Libraries perform important social functions - they contribute to the realization of the constitutional rights of citizens to education, the use of cultural achievements, recreation, freedom of scientific, technical and artistic creativity, they contribute to raising consciousness and the formation of an active life position, assist in the wide dissemination of scientific and technical knowledge, the introduction of the achievements of science and technology in social practice.
Having outlined the goals and objectives of the library, it is possible to determine its functions, the correct definition of which largely determines the management of the library. Functions reveal the main content of the work of the library, they represent a specific type of work that provides a rational form of the division of labor of employees. None of the functions acts independently; their unity forms the basis of management.
The main functions are divided into subfunctions. In the course of the splitting of functions, a management structure for the library and its subdivisions arises. Functions are general, such as, for example, production, financial, sociological, personnel, managerial, research, economic, as well as private (specific), for example, acquisition of funds, servicing readers. There are functions-tasks aimed at the direct fulfillment of the set goals, and functions-elements are components of the functions-tasks. Libraries, depending on their specifics, complexity of work, size, capabilities, needs, create departments, services, sectors, groups corresponding to the functions-tasks. At the same time, the amount of work for the implementation of each function, the required number of employees by category, and the optimal number of structural units are taken into account. For each of them, the direction of activity, specific clear tasks and responsibilities, the boundaries of competence and rights, the breadth and nature of relations with others are established. structural divisions libraries, universities and other organizations and institutions.
Major functions, such as reader services, are handled by several departments. Small functions are concentrated in one structural unit or their execution is entrusted to separate performers. In small libraries, the functions of collecting funds, processing them and organizing catalogs are performed by one department. At the same time, it is not recommended to create a concentration of functions within the same department that do not have or have very few common or similar elements. This results in a lack of coordination or insufficient coordination in one of the functions.
The composition of the functions is changing under the influence of the scientific and technological revolution, an increase in the volume of work, in accordance with new requirements, tasks that are set for university libraries. At present, new functions have been and are being developed, both in university libraries and in other libraries, and, accordingly, new structural divisions are being created to carry them out: departments, services, sectors, groups of information technology, scientific and technical information, innovation, marketing, mechanization and computerization of processes, scientific and methodological, mass work, scientific organization labor and management, reading rooms technical means, Internet class, and these functions will continue to be strengthened.
The general functions of the university library are defined " model provision about the library of the university”, where it is noted that the library is an educational, auxiliary, scientific, informational, cultural and educational structural unit of a higher educational institution, which provides literature and information, educational, educational and research processes.
The main specific functions inherent in the university library are: providing educational, educational, research processes; acquisition, processing, organization, storage, promotion and use of book collections; directory organization; reader service; information-bibliographic, mass, scientific-methodical and research work.
Auxiliary functions that ensure the successful implementation of the main functions are performed by the department of mechanization and automation of library processes, the department of auxiliary services (copy-copying, micro-photo laboratory, bookbinding workshop, library decoration) and the economic service.
With the aim of correct use These functions need to be coordinated, people managed, and monitored to achieve their goals. This is done by an administrative or management function. This function crowns all other functions.
The fund acquisition function is performed by the acquisition department. The task of the department is to carry out scientific, profile, planned, complete, operational, purposeful and systematic acquisition and completion of funds together with the departments and other departments of the university, the acquisition council, based on the provision on the formation of funds and the thematic-typological plan for the acquisition of the library and departments; manage the quantity and quality of received publications, their movement, accounting, write-off, domestic and international book exchange, reference and auxiliary apparatus, analysis of the availability of books for students with textbooks and teaching aids, financial reporting, methodological activities of the library on acquisition issues, organization of coordination of work on acquisition of funds with libraries of the district, city, rationalization of work processes and operations, introduction of innovations into work, involvement of the reader's asset in the work.
The functions of scientific processing of documents and organization of catalogs of the library are carried out by the department of scientific processing of documents and organization of catalogs. Its task is based on computer technology, operational processing, description, systematization, reflection in catalogs and transfer to departments of batches of literature, creation and maintenance of a system of library catalogs on traditional and modern computer media for the purpose of multi-aspect disclosure of the library fund; managing the flow of funds in the process of processing, book description and organization of the alphabetical catalog, systematization and organization of the systematic catalog, the creation of a reference apparatus for the library catalog system and the organization of their propaganda among readers, the provision of methodological assistance in creating library catalogs, branches, departmental libraries, library departments, introduction of advanced forms and methods of work, involvement of the reader's asset in the work; participation in the creation of industry, regional and national databases.
The functions of organizing, storing, promoting and using the book collections of the library are performed by the departments of book storage, reader service, and mass work.
The task of the book storage department is organization, rational placement, conservation, propaganda and rational use, restoration and conservation of funds; management of the formation of funds by branches of knowledge, by the profile of the university, by types of publications, their purposeful, systematic study and analysis of the use of library funds, optimization of their formation, in order to replenish, purify, promote and rational use, managing the book depository as a system; submission to the Ministry of Education and Science of proposals regarding the publication of educational and scientific-methodical literature.
Based on the tasks set, following features: the formation of library funds, through the acquisition of scientific, educational, fiction, according to curricula, programs and topics of scientific research, the formation of a library fund in accordance with the profile of the university and the information needs of readers.
The task of the reader service departments is to organize an effective, rational, operational, differentiated service for both students and teachers, university staff, readers from other organizations and institutions on subscriptions, in reading rooms, for MBA, ZA, at faculties, interfaculty libraries, research institutes , branches, libraries at departments, laboratories, classrooms, SPKTB, dormitories and other points for issuing literature; free provision of the readership of the university with library services; in managing the process of registering readers, promoting funds, differentiated services for readers, analyzing the readership and book supply of readers together with the reader's asset in order to complete the funds and satisfy readers' requests; in work with refusals for publications and reader's debt; in the management of the systems of subscriptions for reading rooms, the flow of readers - all this comes from the regularity of the cyclical nature of the work of the university, the library and the schedule for organizing the work of the university and educational process; in providing additional paid services readers based on the current lists; organization of information and bibliographic service third-party organizations and citizens on a compensatory basis, determined by the agreement.
The task of the departments of socio-economic and fiction, mass work is, based on the plan of educational work of the university, together with the administration, the center of culture and art, deans, departments, student councils in hostels, headmen and curators of groups, scientific societies, readership and others organizations to carry out mass-educational and general educational work among students and employees, to conduct a wide promotion of the book by organizing and holding reader's conferences, oral journals, literary and musical evenings, disputes, bibliographic reviews, book exhibitions and other events. Active promotion of normative acts on the education and upbringing of student youth. Managing the processes of educating readers, forming a scientific worldview, internationalism, patriotism, military-patriotic education, instilling aesthetic and artistic tastes, coordinating this work at the university, as well as with the libraries of the city and district, attracting a wide readership to this work - all this is also included in the work of departments of mass work.
The functions of reference, bibliographic and information activities are performed by the scientific and bibliographic department, as well as services, sectors, groups of scientific and technical information. The purpose of the scientific and bibliographic department is the organization, acquisition, formation, use and promotion of the reference and bibliographic apparatus (both traditional and new media) in accordance with the areas of educational and research work of the university. Its purpose is operational reference and bibliographic service for all categories of readers, management of the reference and bibliographic service system. The department creates and maintains a system of bibliographic card indexes on traditional and modern computer media for the purpose of multi-aspect disclosure of the library fund; organizes the promotion of library, bibliographic and informational knowledge, conducts scientific and bibliographic activities; is engaged in the rationalization of the work processes of the department, coordination of work with other libraries, involvement of the reader's asset in the work, education of the information culture of readers, instills in them the skills to use the book and the library; provides information and library and bibliographic services to readers, studies the information needs of researchers and students of the university in order to meet them optimally; organizes the work of public informants of the departments and scientific divisions of the university and provides them with the necessary assistance; compiles and prepares for printing bibliographic indexes, lists of references to help the scientific, educational work of the university, performs all types of bibliographic references, conducts bibliographic reviews, etc. bibliography”, promotes library and bibliographic knowledge, instills the skills of searching and using information in the educational process and scientific work through individual consultations, organizing book exhibitions, etc.
The tasks of the department (service) of scientific and technical information include the organization of prompt, complete, clear information services for all categories of readers, based on the plans of the educational and research work of the university, based on the wide involvement of the reader's asset. The department takes part in the preparation and conduct of events for scientific and technical propaganda, which are organized by the university; manages the acquisition, formation and use of the reference and information fund (SIF); organizes individual, group and mass information for the purpose of prompt and complete propaganda the latest achievements domestic and foreign science and technology. The department activates information activities through the interaction of the library with NTI bodies and institutions that have documentary and information databases.
The scientific, methodological and research function in the library is carried out by departments, offices, services, sectors, groups, individual employees of the departments of scientific, methodological, organizational work, analysis and scientific research, innovation, and marketing. These divisions study and introduce into practice the advanced library experience; carry out scientific and methodological work (analytical, organizational, advisory) to improve all areas of the library; provide advanced training for library staff, improve their general educational level and professional level; organize the training of library specialists in the skills of working with a computer, equipment in automated systems. Their task includes: continuous improvement of the forms and methods of library activity; conducting independent and participation in research, educational and organizational and methodological work on issues of book science and computer science, library science and bibliography; organization and holding of scientific and practical conferences for employees, management scientific work employees. They are engaged in publishing activities, sociological and other research in the library, the introduction of a rational organization of work and management in the library and its structural divisions, methodological developments to help libraries, departments, branches, cathedral libraries; a system of advanced training for employees, the development of regulatory and technological documentation, the work of the methodological council, the biblical council, the board of directors, the study of propaganda and the introduction of modern theoretical achievements and best practices in the work of libraries. Their function is the organization of scientific and methodological work, the development of creative activity of employees; coordination of scientific, methodological, research activities, analysis of the work of the library in the leading areas of activity; improving the technology of library processes and operations; coordination and direction of research activities of the library. The main objective of this function is to assist the library staff, libraries of the city, the country in improving the work processes and quality of service for readers based on the latest achievements of library and bibliographic science and library practice.
Auxiliary functions in the library are performed by the department of mechanization and automation of library work and the department of auxiliary services, economic service (department). The task of the department of mechanization and automation of library and information processes (information technologies) is to contribute to the improvement of reader service, information, reference and bibliographic services by introducing modern technical means in various areas of the library; creation of a modern technical base for the development of local automated library systems; ensuring the operation of all equipment and technical means, as well as training library staff; improvement of all types of library services based on modern technical equipment and computer science; expanding the range of library services, improving their quality based on new information technology and technology, computerization of information and library processes; use of economic accounting elements; managing the process of equipping the library with modern means of mechanization and automation, their successful operation, increasing the productivity of employees in order to provide prompt service to readers.
The purpose of the Support Services Department is to assist in the normal operation of the Library's core functions; providing readers with photocopies of the necessary materials available in the library in one copy, microfilming and microfiching of publications, making copies from microcarriers, ensuring the receipt of the necessary photocopies and photographs, binding publications and materials, artistic and aesthetic design of the library; management of the work of the service of copying and duplicating equipment, micro-photo laboratory, bookbinding workshop, artistic and aesthetic design of the library and departments. If the library does not have a department of auxiliary services, then its functions are performed either by the department of mechanization and automation of library processes, or maintenance department service).
