GOST 22667-82
Group B19
INTERSTATE STANDARD
COMBUSTIBLE NATURAL GASES
Calculation method determination of calorific value, relative density and Wobbe number
Combustible natural gases. Calculation method for determination of calorific value, specific gravity
Wobbe index
ISS 75.160.30
Introduction date 1983-07-01
Decree State Committee USSR according to the standards of August 23, 1982 N 3333, the date of introduction is 07/01/83
The validity period was removed according to protocol N 4-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 4-94)
INSTEAD OF GOST 22667-77
EDITION with Amendment No. 1, approved in August 1992 (IUS 11-92).
This International Standard specifies methods for calculating the gross and net calorific values, relative density and Wobbe number of dry natural hydrocarbon gases from the composition and known physical quantities of the pure components.
The standard does not apply to gases in which the hydrocarbon fraction exceeds 0.1%.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
1. DETERMINATION OF HEAT OF COMBUSTION
1.1. The volumetric heat of combustion of gas (higher or lower) is calculated from the component composition and heat of combustion of individual gas components.
1.2. The component composition of the gas is determined according to GOST 23781-87 by the method of absolute calibration. Determine all components whose volume fraction exceeds 0.005%, except for methane, the content of which is calculated by the difference of 100% and the sum of all components.
1.1, 1.2. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
1.3. The calorific value () higher () or lower () in MJ / m (kcal / m) is calculated by the formula
where is the calorific value of gas (higher or lower) of the th gas component (application);
is the fraction of the th component in the gas.
2. DETERMINATION OF RELATIVE DENSITY
2.1. Relative density () is calculated by the formula
where is the relative density of the th gas component (Appendix).
3. DEFINITION OF THE WOBBE NUMBER
3.1. The Wobbe number () (lower or higher) in MJ / m (kcal / m) is calculated by the formula
4. PROCESSING THE RESULTS
4.1. When calculating, it is allowed not to take into account the heat of combustion and the relative density of gas components, the values of which are less than 0.005 MJ/m (1 kcal/m) and 0.0001, respectively.
4.2. The calorific value of the components is rounded to the nearest 0.005 MJ/m (1 kcal/m), the final result is rounded to the nearest 0.05 MJ/m (10 kcal/m).
4.3. The value of the relative density of the components is rounded up to 0.0001, the final result is up to 0.001 units of relative density.
4.4. When recording the results of the determination, it is necessary to indicate the temperature conditions (20 °C or 0 °C).
5. ACCURACY OF THE METHOD
Convergence
The calorific value of gas, calculated from two consecutive analyzes of one gas sample by one performer, using the same method and instrument, is recognized as reliable (with 95% confidence level), if the discrepancy between them does not exceed 0.1%.
Section 5 (Introduced additionally, Rev. N 1).
APPENDIX (mandatory)
APPLICATION
Mandatory
Table 1
Higher and lower calorific value and relative density* of dry natural gas components at 0 °C and 101.325 kPa**
________________
Component name | Heat of combustion | Relative density |
||||
higher | ||||||
n-butane | n-CH | |||||
u-butane | u-CH | |||||
Pentanes | ||||||
Hexanes | ||||||
Octanes | ||||||
Benzene | ||||||
Toluene | ||||||
Hydrogen | ||||||
Carbon monoxide | ||||||
hydrogen sulfide | ||||||
carbon dioxide | ||||||
Oxygen | ||||||
table 2
Higher and lower calorific value and relative density* of dry natural gas components at 20 °C and 101.325 kPa**
________________
* The air density is assumed to be 1.
** The data in the table are given taking into account the compressibility factor.
Component name | Heat of combustion | Relative density |
||||
higher | ||||||
n-butane | n-CH | |||||
u-butane | u-CH | |||||
Pentanes | ||||||
Hexanes | ||||||
Octanes | ||||||
Benzene | ||||||
Toluene | ||||||
Hydrogen | ||||||
Carbon monoxide | ||||||
hydrogen sulfide | ||||||
carbon dioxide | ||||||
Oxygen | ||||||
Electronic text of the document
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
gaseous fuel. Specifications
and methods of analysis: Sat. standards. -
M.: Standartinform, 2006
Specific voluminous ,
she is special voluminous heat of combustion of fuel,
she is special voluminous heating value of the fuel.
