An increased or decreased temperature in chickens may indicate internal inflammatory processes. Also, this indicator affects the productivity and egg production of the chicken. Therefore, it is necessary to comply with the rules for keeping poultry and to know the body temperature of the chicken in a normal state.

Chicken eggs are genetically programmed to develop normally when incubated by a female hen. Of decisive importance here is the body heat of the mother hen.

Contrary to the opinion of experts, it does not increase, but decreases. In the first week it is 38-39°C, in the last it rises to 40°C.

Normal body temperature of common species of animals and birds

When sick

Chickens are susceptible to many diseases.

The most common are infectious:

• Bronchitis and paralysis;
• Bird flu;
• Coliinfection;
• Atypical plague;
• Pasteurellosis.

The first sign of these and other diseases is the onset of fever, especially if it is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• Lethargy, refusal to eat;
• Discharge of mucus from the eyes and beak;
• Diarrhea.

Monitoring the temperature of the bird will help to diagnose diseases in a timely manner. The temperature of the mother hen is measured with a vaseline-lubricated thermometer, which is carefully inserted into the cloaca. This is the hole through which the birds poop.

Hypothermia and hypothermia in chickens

The peculiarity of the organism of these birds is such that a temperature increase of 0.5 ° C is abnormal and requires the attention of the owner. But this does not always indicate a disease.

Other common reasons why a chicken's body temperature is abnormal are:

• Stress. Chickens quickly get used to the routine, and any major changes in the daily routine and the world around them can cause serious stress. Even a change in diet or transfer to another room can make these birds nervous;
• Heat. If the chicken coop or aviary is more than 30 ° C, the chickens get hot. The processes of heat exchange with the environment do not lead to proper cooling of the body due to the absence of sweat glands in these birds.

Important. Hypothermia is also dangerous, especially for chickens and young animals.

Heat stress occurs, which can lead to death from heat stroke.

Overheating is indicated by the behavior of chickens:

• They open their beak;
• Breathe often
• Lie down on the ground with half-opened wings.

The temperature threshold is 33°C.

These reasons can be easily eliminated with proper care and compliance with the standard requirements for a chicken coop. But if the temperature does not return to normal for more than a day or is increased by more than a degree, this is an occasion for a visit to the veterinarian.

What does temperature depend on?

All living beings normal temperature body depends on internal processes, and is optimal for the metabolism inherent in this species. The more intense it is, the more heat energy is released during the breakdown of substances in the process of cellular nutrition.

The second important factor is temperature. environment, with which the body of a living being constantly exchanges heat. In hot weather, the body will be warmer, in a cold room - colder.

A high temperature in a cow is an indicator that indicates violations in the animal's body. As in humans, its increase indicates the occurrence of an inflammatory process or infection. It is important to understand what temperature is considered elevated in cows and how to measure it correctly. The article will announce the main causes of animal hyperthermia.

Normal body temperature

What are the normal values ​​​​of body temperature in cows and calves, every farmer should know. Early diagnosis of diseases allows you to quickly restore the health of the animal and prevent the development of complications, and sometimes avoid death. Consider at what values ​​of the thermometer an adult is considered healthy.

normal temperature in cows

The rate of metabolic processes in females and males is slightly different. They proceed a little faster in females, so the body temperature in females is slightly higher. It is not possible to determine the presence of deviations from the norm by the skin. The skin of cattle is always cool.

The following indicators of the thermometer are considered to be the normal temperature in cows:

• In males - 38-39 degrees.
• In females - 38-39.5 degrees.

In the evening, a slight excess of these values ​​\u200b\u200bcan be recorded, this is considered the norm.

Important! During gestation and estrus, the body temperature of a cow is always slightly higher than normal.

Calves

Temperature control in calves is very important - newborn animals and individuals under one year of age are at risk of infection more often than adults. Their immunity is very weak. To identify health problems, you need to remember what is the normal temperature for calves:

1. At the age of up to 6 weeks - 39-40.2.
2. Up to 2-2.5 months - 39-40.
3. Up to a year - 38.5-39.8.

Focusing on these values, one can judge the state of health of the calf. If the thermometer rises to 40.5, this is a reason to call the veterinary service.

Other signs of poor health in cows

It is difficult to imagine that in a large farming daily temperature measurements were taken in cows. This process is fraught with inconvenience, so attentive farmers are guided by other signs that indicate deviations in the condition of animals. An increase in temperature can be judged by the behavior of the cow. If the animal does not feel well, note the following:

1. The cow is depressed, looks sad, lethargic.
2. Loses appetite.
3. The gait becomes wobbly.
4. There is muscle tremor.

If you notice something like this, you should measure the temperature. There are many reasons for its increase, we will consider the most common of them below.

