It explains how often the annual medical examination takes place at work (Labor Code, Art. 213). And Article 214 describes the duties of an employee in the field of labor protection.
You should also point to Article 185 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. According to this article, the time that was spent by the employee on the passage of doctors must be paid.
Labor Code of the Russian Federation, Article 214. Obligations of an employee in the field of labor protection
The employee is obliged:
- comply with labor protection requirements;
- correctly apply means of individual and collective protection;
- undergo training in safe methods and techniques for performing work and providing first aid to victims at work, instructing in labor protection, internships at the workplace, testing knowledge of labor protection requirements;
- immediately notify their immediate or superior manager of any situation that threatens the life and health of people, of any accident that occurs at work, or of a deterioration in their health, including the manifestation of signs of an acute occupational disease (poisoning);
- undergo mandatory preliminary (upon employment) and periodic (during employment) medical examinations, other mandatory medical examinations, as well as undergo extraordinary medical examinations at the direction of the employer in cases provided for by this Code and other federal laws.
Labor Code of the Russian Federation, Article 185. Guarantees for employees sent for medical examination
For the duration of the medical examination, employees who are required to undergo such an examination in accordance with this Code shall retain their average earnings at the place of work.
What documents are needed to pass the medical examination for work?
- passport of a citizen who is assigned a preliminary medical examination;
- where the citizen is employed. Usually, those surveys that are necessary for a citizen for employment are noted in the direction;
- outpatient card.
When employed at a food industry enterprise and an enterprise where communication with children takes place, the employee must draw up.
For its registration it is necessary provide a 3x4 photo. During the initial application, you will also need to provide SNILS, CHI insurance policy and receipt about paying for a medical examination at this clinic.
We also note that if a medical examination takes place in a paid clinic, then SNILS and OMS do not need to provide.
Help about passing
After all the doctors have passed, a certificate is issued on passing a medical examination when applying for a job. The help states whether the employee passed the medical examination or not. In some cases, a certificate of medical examination upon employment is not issued, but a medical book is provided. But the medical book is not issued immediately.
If the position requires a medical book, then before it is issued, a person who has passed all the doctors is issued a certificate stating that his personal medical book is in the hospital, he passed the doctors, and the document itself will be issued a certain number.
For employment, a certificate is usually required to pass the medical examination for work forms.
Since 2009, for employment in the civil service, it is necessary to present a certificate.
It should be noted that the period of validity of such a certificate differs from the period of activity of the periodic examination of personnel already working at the enterprise. Help 086 / y has a validity period of 6 months. Certificate 001-ГС/у is valid twice as long, namely 12 months.
I did not pass the medical examination at work - what to do?
You can not pass the examination in case of detection of diseases with which it is impossible to work in this area. For example, this is an open form of tuberculosis or other diseases that are detected through research.
If this happened need to undergo treatment. In this case, there is suspension from work who have not passed a medical examination until it has been passed and provided to the employer.
List of diseases for which a medical examination certificate is not issued:
- Eye diseases. If this is work at a computer or acts related to driving, then it is unlikely that people who have vision problems will be admitted to it.
- Infectious skin diseases.
- In some cases, it is alcoholism, drug addiction and mental illness.
For example, cannot be a driver in that case, if a person suffers from seizures in any form or has sufficiently serious hearing impairment, and mental retardation.
But workers whose activities are related to computers usually pass all examinations. No special diseases are indicated for them.
If the driver has not passed the pre-trip inspection, he is not allowed until the shift. The employee must be sent to the clinic.
In accordance with Art. 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, when applying for a job. But some employers are trying to violate the labor code and are not willing to pay for medical examinations. If employer does not want to pay for a medical examination, he violates labor laws.
Validity and frequency of holding
Employment is different. For example, certificate 086 / y is valid for six months. The sanitary book is considered valid for a year, then it is necessary to re-examine.
Medical examination is carried out with a frequency of 1 time in 6 months before 1 time in 2 years depending on the enterprise.
For example, employees whose activities are related to working at a computer (if they spend more than 50% of their working time at a computer) must undergo a medical examination once every 2 years if they are over 21 years old.