Specific voluminous
The calorific value of a fuel is the amount of heat
which is released during the complete combustion of a volumetric unit of fuel.
Online converter for translation
Translation (conversion)
fuel volumetric calorific value units
(calorific value per unit volume of fuel)
Mass (weight) specific calorific value is practically the same for all types of fuel of organic origin. And a kilogram of gasoline, and a kilogram of firewood, and a kilogram of coal - will give approximately the same amount of heat during their combustion.
Another thing - volumetric calorific value. Here, the calorific value of 1 liter of gasoline, 1 dm3 of firewood or 1 dm3 of coal will differ significantly. Therefore, it is the volumetric calorific value that is the most important characteristic substances, as a type or grade of fuel.
The transfer (conversion) of the volumetric calorific value of the fuel is used in heat engineering calculations according to a comparative economic or energy characteristic for different types fuel, or for different grades of the same type of fuel. Such calculations (according to a comparative characteristic for dissimilar fuels) are needed when choosing it as a type or type of energy carrier for alternative heating and heating of buildings and premises. Since various regulatory and accompanying documentation for different grades and types of fuel often contains the value of the calorific value of the fuel in different volumetric and thermal units, then in the process of comparison, when reducing the value of the volumetric calorific value to a common denominator, errors or inaccuracies can easily creep in.
For example:
– The volumetric calorific value of natural gas is measured
in MJ/m3 or kcal/m3 (according to )
– The volumetric calorific value of firewood can be easily expressed
in kcal/dm3, Mcal/dm3 or in Gcal/m3
To compare thermal and economic efficiency of these two types of fuel it is necessary to bring it to a single unit of measurement of volumetric calorific value. And for this, just such an online calculator is needed.
Calculator Test:
1 MJ/m3 = 238.83 kcal/m3
1 kcal/m3 = 0.00419 MJ/m3
For online conversion (translation) of values:
– select the names of the converted values at the input and output
– enter the value of the quantity to be converted
The converter gives the accuracy - four decimal places. If, after conversion, only zeros are observed in the “Result” column, then you need to select a different dimension of the converted values or simply click on. For, it is impossible to convert a calorie into a Gigacalorie with an accuracy of four decimal places.
P.S.
Translation (conversion) of joules and calories per unit of volume is simple mathematics. However, driving a bunch of zeros overnight is very tiring. So I made this converter to unload the creative process.
(Fig. 14.1 - Calorific value
fuel capacity)
Pay attention to the calorific value (specific heat of combustion) various kinds fuel, compare performance. The calorific value of the fuel characterizes the amount of heat released during the complete combustion of fuel with a mass of 1 kg or a volume of 1 m³ (1 l). The most common calorific value is measured in J/kg (J/m³; J/l). The higher the specific heat of combustion of fuel, the lower its consumption. Therefore, the calorific value is one of the most significant characteristics of the fuel.
The specific heat of combustion of each type of fuel depends on:
- From its combustible components (carbon, hydrogen, volatile combustible sulfur, etc.).
- From its moisture and ash content.
