The professiogram is a set of requirements imposed by the profession on the personality, abilities, skills and capabilities of a specialist. The professiogram determines the psychological structure of professional activity, its main components and the connections between them. The psychological structure of activity, in turn, is determined general character activity, its content and tasks facing the specialist. A social worker is aimed at solving a whole range of various tasks, such as:
adaptation of clients to society, the formation of their active life position in solving their problems;
creation of conditions for self-affirmation of representatives of vulnerable social groups;
social assistance and social Security needy; counseling; social rehabilitation and therapy; social supervision and guardianship; social design; mediation between clients and various organizations;
The social worker takes care of creating conditions for the manifestation of the abilities of clients, increasing the degree of their self-control and self-organization. The implementation of social work is carried out at the direct and indirect levels. The immediate level is the level personal contacts specialist with a client. The mediated level is associated with the solution of common social problems within society.
Among the variety of professional functions that determine the success of social worker, can be identified following features: communicative, psychological, organizational and pedagogical.
Research by Russian scientists, as well as practice, made it possible to identify several groups of skills for a social work specialist. Let us single out several groups among them.
cognitive skills. A qualified social worker should be able to:
Analyze and evaluate the experience, both your own and others;
Analyze and identify problems and concepts;
Apply in practice their knowledge and understanding of problems;
Apply research findings.
Communication skills. A qualified social worker should be able to:
Create and maintain a working environment and atmosphere;
Identify and overcome negative feelings that affect people and himself;
Identify and take into account in the work the differences of a personal, national, social and cultural-historical nature;
Recognize and overcome aggression and hostility in relationships with people, minimize rage, taking into account the risk to oneself and others;
Promote the provision of physical care to the needy and the elderly;
Observe, understand and interpret the behavior and relationships between people;
Communicate verbally, non-verbally and in writing;
Organize and take interviews under various circumstances;
Negotiate, speak on the radio, act in a team with other social workers;
Put yourself in the role of your client's lawyer.
Constructive skills.
Work out solutions with individuals or, if necessary, on their behalf, with families, groups or on their behalf;
Highlight solutions that require prior approval from other specialists;
Act in the decision making algorithm;
Develop solutions that involve cooperation with other institutions, departments, professionals.
Organizational skills. A qualified social worker should be able to:
Keep clear and concise records;
Enforce the service's privacy and due diligence policy;
Prepare reports and report;
Organize, plan and control work;
Extract information using available technology;
explore and recognize service needs;
Expand the scope of their services;
Use the physical environment, the neighborhood of the house, microdistrict, institution to improve the quality of life of those living or working in it;
Assess and creatively use institutional and social communications resources.
The main skill that a general social worker should have is interviewing. This skill involves knowing how to talk to a person who has a problem in a way that makes him (or her) feel safe to open up. The social worker must be able to help the client by creating an environment conducive to trust, obtaining the necessary information. The concept of "client" can mean not only one person, but also a family, a group, an organization, a community.
For a social worker, the skill of self-control is also important. In psychology, this skill is considered as an indicator of the social and emotional maturity of the individual. Self-control is not so much a quality of a person as a process of managing one's behavior in an extreme situation. Given the fact that the social worker often has to be in such situations, he needs to develop the ability to self-control.
The degree of compliance of the specialist's personality with the requirements of the profession is due to:
Characteristics of the premorbid (preceding) personality structure;
quality vocational education;
Having professional experience.
The characteristics of the premorbid personality structure determine the degree of probability of a positive result of the future specialist's professionalization.
The most significant characteristics are value orientations, attitudes, motives in the sphere of intended activity, which together determine the professional orientation of the individual.
In progress vocational training the future specialist must master not only knowledge, but also methods of practical social work in a number of areas, including the following methods, forms, means:
Rendering social assistance and services to families and individuals of various gender, age, ethnicity, etc. population groups (mediation, counseling, specialized assistance, etc. in social services, organizations and institutions);
Organization and coordination of social work with individuals and groups with special needs, with disabilities, returning from special institutions and places of deprivation of liberty, etc.;
Conducting research and analytical activities (analysis and forecasting, development social projects, technologies) by problems social position population in the supervised area (microdistrict) in order to develop projects and programs of social work;
Participation in organizational and managerial activities and administrative work of social services, organizations and institutions;
Integration of the activities of state and public organizations and institutions to provide the necessary social protection and assistance to the population.
To implement practical professional work in these areas, a specialist must possess a number of skills and abilities. Among them, two groups can be distinguished:
General professional skills (communicative, organizational, managerial, research): work in conditions of informal communication, contributing to the manifestation of initiative and an active life position of the client; conduct organizational and managerial, research and analytical, scientific and pedagogical activities, etc.;
Special skills: provide mediation between the client (individual, family, group of persons) and various public and government agencies; provide links between the individual and the microenvironment, children and adults, family and society; influence the relationship between people and the situation in a small group, stimulate the client to perform socially significant activities; give a psychological description of the personality (her temperament, abilities, etc.); own the methods of psychodiagnostics, psychic counseling and psychic self-regulation, socio-psychological correction; use forms and methods of educational influence in social work, etc.