Car drivers must also undergo a medical examination once every 2 years. In addition, drivers must undergo a medical examination. at the start of each shift. Such an inspection is called a pre-trip inspection and all those who drive vehicles must pass it.
Individual entrepreneurs whose activities are related to transportation must also undergo a pre-trip inspection.
Can I be fired if I don't pass the test?
If the employee has not passed the examination, he will be removed from work(Article 76 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). It is likely that the employee will be given a vacancy in which he can work.
If vacancies that an employee can occupy in an enterprise No, and he did not pass the medical examination at work - dismissal at the enterprise.
If, according to the results of the medical examination period of suspension from work is less than 4 months, then after this time the employee is reinstated and continues to work at the enterprise. If the suspension period more than 4 months or not listed in the results of the medical examination, then employee will be fired.
Employer's responsibility
The employer is not entitled allow employees who have not passed the examination to work. For this, the administrative responsibility of the employer is provided (permission to work without a medical examination).
This applies to those employees for whom a medical examination is mandatory.
According to article Art. 11.32 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation provides for the administrative responsibility of the employer for admission to work without a medical examination of the employee. In case of such an offense, the employer will be required to pay a fine of up to 50 thousand rubles.
Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, Article 11.32. Violation of the established procedure for conducting a mandatory medical examination of drivers of vehicles (candidates for drivers of vehicles) or mandatory preliminary, periodic, pre-trip or post-trip medical examinations
Violation of the established procedure for conducting a mandatory medical examination of drivers of vehicles (candidates for drivers of vehicles) or mandatory preliminary, periodic, pre-trip or post-trip medical examinations shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of one thousand to one and a half thousand rubles; for officials - from two thousand to three thousand rubles; for legal entities - from thirty thousand to fifty thousand rubles.
Note. For the administrative offenses provided for by this article, persons engaged in entrepreneurial activities without forming a legal entity shall bear administrative responsibility as legal entities.
Lack of medical examination when necessary, violates labor laws and the requirements of Rospotrebnadzor.
In addition, such absence can cause serious consequences, such as the emergence of epidemics and other negative consequences. That is why the rules for passing a medical examination when applying for a job were created.
One of the most popular and common documents when applying for a job is a personal medical (sanitary) book. The legislation of the Russian Federation provides for strict measures for the safety of the health of citizens.
The presence of this document makes it possible to judge the professional suitability of the employee, the absence of diseases, infections and viruses, according to the results of examinations. Also, the presence of a medical book serves as a guarantee that the employee is not a carrier of a dangerous disease that poses a threat to the life and health of society.
Medical book
Shared medical records into 3 categories according to the number of necessary tests and examinations:
- for those employed at work in wholesale and retail stores of industrial goods;
- for trade in products, work in public catering, public services and education;
- for medical workers.
What it is
Personal medical book - government-issued strict reporting form. You can't buy it at an office supply store. The form of the form, the rules for issuing and accounting for which were approved by Rospotrebnadzor in order No. 402 dated 05/20/2005.
By law, the execution of an employee's medical book the employer is required to. He must pay the invoice:
- form of a medical book and a hologram;
- for hygiene education;
- study guides.
The worker then goes to a medical institution serving the organization. However, in practice, in order to get a job, you have to draw up a book yourself.
What documents are required for registration
When the medical book is issued for the first time, when applying to an institution authorized by the federal service to provide such a service, you will need:
- passport;
- application of the established form;
- 3x4 photo;
- paid invoice;
- vaccination certificate;
- certificate of registration and absence of HIV infection for foreign workers.
Purpose of obtaining
Registration by an employee of a medical book and sending him to undergo professional examinations prevents the occurrence and spread of infectious and occupational diseases. The head of the enterprise is primarily responsible for the absence of a book from employees. When hiring a new employee, the employer must be completely sure that his health will allow him to perform professional duties.
Conducting examinations and research analyzes allows doctors to detect the disease in a timely manner and, if necessary, begin treatment. If the disease is associated with an infection, pathogenic microorganisms are detected, the patient is not allowed to work until he is completely cured.
