"Latin America countries" - 8. Tomsk Regional Center for Internet Education. 11. 13. Natural conditions. The purpose of the lesson: From the west it is washed by the Pacific Ocean, from the east by the Atlantic.
"America Africa" - Justify your point of view ("yes" why? Or "no" why?). The guest is a Maya Indian. Mayan temples still exist today. A k s m s o n g a i a liberto m buk t u s u d a n a f r i k a n t s y k u p tsy. Priests are the custodians of knowledge. Name the oceans and seas that wash the shores of the North and South America?
"History of Latin America" - The Conquest of Freedom in 1804. Latin America in the 19th and early 20th centuries: a time of change. At the head of the Toussaint-Louverture uprising. 1492 - discovery of America by Columbus. LATE XVIII-BEGINNING. The fundamental question How did the formation of independent states in Latin America? The main periods for independence.
"Latin America" - The process of increasing the role of cities and the spread of urban lifestyle. Lesson plan: Objectives: The highest level of ethnic community. State of Latin America, the population of which is dominated by the Indian population. Problem. Business assignment. Country of Latin America, the largest exporter of bauxites.
"American Culture" - Benjamin Franklin - head of the American Enlightenment. Mass poetry of the revolutionary period. Hemingway's participation in the struggle of the Spanish people against fascism. Humanistic pathos of the story "The Old Man and the Sea". About 10% of the country's population consider themselves atheists. Francophone Literature Literature in English language Literature in French.
"Mesoamerica" - The legend says that once, for some unknown reason, the wise men - the color of the people - boarded their ships again and sailed east, promising to return on the eve of the end of the world, and the remaining people settled the surrounding lands and began to call themselves by their name the great leader, sorcerer and high priest Olmec Wimtoni.
There are 18 presentations in total in the topic
Class: 11
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Teaching and educational tasks:
– To form the concept and idea of Latin America as a historical-cultural and historical-geographical region.
- To form students' understanding of the countries of Latin America, their features of the economic and geographical position.
Developing:
- Develop the ability to draw up an answer in the form of a diagram.
– Continue to develop geographical skills: analyze cartographic and statistical materials, give a brief description of the countries.
– Work on general educational skills: compare and generalize, listen.
Equipment:
- Wall political map of the world, atlas, multimedia projector.
- Handout for students: TVET (note Materials of the Festival 2009-2010) technological map, test.
- Form Methods learning activities: partially-poskovy, heuristic conversation.
- Presentation “Peculiarities of the countries of Latin America”.
- Territory study plan.
- Myself. work with TPO (notebook with a printed basis).
- A student of new material The composition of the region.
- Work on the map at the blackboard “Features of the geographical position of the mainland South America”.
- The history of the discovery of the region. Formation of the political map.
- Diversity of Latin American countries (s.r., scheme).
- Puzzle tasks.
- Test.
During the classes
1. Introductory speech of the teacher:
– Today, we will start our lesson not quite normally, first we will make virtual journey for some countries. You are faced with the task: after watching the presentation, answer the question: Which region will we study today?
2. Show Presentations.(1-14 slide)
3.
After watching, the children are asked a question.
- Guys, have you determined which region we will get acquainted with today? (Latin America)-( slide 15).
- Show it on the map. ( slide 16)
– Let's remember the plan according to which we characterize the region.
textbook p.330: territory, borders, position; natural conditions and resources; population; economy, territorial structure; characteristic largest countries(Brazil); security environment and environmental issues.
- So, name the topic of our lesson. “Territory, borders, position of the region on the political map” - write in a notebook .(slide 17)
- The purpose of our lesson: To study the composition of the region, to consolidate the ability to determine the geographical position of countries and their features.
To move on to the study of new material, let's recall what we already know about the countries of this region.
To do this, open the TVET (Topic 5, block 1, work on options).
4.
Independent work students with TPE (10 min.). Annex 15. Learning new material.
introduction teachers.
What is included in Latin America?
Latin America is the region of the Western Hemisphere between the United States and Antarctica. It includes: Mexico, countries of Central America, West Indies and South America. Moreover, Mexico, the West Indies and Central America are often combined into a sub-region of the Caribbean countries. In total, the region includes 33 sovereign states, as well as 14 countries that are the possessions of Great Britain, France, the Netherlands and the United States. (These are small islands in the Caribbean).
The territory of Latin America stretches from north to south for 13 thousand km, and from west to east up to 5 thousand km.