Social work as a profession
2. Personal qualities of a social worker
3. Characteristics of the definition of "incitement to action"
4.1 Verbal communication
Conclusion
List of used literature
Introduction
“Social work” is an expression accepted all over the world, denoting the manifestation of a humane attitude of a person to a person.
It originated in biblical times as a charity, a religious duty of a person, as a system of humanitarian services to those in need.
Social work is also systematic activities aimed at facilitating the unsuccessful adaptation of a person to society.
It differs from philanthropy, philanthropy, and similar activities in that it focuses not only on helping solve everyday problems, but also on developing coping techniques and self-help skills in those in need.
However, only in the twentieth century social work recognized throughout the world as a profession requiring special training.
A modern social work specialist is a professional who is well versed in issues social relations, in the legal guarantees of citizens, subtly capturing the moral and psychological problems of people's life and capable of competently providing them with assistance appropriate to the situation.
In addition to theoretical knowledge, social work also requires deep technological training, expressed in the presence of skills in the field of socio-psychological and situational analysis, socially organized diagnostics of the living conditions of various groups of the population, conducting concrete sociological research, forecasting and identifying trends in the development of social processes, the optimal choice of tools that regulate their course.
Important criteria for the professionalism of a social worker are organizational skills, high general and legal culture, psychological and pedagogical tact. Social technologies have a serious impact on the nature of social relations in society, on their harmonization.
The objects of this work are a modern social work specialist and his client.
The subject is motivational activity and the skill of a social work specialist.
The goal is to deepen knowledge about the methods of activity of social work specialists.
Tasks - to summarize scientific knowledge about the methods and techniques of social work.
1. Social work as a profession
Profession - a type of activity, occupation of a person who owns a complex of special knowledge and practical skills acquired as a result of in-depth general and special training and work experience. The logic of the development of the profession is such that initially they arise from the specific needs of people.
Then there is the accumulation of practical experience and its deep understanding. The theoretical basis of professional activity is being formed. The problem of personnel training is being solved. The practical activity of a specialist is given a scientific justification, which is outwardly expressed in the appearance of professional journals, monographs, educational literature, and professional organizations are being created.
The profession of a social worker, having various forms and names, is known in different historical eras and different cultures.
In Russia, social work appeared during the Zemstvo reform of 1864, although it was not called that.
The functions of a social worker were performed by zemstvo commissioners for the care of blind, poor, neglected children, homeless and homeless elderly people.
The success of this activity, like any other, depended on the knowledge, life experience and professional skills of these people. In the 20th century in the USSR, the functions of social workers were performed by representatives of the Communist Party and trade unions, as well as employees of various departments of the social sphere.
Training in social work as a profession in Russia began in the late 1980s. XX century. At the same time, a new integrative profession “social work” appeared with many specializations depending on departmental subordination. The professions "social worker" and "specialist in social work" were officially registered in Russian state documents in March-April 1991 and were created to solve social problems of an individual and society.
Today, the profession of "social work" is represented by a fan of specializations: social pedagogue-psychologist, ethnologist, social lawyer, ecologist, valeologist, social animator, gerontologist; social workers of a narrower specialization (working with refugees, disabled people, risk groups, medical social worker, etc.), or in certain institutions (social worker at school, at work), in specific areas of the microenvironment (social worker in the community, at village, social worker in a military environment, social work in extreme situations, organization of social work).
A modern approach to the professional and ethical qualities of a social worker is enshrined in the qualification "Specialist in Social Work" (1991).
Professional standards, requirements for a social worker are based on a code of ethics and professional skills, which serves as a guide in the daily behavior of social workers, are based on fundamental human values and take into account the dignity and uniqueness of each individual, his rights and opportunities.
According to the code, a social worker is treated as a worker social service who is aware of his moral responsibility to the client and society, who voluntarily assumed responsibility in helping people, in improving the quality of people's lives.
2. Personal qualities of a social worker
Not every person is suitable for social work. The determining factor here is the candidate's value system, which ultimately determines his professional activities and the effectiveness of practical activities. Anyone who begins to master this profession will very soon realize the enormous impact on it of such factors as political forces, economic conditions, demographic trends and technological progress.
That is why social work has been and remains one of the most difficult. It is not always adequately perceived by public opinion and is not always well paid, but it is one of the most inspired and noble species human activities. The behavioral style of a social worker, determined by a combination of personal qualities, his value orientations and interests, has a decisive impact on the system he forms. Some skillfully communicate with too talkative clients, others successfully find a common language with closed and silent ones. Some endure aggressive, hostile attitude towards themselves, others do not. Some are responsive to children, while others are more sensitive to older people. Therefore, the role of the personal qualities of a social worker is undoubtedly great in his professional activity. Among them are such as the humanistic orientation of the individual, personal and social responsibility, a heightened sense of goodness and justice, self-esteem, respect for the dignity of another person, tolerance, politeness, decency, empathy, willingness to understand others and come to their aid, emotional stability, personal adequacy in terms of self-esteem, the level of claims and social adaptability.
The personal qualities of a social worker can be divided into two groups. The first group includes the psychophysiological qualities of the personality, on which the characteristics of the personality depend. this species activities. To the second - the psychological qualities that characterize the social worker as a person. The third group includes psychological and pedagogical qualities, on which the effect of personal smell depends. In working with people, composure and attentiveness, the ability to understand the client, are necessary. An equally important place is occupied by such strong-willed qualities as patience, self-control, etc. Without these leading characteristics of the psyche for this profession, effective work is also impossible.