| Table 4 - Specific heat of combustion of various energy carriers, comparative analysis of costs. | |||||||||
| Type of energy carrier | Calorific value | Volumetric matter density (ρ=m/V) | Unit price reference fuel | Coeff. useful action (efficiency) systems heating, % | Price per 1 kWh | Implemented systems | |||
| MJ | kWh | ||||||||
| (1MJ=0.278kWh) | |||||||||
| Electricity | - | 1.0 kWh | - | 3.70 rub. per kWh | 98% | 3.78 rubles | Heating, hot water supply (DHW), air conditioning, cooking | ||
| Methane (CH4, temperature boiling point: -161.6 °C) | 39.8 MJ/m³ | 11.1 kWh/m³ | 0.72 kg/m³ | 5.20 rub. per m³ | 94% | 0.50 rub. | |||
| Propane (C3H8, temperature boiling point: -42.1 °C) | 46,34 MJ/kg | 23,63 MJ/l | 12,88 kWh/kg | 6,57 kWh/l | 0.51 kg/l | 18.00 rub. hall | 94% | 2.91 rub. | Heating, hot water supply (DHW), cooking, backup and permanent power supply, autonomous septic tank (sewerage), street infrared heaters, outdoor barbecues, fireplaces, saunas, designer lighting |
| Butane C4H10, temperature boiling point: -0.5 °C) | 47,20 MJ/kg | 27,38 MJ/l | 13,12 kWh/kg | 7,61 kWh/l | 0.58 kg/l | 14.00 rub. hall | 94% | 1.96 rub. | Heating, hot water supply (DHW), cooking, backup and permanent power supply, autonomous septic tank (sewerage), outdoor infrared heaters, outdoor barbecues, fireplaces, saunas, designer lighting |
| propane butane (LPG - liquefied hydrocarbon gas) | 46,8 MJ/kg | 25,3 MJ/l | 13,0 kWh/kg | 7,0 kWh/l | 0.54 kg/l | 16.00 rub. hall | 94% | 2.42 rubles | Heating, hot water supply (DHW), cooking, backup and permanent power supply, autonomous septic tank (sewerage), outdoor infrared heaters, outdoor barbecues, fireplaces, saunas, designer lighting |
| Diesel fuel | 42,7 MJ/kg | 11,9 kWh/kg | 0.85 kg/l | 30.00 rub. per kg | 92% | 2.75 rub. | Heating (heating water and generating electricity are very costly) | ||
| Firewood (birch, humidity - 12%) | 15,0 MJ/kg | 4,2 kWh/kg | 0.47-0.72 kg/dm³ | 3.00 rub. per kg | 90% | 0.80 rub. | Heating (inconvenient to cook food, almost impossible to get hot water) | ||
| Coal | 22,0 MJ/kg | 6,1 kWh/kg | 1200-1500 kg/m³ | 7.70 rub. per kg | 90% | 1.40 rub. | Heating | ||
| MAPP gas (a mixture of liquefied petroleum gas- 56% with methylacetylene-propadiene - 44%) | 89,6 MJ/kg | 24,9 kWh/m³ | 0.1137 kg/dm³ | -R. per m³ | 0% | Heating, hot water supply (DHW), cooking, backup and permanent power supply, autonomous septic tank (sewerage), outdoor infrared heaters, outdoor barbecues, fireplaces, saunas, designer lighting | |||
(Fig. 14.2 - Specific heat of combustion)
According to the table “Specific calorific value of various energy carriers, comparative analysis of costs”, propane-butane (liquefied hydrocarbon gas) is inferior in economic benefits and prospects of using only natural gas (methane). However, attention should be paid to the trend towards an inevitable increase in the cost of main gas, which today is significantly underestimated. Analysts predict an inevitable reorganization of the industry, which will lead to a significant rise in the price of natural gas, perhaps even exceed the cost of diesel fuel.
Thus, liquefied hydrocarbon gas, the cost of which will remain practically unchanged, remains extremely promising - the optimal solution for autonomous gasification systems.