Where is issued
Responsibilities for recording and issuing medical books assigned to the Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the regions. After filling in all the necessary data, the employee is sent for examination to specialists. Provides necessary tests. If, after passing the medical examination, he receives a conclusion on professional suitability, he is sent for hygienic training and certification.
A medical commission can be passed free of charge at a polyclinic at the place of residence or in budgetary hospitals with polyclinic departments. Obtain certificates from narcologists and psychiatrists in the respective dispensaries. Visit a dental clinic. For women, contact your local antenatal clinic. This process usually takes a long time.
Most often they turn to commercial accredited CGE medical institutions. Having paid the necessary package of services, you can immediately do a medical examination, hygiene training and get a medical book.
Before contacting such an institution, it is imperative to find out whether it has permission from the regional Center to issue this document.
The heads of many organizations interested in the employee receiving a book without leaving the workplace conclude an agreement with a medical institution to conduct an on-site medical examination. After holding events and paying bills, medical books issued and registered at the Hygiene Center.
Medical checkup
On the basis of the legislation, in order to conduct an inspection in an institution accredited by the federal service, on a permanent basis, a a commission of doctors of various specializations headed by an occupational therapist.
Regardless of the type of activity, all employees must undergo an examination in fluorographic rooms once a year! When passing a medical examination, this certificate is provided in the first place.
The exact list of doctors depends on the field of activity:
Employees of enterprises producing and trading industrial goods and utilities:
- They need to visit a dermatologist-venereologist, take tests and smears for sexually transmitted diseases, a clinical blood test.
- Get a referral from a therapist. According to the results obtained, the therapist may prescribe additional examinations.
- The vaccination certificate must contain a mark on vaccination against measles (once) and current vaccination against diphtheria, which must be done once every 10 years.
Teachers, kindergarten teachers, catering and food production workers, grocery store sellers:
- In addition to a dermatologist, they should be examined by specialist doctors: an otolaryngologist, an infectious disease specialist, an occupational therapist, a narcologist and a psychiatrist.
- Visit the dental office to carry out, if necessary, a sanitation procedure - treatment of teeth, gums, removal of foci of infections.
- For women, a mandatory examination by an obstetrician-gynecologist is required. Women over the age of 40 are required to undergo an ultrasound examination of the mammary glands. Such a diagnosis should be done every 2 years.
- The physical examination also includes diagnostic studies and laboratory tests: general clinical and biochemical blood tests, tests and samples for venereal diseases, urinalysis, scraping for helminth eggs, additionally - tests for dysentery, enterobiasis, typhoid fever, staphylococcus aureus.
- You need to take an electrocardiogram.
Employees employed in medicine, in addition to the above, must be tested for viral hepatitis and HIV infection.
At the place of inspection, it is issued medical outpatient card. It contains all the information on the inspection.
After the examination, she remains in a medical organization. The medical examination is considered passed after the examination of the patient by all specialists and the delivery of all tests.
If the employee undergoes an examination in the direction of the employer, the medical examination is carried out exactly according to the points indicated in the direction. Therefore, sometimes there is a need to be examined additionally. For example, a surgeon, an ophthalmologist or a cardiologist.
Based on the results of the medical examination, conclusion on professional suitability for certain work. The document is being drawn up in 2 copies. It is signed by the chairman of the commission - a general practitioner. Document certified by the seal of the medical institution. The first copy of the conclusion is issued to the patient, the second remains in the institution.
Sample certificate of professional suitability
The validity period of the inspection is 1 year.
Hygiene training and testing
After successfully passing the examination and receiving a conclusion from the therapist, the employee goes to hygiene training. Training in basic sanitary skills helps to improve the culture of production and occupational health. A person receives additional knowledge about a healthy lifestyle and their application in practice.
Training is provided by organizations that have permission for educational activities or directly at enterprises where there are specially trained employees.
Training includes topics:
- personal hygiene;
- causes of poisoning;
- sanitary requirements and regimes at enterprises;
- infectious diseases and their prevention.