Determining the personal qualities of a social worker involves relying on the theoretical substantiation of the process of professional self-determination. In foreign psychological literature, there are many theoretical "constructions" aimed at ensuring that the subject chooses the right profession. Among them is the theory of T. Parsons, who believes that this requires: a clear understanding of "oneself", one's abilities, interests, aspirations, opportunities; knowledge of the requirements and conditions for success; adequate correlation of the first two factors. Social protection of family and children (foreign experience). M., 1992. However, this understanding of choice has a number of shortcomings. First of all, it is understood as a one-time act, which implies a simplified idea of a person, his separation from a specific labor process. The activity of a social worker is a zone of trust between people, a path to their mutual understanding and learning. He must have the skills to influence not only the client himself, but also his environment, group communication, and the situation in society.
This is especially important now, when traditional types of ties are disintegrating, when in the conditions of the formation of pre-civilized market relations there is a change in the spiritual and moral sphere, and due to the impotence of state power structures, the individual and the family find themselves in a socially extreme situation. The rapid change in ideological attitudes - from state patronage in the field of healthcare, education, housing and other problems to the ideology of self-survival - led to an increase in the number of people who, due to objective reasons, turned out to be uncompetitive in the struggle for essential things.
The social worker should involve the client in solving their problems as much as possible. The social worker should work with the client, not for or instead of him. It is of little use to establish a complicated diagnosis of the client's situation if he does not understand or accept it. It is possible to effectively change the situation when those who need to change themselves clearly understand this need, and they have the desire and ability to act. The social worker plays a variety of roles. He can see himself as a collaborator and as a helper. The social worker should act on behalf of clients who are unwilling or unable to participate in the change process, but should always strive to encourage their involvement in the process as much as possible. The social worker should help the client to acquire the skills of self-management of emerging problem situations. The process of helping people is that they learn to help themselves in the present and future. The qualitative changes that clients achieve with the help of a professional worker, unfortunately, tend to fade after a while, because people are not mentally and physically prepared to support them for a long time.
The main conclusion of this principle is: do for the client what he can do for himself. Encourage the client to take action. The question immediately arises - how to encourage the client to action. There is a need for a more detailed consideration of the definition of "motivation". The author devotes the next chapter to this.
3. Characteristics of the definition of "incitement to action"
The term "motivation" is widely used in psychology, but mainly as a synonym for the concept of "motive".
An attempt to substantiate the allocation of motivation as an independent psychological formation was made by V.I. Selivanov Values and ethics. Encyclopedia of social work. T.3. - M., 1994, but, unfortunately, this point of view did not receive direct support in psychology, although, apparently, it played a role in distinguishing between the grounds for choosing actions and the specific motivating principle that is created "... in the process complex analytical and synthetic activity of the brain based on the connections of internal and external signaling ... "Ibid., p. 38.
This process of creating a motive as a specific motivation for action was pointed out by S.L. Rubinstein, who wrote that “the motive as a conscious impulse for a certain action is actually formed as a person takes into account, evaluates, weighs the circumstances in which he is, and realizes the goal that confronts him: from the attitude towards them and is born motive in its concrete content, necessary for real life action" Ibid., p. 52.
D.N. also adhered to this view of motivation. Uznadze, who believed that "... the meaning of motivation lies precisely in this: it is precisely such an action that is sought and found that corresponds to the main, fixed in life setting of the individual." The formation of motivation consists in building individual moments of motivation: readiness for activity, its direction, choice of means and methods of action, choice of place and time of action, creation of confidence in the success and correctness of action, etc.
Therefore, the process of motivation includes such formations as needs, motives, emotions, worldview, personal characteristics and ideas of the individual about himself, his abilities, forecast of changes in the environment and the consequences of actions, expected assessments of other people, internal and external opportunities, means of activity, etc. d.
What motivates a person to act in one way or another, set goals and achieve them? These reasons are human needs.
Need is the main motivation for action, which is realized and experienced by a person as a need for something, a lack of something, dissatisfaction with something.
Feeling a physiological or psychological need for something. Human actions are aimed at satisfying needs. How can a social worker encourage a client to take action?
A social worker must be an experienced psychologist, teacher, both of these qualities must be inseparable, since the core idea of all components of the social worker's professions is the ability and desire to help people, to find forms of communication.
4. Communicative features of the activities of a social worker
One of the most important features of the activity of a social worker is clientele activity. It is expressed in the fact that a professional social worker constantly communicates with clients.
His field of activity is professional communication. Therefore, along with purely professional knowledge and skills, the ability to conduct business communication is one of the most important signs of the professional suitability of a social worker.
4.1 Verbal communication
Speech communication between people is many-sided. It can be viewed from different angles.
Communication usually has specific goals. It can distinguish between strategy and tactics to achieve the goal.
Communication is, most often, resolving conflict situations, preventing them and diagnosing various forms of communicative stress, including taking into account conflict factors, barriers to communication, perception, speech and prejudice, mistakes that destroy the communication process.