Length and Distance Converter Mass Converter Bulk Solids and Foods Volume Converter Area Converter Volume and Units Converter recipes Temperature Converter Pressure, Stress, Young's Modulus Converter Energy and Work Converter Power Converter Force Converter Time Converter Linear Velocity Converter Flat Angle Thermal Efficiency and Fuel Economy Converter Numerical Number Converter Converter of Information Quantity Units Currency Rates Dimensions women's clothing and footwear Sizes of men's clothing and footwear Angular velocity and rotational speed converter Acceleration converter Angular acceleration converter Density converter Specific volume converter Moment of inertia converter Moment of force converter Torque converter Specific heat of combustion (by mass) Converter of energy density and specific heat of combustion of fuel (by mass) Temperature difference converter Thermal expansion coefficient converter Thermal resistance converter Thermal conductivity converter mass concentration in solution Dynamic (Absolute) Viscosity Converter Kinematic Viscosity Converter Surface Tension Converter Vapor Permeability Converter Water Vapor Flux Density Converter Sound Level Converter Microphone Sensitivity Converter Sound Pressure Level (SPL) converter Resolution converter to computer graphics Frequency and Wavelength Converter Diopter Power and Focal Length Diopter Power and Lens Magnification (×) Electric Charge Converter Linear Charge Density Converter Surface Charge Density Converter Volume Charge Density Converter Electric Current Converter Linear Current Density Converter Surface Current Density Converter Tension Converter electric field Electrostatic Potential and Voltage Converter Electrical Resistance Converter Electrical Resistivity Converter Electrical Conductivity Converter Electrical Conductivity Converter Capacitance Inductance Converter American Wire Gauge Converter Levels in dBm (dBm or dBm), dBV (dBV), Watts, etc. magnetic field strength Magnetic flux converter Magnetic induction converter Radiation. Ionizing Radiation Absorbed Dose Rate Converter Radioactivity. Radioactive Decay Converter Radiation. Exposure Dose Converter Radiation. Absorbed Dose Converter Decimal Prefix Converter Data Transfer Typographic and Image Processing Unit Converter Timber Volume Unit Converter Calculation of Molar Mass Periodic Table of Chemical Elements by D. I. Mendeleev
1 megajoule [MJ] = 1000000 watt second [W s]
Initial value
Converted value
joule gigajoule megajoule kilojoule millijoule microjoule nanojoule picojoule attojoule megaelectronvolt kiloelectronvolt electronvolt millielectronvolt microelectronvolt nanoelectronvolt picoelectronvolt erg gigawatt hour megawatt hour kilowatt hour kilowatt second watt hour watt second newton meter horsepower hour horsepower force (metric) -hour international kilocalorie thermochemical kilocalorie international calorie thermochemical calorie large (food) cal. brit. term. unit (IT) Brit. term. thermal unit mega BTU (IT) ton-hour (refrigeration capacity) ton oil equivalent barrel of oil equivalent (US) gigaton megaton TNT kiloton TNT tonne TNT dyne-centimeter gram-force-meter gram-force-centimeter kilogram-force-centimeter kilogram -force-meter kilopond-meter pound-force-foot pound-force-inch ounce-force-inch ft-pound inch-pound inch-ounce pound-foot therm therm (UEC) therm (US) Hartree energy Gigaton oil equivalent Megaton equivalent oil equivalent of a kilobarrel of oil equivalent of a billion barrels of oil kilogram of trinitrotoluene Planck energy kilogram inverse meter hertz gigahertz terahertz kelvin atomic mass unit
More about energy
General information
Energy is a physical quantity of great importance in chemistry, physics, and biology. Without it, life on earth and movement are impossible. In physics, energy is a measure of the interaction of matter, as a result of which work is performed or there is a transition of one type of energy to another. In the SI system, energy is measured in joules. One joule is equal to the energy expended when moving a body one meter with a force of one newton.
Energy in physics
Kinetic and potential energy
Kinetic energy of a body of mass m moving at a speed v equal to the work done by the force to give the body speed v. Work is defined here as a measure of the action of a force that moves a body a distance s. In other words, it is the energy of a moving body. If the body is at rest, then the energy of such a body is called potential energy. This is the energy needed to keep the body in that state.
For example, when a tennis ball hits a racket in mid-flight, it stops for a moment. This is because the forces of repulsion and gravity cause the ball to freeze in the air. At this point, the ball has potential but no kinetic energy. When the ball bounces off the racket and flies away, it, on the contrary, has kinetic energy. A moving body has both potential and kinetic energy, and one type of energy is converted into another. If, for example, a stone is tossed up, it will begin to slow down during the flight. As this deceleration progresses, kinetic energy is converted into potential energy. This transformation occurs until the supply of kinetic energy runs out. At this moment, the stone will stop and the potential energy will reach its maximum value. After that, it will begin to fall down with acceleration, and the energy conversion will occur in the reverse order. The kinetic energy will reach its maximum when the stone collides with the Earth.
The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy in a closed system is conserved. The energy of the stone in the previous example changes from one form to another, and therefore, although the amount of potential and kinetic energy changes during the flight and fall, the total sum of these two energies remains constant.