Administrative and economic department (economic department, service, sector), which is headed by the deputy director for the economy, the head of the economy, a dedicated employee, the commandant - if the library is located in a separate building. Purpose of the department: creation of optimal conditions for the work of staff and readers, strengthening the material and technical base of the library; organization of activities and management of economic and supply activities; providing equipment, furniture, library equipment, stationery, providing necessary materials economic and bookbinding workshops, laboratories of copying equipment and micro-photocopying; ensuring the cleanliness of the premises and the adjacent territory, the operational management of these processes.
The management function is a part of management activity that has become isolated as a result of the division of labor and specialization in the field of management. The management function is understood as a complex of works assigned to any part of the management apparatus by a commonality of goals and means to achieve it. The main functions of management are the formation production program and providing it with personnel, organizing work on the rhythmic execution of production tasks, ensuring the stability of technological processes, operational scheduling and regulation of the implementation of production tasks, logistics, accounting and reporting, analysis, evaluation of the efficiency and quality of work.
In the organizational plan, the following types of management activities are distinguished: preliminary management - the development of management goals, forecasting and planning, and operational management - organization, administration, control, accounting, analysis. The listed types of management activities are integrated into the management function.
The library team sets certain tasks, for the implementation of which the appropriate management bodies are created. The distribution of management functions between bodies depends on many factors. The role and importance of the functions of forecasting, long-term planning and management increase as you move up the hierarchical ladder, in this case, from the heads of departments to the library directorate, and the role of the functions of operational and current planning, operational management and control increase in the bodies of the lower levels of the hierarchical ladder from the heads departments, chief librarians (bibliographers) to heads of sectors, group leaders, senior librarians (bibliographers).
The function of management (management) in the library is carried out by the library management apparatus, which is assisted by departments, sectors, groups of NOT and management, the commission for NOT in the library, those responsible for NOT in departments, permanent production meetings, the Bibs Council, the methodological council, the board of directors.
The functions of the control apparatus are complex and diverse, their number and complexity in different libraries may not coincide. Depending on the complexity, work on a particular function and the existing division of labor of employees of the administrative apparatus, various degrees of unification and disaggregation of functions are possible. Their task is to carry out scientific management of both the library staff and the work processes that employees carry out by developing evidence-based proposals and recommendations for improving work and management in the library, implementing them in life in order to increase the efficiency of the work of employees, the work of departments and the library generally. They manage the development and resources of the library, technical processes, personnel, culture, organization and quality of work of staff and service to readers.
The main functions of the library are fixed in the "Regulations on the library of the university" (28, 37, 38, 42), the distribution of functions between individual divisions is fixed in the "Regulations on departments and other structural divisions of the library" (28, 40, 41), and the division of functions between employees in the library and in its structural divisions is fixed in " job descriptions", developed on the basis of the "Regulations on structural divisions" and " Qualification characteristics positions of employees of cultural and educational institutions” (29.30).
This is how a functional approach to library management is implemented, the essence of which is to allocate a set of specific functions management, as to a certain extent, separate types of managerial work, as well as the formation of specialized functional subsystems of management for their implementation.
To perform and maintain the functions of the library, employees of the management apparatus use a system of such typical elements of the management cycle: planning, forecasting, standardization, organization, coordination and regulation, analysis and synthesis, stimulation, accounting, control, reporting.
One of the elements of organizing the work of the library is planning - the leading tool and strategic form of organization and management, with the help of which key problems are solved at all levels of organization and management of the library. It includes scientific forecasting, which is its first step. Plans and forecasts form a single whole. The most important condition for forecasting is the modeling of various situations in the state of the library and its departments during the planning period. Planning is used in various forms, which are characterized by a difference in methods: prospective or strategic - designed for a long period (five, ten, fifteen years); long-term - for the entire period of the library; current - annual plans work; operational, monthly, quarterly, semi-annual; short-term - to a significant date. None of the forms of planning is used separately, independently, in isolation - they are all interconnected and follow one from the other. Library plans are drawn up on the basis of planning the budget of the working time of the library and structural divisions. IN Lately libraries make a business plan. Improving the forms and methods of planning should serve to strengthen the planned organization of work and library management.
In the organization of the work of the library, structural divisions and each employee, a special place belongs to accounting and reporting. They should serve as a means of maintaining and organizing library work and the work of the library as a whole. It is necessary to achieve such a situation that accounting in the department, sector of the library is operational, reliable, complete, accurate and permanent. It should be complex and everyday, like the work itself, and be considered by the library management and staff as an organic component of library work.
The foundation of accounting and reporting is library statistics, or rather, indicators of library statistics, which are reflected in the interstate standard 7.20-2000 "Library Statistics". An important role in organizing the work of the library is played by GOSTs of the SIBID system, DSTU and international standards ISO systems. The GOSTs of the SIBID system are designed to promote the use of orderly terminology, unified accounting documents and statistical indicators in information and library practice, to promote the introduction of new information technologies, electronic, corporate, automated libraries and systems, and also to create conditions for mutual understanding of book publishers, booksellers, libraries and information workers. The work should be systematic, differentiated approach to the implementation, promotion and use of standards.
The normative functioning of the library is impossible without the legal regulation of its activities. Legal support economic activity libraries are the legal means of including the library in the circle of economic and legal relations in the process of social interaction, which allows them to realize their purpose. At the same time, libraries need to use their local regulations, and instruments of legal regulation, such as standardization, certification, licensing, labeling, accreditation, as well as the application and use of copyright in library practice.
An important role in organizing the work of the library is played by the organization and management of office work, reflecting the activities of the library. Success or failure are directly dependent on an unmistakably drawn up and executed document. Rational record keeping and streamlining the library's document flow has a direct impact on the efficiency of departments and the organization of the library as a whole, on the efficient use of working time. Office work in the library should be conducted in accordance with the Unified state system office work, which is a set of rules, regulations, recommendations for office work. The nomenclature of cases must be approved in the library, and an employee responsible for the state of office work, controlling the use of documents and the instructions contained in them, must be appointed both in departments and in the library.
The content of the organization of the work of the library in advertising and the use of book, information, electronic and other documents, including corporate ones, available on the Internet, largely depends on the information culture and information literacy of the library staff, readers, and in the university library - and students. To do this, the library needs constant, systematic and meaningful work to instill in all categories of readers and library staff information literacy, the skills and abilities to search for and use the necessary information and documents, using all forms and methods of propaganda (advertising). In the library, it is necessary to develop and constantly develop a system for the formation of the information culture of readers and library staff.
In the conditions of the formation of market relations, the role of the economy in library activities is increasing - this is a system economic relations in the library sector on the production, distribution, exchange, use of library products and services, as well as a set of tools, objects and processes used in libraries in order to provide material conditions for the creation of library products and services using labor. Each library of the university must define the tasks and content economic activity own library, analyze what types of economic resources of production and economic activities are available and used in the work of the library, comprehend economic indicators and outline ways to improve economic activities, constantly analyze library activities.
The organization of the work of the library, its effectiveness to a decisive extent depends on the library management apparatus and the heads of departments and services as the main, leading figures of the library, as well as the leadership of the trade union and other public organizations. The role of advisory and collegiate bodies in organizing the work of the library should not be underestimated. Advisory bodies are: the library council, the council under the director, the method council, the council of mentors, the council of young specialists, the council of readers, the council of trustees, library societies and associations, permanent production meetings, meetings, permanent and temporary commissions, groups, the council for acquisition, write-off publications, the commission on scientific and educational work, labor rationing, etc. Their spheres of influence and interaction are regulated by the coordinating work plan of the directorate, public, collegiate bodies of the library. Each of them solves its own problems.
The inclusion of libraries in market relations requires a revision of the content of the traditional functions of libraries, adjustment of the previous social guidelines and priorities, changes in target settings, and, ultimately, a transition to marketing principles organization and management. Life requires the introduction of fundraising, leasing, and outsourcing into the work of the library. After a thorough analysis, it is necessary to develop a concept for their implementation in the work of the library.
Improving the activities of libraries in modern conditions largely due to the methodological and research support for their work. Today, without the further development of scientific achievements, it is impossible to move forward. It is science that is called upon to theoretically substantiate the features of library policy at the present stage, to identify everything valuable and advanced, born of practice. The work of the librarian and the library staff needs constant improvement, the introduction of new developments, rationalization proposals, information technology, innovation.
final stage innovation process is the development of innovation in the library, when innovation becomes the usual norm of its activity. The introduction of innovations must be operational. The main thing that contributes to the efficiency of work is not the introduction, but the development of innovations. Libraries need to deal with this activity on a daily basis, that is, to manage innovations quickly, using the principles of complexity, planning and continuity. Because Information society- this is a knowledge society, therefore, libraries are entrusted with the mission of managing the organization of knowledge, their acquisition, development and transfer.
The international community is reviewing the trends in the development of libraries in terms of the expansion and multiplication of human knowledge - a process that is essentially endless. The total amount of knowledge accumulated by mankind is constantly increasing. Therefore, the intensification of the process of acquiring and processing knowledge is put forward in the first place. We are talking about methods of obtaining, consolidating, assimilating, storing and using knowledge. The organization of knowledge management for libraries is a new, developing direction.
Each library must constantly carry out methodological monitoring and analytical activities, that is, the analysis and synthesis of its activities, using all available methods of study. Monitoring should be understood as a specially organized and permanent system for collecting and analyzing statistical information, conducting additional information and analytical studies, sociological surveys of readers, diagnosing the state, development trends and severity of general library situations and specific problems of the library. The library administration must be familiar with the methodology for checking and analyzing the activities of the library and use them when checking the activities of both the library as a whole, its individual structural divisions, and the areas of the library's work.
One of the main trends in librarianship at the present stage is automation, informatization and computerization of library and information processes. The introduction of new means of communication, office equipment, telecommunications, computers, supplementing or replacing the manual labor of library workers, affects the object of labor in order to create information, material and cultural benefits. The introduction of automated methods of information processing significantly reduces the share of routine manual labor and promotes the creation of automated jobs. All this is aimed at raising the prestige of the work of library staff, ensuring the growth of their scientific, professional and cultural level, making their work attractive and creative.
In organizing the work of the library of the university, the slogan "Qualified personnel decide everything" is more relevant today than ever. Thus, one of the most important, and perhaps the most important issue in the activities of the library is the work with personnel, their selection, placement, organization and management, education, and advanced training. The solution of all others depends on the qualitative solution of this problem. The effectiveness of the work of structural divisions and the library as a whole depends on this.
leftist principle of service, organized a collective loan for the issuance of books to organizations that do not have their own libraries. The development of science and technology inevitably led to the emergence of new ways of transmitting information and delivering documents through the IBA. Various types of communication were used (postal, telegraph, telephone, facsimile), transport, copiers, etc.
In 1996 at the Institute scientific information in Social Sciences (INION) RAS developed an information technology that made it possible to meet the information needs of users with electronic copies of articles from domestic and foreign publications. The technology of electronic document delivery (EDD) appeared, which was gradually mastered by many libraries in Russia. Later, a distributed corporate EDD system "Sigla" was created, which united regional corporate library systems that fulfill orders for EDD, taking into account the copyright conditions laid down in legislative acts. Russian Federation 13 .
International Interlibrary Loan (IMBA) exists in large libraries in different countries, their activities are regulated by the Code of Rules for International Interlibrary Loan developed by IFLA.