Interpersonal communication is the exchange of information, emotions, personal interaction, psychological contact.
4.2 Communicative professiogram of a social worker
The most important feature of the activity of a social worker is the ability to conduct a dialogue, organize the communication process, and manage it. The ability to conduct a dialogue involves a number of professional skills and knowledge.
A professional should be able to listen and understand, ask correctly and answer accurately in a business-like manner, convince and convince, create an atmosphere of trust and ease, find a subtle psychological approach to the client, resolve conflicts and relieve tension.
At the heart of all this lies the communicative technique of communication. Possession of it is the most important sign of the professional suitability of specialists of any profile whose activities are related to communication.
According to this, a number of characteristics can be distinguished that make up the communicative portrait of a social worker, who can be called a humanitarian of practical action.
We will call these characteristics a communicative professiogram, which, in fact, is a system of qualification requirements that apply to a specialist in the field of social work.
A specialist in this field should:
* know speech etiquette and be able to use it;
* organize the required type of communication and manage it;
* analyze the subject of communication, its goals and objectives;
* ask questions correctly and answer them accurately;
* be able to conduct a conversation, an interview, a business conversation, a dispute, a controversy, a discussion, a debate, a debate, a dispute, a round table, a business meeting, a team business game, negotiations, bidding,
* be able to analyze conflicts, crisis situations, confrontations and resolve them;
* have the skill to prove and substantiate, criticize and refute, argue and convince, reach agreements and compromises;
* own the technique of speech, be able to use rhetorical figures and techniques;
* be able to correctly build a speech and other public speaking;
* know office etiquette and be able to use it;
* be able to use the word to carry out psychotherapy in communication; relieve stress, tension; adapt the client to the relevant conditions, adjust his behavior and assessments. Without mastering the above knowledge and skills, business communication, that is, such communication, when a matter can be resolved with the help of a word, is impossible.
To encourage a client to act, it is necessary to know not only all the above postulates, but also apply practical psychology in activities.
Conclusion
In this paper, knowledge about social work as a profession was summarized, professional skills and abilities of social workers were considered to encourage the client to act. Having considered social work in these aspects, we can say that the success of this activity, like any other, depends on the knowledge, life experience and professional skills of social workers. The formation of professionalism always begins with the professional training and education of specialists, the gradual formation of a system of practical skills of the system of social work and professional skills. Without professional skills it is impossible to organize individual social services in order to resolve the difficult life situation of the client and ensure the socio-psychological harmony of its functioning.
The level, depth and quality of training determine the professionalism of an employee in any field of activity. The work of a social worker is no exception.
Mastering technology in any field of activity, its consistent application in practice is the most important requirement for a professional, therefore, the training program for specialists with higher professional education in the field of social work includes social work technology as one of the main academic disciplines. Deep penetration and assimilation of the essence, content and specifics of technological processes is the basis for the professionalism of personnel in the social sphere of activity and specialists in social services.
Russia has yet to fundamentally develop standards and norms of professional and ethical behavior of social work specialists.
Bibliography
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4. Professiogram of the activities of a social worker
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The rofessiogram is a set of requirements imposed by the profession on the personality, abilities, skills and capabilities of a specialist. The professiogram defines the psychological structure of professional activity, its main components and the connections between them. The psychological structure of the activity, in turn, is determined by the general nature of the activity, its content and the tasks facing the specialist. A social worker is aimed at solving a whole range of various tasks, such as:
- adaptation of clients to society, the formation of their active life position in solving their problems;
· creation of conditions for self-assertion of representatives of vulnerable social groups;
diagnostics of social and personal problems;
social prevention;
social assistance and social security for those in need;
· counseling;
social rehabilitation and therapy;
social supervision and guardianship;
social design;
mediation between clients and various organizations;
· innovative activity in the field of social work, etc. 1
Among the variety of professional functions that determine the success of a social worker, the following functions can be distinguished: communicative, psychological, organizational and pedagogical.
The communicative function determines all the processes of professional communication. The social worker is responsible for establishing contact with the client, choosing the optimal interaction strategy, timely informing and developing a common sense of information. He himself models communication and manages it. The implementation of the communicative function involves the ability of a person to communicate with various people in victimogenic circumstances. At the same time, the social worker can deal with the client's problems in the context of leisure activities, which include various ways of structuring time, such as entertainment and rituals. Therefore, the range of professional communication skills is quite wide. One of the most difficult problems that a social worker must solve when communicating with a client is the duality of his communicative position. On the one hand, he controls communication and, in a certain sense, occupies a dominant position, on the other hand, he himself is aimed at dialogic, subject-subject relationships. This contradiction of communicative activity is the key one. Its decision depends on the professionalism and personal qualities of the social worker.
The pedagogical function is associated with the educational and training aspect of the activity of a specialist, who often acts as a consultant or expert. He teaches users the social skills of expedient behavior in certain life situations, provides legal education to his clients, introduces them to various regulations aimed at providing assistance, etc. Many clients perceive social workers not only as representatives of certain services, but also as assistants, mentors, advisers, able to find and suggest the right solution in a difficult social situation.