Hygiene training is carried out face-to-face in the form of seminars, trainings or briefings. There is also a correspondence form of study of methodological materials. Information and materials for study are presented on the websites of the regional Centers for Hygiene and Epidemiology.
You can also pass a control test for knowledge of sanitary legislation on the center's website remotely.
The hygienic certification mark must be certified by a hologram on the 28th page of the book. Valid for 2 years.
The exception is cases where you have to change the specifics of the work. In this case, you need to pass a new certification and get a hologram corresponding to the new profession. In the medical book, you can make a note about several valid certifications. This makes it possible to work in combination.
Video on how to get a medical book.
If a person changes his place of work, the book can be extended on the basis of the records in it about the relevant analyzes, conclusions and hygienic certification. There is also an additional page in the sanitary book, where marks are made about the transition to work in another organization.
Cost of services to make a book
Making a medical book requires money. The cost of the form itself is 150 rubles. The price of full-time training in the center is 700 rubles. Textbooks for passing through the correspondence system will cost from 70 to 110 rubles. The price depends on the profession and field of activity of the applicant. Certification costs 200 rubles, a hologram - 500 rubles.
The cost of the medical examination is set by the medical institution.
List of doctors for periodic medical examination depends on what position the surveyed employee occupies, as well as on his gender. In our article you will find information about the standard list of doctors who will need to appear in order to confirm that your health condition meets the stated requirements, and about the procedure for passing medical examinations.
Which categories of employees are required to undergo periodic medical examinations
Taking care of the health of employees is one of the most important responsibilities of an employer. In accordance with Art. 213 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, are required to undergo a medical examination (both before starting work, and subsequently, with a certain frequency):
- workers employed in the performance of work characterized by the presence of harmful and / or dangerous production factors;
- specialists working in the field related to the implementation of traffic;
- employees working in the field of public catering, medical and children's institutions, as well as some other organizations closely related to the provision of services to the population;
- employees under the age of 21;
- other categories of workers, the list of which is established by federal and local legislation.
In accordance with Part 3 of Art. 5.27.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, non-compliance by the employer with this requirement entails a fine, the amount of which can reach 130,000 rubles.
The procedure for preparing for the mandatory periodic medical examination
The sequence of actions of the employer aimed at organizing and conducting a periodic medical examination is as follows:
What documents are drawn up during a periodic medical examination, who pays for it
Unlike the initial medical examination that the employee undergoes before entering into an employment agreement with the employer, when passing a periodic medical examination, a certificate drawn up in the form No. 086 / y or No. 001-GS / y is not required. Based on the results of a periodic examination of an employee in a medical organization, a conclusion is drawn up containing the following information:
- date of issue of the document;
- Full name of the person who passed the inspection;
- name of the employing organization;
- the name of the structural unit in which the employee works, as well as the exact name of his position;
- a list of harmful and hazardous production factors that have a direct impact on his health;
- the result of the examination and the conclusion of the doctor issued based on its results indicating the presence or absence of contraindications for the employee to perform the declared type of work.
This document must be signed by the chairman of the medical commission and certified by the seal of the healthcare institution. Also, the results of the passed medical examination are indicated in the health passport, which is kept by the employer.
Don't know your rights?
All costs for employees to undergo medical examinations, as well as laboratory and functional studies, in accordance with the provisions of Art. 213 of the Labor Code, fall on the employer. Regardless of which medical institution (public or private) will conduct a medical examination, the employer must conclude an agreement with him for the provision of appropriate services, the cost of which depends on the number of employees examined and the rates established by the clinic management.
Passing a medical examination by order of 302n - which doctors you need to visit
The procedure for conducting periodic medical examinations of employees of the enterprise is determined by the provisions of the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation “On approval of the lists ...” dated 12.04.2011 No. 302n. In accordance with Art. 5 of section I of the said normative act, a medical examination must be carried out by members of a permanent medical commission, which includes:
- occupational pathologist;
- medical specialists who have completed an advanced training course in the specialty "occupational pathology", or doctors who have a valid certificate in this specialty.