11.3 Organization of library services
in the reading rooms
The generic function of the library - serving readers - was originally implemented in the reading room, and still exists. The classic view of the reading room (spacious, bright, with high ceilings, decorated with busts of philosophers and poets) has been preserved for a long time. Such halls were distributed in many well-known libraries: the Library of Congress (USA), the Russian State Library, the Russian national library, Library of the Academy of Sciences and many others.
The reading room is a specially equipped room in which the most complete library service for users is carried out. Comfortable conditions have been created for readers, a special atmosphere in which there is a psychological "contagion effect" that contributes to the productive work of the reader.
13 Since 2008, the provisions of Part IV of the “Civil Code of the Russian Federation” [Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Part IV. -
Sobr. Russian legislation. - 2006. - No. 52, art. 5496. - S. 14803-14949].
Main types of reading rooms
There are common and specialized reading rooms. The common reading room is typical for small libraries, as
V it serves all users, and its fund includes all kinds and types of publications that the library completes. In large libraries, there is a system of specialized reading rooms, organized depending on:
· categories of users (for students, teachers, junior schoolchildren, youth, etc.);
· branches of knowledge (technical literature, social sciences, legal publications, etc.);
· type of publications (hall of periodicals, dissertations, regulatory and technical publications, patent descriptions, rare books, etc.). Besides,
V such especially large libraries as the Russian State Library, the Library of the Academy of Sciences, the State Public scientific and technical library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and some others, there are halls of new arrivals.
library service in the reading room is carried out by registered reader's cards, the same for the subscription and other departments of the library. In many foreign countries (for example, in Finland, Denmark), users present a library card that is common for all libraries in the city, in other countries - a social card (according to
which you can also rent a car, buy an air ticket, etc.), and in Japan, the user's palm .
The mode of operation of the reading rooms differs from the work of others - from business to a longer duration, and in many foreign libraries, for example, university ones, during the session, the reading rooms are open until 2–4 o'clock in the morning.
Large libraries have an extensive network of specialized reading rooms, organized depending on the contingent of library readers and on the type and branch of knowledge of documents, as well as a hall of new arrivals, where the reader can quickly get acquainted
With new editions purchased by the library.
IN In recent decades, with the development of information technology, the structure of stationary library services has become more complicated: electronic reading rooms are being organized, Internet classes, Business Information Centers, etc. An electronic reading room is a room in which users work with electronic media or on the Internet on library computers or personal laptops. Electronic reading rooms are often identified with virtual ones. However, there are differences between them
The difference lies in the fact that the virtual room is available to any user in any place where Internet access is provided, since this "room" does not have a physical embodiment, unlike the electronic reading room of a particular library. Expansion but-
The range of services offered increases the level of comfort (providing readers with the opportunity to work on laptops, “download” information from databases to their disk, scan documents, etc.).
11.4 Non-book media library service units
The library services department includes such subdivisions
library as media library, art library, dia library, video library.
The term media library has French roots and is defined as a library specializing in non-book media. The media library is a public information, educational and cultural center organized for the purpose of continuous education, personal development throughout life and satisfaction of its needs related to general self-education and study. Studying in the media library, users acquire knowledge, skills and abilities to work with non-book media, master computer and video culture, the formation of which takes into account the psycho-physiological features of acoustic and figurative-verbal perception.
The nomenclature of information products of the media library consists of the following services: issuance of documents on various media; listening and playing; conducting cultural programs; organization of exhibitions; watching movies, videos and TV programs; recording information on various media; copying documents; training in working with computer, video, audio, laser equipment and training in new technologies; rental of equipment, apparatus, information carriers, etc. The organization of a media library requires a special room, furniture, equipment to create jobs.
The components of the media library are art library, dia library, video library. Artoteka is a collection of reproductions of paintings, as a means of service contributes to solving the problems of the spiritual and aesthetic development of a person. Diatheca is a collection of slides and filmstrips. The video library is a collection of various films on CD. Specific collections of these departments of the library
require certain conditions of organization and storage. Most large and small (for example, school) Russian and foreign libraries have media libraries. In France, Germany and other European countries, as well as in the USA, media libraries exist both as departments of libraries and as independent institutions, for example, the Stuttgart Media Library or the Media Library. J.-P. Melville in Paris.
Seminar session
Topic: "The evolution of the forms of organization of the subscription at different stages of public attitude to the problems of the development of the library industry."
1. The history of the appearance of the subscription in the world library practice.
2. Subscription types (general, functional, group, branch, open access), their definitions.
3. The problem of differentiated service on an individual and collective (family and brigade) subscription.
4. The evolution of the forms of organization of the subscription at different stages of public attitude to the problems of the development of the library industry.
5. Methods of working with "debtors" used by libraries.
6. When and where was the MBA form used for the first time as an interlibrary loan / receipt of publications on time?
7. Principles of the MBA system in Russia.
8. Features of library services on correspondence, interlibrary and international subscriptions.
9. Electronic document delivery technology (EDD). In what year and by whom in Russia was it developed?
10. The conditions laid down in the legislative acts of the Russian Federation, according to the EDD.
Practical lesson
Topic: "Organization of the work of various types of subscription." Exercise
I. Visit various types of subscription and study their work (reading room, subscription for issuing documents at home, MBA, etc.).
II. Identify and talk about the differences in the technology of subscriptions.
12 Non-residential forms of library service
Along with stationary library services, there is non-stationary, that is, serving readers outside the walls of the library. This type The library service plays an important social role in providing basic library services to those who, for whatever reason, cannot visit the library. Traditional forms of non-stationary library service
The main sources of interest are book lending points, mobile libraries, including bibliobuses and book peddling.
Library points
Points for issuing documents are organized in populated areas where there is no stationary library, and can also be temporarily opened at enterprises, dormitories, city parks, summer camps for children, etc. When organizing a point, the corresponding institution enters into an agreement with a stationary library, which transfers to the point of issue of the publication, periodically updating them. The thematic and specific composition of the fund is formed depending on the needs of the actual and potential users of the point, who are served by the full-time librarian of the stationary library.
Mobile libraries
This name was given to sets of books issued by a stationary library, which, after reading by readers in one locality transferred to another. Mobile libraries became widespread in the early years of Soviet power, since with their help the decisions of the party and government were communicated to the population. In addition, in the 1920s mobile libraries served the troops of the Red Army, and later - during the Great Patriotic War - the Soviet Army, constantly changing their places of deployment.
Currently, mobile libraries are also relevant, as they contribute to the promotion of reading in the non-reading segments of the population:
for example, serving the peoples of the North, leading a nomadic lifestyle, etc. Abroad, mobile libraries serve nursing homes and disabled people, prisons, and hospitals.
Movable forms of non-stationary library service: bibliobuses, book peddling
The most common form of mobile library these days is the bibliobus. A bibliobus is a bus specially equipped for a mobile library, in which, in addition to various types of documents, there are computers and electronic media. In addition to traditional service, bibliobus employees organize meetings with writers, actors, conduct reference and even research work to study the needs of their users. The route, stop times, and operating hours of the bibliobus are determined by the stationary library in agreement with the local authorities. The technology of service in a library bus is no different from service in a stationary library. Bibliobuses are actively used in many countries with large or sparsely populated territories: USA, Argentina, Australia, Greece, Great Britain.
Bookshopping – delivering books to a user's home – is a traditional form of outpatient service that can be organized by the smallest library. This form of library service is used for the disabled and the elderly, and is most widely used in foreign practice. Bibliography contributes to the preservation of the number of library users, and also plays a humane role, helping the elderly and infirm people to maintain social bonds realized through reading and communication.
The American Library Association adopted a document: "The Responsibility of Libraries to the Elderly" (1964), one of the main provisions of which is the obligation of libraries to provide library services in forms that meet the needs of the elderly, including the disabled or those in appropriate social institutions, a similar situation is observed in the libraries of European countries, as well as Canada and Japan.
Seminar session
Topic: "Basic forms of non-stationary library service."
Assignment Prepare presentations on the following topics:
1. The main forms of out-of-stationary library services.
2. Organization of library services with the help of bibliobuses: organization of a bibliobus, development of routes, content of the work of a bibliobus.
3. What is the difference between the service technology in the bibliobus and-Services in the stationary library?
4. The role of bibliobuses in countries with a large territory: from the experience of bibliobuses in Russia and foreign countries (USA, Great Britain, Canada, etc.), competitions for the "best bibliobus".
5. Briefly retell the history of book-selling in Russia 19th–20th centuries
6. The social significance of book-carrying in modern Russia.
7. What is the place of the book-carrying in the library services of foreign countries?
8. Library points for issuing documents (universal, specialized) and features of the organization of their work.
9. What is the difference between mobile libraries and document distribution points?
10. Identify the main position of the document: "The Responsibility of Libraries to the Aged", adopted by the American Library Association in 1964.
13 Virtual (electronic) library service
Electronic library as new form library service organizations
The informal date of birth of open digital libraries is considered to be 1971, when the "Project Gutenberg" arose. This year, University of Illinois employee Michael Hart manually entered
V computer "Declaration of Independence" and the US Constitution, the text of the Bible and some other sources related to the category of eternal values. Now this project includes several thousand
works, among which are the most famous works of art, scientific treatises and journalistic works14.
IN In Russia, a new evolutionary process called informatization was caused by the introduction of computers and modern means of processing and transmitting information in In the mid-1990s, the synthesis of automation and telecommunications turned out to be especially fruitful.
In the global information space, remote access technologies via the Internet, the date of which is considered to be 1983, began to occupy an increasing place. Most libraries and information centers in Russia have connected to the Internet
V 1996, simultaneously began to be createddigital libraries. The concept of "electronic library" in Russia appeared in the late 1980s, but there is still no precise definition, including the distinction between the terms "digital", "virtual", "electronic" library.
Similar discrepancies exist abroad, since such terms as "digital library", "virtual library", "electronic library" are used to designate collections of electronic documents.
The term "electronic library" is the most used in the professional environment, but it refers to various objects, including:
a distributed information system that allows you to reliably connect
store and effectively use heterogeneous collections of electronic
14 http://www.gutenberg.org
documents (text, graphics, audio, video, etc.) available in a user-friendly form via global data transmission networks;
· information retrieval an environment that provides the user with effective access to a complex of information arrays;
· organization by providers of access to certain arrays of homogeneous or heterogeneous information;
· a set of information resources organized according to the library principle;
· independent system of electronic information resources,
anytime and anywhere, that is, a worldwide decentralized virtual library;
· fund of electronic documents, organized and equipped in a special way reference and search apparatus;
· e-book library (available for reading with special devices).
All the listed definitions of the digital library do not reflect the physical forms and its specific models, therefore A. B. Antopolsky and T. V. Maistrovich define the digital library as information system, which includes an ordered fund of electronic documents generated in accordance with the specified
criteria and intended for public use, and a set of software and technological tools that implement the functions of creating, using and storing this fund.
The defining criteria of the electronic library also include: the location of its collection (specific address), the existence of an acquisition policy; organized system of metadata. An electronic library can be local or network, which is not decisive for the methodology of its organization. Depending on the way to create electronic libraries are divided into:
– generated (when electronic documents are created by the fund holders themselves);
– aggregated (from existing electronic documents or entire collections);
– mixed (consisting of borrowed and self-prepared electronic documents).
According to the composition of documents electronic libraries are divided into mono-species and multi-species, depending on the symbolic nature of the stored information (only text, multimedia, etc.).