The organizational function is associated with the creation and management of social services in various institutions and localities (in regions, settlements at the place of residence). A social worker identifies the interests of people and promotes the organization of leisure activities, involving various institutions (state and public) and their representatives in cooperation. This activity is aimed at preventing and overcoming social problems. In addition, the social worker provides direct and indirect support to members of the marginalized segments of the population. Indirect support is due to the development and implementation of various social projects that affect the improvement of the quality of life of people.
The psychological function is realized in the diagnostic, prognostic, psychotherapeutic activities of a social worker who seeks to actualize the creative forces of a person in the fight against deforming social conditions of life. The diagnostic foundations of social work are associated with the identification of the origins, prerequisites for the emergence and formation of various personal deformations and behaviors leading to social maladaptation. At the prognostic level, conditions are identified that contribute to the formation of successfully functioning, productive members of society, overcoming social and psychological difficulties. The psychotherapeutic level involves solving the problem: how can the efforts of a social worker contribute to overcoming the negative influences of the environment and the previous social experience of clients? At the same time, the most important thing is to encourage the client's own social activity.
Modern psychological science connects the active position of a person in relation to the outside world with the development of such an integral characteristic of a person as internality. Internality is the ability and ability of a person to take responsibility for what happens to him and control various aspects of his own life. In situations that are significant for themselves, people in one case localize control on their own activities, and in the other on external circumstances. In this regard, two opposite types of personality are distinguished: with an internal and external locus of control. Internals show greater independence, weakly succumb to pressure from others, are able to act productively in conditions of loneliness, and are more active in searching for the necessary information to get out of a difficult social situation. Externals exhibit opposite characteristics. When interacting with other people, externals choose passive social roles, trying to adapt to the behavior of more socially active subjects. Most people in need of social assistance are externals.
Overcoming the difficulties of social life and successful social adaptation is possible only on the basis of a person's internal position. The transition from an external to an internal position is ensured by the formation of volitional regulation of behavior. Volitional regulation is understood as the intentional regulation of an impulse to act, consciously accepted by necessity (external or internal) and performed by a person according to his own decision (V.A. Ivannikov). All volitional actions are carried out on the basis of awareness and premeditation based on their necessity (socially given or accepted for one's own motives). Such actions are realized through an additionally created motivation for them. As a leading mechanism of volitional regulation, one can use a change in the meaning of a person's activity and behavior in a difficult or extreme situation, when maximum mobilization of forces is required to overcome difficulties. Meaning is usually perceived and experienced as the meaning of something for a person, an emotionally experienced attitude towards something, more or less clearly realized. If you change or create an additional meaning of an action, when it is performed not only for the sake of the motive for which the action was taken to be carried out, but also for the sake of the person’s personal values or other motives involved in a given action, then the formation of motives for volitional action will be carried out.
How can a social worker change the meaning of a situation for a person in order to awaken his internality?
First, through a reassessment of the significance of a motive or an object of need. This can be done through the assessments and opinions of other people, through various external symbols that remind of the consequences of the chosen actions, through the comparison of attractive and negative aspects the object of need and the intentional decrease in the attractiveness of one side while increasing the attractiveness of the other side.
Secondly, through a change in the role, position of a person. So, for example, involving the needy themselves in social work can positively influence the formation of the internal characteristics of the individual.
Thirdly, through foreseeing and experiencing the consequences of an action or refusal to carry it out. An individual can imagine the consequences of his action, and these ideas in a certain way affect the meaning of the action.
Fourth, changing the meaning of a given action can be achieved by combining two meanings in one action, one of which is given by a life or extreme situation, and the other is created through the connection of the action with a new real motive, updated from the outside. A new action in the form of an old one can be given by another person. For example, within the framework of an old action, a new goal is set that corresponds to a new motive. An additional meaning of a given action is also created through the setting of more specific goals when performing a certain amount of activity or
etc.................
A professiogram is a requirement of a profession for personal qualities, psychological characteristics, psychological capabilities of a person, as well as requirements that describe the personalities necessary for this type of human activity, which form the basis professional looking activities, the core is a psychogram, which is a “portrait” of the profession, compiled on the basis of an interpretive psychological analysis operational and technological content of a specific labor activity
A professiogram is a document containing a description, firstly, of the content of work on certain profession(functions, duties, tasks, operations), and secondly, the requirements for a carrier of a particular profession (professional, business, personal qualities). The documentary form of a professiogram can be a verbal description, a sign algorithm, a video film, a computer program.
The professiogram differs from the job description primarily in two circumstances:
1) in the professiogram there is no mention of the rights and responsibilities of the employee, that is, of those sections that make job description declarative;
2) the professiogram describes the working conditions at the workplace and sets out the requirements for the employee in an incomparably larger volume.
Drawing up a professiogram is not always possible in mass professions (such as in social work), it is often necessary to talk about society, about a labor program, but not about professionalism. The importance of the problem is visible either to the professional and from the outside, several options for the development of the profession are not always visible.
An approximate sample of a professiogram for the profession "Social worker", which, according to the subject of labor, belongs to the type - "man-to-man", and by the nature of work is a profession of a creative class.
1. Appointment of a profession: providing assistance and support to needy citizens (orphans, disabled people, mothers of many children, lonely elderly people suffering from alcoholism and drug addiction, etc.).