The composition of this commission is approved by the order of the chief physician of the health care institution that provides medical examination services for employees of the enterprise.
Wherein list of doctors for medical examination depending also on the sphere in which the employee works, and the conditions for the implementation of his labor activity. Appendix No. 1 to Order No. 302n lists a list of harmful and dangerous production factors, in the presence of which an employee must undergo an examination of his health by medical specialists. The same annex contains a list of doctors who must examine workers working in certain conditions, as well as the frequency of such examinations. In addition, the document contains an exact list of laboratory and functional studies, the conduct of which allows you to make the most objective and accurate conclusion about the health status of the employee.
List of doctors for re-examination at work
The list of doctors who need to be visited by an employee of the enterprise when he undergoes a medical examination is provided to him directly at the enterprise by the person responsible for the implementation of the medical examination and coordination of the process of its conduct. Depending on the position of the worker, this list may include:
- otorhinolaryngologist;
- dermatovenereologist;
- ophthalmologist;
- allergist;
- oncologist;
- urologist;
- gynecologist;
- surgeon;
- endocrinologist;
- neurologist;
- orthopedist;
- dentist;
- infectious disease specialist;
- mammologist (for women over 40), although in some cases a visit to this specialist is replaced by a mandatory mammography procedure, followed by its presentation to a gynecologist.
IMPORTANT! The link of the 3rd list, specified in Appendix 1 to Order No. 302n, establishes the obligation of the employee to undergo an examination by a therapist, psychiatrist and narcologist. The legality of this norm is confirmed by the decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation “On the refusal to recognize ...” dated December 18, 2012 No. AKPI12-1363.
The list of mandatory tests that every employee undergoing a medical examination must pass includes:
- general analysis of urine and blood;
- fluorography.
Note: the specified list may be supplemented by other types of surveys and analyzes (depending on the position held by the employee).
Who conducts a medical examination before the start of the working day or shift
In accordance with paragraph 4 of part 2 of Art. 46 of the Law "On the Fundamentals of Health Protection ..." dated November 21, 2011 No. 323 in order to identify the impact of dangerous and harmful production factors, as well as the presence of diseases that prevent the normal implementation of labor activity, some categories of workers (for example, drivers of vehicles transporting passengers ) are required to undergo a daily inspection before going to work. Unlike a periodic medical examination, this event does not take much time. Conducts it, in accordance with part 8 of the appendix to the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation "On approval of the procedure ..." dated December 15, 2014 No. 835n, a health worker with a higher or secondary medical education, or a health care institution licensed to provide medical services (including conducting medical examinations).
So, some categories of workers are required to undergo both primary and periodic medical examinations, during which their health status is checked both by general practitioners and narrowly specialized specialists. The list of doctors, the examination of which is a prerequisite for the employee to carry out further work, laboratory tests and other studies, as well as a description of working conditions, the impact of which entails the need for regular examinations, are established by the provisions of the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development No. 302n. On the basis of this document, a list of doctors is formed for each position, which should be visited by the employees occupying it.
An employee is not required to tell his employer about his health condition. But when hiring for many positions, you will have to go through, which will determine whether the person is suitable for the performance of official duties. But you need to know for which specialties such an examination is mandatory. Today we will talk about who undergoes a medical examination when applying for a job and what are the nuances here.
Types of work activity with health requirements
There is Art. 213 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, which regulates the mandatory medical examination before employment. It lists the types of labor activity for which such an inspection is mandatory. If the company does not organize it for these specialties, this is fraught with fines and other sanctions:
- Any work for citizens, .
- A place with or hazardous working conditions.
- Food industry.
- Trade specialties.
- Medical posts.
- Children's educational and educational institutions.
- Specialties with extreme working conditions.
- Jobs related to driving.
- Specialties where work is carried out on a rotational basis.
- Professional sports.
- Cosmetologists and hairdressers.
- Works in the Far North.
- Judges.
- Employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, police and military.