For the intended purpose electronic libraries are classified as follows:
– memorial, created in order to cumulate documents about a person or event;
– scientific, designed for in-depth study of the topic (subject) by scientists and specialists of a high level of preparedness;
- educational (educational-methodical), focused on supporting education;
– reference, created by the type of a universal encyclopedia to obtain the necessary brief information on all branches of knowledge;
– educational, having popular science nature and intended for comprehensive coverage of the topic (subject) at the general educational level;
– without a specific purpose.
There is a typology of digital libraries, which is based on a set of twelve features: creators, legitimacy (created in compliance with Part IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation), method of creation, composition of the fund, principle of fund formation, search capabilities, organization (independent, built-in or integrated), intended purpose , copying, method of organization (according to the library or "non-library" type), type of access, characteristics of texts. From the point of view of the possibilities of application in information activities, electronic libraries are divided into free electronic
throne collections of texts and commercial full-text databases.
Currently, there are a huge number of free electronic libraries on the Internet. An extensive list of them is contained in the section " Digital Libraries» handbook «Aport»15 . Among the largest and most authoritative collections, there are
there is a Library of Maxim Moshkov, which includes many tens of thousands of a wide variety of works, from serious novels to detective stories, technical documentation and works of literary amateurs. Widely known are electronic libraries hosted on sites with characteristic domain names:
ka.ru, Proza.ru, Bestbooks.ru and many others.
Electronic libraries have significantly expanded the range of library services and provided users with unprecedented
15 http://Сatalog.aport.ru/rus/themes.asp?id=2107&r=0
16 http://www.lib.ru
Introduction
Chapter I. Library Services for Readers in Scientific Library Moscow State University. M. V. Lomonosov. 16
1.1. Library of Moscow University: formation and organization of library services.
1.2. Prominent figures of the library of Moscow University: theoretical concepts of serving readers (D.V. Savich, I.G. Reichel, Kh.A. Chebotarev, I.T. Bule, F.F. Reiss) . 34
1.3. Library of Moscow University in the XIX - early XX centuries. 48
1.4. Public library. 59
Chapter II. Theoretical, methodological and practical issues of library services . 81
2.1. Modernization of the main directions of library services in the Scientific Library of Moscow State University in the late XX - early XXI centuries. 81
2.2. Peculiarities of library services in NL MGU depending on the typology of readers. 128
Conclusion. 138
Bibliographic list of used literature. 143
List of abbreviations. 170
Applications. 172
Introduction to work
The relevance of research. Library services provided by the Scientific Library (NL) of Moscow State University are characterized by significant content and structural changes, the analysis of which is one of critical tasks in the research system dedicated to the country's leading university library and one of the largest libraries in the world. In order to understand the changes in the activities of the library, to reveal the main tasks, goals and forms of servicing readers at the National Library of Moscow State University, it is necessary, first of all, to master the historical experience that has a tangible impact on the modern university library, determining the main directions of its activities, including servicing readers.
The first (also important) factor is that libraries in many countries of the world, including Russia, entered a new historical stage of their development at the turn of the century. In the context of revolutionary changes in information sphere extensive computerization of library processes is carried out on the basis of the introduction of computer technology and telecommunications.
Thanks to the development of new information technologies and changes not only in the form of providing information, but also in access to it, the structure and many traditional ways of library work are being transformed, new forms of library services are emerging, as well as new requirements for the functions they perform.
The second factor is the ongoing reforms in the system of higher education and university education. Their goals are formulated in the following paradigms of university education developed in Russian literature:
> cultural and value paradigm that orients students towards
multilateral knowledge of the world based on the development of values
world culture;
an academic paradigm that focuses on a systematic and in-depth study of the fundamental foundations of various scientific disciplines with the inclusion of a student in the process of scientific research. Within the framework of this paradigm, a creative approach to the study of scientific disciplines and in conducting research is recognized as a priority, so that students can fully realize themselves as creative individuals;
humanistic paradigm, the dominant idea of which is organic compound natural science and humanistic components of education. This idea receives its practical implementation in the creation of new faculties of a humanitarian orientation, specialties, the qualitative modernization of educational programs, and in the growth in the number of students in the humanities. Active participation of university and university librarians
in the practical implementation of these paradigms is one of the main tasks of information and library support of the educational process in a modern university.
The third factor is related to the development of the very category of "library service" under the influence of the emergence and consolidation of new trends in the practice of libraries.
Currently, there are two alternative models of library service - the traditional ("vertical") and the new model ("horizontal"). Within the framework of the traditional model, which has been modernized in recent years, library service is understood mainly as a linear, predominantly one-way process of communication between the librarian and the reader.
However, this model does not fully correspond to the tasks of information and library support in a modern university: on its basis it is impossible to adequately fulfill the requirements arising from the cultural-value and academic paradigms of higher education.
To implement these requirements, the horizontal model of library service is more suitable (Aizenberg A.Ya., Vaneev N.A., Dobrynina N.E., Shaposhnikov A.E., etc.). It is characterized by a different service strategy. This model is based on humanistic positions of a universal nature. Here the interaction between the librarian and the reader is mutual, equal in rights; library service is understood as an activity to meet the urgent information needs of a person and ensure a comprehensive improvement in all areas of its activity.
The relevance of this study is due to the fact that, without taking into account the experience gained by our ancestors, we cannot move forward along the path of modernizing library services.
Thus, the absence of a generalizing study of the evolution of the activities of the National Library of Moscow State University in the field of reader service determined the relevance of this dissertation research.
The degree of scientific development of the research problem. A special generalizing theoretical study within the designated chronological framework and content boundaries, as well as the stated goal and objectives, was not carried out.
The history of the creation and development of the scientific library of Moscow State University and the issues of servicing its readers were thoroughly and systematically covered in the works of N.A. Penchko "Library of the Moscow University from the foundation to 1812", V.V. Sorokin "History of the Moscow University Library (1800 - 1917)", E. I. Lesokhina, A. M. Kharkov "History of the Library of Moscow University" (1917 - 1949).
These studies analyze and summarize significant material that sheds light on the organizational period in the history of Moscow University and its library, the formation of book collections, examines in detail the activities of university librarians in different historical periods of its development, including
improvement of the library service system. F.F. Reiss, who carried out a number of outstanding projects that put the library of Moscow University among the exemplary among European libraries. Library creativity F.F. Reiss is devoted to the monograph by Yu.V. Grigoriev “F.F. Reiss (1778 - 1852). Essay on life and work.
Specific aspects of the activities of the National Library of Moscow State University as an integral historically formed and established organism (the history of the development of the library in the Soviet period, structural changes in the library, issues of library and bibliographic support of the educational and scientific process at the university, the quality of library services as a complex category, etc.) are analyzed in the works V. Butenko, I.L. Velikodnaya, A.I. Kudryavtseva, A.F. Panza, A.P. Polyusuk, L.O. Shikhmuradova. From 1950 to 1991 inclusive, special issues were published under the general title “Experience of the Scientific Library of Moscow State University”, which also covered the development and improvement of the system of library services for readers (various forms of providing research work for students (organization of library and bibliographic classes, methods of disclosure and promotion of scientific funds, etc.), the role of the IBA and international book exchange in library services for the university reader and
Issues of evolution in the service of readers in the libraries of universities and universities have traditionally been included in the range of general problems of library service to readers. However, library services at universities and universities are characterized by a number of specific features compared to serving readers in both public and other scientific libraries.
In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of works specifically dedicated to research various aspects of the activities of libraries, library and information and bibliographic services in the system of higher educational institutions, as well as various research institutes (Anurina T.M., Basias D.Ya., Bukovshina T.I., Dergileva T.V., Emelyanova N.A., Zborovskaya SV., Kirchik V.C., Koryakovtseva N.A., Makarova T.K., Nikiforova F.N., Parshukova G.V., Slashcheva N.A., Smirnova L.V., Soloshenko N.S., etc.).
At the center of many modern studies of high school, university and scientific and technical libraries and the services they provide to readers is a wide range of issues related to the introduction of new information technologies into the work of the library and the impact that this process has on the sphere of library services and all aspects of the multifaceted library activity. (Anurina T.M., Bukovshina T.I.).
Mastering the NIT, these libraries contribute to familiarizing users with working in a new information mode and at the same time include them in the system. public relations based on intensive communicative interaction (Anurina T.M., Eliseeva E.N., Slashcheva N.A., Zbarovskaya SV., Kirpicheva I.K., Koryakovtseva N.A.). The solution to this problem involves the development of the information market and its careful study in order to learn how to correctly assess the quality of the information services provided.
In the last decade, in many countries of the world, there has been a broad discussion on the introduction of new information technologies in libraries (including libraries of universities and universities), in the system of library services and, in this regard, increasing the information culture of users.
Many works of domestic and foreign researchers consider the creation and use of global electronic communications systems that unite hundreds and thousands of large and small regional networks around the world, which opens up opportunities
obtaining relevant full-text information from anywhere in the world.
Actively introducing NIT in the field of information and library
services, many modern universities and universities are moving towards a practical solution to this problem.
In this situation, the role and functional image of a librarian change in modern world. This topic is the subject of special discussions at many conferences, including those with the participation of foreign librarians. The librarian is considered in the context of an information researcher, administrator, intermediary between the user and information resources (D.Addo, M.Opena, etc.).
According to the Japanese librarian M. Katogi, the main postulate of modern library services is the creation of a system that allows any person to receive domestic and foreign documents and bibliographic information about them at any time and in any place.
All of the above characteristics of the problem of the activity of higher and university libraries, considered in the aspect of library services, are also characteristic of the National Library of Moscow State University. At the same time, the reader service system that has developed in the library is characterized by its own specific features.
The issues of computerization of university libraries on the basis of a special study of this process in the National Library of Moscow State University are systematically presented by A.I. Vislym and V.V. Mosyagin in a series of articles under the general title "Library Computerization".
At the same time, a number of issues of servicing the readers of the National Library of Moscow State University need further development. These are, first of all, such problems as: the typology of readers of the National Library of Moscow State University; development and improvement of library services, its forms and methods in historical retrospective and in
modern conditions on the basis of identifying and resolving innovative technologies emerging in these processes.
Object of study: National Library of Moscow State University as an integral system.
Subject of study: reader service system of NB MGU, its historical retrospective, theoretical, methodological, methodological and practical issues of development and improvement.
Chronologically, the subject of the study covers the entire historical path of development of the Scientific Library of Moscow University, studied mainly in the aspect of library services to readers.
A concrete and detailed consideration of this path and, consequently, understanding and development of the subject of research presupposes a periodization of the history of the National Library of Moscow State University, justified by historical facts. Periodization is necessary and important in the context of this study With from the point of view that it allows us to consider library services in various specific historical conditions, to better understand both common and distinctive specific moments in its historical development, and also to trace the trends of this development.
Purpose of the study is to disclose characteristic features, features and trends of library services throughout the entire historical period of the development of the university library; characterization of forms and methods, technologies of library services, ways of their improvement through the analysis of library processes.
The main objectives of the study:
Reconstruction of the history of the formation and development of the reader service system at the National Library of Moscow State University.
Determination of the chronological boundaries of the periodization of the historical path of development of the National Library of Moscow State University.
Analysis of the library services of the National Library of Moscow State University at the present stage of development.
4. Comprehension of the ways of modernizing the main directions of the library service of the National Library of Moscow State University at the present stage (late XX - early XXI centuries) depending on the categories of readers.