Energy production
People have long learned to use energy to solve labor-intensive tasks with the help of technology. Potential and kinetic energy are used to do work, such as moving objects. For example, the energy of the flow of river water has long been used to produce flour in water mills. The more people use technology, such as cars and computers, in their daily lives, the greater the need for energy. Today, most of the energy is generated from non-renewable sources. That is, energy is obtained from fuel extracted from the bowels of the Earth, and it is quickly used, but not renewed with the same speed. Such fuels are, for example, coal, oil and uranium, which are used in nuclear power plants. In recent years, many governments, as well as many international organizations, for example, the UN, consider it a priority to explore the possibilities of obtaining renewable energy from inexhaustible sources using new technologies. Many scientific studies are aimed at obtaining these types of energy at the lowest cost. Currently, sources such as the sun, wind and waves are used to obtain renewable energy.
Energy for household and industrial use is usually converted into electricity using batteries and generators. The first power plants in history generated electricity by burning coal, or using the energy of water in rivers. Later, they learned to use oil, gas, sun and wind to generate energy. Some large enterprises maintain their power plants on the premises, but most of the energy is not produced where it will be used, but in power plants. That's why the main task power engineers - to convert the generated energy into a form that makes it easy to deliver energy to the consumer. This is especially important when expensive or dangerous power generation technologies are used that require constant supervision by specialists, such as hydro and nuclear power. That is why electricity was chosen for domestic and industrial use, as it is easy to transmit with low losses over long distances through power lines.
Electricity is converted from mechanical, thermal and other types of energy. To do this, water, steam, heated gas or air set in motion turbines that rotate generators, where mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. Steam is produced by heating water with heat generated by nuclear reactions or by burning fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are extracted from the bowels of the Earth. These are gas, oil, coal and other combustible materials formed underground. Since their number is limited, they are classified as non-renewable fuels. Renewable energy sources are solar, wind, biomass, ocean energy, and geothermal energy.
In remote areas where there are no power lines, or where there are regular power cuts due to economic or political problems, use portable generators and solar panels. Fossil-fueled generators are especially common in both households and in organizations where electricity is absolutely necessary, such as hospitals. Typically, generators operate on piston engines, in which the energy of the fuel is converted into mechanical energy. Also popular are uninterruptible power devices with powerful batteries that charge when electricity is supplied and give energy during power outages.
Do you find it difficult to translate units of measurement from one language to another? Colleagues are ready to help you. Post a question to TCTerms and within a few minutes you will receive an answer.
The tables present the mass specific heat of combustion of fuel (liquid, solid and gaseous) and some other combustible materials. Fuels such as: coal, firewood, coke, peat, kerosene, oil, alcohol, gasoline, natural gas, etc. are considered.
List of tables:
In an exothermic fuel oxidation reaction, its chemical energy is converted into thermal energy with the release of a certain amount of heat. The emerging thermal energy called the heat of combustion of the fuel. It depends on its chemical composition, humidity and is the main one. The calorific value of fuel, referred to 1 kg of mass or 1 m 3 of volume, forms the mass or volumetric specific calorific value.
The specific heat of combustion of fuel is the amount of heat released during the complete combustion of a unit mass or volume of solid, liquid or gaseous fuel. IN international system units, this value is measured in J / kg or J / m 3.
The specific heat of combustion of a fuel can be determined experimentally or calculated analytically. Experimental methods for determining the calorific value are based on the practical measurement of the amount of heat released during the combustion of fuel, for example, in a calorimeter with a thermostat and a combustion bomb. For fuel with known chemical composition the specific heat of combustion can be determined from Mendeleev's formula.
There are higher and lower specific heats of combustion. The gross calorific value is equal to the maximum amount of heat released during complete combustion of the fuel, taking into account the heat spent on the evaporation of the moisture contained in the fuel. The lower calorific value is less than the higher value by the value of the heat of condensation, which is formed from the moisture of the fuel and the hydrogen of the organic mass, which turns into water during combustion.
To determine fuel quality indicators, as well as in heat engineering calculations usually use the lowest specific heat of combustion, which is the most important thermal and operational characteristic fuel and is shown in the tables below.