There are nuances
The inspection is organized and conducted by the employer, who also pays for it from his own funds. Since the passage of the commission is not included in the compulsory health insurance, it cannot be paid at his expense. In order to draw up an employment contract with the applicant, the organization is obliged to send it to the medical commission. For this, he is given a special one. If a special document is required for work (driver's license, medical book or weapons permit), the person must pay all the costs of obtaining it himself. In order not to pay the employee for these papers, employers most often choose those applicants who already have such papers when hiring.
The organization is not obliged to pay for the receipt by the employee of special professional documents (driver's license for the driver, weapons permit for the security guard, etc.).
A medical examination before hiring an employee is necessary in order to:
- Determine whether the health of the candidate corresponds to the profession for which he is applying.
- Carry out a health protection event (for example, a potential employee may be found to have a dangerous disease that is transmitted by airborne droplets or through shared utensils).
- Detect serious diseases at the earliest stages and subsequently cure them.
But a mandatory medical examination when applying for a job is not needed for those who are not included in the above list. Nevertheless, the employer, at his request, has the right to draw up a local act, according to which the employee must present a health certificate. In practice, this procedure is rarely used.
If for some reason the person himself had to pay for the inspection (and this is often the case for applicants), the company must return the money to him. As a rule, the refund is made with the first salary.
If the employer has concluded an employment contract with a person who has not passed a medical examination, he faces administrative liability. So, for officials this is a fine of five thousand rubles, for individual entrepreneurs the same amount or closing for 3 months, and for legal entities the fine reaches 50 thousand rubles.
Which doctors to go through
The composition of the doctors who need to go through depends, first of all, on the specific work activity. For example, if the main burden of the position falls on the eyes (for example, for drivers), then you will definitely have to go through an ophthalmologist. For most professions, the list of doctors is as follows:
- Otolaryngologist.
- Surgeon.
- Neurologist.
- Therapist.
- Oculist.
- Gynecologist / urologist.
In addition, the citizen will have to visit the laboratory to pass OAM and UAC, as well as take a fluorographic picture.
In conclusion, we emphasize that a medical examination upon employment is a measure provided for by law for some positions and necessary for the implementation of labor protection and people's safety. If the employer neglects this procedure, then he is threatened with penalties. In other cases, a medical examination may be requested at the request of the head. However, it is worth considering the fact that the results of a medical examination should not be the basis for discrimination when making a decision to take a position. Otherwise, a person can apply to the labor commission, and fines are possible.
Mandatory medical examination of employees in 2020 is a legislative norm, ignoring which leads to disastrous consequences. And we are talking not only about a fine of up to 130 thousand rubles for the employer, but also about the prevention of accidents at work, which often result in disability or death.
About types and features
Article 46 of the Federal Law of November 21, 2011 No. 323-FZ “On the basics of protecting the health of Russians” divides all types of medical examinations into several types:
- preliminary - a survey that is carried out at the stage of employment;
- periodic - provided for certain types of professions, as well as for those who are engaged in hazardous or hazardous work;
- prophylactic - carried out on the eve of various epidemics, such as influenza, and usually involves mass vaccination of personnel;
- pre-shift / pre-trip - doctors examine the employee immediately before entering the shift / leaving for the flight;
- post-shift / post-trip - doctors give an opinion on the state of health after the end of the working day.
What else is important to know?
- The day dedicated to the passage of all doctors and obtaining an opinion is paid as a work day.
- The employer pays for all tests, procedures, specialist consultations and other types of medical care, even if we are talking about an examination when applying for a job.
- Medical examinations can be carried out only by doctors of medical institutions licensed for such services.
Who is required to receive a certificate?
The implementation of the national project "Health" does not exclude that from 2024 all employees, regardless of position and type of production, will be required to receive a health certificate annually. In the meantime, certain categories of workers are required to undergo a medical examination once a year.
The list of professions subject to mandatory medical examination is given in Appendix 2 to Order No. 302-n dated April 12, 2011 of the Ministry of Health and Social Development. It specifies:
- professions;
- frequency of inspections;
- which doctors you need to go through;
- what tests / examinations to pass.
All contraindications are also described, the identification of which will not allow a specialist to work.