Methodological and theoretical basis studies are library science concepts developed by famous Russian library scientists:
The concept outlining the ways of integrating librarianship and the education system in the context of the development of NIT (T.M. Anurina, T.I. Bukovshina, N.V. Zhadko, V.S. Kirchik, N.A. Koryakovtseva).
The concept of a "horizontal" model of library services as an activity to meet the information needs of a person in the conditions of fruitful and effective cooperation between the librarian and the reader, which is established and maintained practical application principles of library pedagogy (Aizenberg A.Ya., Vaneev N.A., Dobrynina N.E., Shaposhnikov A.E. and others)
A holistic view of the history of the formation and development of the National Library of Moscow State University (N.A. Penchko, V.V. Sorokin, E.I. Lesokhina, A.M. Kharkova, etc.). Scientific works on the study of the educational function of libraries, the transformation of the role of libraries from a repository to an educational institution were also important for the choice and development of the topic of a dissertation research.
The concept of the library as an integral system (M.Ya. Dvorkina, Yu.N. Stolyarov and others).
Research methods. The dissertation research was carried out on the basis of a set of methods, including both general scientific (interdisciplinary) and specific library science and pedagogical methods: system method, historical and logical methods (ascent from the general to the particular, from the abstract to the concrete), the dialectical method of identifying objective contradictions, the search and practical implementation of ways and means of resolving them, the method
comparative analysis, analysis of planning and reporting documentation, statistical analysis of materials and documents of the library.
The dissertation is also based on the results of a sociological study using methods: questionnaires, oral surveys, scientific observation, studying the reviews of librarians about the conditions and problems of their professional activities.
Experimental research base- came NB
Moscow State University, Library and Information Institute of Moscow
State University of Culture and Arts.
The main stages of the study:
stage (1997 - 2000) - problem-search. Its main goal is the collection, accumulation, study and theoretical analysis of materials on the issues of development and improvement of library services provided by university and university libraries, first of all, NL MSU in different historical periods of its activity.
stage (2000 - 2002) - experimental- the goal is experimental verification and substantiation of the results obtained in the practice of the work of the National Library of Moscow State University, as well as in the process of lecturing and conducting seminars with students of the Library and Information Institute of MSUKI.
stage (2002 - 2003) - final- consisted in summing up, analyzing, summarizing the results of the work carried out, discussing them with specialists in the field of library science, pedagogy, psychology, computer science and developing the final model (concept) of history and state of the art servicing readers of NB MGU, ways and methods of its improvement, optimization of forms and methods of service.
Scientific novelty of the research. The dissertation substantiates for the first time a four-stage periodization of the historical path of development of the NL MSU, which defines the general framework for the dissertation research of library services, making it possible to single out both similar and distinctive features that manifest themselves at different stages of development.
The activities of the National Library of Moscow State University in the aspect of library services for its readers in the scope and historical sequence of the main stages of library development are studied. The links between the stages and, in general, the dialectic of the historical development of the library service system at the National Library of Moscow State University are revealed in the analysis of the growth processes of this system, which made it possible to implement a unified approach to the study of the stated topic, to conduct a unified view of the state and development of library service in different historical conditions of the existence of the library.
The typology of readers of NB MGU is studied, a concept is proposed that distinguishes 3 levels in the typology with features characteristic of each level. It is based on the distinction between general type-forming features characteristic of all reader categories, special (specific) type-forming features characteristic of the categories of readers of the National Library of Moscow State University, and single (individual psychological) features.
General type-forming features are: the type of labor activity, closely related to its goals and objectives, and the subject of activity.
Special (specific) features are typical for categories of readers exclusively for NB MGU. The types of activities are specified in terms of the specifics of teaching and teaching at Moscow State University.
In single signs, individual psychological characteristics of specific readers of different categories are expressed.
In the process of analyzing the forms and methods of library services at the National Library of Moscow State University, it is shown that it is focused on providing conditions for the implementation of a creative approach in the educational and scientific activities of students (in accordance with the academic paradigm of university education).
Analyzing the problems of library services (lack of new, especially educational literature; insufficient level of library and bibliographic knowledge and general information culture of students, mainly junior students, as well as some of the graduate students of the first year of study; refusals and reader debt, etc.), the dissertation outlined and substantiated specific ways to address them.
Theoretical significance of the study thing is
A model of the historical development of the reader service system of the National Library of Moscow State University has been developed, within which the dialectics of this development, the main forms and directions of library services in different historical periods of the library's activity are revealed.
In a generalized form, the content of the most important modern domestic and foreign sources of information on topical issues of the development of scientific libraries and library services in modern conditions is revealed. The results of domestic research on the history and current state of library services at the National Library of Moscow State University are comprehended and analyzed.
Provisions are formulated on ways to improve the system of servicing readers of the National Library of Moscow State University, which have substantive and methodological significance both for practical work university and university libraries, and for further theoretical research on library services for readers.
Practical significance of the obtained results. Theoretical and practical implications and the provisions put forward and substantiated in the dissertation are used in the practice of the work of the National Library of Moscow State University, in the system of advanced training of librarians: in professional studies at courses and seminars for librarians. Research materials can serve as the basis vocational training library professionals to be used in the Library Services course,
which is read for students of the Library and Information Institute of MGUKI.
Reliabilityresultsresearch secured
using an adequate methodology of scientific research, using scientifically and practically tested methods, as well as analyzing planning and reporting documentation And statistical analysis of materials and documents of the library, the similarity of the main results of the study with the most general theoretical and methodological provisions of library science, psychology and pedagogy high school, the correspondence of the obtained theoretical results to modern trends in the development of library services.
Testing and implementation of research results was carried out in the process of their use in the practice of the work of the National Library of Moscow State University, in particular, when planning library events, drawing up work plans for the library of the 2nd humanitarian building of Moscow State University. The dissertation student read a course of lectures on the problems of servicing readers and conducted seminars with students of the Library and Information Institute of the Moscow State University of Culture and Arts. Under the guidance of a dissertation student, MGUKI students had an internship at NBMGU.
The main provisions of the dissertation are reflected in the 9th publications on the topic of the dissertation. The results of the study were reported at 4 international scientific conferences and an all-Russian scientific conference.
The main provisions of the dissertation submitted for defense: 1. A periodization of the historical path of the National Library of Moscow State University has been developed. Stages have been identified: Stage 1 - from the moment the library was founded in 1756 until 1812;
2nd stage - covers the period from 1813 to 1917,
characterized by the revival of the library and its transformation into one of the
the largest and exemplary libraries not only in Russia, but also in Europe.
3rd stage - since 1918. and until the end of the 80s. last century, a period in which
new foundations for library management and organization of its entire
versatile activities.
4th stage - the end of the 80s - the beginning of the 90s, is characterized by a complex
computerization of library processes based on the introduction of tools
computer technology and telecommunications.
On the basis of the periodization of the historical path of development of the National Library of Moscow State University carried out in the dissertation, both general and distinctive features library service, its continuity in various historical conditions, processes of differentiation and integration.
Improving and optimizing the forms and methods of library services acts as a process of constant search and practical implementation of ways and means that arise in this area of library activity at different historical stages of library development.
The readership of the NL MGU can be divided into three levels and their corresponding features: general, special (specific, typical for the conditions of MSU) and individual. Taking into account these features, the forms and methods of library services in the university environment are concretized.
The structure of the dissertation is determined by the logic of the study, the goals and objectives set and includes an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a bibliographic list of references, a list of abbreviations and appendices.
Prominent figures of the library of Moscow University: theoretical concepts of servicing readers (D.V. Savich, I.G. Reichel, Kh.A. Chebotarev, I.T. Bule, F.F. Reiss)
One of the first employees of the library was Daniil Vasilievich Savich, who was educated at the University of Wittenberg and had a master's degree in philosophy and liberal sciences.
Savić essentially did all the day-to-day work in the library by himself. This is indicated by the order of the curator Veselovsky; “Master Danilo Savich is now in the position of sub-librarian at the university library, and with him for help and so that during his illness, who could manage and look after the library, no one has been determined ...” (103,200).
However, Savich did not receive the post of librarian. Such a title in the university library could only be awarded to a professor. Savich did not have this title, so he served as a sub-librarian (ie, deputy librarian). Savich's historical merit to the university library is that he compiled its first catalog, in which he presented a complete list of books available in the library. In fact, it was the first cornerstone that laid the foundation for the system of library services for the university reader.
After the transfer of Savich to Kazan, the Council decided to transfer the management of the library to a permanent librarian from professors. Master I.G. Reichel, who had the title of professor, became them. He was assigned assistants from among the most capable students, called kustos, that is, guardians. They did all the daily work in the library, and also did translations for the Academic Council of the university and the chancellery. Documents for the office were written in French or Latin, and for the Academic Council all Russian documents were translated into Latin, since most of the professors were foreigners. The first custos was student Nikolai Danilevsky. Also, student Ivan Kalinovsky, a specialist in the field of metallurgical chemistry and mining, worked in the library, and at the gymnasium he taught Latin and German languages engaged in translations.
On January 11, 1765, Khariton Andreevich Chebotarev, a favorite student of I.G. Reichel and his future successor, was appointed to the post of custos. In his person, the library received a diligent and knowledgeable custodian and collector of its funds.
For recognized services in librarianship Kh.A. Chebotarev was awarded the title of sub-librarian (1775), and after the death of I.G. Reichel (1778) he received the title of professor and took the position of librarian. Under him, the library funds were replenished with a number of manuals on Russian history and geography, necessary for students of the university gymnasium.
Kh.A. Chebotarev is known as a great scientist and an excellent lecturer. Along with this, he developed issues of library services and promoted library knowledge: how to choose books for self-education; about the skills of working with the book; how to study the book in order to get the most out of it; how to take notes while reading a book, etc.
Having moved to the position of the first rector of Moscow University (1804), H.A. Chebotarev left his work in the library. He is replaced as an assistant librarian by Nikifor Evtropievich Cherepanov, professor of world history, statistics and geography. Soon, the trustee of Moscow University M.N. Muravyov invites two scientists - professor of natural law and the theory of fine arts, a connoisseur of classical antiquity I. T. Bule and professor, doctor of chemistry F.F. Reiss. Both scientists were well acquainted with librarianship in Göttingen and, knowing this, M.N. Muravyov instructs them to draw up a project to improve the work of the university library. Designed by I.T. Boulet "Project" actually laid the foundation for the entire subsequent organization of library services for readers and librarianship in general at the university.
He paid special attention to the organization of library catalogs. Their imperfection, expressed primarily in weak systematization, had a negative impact on library services: it reduced its efficiency and completeness, and acted as the main obstacle to the formation of a library service system. During this period, only a topographic catalog existed in the library. Books were arranged according to their size, the alphabet was not respected during the arrangement. I.T. Boulet, in his “Project”, substantiated the need to create two catalogs in the library: alphabetical - “to facilitate and ensure the finding of a book”, and systematic (real) - “for a quick overview of what is available and what is missing in each department, as well as in order to to be able to take care of the completeness of the library" (179, 146-147).
Without solving these two problems, it is impossible to implement measures to improve library services at the university.
According to the "Project" I.T. The boolean alphabetical catalog should be as follows: for each letter of the Russian alphabet, a volume consisting of sheets of “blank paper” is assigned. “Books are entered in each volume by the names of the authors, in alphabetical order. One or more sheets are intended for each author. If one volume was not enough for the letter, then “the binding was untied, white paper was inserted between the written sheets, and two volumes were assigned to the letter, etc. Thus, it is possible to expand the alphabetical catalog to infinity, and there is no need for a new one” (179, 146-147).