2. The main tasks to be solved: studying the personality and its environment, analyzing various situations, predicting and preventing conflicts, establishing contact with children, creating an atmosphere of goodwill, an individual approach to working with people, personality research, interpersonal relationships in the microsociety, identifying conflict situations, deviations in behavior, drawing up recommendations for consultative and corrective work, activities for the rehabilitation and readaptation of people who have deviations from the norm in physical, mental and social development, prevention of the phenomena of social, cultural, psychological maladjustment, work with people of deviant behavior, assistance in the realization of the rights and freedoms of the individual, assistance in adapting the individual to specific living conditions, counseling, organizing joint socially significant activities, supporting and stimulating social initiatives of the individual and the microenvironment .
The profession requires mainly intellectual costs from a specialist. Professional activity, first of all, implies the analysis, comparison and interpretation of data, the proposal of new solutions, the coordination of work, the coordination of actions.
3. The basis of the profession is both school knowledge and special knowledge: social sciences, developmental psychology, social Psychology, psychology of deviant (deviant), delinquent behavior, pedagogy, sociology;
The specialist carries out activities indoors, more often mobile, less often at the workplace. Activities are carried out inseparably from the team. Usually professional communication happens directly.
4. Professionally important qualities: initiative, optimism, dominance positive emotions, self-control, emotional balance, endurance, the ability to reasonably defend one's opinion, the ability to switch from one activity to another, diligence, diligence, commitment to professional excellence, extraversion (orientation to interact with people, sociability), speech hearing (perception oral speech), attention to detail, the ability to create an image according to a verbal description, the ability to figuratively represent objects, processes and phenomena, abstractness (abstract images, concepts) of thinking, analyticity (the ability to distinguish individual elements of reality, the ability to classify) thinking, conceptual thinking, objectivity (objects real world and their features) thinking, strategic thinking, face memory, emotional memory, communication skills(the ability to communicate and interact with people), the ability of the speech apparatus to work intensively and for a long time, the ability to correctly express one's thoughts, the ability to control one's emotions, the ability to work in an irregular schedule, the ability to keep a secret.
1. Presentation of the profession
A social worker is a merciful, kind profession that officially appeared in Russia only 20 years ago. With the transition of the country to market economy It was most difficult for the unprotected sections of the population to cope: lonely, weak old people, single moms and dads, the disabled, the seriously ill, and children deprived of parental care. Representatives of a new profession, social workers, came to their aid.
Of course, they had historical predecessors (trustees, nurses, patronage nurses, Timurovites, etc.). Since ancient times, it was customary in Rus' to take care of the poor and infirm. Usually lonely old people, disabled people, homeless children were taken care of by monasteries, where all the suffering could count on shelter, care and food. Respectful, caring attitude towards the elderly - important criterion level of development of human society.
Social worker - qualified specialist who works in the public sphere, has to do with people's lives and their relationships in society. This is a doctor, a priest, a psychologist rolled into one.
Many of the older people today are lonely, helpless and poor. Giving them emotional support is the most important thing. They need not only medical care, medicines, but sometimes elementary care and solving everyday issues. It is difficult to find a more noble profession, people work in it by vocation, random people do not stay here. In Western countries, the profession of a social worker is one of the three most respected in society, along with the professions of a doctor and a lawyer. Main duty organ officer social protection population - to help those who are unable to take care of themselves. For example, in one of the cities of Russia there is a bus service "Mercy", in winter they evacuate homeless people from freezing from the streets. Every year, employees of this service save hundreds of people from hypothermia and starvation.
There are different specialties in this profession: social work, organization of sign language communication, organization of work with youth.
Advantages of the profession: availability of obtaining a profession; the opportunity to do good deeds every day; high social importance.
Profession Restrictions: Low Level wages; not suitable for people who are squeamish, do not have patience and do not know how to sympathize.
2. Type and class of profession
The profession of a social worker belongs to the type: "Man - Man", it is focused on communication and interaction with people. This requires the ability to establish and maintain business contacts, understand people and understand human relationships, be active, sociability and contact, have developed speech abilities and verbal thinking, and have emotional stability.
Additional profession type: " Man-Nature”, because it is associated with the care and care of living people, with the prevention and treatment of diseases. This requires high level development of observation, attentiveness, physical endurance, inclination and interest in working with people who need help and care.
The profession of a social worker belongs to the performing class, it is associated with the execution of decisions, work according to a given model, compliance with existing rules and regulations, following instructions. It requires organization, diligence, the ability to deal with specific cases.
3. Activity content
The activity of a social worker includes the provision of material and domestic assistance and moral and legal support to disabled people, lonely elderly people, mothers of many children, orphans, people suffering from serious illnesses, alcoholics and drug addicts, distressed citizens who are in a state of depression due to environmental disasters, interethnic conflicts and wars, the loss of loved ones.
A social worker provides and organizes material and domestic assistance and moral and legal support to disabled people, lonely elderly people, mothers of many children, orphans, people suffering from serious illnesses, alcoholics and drug addicts, distressed citizens, Works in dysfunctional families. Develops a program of rehabilitation measures. Coordinates the efforts of various state and public structures. Conducts conversations, observation of the life and life of his wards.