In what part of the world is the region located? (America) what does it include? (two continents).
What traveler is America named after? (Amerigo Vespucci).
- Guys, who discovered the mainland of South America? (Christopher Columbus). H. Columbus lived in Portugal. He decided to open the way to India by the western route. He first discovered the Bahamas, one of which he called San Salvador. Since he was looking for a way to India, the natives began to be called Indians. Tobacco and potatoes discovered by him on the island of Cuba, then conquered the whole world. With the discovery of new lands (15-17 centuries), the era of their colonization by the Spaniards and the Portuguese began.
How do you understand the word colonization? (capture, development of new lands).
6. History of settlement, development of the region. Formation of a political map : The name “Latin America” comes from the historically prevailing influence of the language, culture and customs of the Romanesque (Latin) peoples of the Iberian Peninsula – the Spaniards, the Portuguese in this part of the world. Which in the 15-18 centuries conquered this part of America and colonized it.
Before the Europeans came here, there were developed states on the mainland: the Aztecs ( slide 18) with the capital Tenochtitlan, the territory of modern Mexico and the Maya ( slides 19,20) on the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico), as well as the Inca Empire ( slides 21,22) on the western coast of South America (Peru, Ecuador) with its capital in Cusco.
All these civilizations were destroyed with the advent of European colonialists.
Most of the modern states of Latin America are former colonies Spain, and Brazil is a former Portuguese colony.
Find confirmation of this in the atlas with .... (that's right, only in Brazil - the population speaks Portuguese, the rest of the territory is dominated by Spanish).
Are there developed countries in this region? (No).
All 33 sovereign states are among the developing ones.
6.
Pay attention to the diagram, which needs to be filled in briefly using conventional signs. As we fill in the diagram in the notebook, we will fill in the diagram on the board.
– What was the basis for the selection of the Latin America region? (p. 331 account)
- Features of drawing borders between countries.
– Make a diagram “Diversity of countries in Latin America”.
(slide 23)
7
. Work on the map: Puzzle tasks.A) The state is washed by two oceans, forming two bays near the territory. WITH
to the north, it borders on one more economically developed country.
Name the country, bays, border state. (Mexico slides 24-27).
B) On the territory of this country is the driest desert in the world - Atacama. She owns an island pacific ocean- Easter Island ( slides 28-32).
C) Part of the country has a harsh climate. The territory is called Patagonia. (Argenina slide 33).
D) On the territory of this country is the highest waterfall in the world - Angel.
(Venezuela slide 34).
E) A country where cane, cocoa beans and raw materials for the chemical industry are grown. (Brazil slide 35-36).
E) Guess the picture. (Cuba slide 37-40).
8.
Fixing material: TEST. Annex 39.
Summing up the lesson.Guys, today we studied the features of the geographical location of the countries of Latin America. Tell me, what are the characteristics of the territory? (for a variety natural conditions and the availability of natural resources that determine the specialization of the economy). So the topic of our next lesson is “Natural Resources”.
D/Z
.- Repeat the types of natural resources, do practical work on the c / c “Country Features”. Find “geographical names” on the map, write them down and put them on the c/c.
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
1 slide
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2 slide
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Latin America is a region located between the United States and Antarctica. It includes: Mexico countries of Central America West Indies South America Area - 21 million sq. km Population - 520 million people
3 slide
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4 slide
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Countries of South America Argentina Brazil Bolivia Venezuela Guyana Guyana (French) Colombia Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Chile Ecuador
5 slide
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Mexico and Central America Mexico Belize Guatemala Honduras Costa Rica Nicaragua Panama El Salvador
6 slide
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West Indies (Caribbean) 1) Bahamas 2) Haiti 3) Dominican Republic 4) Cuba 5) Jamaica
7 slide
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Latin America is dominated by unitary states, but the largest countries are federations Argentina Mexico Venezuela Brazil Saint Kitts and Nevis
8 slide
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general characteristics Latin American countries Latin American countries - former colonies of Portugal and Spain Latin American countries became independent at the beginning of the 19th century. Ethnic composition: Indians, European settlers (Creoles), Africans High population growth rates, a large proportion of young people Economic dependence on the United States Religious composition - mostly Catholics
9 slide
Description of the slide:
Natural resources of Latin America Rich natural resources Oil Venezuela, Mexico, Ecuador Iron ore Brazil, Venezuela, Chile, Peru, Mexico Copper ore Chile, Peru, Mexico Bauxites Jamaica, Suriname, Brazil Drag. metals Colombia, Brazil, Peru Significant water resources Tropical forests Recreational resources
10 slide
Description of the slide:
Latin America area. Compound. Political map of the region. S = 21 million km2 There are several subregions in Latin America: 1 – Mexico; 2 - Countries of Central America; 3 - West Indies countries; 4 - Andean countries; 5 - Countries of the La Plata basin; 6 - Brazil. The composition of the subregions of Latin America. Mexico Central America West Indies Andean countries La Plata basin countries Brazil Mexico Guatemala El Salvador Honduras Belize Nicaragua Costa Rica Panama Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Bahamas, Jamaica, Barbados, Suriname, etc. Venezuela Colombia Ecuador Peru Bolivia Chile Paraguay Uruguay Argentina Brazil
11 slide
Description of the slide:
46 states 33 sovereign states Currently, 46 states and possessions of some European countries and the USA are located within the region. Independent states in the region 33. In terms of the form of government, the countries of Latin America are very homogeneous. All of them are republics. Cuba occupies a special place - the only country in the region that belongs to the socialist states. According to the form of the administrative-territorial structure in Latin America, unitary states predominate. Four of its largest countries and one state of the West Indies have a federal structure. Republics UNITARY FEDERAL Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Venezuela, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
12 slide
Description of the slide:
Schedule. Population growth dynamics in Latin America. EXERCISE. Analyze the graph of population growth in Latin America and answer the following questions: 1. What is the population of Latin America? 2. How many times has the population of the region increased since the beginning of the 20th century? 3. Compare the dynamics of population growth in Latin America with other regions.
13 slide
Description of the slide:
Natural population growth in Latin America. population reproduction and natural growth. Atlas maps pp. 10-11. After analyzing the maps and the diagram, we can conclude that for Lat. America is characterized by type II reproduction. This affects the size and age structure of the region's population. 1. Consider the thematic map "Birth rate". As you can see, the predominant color on the map is yellow, therefore, the number of births per year per 1000 inhabitants of Lat. America is an average of 25 people. (Having examined the map, click the mouse 2 times). 2. Consider the thematic map "Mortality". As you can see, the map is dominated by a light green color, therefore, the number of deaths per year per 1000 inhabitants of Lat. America is an average of 7 people. "Birth rate" "Death rate" Now let's analyze the data obtained from the maps and consider the diagram "Natural increase". The green bar shows the number of births per year per 1000 inhabitants (25), the blue bar shows the number of deaths per year per 1000 inhabitants (7). And the purple column shows the difference between the number of births and deaths (25 - 7 = 18). So the population of Lat. America is growing at a rate of 18 people. per 1000 inhabitants per year. (“If you are not too lazy?” Calculate, knowing the population of Latin America in 2000, how many inhabitants became in this region in 2001, etc.). Click the mouse 2 times.
14 slide
Description of the slide:
The ethnic racial composition of the population of Latin America is characterized by great complexity, which is associated with the peculiarity of its historical development. Many representatives of large ethnic groups formed in this region already in modern times. Three main elements participated in their formation: the indigenous Indian population, emigrants from European countries and slaves exported from Africa. Machu Picchu - ancient city Incas. Ancient Aztec temple. The surviving monuments of the pre-Columbian period testify to high level development of the culture of the Aztecs, Mayans and Incas. This culture was completely destroyed by the Spanish-Portuguese conquerors. Hernandez Cortes in 1521 destroyed the Aztec state with incredible cruelty. Francisco Pissarro destroyed the Inca state with the same cruelty. In 1532, he fraudulently captured the Supreme Inca Ataulpa, who, in exchange for his freedom, offered an unprecedented ransom: to fill the room in which he was imprisoned with gold. The Supreme Inca kept his word, but the Spaniards, having received the gold, executed him. Before the arrival of Columbus, the indigenous population was 20 million people, and in 1521 - 7.3 million people.
15 slide
Description of the slide:
The almost complete extermination of the Indians posed to the colonialists the question of labor force, which was resolved by the importation of Negro slaves from Africa. The total number of blacks brought to America amounted to 10 million people. So there were three main racial-ethnic elements. INDIGENOUS POPULATION EUROPEAN MIGRANTS AFRICAN ITZTEC MAYA SPANISH, PORTUGUESE (CREOLES) METIS MULATO SAMBO
16 slide
Description of the slide:
More homogeneous. Spanish and Portuguese prevail. Spanish is the official language in 18 countries (250 million people). Portuguese language in one country of Brazil - 170 million people. In Mexico, Bolivia, Paraguay, along with Spanish, the official languages are Aztec, Quechua.