I.T. Bule compiled instructions on how exactly to describe the book in catalog sheets: “... the full name of the author is put on the top of the sheet, under it is the title of the book; 4 columns on the side: one indicates the scientific department to which the book is referred or the place of its storage; in the second format of the book; in the third a specific book number; in the fourth, for example, D indicates that the book belongs to the Demidov library, where it is required to look for it ”(179, 146-147).
For the systematic (real) catalog of I.T. Boulet proposed that "as many volumes as would be accepted scientific departments. Each volume contains the available books of the corresponding department. The expansion of the catalog is done in the same way as the alphabetical one” (179,146-147).
I.T. Boulet forms the following important elements of library service: "each book... to be stamped on the back title page. An unbound and unstamped book may not be issued; carefully maintain a register of issued and returned books; to create a fund of reference literature, publications from which should not be issued to the house “to anyone and never” (they could only be used in the library itself; these are Logic and books that serve scientists for reference, for example, Bayle's dictionary, big encyclopedia); to limit the period of use of hand-delivered literature: "No one has the right to keep a book for more than four weeks" (179, 148). If the reader still needs it, then he must extend the period of use of it, and if "whoever loses or spoils the book must replace it" (179, 148).
public library
Significant structural and qualitative changes took place in the university library and in the organization of reader services in the first post-revolutionary decades. In July 1918, at the first State Library Conference, a decision was made to create a library reference bureau, and an interlibrary loan was also introduced between the libraries of Moscow and Petrograd.
On September 22, 1919, a congress on the reform of academic (university) libraries was opened in the premises of the National Library of Moscow State University. It developed a new charter that established free access for outside readers to libraries of this type. According to the charter, they were included in the number of libraries using interlibrary loan. Also at the congress, new rules for the use of university libraries were developed. These documents made it possible to introduce elements of unity and regularity into the life of libraries of higher educational institutions. However, they had many shortcomings and miscalculations. These include, first of all, proposals on the liquidation of faculty libraries in individual universities, proposals justifying the autonomy of libraries in relation to the university, etc. But, despite the shortcomings mentioned, the charter laid a solid foundation for the further development and improvement of the work of academic libraries and libraries Moscow University.
In the first post-revolutionary decade, on the basis of the documents adopted at the congress, a gradual and very significant event in the structure of library services was carried out. It consisted of the following.
Before the revolution, the library still had a fairly strict academic character and focused primarily on serving the teaching staff (135, 21).
In the new historical conditions, this orientation of library services came into conflict with the orientation towards the general availability of libraries, education and training for the general population, especially young people. The second conference of librarians (December, 1926) pointed out in its decisions the need for a decisive restructuring of their activities, strengthening coordinating ties between libraries, organizing centralized cataloging and compiling unified catalogs, and developing reference and bibliographic services. The organization of research work in the field of library science has become an integral element of library activities. Particular attention was paid to the implementation of the principle of public accessibility of libraries and the development of active forms of book propaganda in the practice of library work.
The rules for using the library adopted in 1923 determined the new composition of its readers. Firstly, the circle of persons who had the right (without any restrictions) to use the library and the subscription was clearly established. These are professors, teachers, members of institutes and employees (not lower than the head of a department) of the university. Secondly, teachers of the workers' faculty, students and other employees of the university had the right to use the subscription under the guarantee.
Thirdly, with the permission of the director of the university, these rights could also be granted to persons outside the university.
The reading room had the right to use all citizens not younger than 16 years old, while it was stipulated that unauthorized persons were allowed if there were empty seats. The norms for issuing books and the terms for using them, as well as the types of literature that were issued only in the reading room, were determined.
According to E.I. Lesokhina and A.M. Kharkova, “all issues related to the work of the library and its management were resolved in numerous instances, almost without the participation of direct supervisors. The supreme governing body of the library - the library commission, which included representatives from the faculties and as an ordinary member - the librarian (that was the name of the director before the revolution and in the first years after it), was supposed to mainly manage the acquisition of the library and determine its entire policy. But the commission was inactive” (135, 21). "The director of the library had minimal rights and all library affairs were decided in the complex system of the university hierarchy" (149, 665).
The new charter gave clear guidelines for library management. The creation of two governing bodies was envisaged - the Library Council, or committee, and the Library Commission. The library was given considerable independence: the right to independently acquire funds, dispose of in cash and recruit staff. The organization of auxiliary libraries was envisaged (seminar, cabinet and other libraries, in the creation of which the differentiation of library services carried out earlier, in the 19th century, was continued). Their relations with the fundamental library were regulated. Seminar libraries were opened at the departments of the university and were intended to serve students.
Improving the library management structure and empowering it with new powers made it possible to constructively address the issues of serving the largest group of readers - student youth.
Modernization of the main directions of library services in the Scientific Library of Moscow State University in the late XX - early XXI centuries.
The National Library of Moscow State University is at the beginning of the XXI century the largest library among the libraries of educational institutions in Russia. The library fund has 8.5 million copies. literature, including 2 million foreign publications. Readers are served (there were 65,000 in 2002) in 60 reading rooms with 3,300 seats and 20 subscriptions.
According to the Charter of Moscow State University (adopted in 1998), the work of the university library is aimed at ensuring the educational and scientific activities of Moscow State University. The implementation of this task is the basis of the library service of the National Library of Moscow State University.
In accordance with the Charter, the library completes domestic and foreign scientific and educational literature on the profile of MSU activities, collects and stores rare books, manuscripts, archives and private libraries of outstanding figures of Russian science and culture, dissertations defended at MSU, MSU publications.
The National Library of Moscow State University has a branched structure, which was formed as a result of the development of processes of differentiation and centralization at their intersection. During the period under review, the structure of the library underwent the most significant changes over the period from 1986 to 1998. They aimed to create better conditions for the development of a library computer network and optimization on this basis of work with funds for the acquisition, scientific processing, storage and use of information, bibliographic and library services for readers, including the organization of library and information services for the educational and scientific process of new institutes and faculties opened at Moscow State University (sociological , foreign languages and etc.). In the process of computerization of library processes, it became necessary to revise and restructure the entire “book path”, including the stages of ordering a book, buying, accounting, distribution among funds, systematization, cataloging, production of index cards, etc. As a result, a new one was organized (in 1991) Department - Acquisition, which included seven sectors. Central among these sectors is the acquisition and systematization sector. Its main functions are: determining the order for the purchase of literature and entering a detailed bibliographic description in the electronic catalog, which is today an important condition for optimizing library services.
The objective needs of bringing funds closer to the reader and differentiating services in the context of mastering the NIT led to the implementation of fundamental structural changes in the service and book storage departments on Vorobyovy Gory and st. Mokhovaya. New structures were organized: the service department at the fundamental book storage and the service department of the 2nd academic building. The department of book storage in the Main Building of Moscow State University was abolished. The funds of the department were transferred to the branch service departments of the geographical, geological, mechanical and mathematical faculties, as well as the department of subscription of scientific and fiction literature of the natural faculties (accordingly, book storage sectors are organized in their structure). As for the fund of domestic and foreign periodicals on the profile of these faculties, it is assigned to the department of storage of periodicals. The changes also affected the library departments at the SAI, ISAA, at the Center for International Education, at the faculties of journalism and psychology, and in addition, the subscription for workers and employees, the hostel service department (including the subscription in the hostel on Lomonosovsky Prospekt, reading rooms of hostels on Kravchenko St. and Shvernik). All of them, previously included in the structure of other departments, received the status of service departments. Special sectors of information and bibliographic work were organized in the service departments at the faculties: physical, chemical, biological and soil science, as well as in the 1st and 2nd educational buildings. At the faculties: biological and soil science, physical, chemical and journalism, the subscription sector is organized in the service departments. In the relevant departments of the faculties of mechanics and mathematics, psychology, subscriptions to educational literature were allocated. All these measures made it possible to improve the organization and quality of library services during the most difficult period of mass lending and receiving of literature and significantly reduce the time spent by students on these operations.
In 1997, a service department was opened at the faculty fundamental medicine. The Department of Audio Documents, organized in May 1991 (its employees were previously part of the Department of Scientific Information) has a unique collection of tape recordings of conversations-memoirs with figures of Russian science and culture - witnesses and participants in historical events in the first half of the last century.
The structure of the library also includes the Central methodological office for library and bibliographic work of university libraries. Over the past 40 years, the library has been the methodological center of university libraries (first in the USSR, then in Russia).
General organizational structure branched system of NB MSU is presented in Appendix No. 1.
Despite the significant area occupied by the library (17 university buildings with an area of about 30,000 sq.m.), beginning of XXI V. its book fund practically does not fit in the allotted premises. In connection with the celebration of the 250th anniversary of the founding of the university, on July 23, 2002, the Government of Moscow adopted Decree No. 581-PP “On the construction of the fundamental library of the Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov and a residential area on a land plot along Lomonosovsky Prospekt. In accordance with the Decree, in 2005 a new building of the fundamental library was erected on Sparrow Hills behind Lomonosovsky Prospekt.
Features of Library Services at the National Library of Moscow State University Depending on the Types of Readers
The service of readers in the library is differentiated, carried out in accordance with their needs and category, as well as the structure and placement of funds by branches of knowledge in the library service departments.
A specific, differentiated approach to the readership, when the individual characteristics, interests and requests of readers are taken into account as fully as possible, - necessary condition the effectiveness of both library services to readers and the work of the library as a whole.
Primary contacts of the librarian with the readership sharply pose the problem of its differentiation - grouping according to certain characteristics. Individual and mass work, accounting for reader psychology, differentiation of library services - the level of solution of these and a number of other issues, up to the technique of library service, placement and indexing, directly depends on what kind of typology the librarian is guided by, whether it is perceived from scientific literature or formed from his practical experience , whether it is multidimensional or narrow, using 2-3 known features, etc. Methodological work in the library is based on the principles of differentiated service.
The typology of readers is defined as “a scientific classification of readers by common features, which is one of the means of differentiating readers and developing in two main directions:
1) taking into account the structure of readers' interests or reading motives,
2) the degree of reader activity, erudition, etc.” (33.150). Reading and the reader become an object of special research in Russia around the middle of the 19th century, and the identification of proper reading groups begins somewhat later - in the 80s. The first attempts to differentiate readers on certain grounds were made by such scientists as N.A. Korf, A.S. Prugavin, N.A. Rubakin, D.I. Shakhovskaya and others.
In the book of N.A. Rubakin "Etudes on the Russian Reading Public", two groups of readers are distinguished: readers from the privileged ("commanding") classes and the popular reader, who constitutes the vast majority of readers in Russia (207).
Researchers distinguish several periods of studying the structure of readers in the post-revolutionary period of the country's development. If in the 20s two groups of readers were distinguished and studied mainly - workers and peasants, then in the future (60 - 70s) large-scale sociological studies begin to be carried out, during which data on age, educational, professional, demographic and other characteristics of readers are collected and analyzed , united in the corresponding groups and structures. The attention of researchers is focused on studying the circle of reading of workers, peasants, youth, scientific specialists, identifying their reading preferences. In the 1970s and 1980s, the emphasis shifted to identifying and comparing the cultural level of a wider range of readers.