A social worker most often serves persons assigned to him in need of assistance, from 8 to 16 people. He visits the wards at the place of residence, provides them with moral support, provides each with food and medicine at his request according to a pre-compiled and agreed list, pays public utilities, receives pensions and benefits accrued in the name of the ward. The social worker provides assistance around the house: he cleans and redecorates the apartment, prepares food if necessary, and feeds the ward. In case of illness of the ward, he provides him with emergency pre-medical medical care. Calls a doctor at home, accompanies to an appointment at the clinic. In case of hospitalization of the ward visits him in the hospital. At the request of the ward writes letters, makes phone calls relatives, as well as other issues faced by lonely, elderly and sick people.
4. Working conditions
The social worker has an active, mobile work, numerous contacts, visits to the wards at home and various authorities and shops.
The main means of labor of a social worker: hand tools, "golden hands" and "kind heart".
The social worker fulfills clear, well-defined goals, solves standard, typical tasks.
The social worker performs the tasks set by others, according to the set standards, rules, algorithms.
Of the special working conditions, it should be noted the moral responsibility for the wards and the high psycho-emotional load in intensive contact with representatives of disadvantaged strata of society.
5. Requirements for the knowledge and skills of a specialist
For the successful development of the profession of a social worker, general awareness of social, humanitarian and moral issues is necessary, basic knowledge of history, the Russian language, and social science is useful.
A qualified social worker should know:
- foundations of ethics, psychology;
- fundamentals of medicine;
- fundamentals of economics;
- legal norms.
A qualified social worker should be able to:
- establish emotional contact with the wards;
- show care, provide them with moral support;
- perform household chores around the house (make purchases, cook, wash);
- provide first aid if necessary.
6. Requirements for individual characteristics specialist
To be successful as a social worker, you must have the following professionally important qualities:
- practical logical thinking of a subject-effective warehouse;
- optimism;
- decency;
- punctuality;
- compassion;
- a pronounced sense of responsibility;
- a pronounced propensity to work in the field of communication;
- propensity for service work;
- lexical abilities;
- activity and physical mobility;
- high emotional stability.
7. Medical contraindications
Medical restrictions for a social worker:
- dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system;
- speech, vision and hearing disorders;
- impaired coordination of movements;
- serious chronic diseases that cause rapid fatigue (anemia);
- diseases of cardio-vascular system;
- neuropsychiatric diseases.
8. Ways to get a profession
People with pronounced altruism come to the profession of a social worker, skillful hands and a leading interest in helping and supporting those who need it most. You can start your career in this profession with an ordinary position in the center of social protection, then get a specialized education.
Basic knowledge of the profession of a social worker can be obtained in institutions of higher professional education.
You can increase the level of your knowledge at seminars, at advanced training courses.
Information about educational institutions can be obtained from Internet resources.
9. Fields of application of the profession
Social workers have ample opportunities for employment, their services are in demand in many organizations:
- in federal and municipal authorities;
- in the bodies of social protection of the population (centers social service;
- in the centers of employment of the population, social assistance to families and children;
- V public institutions in the system of internal affairs and justice bodies;
- V educational institutions;
- V rehabilitation centers different profile;
- in public and private insurance and pension organizations and funds;
- in organizations and institutions for youth affairs;
- in the centers of education and career guidance;
- in houses children's creativity;
- in church parishes.
10. Career prospects
Possible ways of development of the social worker.
Specialization and development of related areas
Over time, you can improve your skills, learn new specialties within the profession or related professions: a nurse, a boarding school teacher, a teacher. In the case of choosing this direction of career development, it is recommended to master the skills of influence, teaching, to additionally get acquainted with the content of such professions as: a teacher, a master of industrial training, a psychologist.
Managerial career development
A social worker with a higher basic education and a desire to develop as a manager and manager can eventually become a leader, head a social service department in the social assistance system. In the case of choosing the administrative direction of career development, it is recommended to develop managerial skills, additionally master such professions as a manager.
Entrepreneurial development
Over time, it is possible to open a non-state charitable foundation, attracting funds from private investors. In this case, it is recommended to additionally master the profession of an entrepreneur.
11. Related professions
Nurse / nurse, boarding school teacher, teacher, teacher, industrial training master, psychologist.
C social work specialist
Type and class of profession
The profession of a social worker belongs to the “Person-to-Person” type, it is focused on communication and interaction with people. This requires the ability to establish and maintain business contacts, understand people and understand human relationships, be active, sociability and contact, have developed speech abilities and verbal thinking, and have emotional stability.
An additional type of profession: "Man-Nature", since it is associated with the care and care of living people, with the prevention and treatment of diseases. This requires a high level of development of observation, mindfulness, physical endurance, inclination and interest in working with people who need help and care.
The profession of a social worker belongs to the performing class, it is associated with the execution of decisions, work according to a given model, compliance with existing rules and regulations, following instructions. It requires organization, diligence, the ability to deal with specific cases.
Profession presentation
A social worker is a merciful, kind profession that officially appeared in Russia only 20 years ago. The country's transition to a market economy was most difficult for the vulnerable sections of the population to cope with: lonely, weak old people, single mothers and fathers, the disabled, the seriously ill, and children deprived of parental care. Representatives of a new profession, social workers, came to their aid.