Specific heat of combustion of solid fuel (coal, firewood, peat, coke)
The table shows the values of the specific heat of combustion of dry solid fuel in the dimension of MJ/kg. The fuel in the table is arranged by name in alphabetical order.
Of the considered solid fuels, coking coal has the highest calorific value - its specific heat of combustion is 36.3 MJ/kg (or 36.3·10 6 J/kg in SI units). In addition, high calorific value is characteristic coal, anthracite, charcoal and brown coal.
Fuels with low energy efficiency include wood, firewood, gunpowder, freztorf, oil shale. For example, the specific heat of combustion of firewood is 8.4 ... 12.5, and gunpowder - only 3.8 MJ / kg.
| Fuel | |
|---|---|
| Anthracite | 26,8…34,8 |
| Wood pellets (pillets) | 18,5 |
| Firewood dry | 8,4…11 |
| Dry birch firewood | 12,5 |
| gas coke | 26,9 |
| blast-furnace coke | 30,4 |
| semi-coke | 27,3 |
| Powder | 3,8 |
| Slate | 4,6…9 |
| Oil shale | 5,9…15 |
| Solid propellant | 4,2…10,5 |
| Peat | 16,3 |
| fibrous peat | 21,8 |
| Milling peat | 8,1…10,5 |
| Peat crumb | 10,8 |
| Brown coal | 13…25 |
| Brown coal (briquettes) | 20,2 |
| Brown coal (dust) | 25 |
| Donetsk coal | 19,7…24 |
| Charcoal | 31,5…34,4 |
| Coal | 27 |
| Coking coal | 36,3 |
| Kuznetsk coal | 22,8…25,1 |
| Chelyabinsk coal | 12,8 |
| Ekibastuz coal | 16,7 |
| freztorf | 8,1 |
| Slag | 27,5 |
Specific heat of combustion of liquid fuel (alcohol, gasoline, kerosene, oil)
The table of specific heat of combustion of liquid fuel and some other organic liquids is given. It should be noted that fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel and oil are characterized by high heat release during combustion.
The specific heat of combustion of alcohol and acetone is significantly lower than traditional motor fuels. In addition, liquid rocket fuel has a relatively low calorific value and, with the complete combustion of 1 kg of these hydrocarbons, an amount of heat equal to 9.2 and 13.3 MJ, respectively, will be released.
| Fuel | Specific heat of combustion, MJ/kg |
|---|---|
| Acetone | 31,4 |
| Gasoline A-72 (GOST 2084-67) | 44,2 |
| Aviation gasoline B-70 (GOST 1012-72) | 44,1 |
| Gasoline AI-93 (GOST 2084-67) | 43,6 |
| Benzene | 40,6 |
| Winter diesel fuel (GOST 305-73) | 43,6 |
| Summer diesel fuel (GOST 305-73) | 43,4 |
| Liquid propellant (kerosene + liquid oxygen) | 9,2 |
| Aviation kerosene | 42,9 |
| Lighting kerosene (GOST 4753-68) | 43,7 |
| xylene | 43,2 |
| High sulfur fuel oil | 39 |
| Low-sulfur fuel oil | 40,5 |
| Low sulfur fuel oil | 41,7 |
| Sulphurous fuel oil | 39,6 |
| Methyl alcohol (methanol) | 21,1 |
| n-Butyl alcohol | 36,8 |
| Oil | 43,5…46 |
| Oil methane | 21,5 |
| Toluene | 40,9 |
| White spirit (GOST 313452) | 44 |
| ethylene glycol | 13,3 |
| Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) | 30,6 |
Specific heat of combustion of gaseous fuel and combustible gases
A table of the specific heat of combustion of gaseous fuel and some other combustible gases in the dimension of MJ/kg is presented. Of the considered gases, the largest mass specific heat of combustion differs. With the complete combustion of one kilogram of this gas, 119.83 MJ of heat will be released. Also, a fuel such as natural gas has a high calorific value - the specific heat of combustion of natural gas is 41 ... 49 MJ / kg (for pure 50 MJ / kg).