In the era of the scientific and technological revolution, a massive craving for knowledge is spreading in society. Reading becomes the object of research as a form of active leisure for the population, as mass reading. The extreme complexity and controversy of the problem of typology of readers is beginning to be realized due to the variety of factors that must be taken into account, and the difficulties of identifying type-forming ones from them. During this period, various grounds for the typology of readers are proposed.
Yu.M. Tutov proposed to base the classification of readers on the principle of social development of the individual, taking into account demographic characteristics: a gradual transition from a lower stage of socialization to a higher one (childhood, adolescence, early youth, youth, maturity). He saw the main task of the library in "helping the conscious passage of the stage of socialization" (242.40). V.Ya. Onufrieva proposed to consider as type-forming features social characteristics(the profession and position held by the reader (170.30). Yu.S. Zubov brought to the fore the level of cognitive activity that characterizes the stages of "intellectual socialization of the individual" (104, 38). N.S. Kartashov put forward the idea of creating a universal classification, in which is based on a complex of interrelated features that determine the most significant aspects of the reader's personality (112.76).
Under the conditions of the scientific and technological revolution, the attention of a number of researchers is focused on the study of such a group of readers as specialist readers. The typology of this group of readers is based on the labor (production) principle. Based on this principle, such scientists as V.I. Borodina, S.A. Dubinskaya came up with a proposal to consider the nature of labor as a type-forming feature. I.A. Mokhov proposed his own classification, linking creative and production activities specialist.
In the 1990s, research was conducted (both at the regional and national levels) on a comprehensive study of the reader, taking into account the social, demographic, psychological and other characteristics, information needs and value orientations of readers. The principles of consistency and a differentiated approach to the subject of study are highlighted in the foundations of the proposed typologies.
ON THE. Emelyanov, exploring the readership of the MRI GB them. Helmholtz, identified four main types of readers depending on the level of information culture and education.
It is customary to consider reading as a process that is carried out in certain phases: pre-communicative, communicative (directly reading and perception) and post-communicative. Exploring these phases, S. A. Trubnikov singled out in the pre-communicative phase the culture of choosing a work, the structure of motives and attitudes, and the reader's independence. From his point of view, the choice of a work is determined not only by the interests and needs of the individual, but also by the possibilities of choice, the composition of the fund, as well as the reader's free time. In the communicative phase, the culture of perception of literature comes to the fore, which includes the integrity of perception, due to the unity of rational and emotional, discursive and intuitive thinking, and aesthetic orientation (assessment from the position of a beautiful and aesthetic ideal). The post-communicative phase is the phase when the activity of the reader is manifested in the process of comprehending the work. An important feature is the adequacy of the comprehension of the work. All these signs, according to S.A. Trubnikov, must be taken into account when compiling a typology of readers (241, 36 - 38).
Based on the results of these and other studies of reader typology, the dissertation Special attention refers to the main condition for the differentiation of readers, associated with the use of the dialectical principle of the unity of the general, particular and singular. As noted by B.G. Umnov, "the differentiation of readers can be viewed as a process of objective stratification of the reading public, in which the unity of the general, the particular and the individual in the reader's activity is manifested" (33.78).
Collection output:
LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICE FOR UNIVERSITY LIBRARY USERS: MAIN CONTENT OF WORK AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY OF FSBEI HPE "ORYOL STATE UNIVERSITY")
Logacheva Anna Alexandrovna
cand. philol. Sciences, Associate Professor
Orel State University,
Russian Federation, Orel
Svinakova Liliya Sergeevna
4th year student
Orel State University,
RF, G. Eagle
LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES TO USERS OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES: CORE OF THE WORK AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY VPO"OREL STATE UNIVERSITY")
Anna Logacheva
cand. filol. sciences, associate professor,
Orel State University,
Russia, Orel
Lilia Svinakova
4th year student
of Orel State University,
Russia, Orel
ANNOTATION
The study of the features of the library and information services of the university library is currently one of the priority areas of library science and practice, since obtaining ready-made knowledge, educational, scientific, is very important in the formation of a high level of a professional. The purpose of the article is to describe the organization of servicing the user of the university library and determine the prospects for its development.
ABSTRACT
Study of features of Library and Information Service of University Library is currently one of the priorities of library science and practice, as getting ready knowledge, educational, scientific, very important in the formation of high-level professional. Purpose of the article - description of the service organization by the University Library and the definition of its prospects.
Keywords: library and information services; library user; university library; library structure.
keywords: library and information services; library user; university library; structure library.
Library and Information Services is the leading and most important function modern libraries. Having undergone a long evolution of its historical development, library and information services manifest themselves in different forms. It is the service that changes and predetermines the entire work of the library, its direction and quality for all divisions and existing departments. Library service forms its image initially in the eyes of users and in the future it already rises and predetermines its place in society.
Speaking of library services, it is necessary to give this term a precise definition. “Library services are the sum total of the various activities of a library to meet the needs of its users through the provision of library services.”
Based this definition, the goal of library services is to meet the needs of users through the provision of library services. It is known that in domestic library science the methods of library services are developed at a very high level, its goals, principles, content, system are developed, and the theoretical foundations are also well developed. The main principles define the requirements for librarianship: goals, content, methods, personnel, structure. They originate from the level of development of the library.
What do we see today in the university library? In our opinion, the definition given above is quite broad, including a variety of services: individual, group, mass service, work with electronic resources etc. The library does not always provide such a wide range of services, which is due to its type, direction of activity, volume of funds and the degree of development of the material and technical base.
Our scientific interests are focused on the consideration of library and information services for the university library. As an example, we use the university library of the Oryol State University. The university library has not only a rich history, but also a solid material base. Considering the work of this library, it should be noted that at present it is not the amount of the fund that determines the quality of library services, but the most developed service of information and library services. For its broadest development, the library has increased its funds, given that in the modern world, development is gaining momentum more and more. electronic media. But this does not mean that the university library focuses only on increasing electronic information. A modern user of the library of the Oryol State University has a wide choice of the type of information.
It should be noted that the university library has a fairly branched structure. It is represented by various departments, whose activities are focused on the library user. These are the Department of Acquisition and Scientific Processing of Literature, the Scientific and Bibliographic Department, the Electronic Resources Hall, the Readers' Service Departments, and the Interlibrary Loan (IBA). Of course, in the service departments the reader has the right to receive the information he needs. But the work of other departments is also aimed at working with information that should be relevant to the user's request. In the course of analytical and synthetic processing of information, the departments form a reference and search apparatus as a means of disclosing the resources of the university's university library, and also provide reference, bibliographic and information services for faculty, staff, graduate students, and students. Interlibrary loan services enable library readers to use literature from the collections of other libraries in the city in the absence of required documents in the library fund. The MBA serves all categories of university readers. Serves readers in the traditional mode (ordering original documents that are not in the fund), as well as ordering copies of documents.
For a student of Oryol State University, library service is a service organization that serves its institution, helps in studying, in conducting scientific research, and also in helping to find the necessary information. The target interests of users in the university library are quite different. Since the user of the library is not only a student, but also a teacher or a library employee. Someone takes books, and someone uses electronic resources. Considering that the majority of library users are young people under 25, libraries should take into account their interests and commitment to electronic information. Therefore, the main direction for the development of the library fund is the creation of an integrated fund with various types information. The mission of the library has changed. The thesis: “The library is a fund” is a thing of the past. The library should develop taking into account the interests of its users
Thus, library and information services are aimed at providing users with information. This can be both traditional media and electronic documents. It should be noted that not only this form of service is typical for the university library. The library of the university has long been practicing the organization of exhibitions - this is also a form of library service. Exhibitions of this kind, timed to coincide with some significant dates and events, are held by the library staff. The exhibitions are visited by faculty, students and library staff. Their theme is "New Year's card", "Handmade toy" and others.
Let's summarize. Modern libraries, regardless of their type and type, organize their activities aimed at providing information to users. The forms of this activity are quite diverse. As we were able to establish, the library of the Oryol State University aims to provide information for educational and scientific purposes. Also, this work is supplemented by the organization of exhibitions, which can rightfully be considered an addition to the basic information, since such exhibitions will be of interest to representatives of various faculties of the university.
Turning to the prospects for the development of the activities of the university library, it can be noted that they certainly exist. With the development of science and technology, new technologies are emerging that are being introduced into practical activities. It seems that with their active use, the university library is able to reach a qualitatively new level of library and information services: receiving, providing and using electronic information. But traditional forms of library service also need to be developed in the university library.
Bibliography:
- Guseva E.N. Innovations in the libraries of the country: approaches, problems, projects // Library business - XXI century. - 2010. - No. 1 (19). – P. 93–109. – App. to the journal "Librarianship".
- Erakhtorin M.V. Organizational-Psychological Aspects of the Reader Service System // Textbook Library. establishments. - 2008. - No. 27. - P. 3.
- Fokeev V.A. Bibliographic science and practice: terminol. words. / V.A. Fokeev; scientific ed. G.V. Mikheev. - St. Petersburg: Profession, 2008. - 272 p.
Lesson plan:
1. Goals, objectives and principles of modern library service.
Service differentiation.
2. The main directions of library and bibliographic services.
3. Individual work with users: features and methods.
1. Goals, objectives and principles of modern library service.
Library and bibliographic service - this is an activity carried out by structural divisions of the library specially created for this purpose, which provide users with bibliographic and factual information, the documents themselves or their copies, other library services that ensure the satisfaction of spiritual, industrial, educational and other needs.
Service is the leading function of modern libraries, which subordinates, changes and directs the work of all departments, as well as the activities carried out by them. technological processes, forms the image of the library in the eyes of the population and, ultimately, predetermines its place in society and the sphere of social influence.
The purpose, objectives and principles of library services (LS) are determined by the understanding of the role of the library and the concept of the reader dominating in society. Libraries, as social institutions, are designed to provide broad and complete information to the reader to solve various life problems, that is, to promote personality socialization in modern society.
Such an understanding of the purpose of library service is fully consistent with the specific nature of the library as an information institution, as well as its social role in society.
The stated goal allows you to determine the tasks of library services that need to be done to achieve this goal:
- reduction of barriers (physical, intellectual, technical, organizational, interpersonal, financial) to the accessibility of obtaining the information and library services necessary for the user;
- constant study of reader and information interests, requests and needs of users in order to fully satisfy them;
- expanding the range and increasing the level of creativity
- promoting the formation of a culture of reading and information culture of users;
- promotion of reading in non-reading sections of society.
The solution of each of these tasks will help facilitate access to information resources and expand the range of users who can use them to achieve their life goals.
Understanding the role of the library in society and the purpose of library services is also the basis for defining the principles of library services.
Today they are formulated as follows:
- Congruence(from lat. congruens - compliance, harmony) library services. This essential principle BO meaning: 1) compliance of its main directions, forms, methods, as well as technical means with the tasks that society sets for itself; 2) compliance with user needs; 3) compliance with the level of development of the industry. This principle requires the correlation of the main parameters of the BO with the activities of other social institutions: local government, media, etc.
- Tolerance and priority of the interests of the user's personality. This means organizing the BO process in the interests of the individual, focusing on his needs and requests. At the same time, the use of a wide information base of the library should be aimed at developing, deepening, and expanding the reader's interest. This principle implies an attentive, benevolent attitude towards the individual, regardless of nationality, religion, social status, health status, etc.
- Dalogicality of BO. Communication is an essential element of library service. Dialogicity is manifested in the use of such forms of work in the BO in which the user acts as an active participant: he has the right to evaluate the service received, to express his own opinion on the quality of the BO. It is especially important to observe this principle in relation to the young reader, who reacts sharply to the imposition of any information.