17 slide
Description of the slide:
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ACCOMMODATION: - the least populated region of the world with an average density of 25 people. per km. sq.; the non-uniformity of placement is strongly expressed; high proportion of high-mountain population.
18 slide
Description of the slide:
URBANIZATION False urbanization is characteristic. The formation of slum areas, "belts of poverty", in which up to 50% of the population of many cities lives. Largest cities with a population of more than 10 million people.
19 slide
Description of the slide:
INDUSTRY. For a long time, the industry of the region was characterized primarily by the development of mining industries. However, in Lately the leading role began to shift to the manufacturing industry (especially ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, oil refining, as well as electronics and mechanical engineering). In Brazil, electronics, automobile, shipbuilding, and aircraft building have been developed; in Mexico, Argentina - the production of cars, machine tools. AGRICULTURE. Represented by two completely different sectors. The first sector is a high-commodity, plantation economy. The world's largest banana producers are Costa Rica, Colombia, Ekvador, Honduras, Panama. On refrigerated ships, the entire collection of bananas is exported to Europe, the USA, and they ripen on the way. In Cuba, 1/2 of all cultivated land is occupied by sugar cane plantations. Sugar factories produce more than 5 million tons of sugar per year. The sugar industry is Cuba's specialty. The second sector is the consumer small-scale economy, not affected by the "green revolution". The peasants employed in it grow corn, cassava, beans, vegetables, and potatoes.
23 slide
Description of the slide:
Features of the economies of Latin America countries In terms of development, they are ahead of the developing countries of Asia and Africa The share of agriculture is declining, the share of manufacturing is growing In the mining industry, 80% is fuel extraction, 20% is ore raw materials Brazil, Mexico, Argentina account for 2/3 industrial production In agriculture, high-value farms are combined with small-scale farming. The leading branch of agriculture is crop production; a high proportion in GDP, especially in Central America Agricultural specialization: Coffee - Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala Sugar - Guyana, Cuba, Belize Bananas - Ecuador, Honduras, Panama Wheat - Argentina
slide 2
LESSON PLAN:
1. Territory, composition and political map of Latin America.
2. Population of Latin America:
- population growth dynamics;
- reproduction;
- ethnic composition;
- language composition;
- placement of the population.
3. Household.
slide 3
Latin America area.
S = 21 million km2
Compound. Political map of the region.
Latin America is divided into several sub-regions:
1 - Mexico;
2 - Countries of Central America;
3 - West Indies countries;
4 - Andean countries;
5 - Countries of the La Plata basin;
6 - Brazil.
slide 4
Political map of the region
46 states
33 sovereign states
- Currently, 46 states and possessions of some European countries and the USA are located within the region. There are 33 independent states in the region.
- The form of government in Latin America is very homogeneous. All of them are republics. Cuba occupies a special place - the only country in the region that belongs to the socialist states.
- According to the form of the administrative-territorial structure in Latin America, unitary states predominate. Four of its largest countries and one state of the West Indies have a federal structure.
Republic
- UNITARY
- FEDERAL
- Brazil,
- Mexico,
- Argentina,
- Venezuela,
- Saint Kitts and Nevis.
slide 5
- Latin America is part of planet Earth, part of the planet of people.
- Schedule. Population growth dynamics in Latin America.
- Population of Latin America
- EXERCISE.
Analyze the graph of population growth in Latin America and answer the following questions:
1. What is the population of Latin America?
2. How many times has the population of the region increased since the beginning of the 20th century?
3. Compare the dynamics of population growth in Latin America with other regions.
slide 6
Population reproduction and natural growth
- Natural population growth
- Latin America.
- Atlas maps pp. 10-11.
- After analyzing the maps and the diagram, we can conclude that for Lat. America is characterized by type II reproduction. This affects the size and age structure of the region's population.
1. Consider the thematic map "Birth rate". As you can see, the predominant color on the map is yellow, therefore, the number of births per year per 1000 inhabitants of Lat. America is an average of 25 people. (Having examined the map, click the mouse 2 times).
2. Consider the thematic map "Mortality". As you can see, the map is dominated by a light green color, therefore, the number of deaths per year per 1000 inhabitants of Lat. America is an average of 7 people.
