incl.
Yield strength s 0.2, N / mm 2 (kgf / mm 2), not less
Relative elongation, d, %		St. 25 to 30 incl.	From 16 to 25 incl.
Relative contraction, y , %		St. 22 to 27 incl.	From 16 to 22 incl.
Impact strength, KCU, J / cm 2 (kgf m / cm 2)		St. 2.0 (20) to 2.5 (25) incl.	From 1.7 (17) to 2.0 (20) incl.

The metal of castings with permissible deviations in chemical composition must have the mechanical properties indicated in the table.

Table 3

3.5 Castings of cores and solid crosses must be cleaned of molding sand and burnt, gating systems removed.

In places that are difficult to access for processing, burn-in is allowed in accordance with ND.

Gating systems should be removed after heat treatment of castings by arc, air-arc or air-plasma cutting, followed by abrasive cleaning of the metal.

It is allowed to remove bulges before heat treatment of castings by mechanical chipping, followed by abrasive cleaning of the metal after heat treatment.

3.6 It is allowed to harden the rolling surface of the crosses by the explosion method or by other methods according to the ND.

3.7 Straightening of cores and solid crosses after heat treatment and hardening should be carried out in a cold state.

3.8 In the cores and solid crosses there should be no defects that prevent the normal operation of the crosses.

3.9. The rail parts of the crosses must be made of rails of types P75, P65 and P50 of the first grade of groups I and II from open-hearth and oxygen-converter steel according to GOST 24182 for guard rails and according to GOST 18232 for counter rails.

3.10 The surface of the head of the working ends of the rail guards must be hardened in accordance with GOST 24182.

3.11 Castings from unalloyed steel for crosses, switches and counter rails must be made of steel of the group I grades 15L - 45L, 20FL, 20GL, 20G1FL according to GOST 977.

3.12 Counter rail inserts must be made of gray cast iron grades SCH15 - SCH20 according to GOST 1412 or steel of group Igrades 15L - 45L, 20GL, 20FL, 20PFL according to GOST 977.