- Individualization and specialization of BO. This principle assumes that individual characteristics the user, and the growing trend of personalized service, which is determined by the technological capabilities of the library (providing a personal computer, etc.). The concept of BO specialization is manifested in the use of special forms and services required by "advanced" users ("virtual reference", commercial programs, etc.), which, of course, is more high level service. This principle is being actively implemented in foreign libraries, where the role of librarians in assisting professional users: businessmen, managers, lawyers, etc. in selecting the best information sources is steadily growing. It is clear that specialized service implies a correspondingly specialized training of librarians.
It is necessary to single out a number of principles, the implementation of which enhances the effect of the impact of BO.
This:
- A systematic approach in providing information to users. This principle is based on the theory of knowledge, which states that only systematized information leads to the formation of knowledge. Thus, BO contributes to the acquisition of knowledge from disparate information and stimulates the development of the user's systemic thinking.
- Visibility BO. The principle is based on the fact that 80% of information is perceived by a person through vision, which ensures its greater assimilation and memorization.
- Comfort BO. Convenience, comfort of access to information is in the foreground today. The principle assumes: convenient for the user time of the library; compliance with the norms of reading rooms (illumination, temperature conditions, technical equipment); the comfort of the atmosphere of communication with the librarian; efficiency in obtaining the most complete information.
The library professional community has developed the following Recommendations to help employees of service departments:
- During the lending of books, the librarian is entirely at the disposal of the reader and wishes to demonstrate this.
- You should strive to create a favorable first impression.
- You need to work calmly, with maximum effort.
- If the reader is not sympathetic to the librarian, in no case is this shown to him. With all visitors it is necessary to be equal in communication, polite and friendly. Difficult readers should not come as a surprise to the librarian. It is unacceptable to argue with the reader.
- The reader can only wait if the librarian is serving other patrons, not if the librarian is busy with internal work, however urgent.
- There are no stupid reader requests. If the reader asks for advice, the librarian tries to understand him, constantly showing a willingness to give information, but he does it carefully and unobtrusively.
- The employee does not have the right to redirect the reader to other employees or SBA if he himself can help.
- The librarian should not hesitate to admit his incompetence, but only in the area of the reader's activity (in terms of understanding his request), and not in his own area (knowledge of the fund and SBA).
- Remarks to an adult reader in the library should be made by other readers if his actions interfere with their concentration. The librarian tries not to comment.
- When a visitor breaks the rules, you need to show him that by doing so he infringes on the rights or interferes with other readers, but not the librarian.
- Care should be taken to ensure that prohibitory words sound softly in announcements, as a request, and not as a demand.
- The librarian must be able to look at the library through the eyes of the reader, and do it constantly.
Service differentiation.
Constant study of reader demand shows that the composition of the readers of each particular library is diverse. Readers differ in professional, age, educational, national, mental characteristics. Group and individual characteristics of people influence the choice and reading of books, and this necessitates a differentiated approach to readers.
What means differentiation?
This is a dismemberment, distinction, selection of constituent elements when considering, studying something. In this case, the selection of the main groups, categories of readers in libraries as a result of studying their composition.
It is customary to note three main aspects of such a study:
– study of the living and working conditions of the population of the served area (covered by the service), which determine the potential reader demand;
- studying the composition of readers, which can be divided into age, educational, national and other groups in order to give an objective description of each of them, to find out their essential features;
- studying the individual characteristics of each reader.
Since the social approach determines the primacy in the differentiation of readers, libraries are divided into groups according to occupation, social activity, profession, age, etc.
At the same time, the readers of each group have significant differences that manifest themselves in their attitude to books, their choice, and application in life. Taking into account such important properties of readers as the level of consciousness, motives and goals of reading, the direction and volume of readers' interests, the skills of independent work with a book underlies individual work with them.
2. The main directions of library and bibliographic services.
The work of the library receives direct access to users through three interrelated, complementary areas: individual, group and frontal library and bibliographic services. The second and third directions are traditionally called mass library and bibliographic services.
Group library and bibliographic service involves meeting the cultural and information needs of small groups (groups) of users united by common interests.
Frontal library and bibliographic service is built in such a way as to satisfy the cultural and information needs that are typical for the majority of users and "non-users" of the library. Such service helps to draw their attention to the library, reading, a particular book.
Group and frontal events should be held in such a way that the questions posed and their disclosure are understandable and interesting both to those who know the recommended book well and to those who are familiar with it for the first time.
Guidelines for the organization of group services are actually functioning (teachers, entrepreneurs) or conditionally united (poetry lovers, collectors of postage stamps) groups of readers; for the frontal - all users of the library and "non-users" living in the area of its activity - the so-called readership of the library.
The reader group and the readership have much in common, since both are formed by many individuals, but the content of these concepts is different.
Reader group - it is a collection of individuals who have some common objectively existing characteristics and properties. This is a well-defined stable set, ordered according to one or another sign that is significant for library services: by gender, age, profession, interests.
IN readership this set is not an independent holistic formation.
The same book can become an object of consideration, both at a group event and at a frontal event. But it will unfold differently. At a group event involving a small number of people, there is an opportunity to open the book more deeply, taking into account the interests of a larger number of those present; at the frontal event - reach more representatives different groups, but reveal only those aspects that are equally interesting to them. A group event requires a lot of preparation, but when you need to quickly introduce a book, it is better to use a frontal event, which is easier to prepare than a group one. It should be noted that there is no rigid "binding" of one or another method of mass service only to group or only frontal work. Examples of public events can be: book discussions, question and answer evenings, oral magazines, book premieres, readers' conferences.
3. Individual library and bibliographic service- a process that ensures direct and systematic communication of a librarian with one or several readers at the same time, taking into account the personal characteristics of each. The latter is necessary for the reader to take exactly “his” book, that is, a book that is accessible to him in terms of the level of reading culture, corresponding to his interests and real needs, taking into account individual psychological characteristics and capabilities.
The range of tasks of individual service is quite wide: assistance in determining the topics of reading, choosing specific literature, discussing what has been read in order to determine and form reader interests and clarify requests, foster a culture of reading, assist in finding printed works and familiarization with bibliographic sources and reference books.
To effective forms and methods of individual library service relate:
- individual conversation;
Individual information;
The universal way of individual service is individual conversation with library users. She acts as independent way, and is present in all other ways of individual library and bibliographic services and includes three interrelated types: conversation when registering a reader in the library; recommendation conversation; conversation when receiving a read book from the user.
Library Enrollment Conversation makes it possible to collect information about a person who wishes to become a reader. This information plays important role when determining the strategy, the general direction of work with the new user of the library. During this conversation, he is introduced to the rules of use, the history and traditions that have developed in the library, with its information capabilities, and establishes the level of reading culture of the person signing up. Finally, they find out how it can be useful for the library itself. It is desirable that this conversation be led by the most qualified member of the library staff.
Conversation when issuing literature to the reader. This conversation is considered tactical, because on the basis of knowledge about the reader, obtained when he was registered in the library, further service tactics are determined. General rule such conversations boils down to the following: about one book, different readers are told exactly what they can find useful in it for themselves, based on the reading culture of each, his purpose of referring to the book, the content and features of the recommended edition.
recommendation conversation built in such a way that the reader wants to read the book. For example, in a recommendatory conversation on a work of art, it is desirable to provide vivid information about the personality of the writer, about the intention of the work, to show why the writer was worried about these thoughts, why this particular genre was used. It is advisable to dwell on the creative history of the work. It is useful to talk about the time when the work appeared, how it was received by contemporaries. To make it easier for the reader to understand the work, you need to draw his attention to the main problems and moral conflicts in it. If a film or a performance was created based on a work, then this should certainly be mentioned. It is not necessary, of course, to touch upon all these issues in every conversation - the work itself and the reader will tell the librarian where to stop.
Conversation about what was read (corrective conversation) is a way of checking decisions made by the librarian on working with the reader in general and recommending a particular book. The nature of the conversation depends on many factors, including such as the features of the book (content, reader's purpose), the reader's development of the library user, etc. The main criterion is to determine the degree of achievement of the reading task (identification of the level of perception, reading comprehension, clarification of reader interests, etc.). d.).
Typical techniques that ensure the creation of conditions for the reader to enter into a conversation with a librarian are as follows:
During such conversations, the librarian helps the reader to deeply understand what they have read.
Individual reading plans. In modern practice, mainly three types of planned reading are used:
- typical, which are created based on the analysis of the most common interests and user requests;
- lists of literature on any frequently asked topic:
- compiled with the reader plan for further reading.
essence this method is to involve library users in reading literature according to their interests with a constant transition from one topic to another in order to diversify the cultural or professional development of readers, as well as to develop their skills in systematic self-educational reading.
- Individual information.
Way individual informing consists in the constant notification of specialists about new literature on their profile, both received by the library and identified from bibliographic sources. Personal service is called selective dissemination of information(IRI) if it:
- carried out promptly with a specified frequency;
- has two circuits, that is, the reader is initially provided with bibliographic information, and only then, at his request, with the full texts of documents;
- provides data analysis feedback, thereby clarifying the needs of the subscriber.
The IRI system serves readers whose professional activity involves systematic self-acquaintance with new information on a certain range of problems, provided that the subject of their needs is stable. Among the readers of public libraries, IRI subscribers are, first of all, employees educational institutions; among the readers of scientific-technical and scientific-medical libraries are the leading specialists of the organization.
- Literature recommendations
Way literature recommendations in accordance with the personal hobbies of the reader, it involves providing library users with all the literature that is thematically related to their hobbies, hobbies. Reading habits can relate to a wide range of issues: fine arts, theater, music, politics, geography, travel, natural science, gardening, fishing, sports, needlework, etc. Some readers are sometimes interested in rather narrow topics: collecting various items (for example, buttons, match labels), growing certain varieties of indoor plants (for example, , cacti), etc. The task of librarians is to have a clear idea of leisure and its structure, the characteristics of the leisure interests of the main groups of library users and to collect literature, especially reference books, about collectors and types of collections.
More information about the organization of library services can be found in the following publications:
Borodina, V. A. Library service. 100 issues; Issue. No. 7. [Text]: educational method. allowance / V. A. Borodina. - M.: Liberea, 2004. - 168 p. – (Librarian and time. XXI century).
Melentiev. Yu. P. Library service [Text]: textbook / Yu. P. Melentyeva. – M.: “FAIR Publishing House”, 2006. – 256 p. – (Special publishing project for libraries).
Organization of the work of the CBS [Text]: instructions and accounting forms. / Ed. R. Z. Zotova - 2nd ed. – M.: Book, 1985.
Pudov, V. I. Conversation with the reader in the system of individual work [Text] / V. I. Pudov // Current issues of library work: theory and practice: collection. 1987. - M.: Book, 1987. - S. 67-80.
Pudov, V.I. Influence on the reader: propaganda technique in individual work [Text] / V.I. Pudov // Topical issues of library work: theory and practice: collection. 1988. - M .: Book Chamber, 1988. - S. 85-97.
Working with readers [Text]: textbook for bibl. Institute of Culture / Ed. V. F. Sakharova. - M.: Book, 1970. - 352 p.
Library service. A differentiated approach to user service. Individual work with users: features and methods. / MUK MCB; MBO; comp. and resp. for issue A. O. Kesheshyan. – Chaltyr, 2009// site