| Fuel | Specific heat of combustion, MJ/kg |
|---|---|
| 1-Butene | 45,3 |
| Ammonia | 18,6 |
| Acetylene | 48,3 |
| Hydrogen | 119,83 |
| Hydrogen, mixture with methane (50% H 2 and 50% CH 4 by mass) | 85 |
| Hydrogen, mixture with methane and carbon monoxide (33-33-33% by mass) | 60 |
| Hydrogen, mixture with carbon monoxide (50% H 2 50% CO 2 by mass) | 65 |
| Blast Furnace Gas | 3 |
| coke oven gas | 38,5 |
| LPG liquefied hydrocarbon gas (propane-butane) | 43,8 |
| Isobutane | 45,6 |
| Methane | 50 |
| n-butane | 45,7 |
| n-Hexane | 45,1 |
| n-Pentane | 45,4 |
| Associated gas | 40,6…43 |
| Natural gas | 41…49 |
| Propadien | 46,3 |
| Propane | 46,3 |
| Propylene | 45,8 |
| Propylene, mixture with hydrogen and carbon monoxide (90%-9%-1% by weight) | 52 |
| Ethane | 47,5 |
| Ethylene | 47,2 |
Specific heat of combustion of some combustible materials
A table is given of the specific heat of combustion of some combustible materials (, wood, paper, plastic, straw, rubber, etc.). It should be noted materials with high heat release during combustion. These materials include: rubber various types, expanded polystyrene (styrofoam), polypropylene and polyethylene.
| Fuel | Specific heat of combustion, MJ/kg |
|---|---|
| Paper | 17,6 |
| Leatherette | 21,5 |
| Wood (bars with a moisture content of 14%) | 13,8 |
| Wood in stacks | 16,6 |
| Oak wood | 19,9 |
| Spruce wood | 20,3 |
| wood green | 6,3 |
| Pine wood | 20,9 |
| Kapron | 31,1 |
| Carbolite products | 26,9 |
| Cardboard | 16,5 |
| Styrene-butadiene rubber SKS-30AR | 43,9 |
| Natural rubber | 44,8 |
| Synthetic rubber | 40,2 |
| Rubber SCS | 43,9 |
| Chloroprene rubber | 28 |
| Polyvinyl chloride linoleum | 14,3 |
| Two-layer polyvinyl chloride linoleum | 17,9 |
| Linoleum polyvinylchloride on a felt basis | 16,6 |
| Linoleum polyvinyl chloride on a warm basis | 17,6 |
| Linoleum polyvinylchloride on a fabric basis | 20,3 |
| Linoleum rubber (relin) | 27,2 |
| Paraffin solid | 11,2 |
| Polyfoam PVC-1 | 19,5 |
| Polyfoam FS-7 | 24,4 |
| Polyfoam FF | 31,4 |
| Expanded polystyrene PSB-S | 41,6 |
| polyurethane foam | 24,3 |
| fibreboard | 20,9 |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) | 20,7 |
| Polycarbonate | 31 |
| Polypropylene | 45,7 |
| Polystyrene | 39 |
| High density polyethylene | 47 |
| Low-pressure polyethylene | 46,7 |
| Rubber | 33,5 |
| Ruberoid | 29,5 |
| Soot channel | 28,3 |
| Hay | 16,7 |
| Straw | 17 |
| Organic glass (plexiglass) | 27,7 |
| Textolite | 20,9 |
| Tol | 16 |
| TNT | 15 |
| Cotton | 17,5 |
| Cellulose | 16,4 |
| Wool and wool fibers | 23,1 |
Sources:
- GOST 147-2013 Solid mineral fuel. Determination of the higher calorific value and calculation of the lower calorific value.
- GOST 21261-91 Petroleum products. Method for determining the gross calorific value and calculating the net calorific value.
- GOST 22667-82 Combustible natural gases. Calculation method for determining the calorific value, relative density and Wobbe number.
- GOST 31369-2008 Natural gas. Calculation of calorific value, density, relative density and Wobbe number based on component composition.
- Zemsky G. T. Flammable properties of inorganic and organic materials: reference book M.: VNIIPO, 2016 - 970 p.