- Now let's analyze the information received from the cards and consider the "Natural growth" diagram. The green bar shows the number of births per year per 1000 inhabitants (25), the blue bar shows the number of deaths per year per 1000 inhabitants (7). And the purple column shows the difference between the number of births and deaths (25 - 7 = 18). So the population of Lat. America is growing at a rate of 18 people. per 1000 inhabitants per year. (“If you are not too lazy?” Calculate, knowing the population of Latin America in 2000, how many inhabitants became in this region in 2001, etc.).
Slide 7
Ethnic composition of the population
- The ethnic racial composition of the population of Latin America is characterized by great complexity, which is associated with the peculiarity of its historical development. Many representatives of large ethnic groups formed in this region already in modern times. Three main elements participated in their formation: the indigenous Indian population, emigrants from European countries and slaves exported from Africa.
- Machu Picchu is the ancient city of the Incas.
- Ancient Aztec temple.
- The surviving monuments of the pre-Columbian period testify to the high level of development of the culture of the Aztecs, Mayans and Incas.
- This culture was completely destroyed by the Spanish-Portuguese conquerors.
- Hernandez Cortes in 1521 destroyed the Aztec state with incredible cruelty. Francisco Pissarro destroyed the Inca state with the same cruelty. In 1532, he fraudulently captured the Supreme Inca Ataulpa, who, in exchange for his freedom, offered an unprecedented ransom: to fill the room in which he was imprisoned with gold. The Supreme Inca kept his word, but the Spaniards, having received the gold, executed him.
- Before the arrival of Columbus, the indigenous population was 20 million people, and in 1521 - 7.3 million people.
Slide 8
- The almost complete extermination of the Indians raised the issue of labor force before the colonialists, which was resolved by importing Negro slaves from Africa. The total number of blacks brought to America amounted to 10 million people.
- So there were three main racial-ethnic elements.
- INDIGENOUS POPULATION
- EUROPEAN
- RESETTLERS
- AFRICANS
- IZTEKI MAYA
- SPANISH,
- PORTUGUESE
- (CREOLES)
- METIS
- MULATTO
- SAMBO
Slide 9
Language composition
- More homogeneous. Spanish and Portuguese are predominant. Spanish is the official language in 18 countries (250 million people). Portuguese language in one country of Brazil - 170 million people. In Mexico, Bolivia, Paraguay, along with Spanish, the official languages are Aztec, Quechua.
Slide 10
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ACCOMMODATION:
- the least populated region of the world with an average density of 25 people. per km. sq.;
- the non-uniformity of placement is strongly expressed;
- high proportion of high-mountain population.
slide 11
URBANIZATION
- False urbanization is characteristic. The formation of slum areas, "belts of poverty", in which up to 50% of the population of many cities lives.
- Largest cities with population
- more than 10 million people
slide 12
Economy of Latin America
- Latin America can be classified as an industrialized region, although all of its countries are usually classified as developing.
- The share of the region in the world gross product is 8.5%.
- 4/5 of all industrial production falls on the top three economic leaders - Brazil, Mexico, Argentina.
- The region has a prominent place in world agricultural production.
slide 13
Slide 14
INDUSTRY
- For a long time, the industry of the region was characterized primarily by the development of mining industries. However, recently the leading role has been shifted to the manufacturing industry (especially black, non-ferrous metallurgy, oil refining, as well as electronics and mechanical engineering).
- In Brazil, electronics, automobile, shipbuilding, and aircraft building have been developed; in Mexico, Argentina - the production of cars, machine tools.
- Economy of Latin America.
- Industry and agriculture.
AGRICULTURE.
- Represented by two completely different sectors.
- The first sector is a high-commodity, plantation economy. The world's largest banana producers are Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras, Panama. On refrigerated ships, the entire collection of bananas is exported to Europe, the USA, and they ripen on the way. In Cuba, 1/2 of all cultivated land is occupied by sugar cane plantations. Sugar factories produce more than 5 million tons of sugar per year. The sugar industry is Cuba's specialty.
- The second sector is the consumer small-scale economy, not affected by the "green revolution". The peasants employed in it grow corn, cassava, beans, vegetables, and potatoes.
slide 15
Economy of Latin America. Transport
- The transport equipment of Latin America is weak. Insufficiently developed internal water, pipeline transport, despite the long railways their capacity is very low, better developed - air and road. Plays a huge role sea transport And seaports, all roads in the region lead to the seaport.
- Freight composition. Brazil.
- Road in the Andes.
- Panama Canal.
- Horse-drawn transport.
- River trams.
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