For example:
- working at height every year you need to get a conclusion from a neurologist, ophthalmologist and surgeon;
- installers-electricians - once every 2 years to visit an ophthalmologist, neurologist and otorhinolaryngologist;
- fellers of the forest - with the same frequency - a neurologist, surgeon, otorhinolaryngologist, ophthalmologist.
If you look at the table, it is easy to see that the list of mandatory doctors during a medical examination is “tied” to the identification of specific pathologies characteristic of a particular profession. For example, visual acuity and flawless functioning of the vestibular apparatus are important for high-altitude workers, and for a forest feller, the absence of hernia and problems with veins in the lower extremities, which appear as a result of lifting excessive weights, is important.
Important! Employees under the age of 21 are required to undergo medical examination once a year, regardless of the type of employment.
When applying for a job
Often the question arises, is a medical examination mandatory when applying for a job? Labor legislation determines that all applicants under the age of 18 are required to pass it, as well as applicants for the following positions:
- employee of public catering, production, processing, packaging, delivery of food products;
- salesman;
- health worker;
- employee of a hotel, sanatorium, public pool;
- pharmacist;
- a teacher and any other employee whose specific activity involves contact with children;
- driver of any vehicles;
- hairdresser, cosmetologist and other specialist in the beauty industry;
- policeman and Ministry of Emergency Situations;
- prosecutor;
- private security officer.
Important! For any hazardous or hazardous production, as well as for performing extreme work and for employment on a rotational basis, the candidate must provide a medical certificate.
Compulsory medical examination can be prescribed in the local acts of the company, and then the medical conclusion has the right to demand from any applicant, regardless of whether he is employed as a janitor or head of security.
For accountants and office clerks
A mandatory medical examination for office workers is provided only if the specialist spends more than half of his working time next to the equipment and is exposed to electromagnetic radiation.
But even with such a working regime, the employer has an alternative: he has the right not to spend money on annual examinations, but to obtain an expert opinion on normal working conditions, that is, to confirm that the radiation does not exceed the permissible limits and does not have a harmful effect on the health of employees.
The company issuing the permit must necessarily appear in the Register of organizations conducting a special assessment of working conditions (posted on the website of the Ministry of Labor). True, the period of validity of the expert opinion is limited: if it is still valid, then employees will be allowed not to visit doctors, if not, then they will have to stand in lines and go through all the specialists.
If we talk about the mandatory medical examination for accountants, then on the basis of the decision of the Supreme Court No. 34-ad17-5 of December 2017, not only sellers, but also accountants, as well as heads and managers of commercial enterprises, must now undergo a medical examination.
This precedent suggests that other accountants who calculate the salaries of specialists from the mandatory list should also be examined. That is, accountants from schools and kindergartens, from hazardous industries, from beauty salons and clinics are also required to send for a medical examination. There is no mention of this in the legislation, but the decision of the Supreme Court makes it necessary to insure.
For drivers
Is a post-trip medical examination required for drivers? Yes, as well as pre-trip, but only if the driver works in passenger transport or transports dangerous goods.
Before the flight, drivers are checked for alcohol and other types of toxicological intoxication, as well as assessing the level of blood pressure and conducting a visual examination of the skin and appearance. The procedure is quite justified and understandable: any failure in health during the shift can lead to tragedies with mass deaths of people.
Important! The driver does not have the right to go on a flight without a positive medical report.
Usually inspections are carried out by full-time medical staff of the transport company, so drivers do not have to waste time traveling to a special medical facility. At the same time, only a medical worker with a higher education can prevent a driver from working. If a nurse conducts examinations in the company, then she is obliged to refer the patient to the clinic, where the doctor will decide on the further issue of providing assistance.
The legislation gives a clear answer as to whether a medical examination is mandatory for office employees, whether a driver must visit a doctor before a flight, and in which professions a medical examination is an indispensable procedure that cannot be ignored. Of course, you can treat medical examinations as formalities and a waste of time, but statistics prove that regular medical examinations of employees help to detect diseases in a timely manner and cure them faster, as well as prevent accidents at work.