Of course, they had historical predecessors (trustees, nurses, patronage nurses, Timurovites, etc.). Since ancient times, it was customary in Rus' to take care of the poor and infirm. Usually lonely old people, disabled people, homeless children were taken care of by monasteries, where all the suffering could count on shelter, care and food. Respectful, caring attitude towards the elderly is an important criterion for the level of development of human society.
A social worker is a qualified specialist who works in the public sphere, is related to people's lives and their relationships in society. This is a doctor, a priest, a psychologist rolled into one. Many of the older people today are lonely, helpless and poor. Giving them emotional support is the most important thing. They need not only medical care, medicines, but sometimes elementary care and solving everyday issues. It is difficult to find a more noble profession, people work in it by vocation, random people do not stay here. In Western countries, the profession of a social worker is one of the three most respected in society, along with the professions of a doctor and a lawyer. The main duty of an employee of the social protection authorities is to help those who are not able to take care of themselves.
There are different specialties in this profession: social work, organization of sign language communication, organization of work with youth.
Advantages of the profession: availability of obtaining a profession; the opportunity to do good deeds every day; high social importance.
Limitations of the profession: low wages; not suitable for people who are squeamish, do not have patience and do not know how to sympathize.
The activity of a social worker includes the provision of material and domestic assistance and moral and legal support to disabled people, lonely elderly people, mothers of many children, orphans, people suffering from serious illnesses, alcoholics and drug addicts, distressed citizens who are in a state of depression due to environmental disasters, interethnic conflicts and wars, the loss of loved ones.
A social worker most often serves persons assigned to him in need of assistance, from 8 to 16 people. He visits the wards at the place of residence, provides them with moral support, provides each with food and medicine at his request according to a pre-compiled and agreed list, pays for utilities, receives pensions and benefits accrued in the name of the ward. The social worker provides assistance around the house: he cleans and redecorates the apartment, prepares food if necessary, and feeds the ward. In the event of illness, the ward provides him with emergency first-aid medical care. Calls a doctor at home, accompanies to an appointment at the clinic. In case of hospitalization of the ward visits him in the hospital. At the request of the ward, he writes letters, makes phone calls to relatives, and also solves other issues that lonely, elderly and sick people face.
Requirements for the knowledge and skills of a specialist
For the successful development of the profession of a social worker, general awareness of social, humanitarian and moral issues is necessary, basic knowledge of history, the Russian language, and social science is useful.
A qualified social worker should know:
- foundations of ethics, psychology;
- fundamentals of medicine;
- fundamentals of economics;
- legal norms.
A qualified social worker should be able to:
- establish emotional contact with the wards;
- show care, provide them with moral support;
- perform household chores around the house (make purchases, cook, wash);
- provide first aid if necessary.
Requirements for the individual characteristics of a specialist
To be successful as a social worker, you must have the following professionally important qualities:
- practical logical thinking of a subject-effective warehouse;
- optimism;
- decency;
- punctuality;
- compassion;
- a pronounced sense of responsibility;
- a pronounced propensity to work in the service sector;
- propensity for service work;
- lexical abilities;
- activity and physical mobility;
- high emotional stability.
Working conditions
The social worker has an active, mobile work, numerous contacts, visits to the wards at home and various authorities and shops.
The main means of labor of a social worker: hand tools, "golden hands" and "kind heart".
The social worker fulfills clear, well-defined goals, solves standard, typical tasks.
The social worker performs the tasks set by others, according to the set standards, rules, algorithms.
Of the special working conditions, it should be noted the moral responsibility for the wards and the high psycho-emotional load in intensive contact with representatives of disadvantaged strata of society.
Basic education
Basic knowledge of the profession of a social worker can be obtained in institutions of higher professional education.
Ways to get a profession
People with pronounced altruism, skillful hands and a leading interest in helping and supporting those who need it most of all come to the profession of a social worker. You can start your career in this profession with an ordinary position in the center of social protection, then get a specialized education.
You can increase the level of your knowledge at seminars, at advanced training courses.
Fields of application of the profession
Social workers have ample opportunities for employment, their services are in demand in many organizations:
- in federal and municipal authorities;
- in the bodies of social protection of the population (centers of social services;
- in the centers of employment of the population, social assistance to families and children;
- in state institutions in the system of internal affairs and justice bodies;
- in educational institutions;
- in rehabilitation centers of various profiles;
- in public and private insurance and pension organizations and funds;
- in organizations and institutions for youth affairs;
- in the centers of education and career guidance;
- in the houses of children's creativity;
- in church parishes.
Career prospects
Specialization and development of adjacent areas.
Over time, you can improve your skills, learn new specialties within the profession or related professions: nurse, boarding school teacher, teacher. In the case of choosing this direction of career development, it is recommended to master the skills of influence, teaching, to additionally get acquainted with the content of such professions as: teacher, master of industrial training, psychologist.
Management career development.
A social worker with a higher basic education and a desire to develop as a manager and manager can eventually become a leader, head a social service department in the social assistance system. In the case of choosing the administrative direction of career development, it is recommended to develop managerial skills, additionally master such professions as a manager.
Entrepreneurial development
Over time, it is possible to open a non-state charitable foundation, attract funds from private investors. In this case, it is recommended to additionally master the profession of an entrepreneur.