Causes of an increase in body temperature

Although the diagnosis of the condition of the animal should be carried out by a veterinarian, farmers still need to have some understanding of the condition of the animal. possible reasons hyperthermia. Like humans, mammals suffer from various ailments. Bacterial and viral infections often provoke the development of inflammatory processes in the body of a cow. Other causes of hyperthermia include the following:

1. Poisoning with poor quality food.
2. Wrong nutrition.
3. Health problems after calving.
4. Diseases of the respiratory system.

Reference. If the cow's body temperature has risen to 41 degrees and above, this indicates an acute course of the disease. The thermometer shows such values ​​​​when viral infections. With sluggish inflammation, the thermometer rises slightly.

poisoning

Poisonous substances can be ingested by livestock - fertilizers for the garden or substances for pest control. If the grazing rules are violated, the animal can eat grass containing poisons or mushrooms. In this case, the cow has an increase in temperature. It may be minor, but it is always accompanied by other symptoms:

1. Upset stomach.
2. General oppression.
3. Inappropriate behaviour.
4. Shaky gait.
5. Sometimes convulsions.

In case of poisoning, you need to act quickly. The main task is to remove toxins from the cow's body. You will need urgent help from the veterinary service.

Reference. A cow can be poisoned even by green potatoes that have been in contact with the sun. Carefully check what the animal eats.

Poor nutrition

Body temperature in cows rises slightly if the animal receives poor nutrition. Rotten root crops, hay or other forage is the source pathogenic bacteria. Having penetrated the stomach and intestines, they begin to multiply and cause inflammation of the mucous membrane of the organs and the digestive tract.

Diseases

Infectious diseases are always accompanied by hyperthermia. When a virus enters the blood of an animal, the body begins an active fight against them. Fever and fever are a protective reaction of the immune system. In addition to diseases caused by viruses, various inflammatory diseases also cause hyperthermia. Consider the diseases of cows, accompanied by a change in temperature indicators:

1. Plague.
2. Leukemia.
3. Leptospirosis.
4. Pneumonia.
5. Various types of mastitis.
6. Endometritis.
7. Brucellosis.
8. FMD.

Reference. In some diseases, the thermometer shows a decrease in the mercury column, for example, with puerperal paresis. This condition is no less dangerous for the animal and cannot be ignored.

Complications after calving

After the birth of the calf, the cow is weakened and prone to the development of various diseases. Often during this period there are complications after calving, accompanied by temperature deviations. These include:

• Maternity paresis (temperature drops).
• Detention of the placenta.
• Injuries of the birth canal and their infection.

Veterinarians recommend daily monitoring of the cow's temperature. Any deviation from the norm indicates the possible onset of the pathological process.. If the placenta is delayed for more than a day, you need to urgently seek veterinary help. Otherwise, the decomposition of the tissue in the uterus of the animal will begin, and after that the infection will spread to the internal organs.

Body temperature measurement

To measure the body temperature of a cow, you can use one of the following devices:

1. Ordinary mercury thermometer.
2. electronic analogue.

Veterinarians recommend taking precautions - a sick animal can butt or kick a person. Before the procedure, the thermometer is treated with alcohol, after the measurement, the device is also disinfected. The tip of the thermometer is generously lubricated with petroleum jelly and gently inserted into the rectum. The mercury thermometer is held for 6-7 minutes before taking readings. An electronic analogue will report reliable data in a minute.

Keeping cattle requires a careful approach to your animals and some knowledge in the field of veterinary medicine. It is important to know what temperature in cows and calves is considered normal, from which it can rise or fall. If you find any significant deviations from the norm (by 1-1.5 degrees), you should contact the veterinary service. Delay can lead to complications of disease and death of animals.

Introduction

Veterinary clinical diagnostics- a science that sets out research methods for recognizing diseases and the condition of sick animals in order to prescribe the necessary therapeutic and preventive measures.

Clinical diagnostics includes three main sections: 1) preliminary acquaintance, observation and examination of a sick animal; 2) the study of the diagnostic value of the symptoms observed in diseases; 3) assessment of the data obtained during the study of a sick animal, as a result of which a diagnosis is made.

A clinical study of sick animals is carried out in separate rooms (arenas), observing personal hygiene. First, animals are fixed using machines or other methods, and then they are examined in a certain sequence, while using the most effective general and special diagnostic methods for a particular case.

Animal research methods are divided into general and special. TO common methods include inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation and measurement of body temperature.

In a general study of the animal, its body temperature is measured, the habitus, the condition of the coat, skin, subcutaneous tissue, lymph nodes and mucous membranes are determined. This often allows you to detect symptoms characteristic of a particular disease.

body temperature in animals

thermometry hypothermia cat fever

Thermometry is of great help in studying the clinic and diagnosing many diseases, as well as in recognizing hidden complications. Temperature readings also play a significant role in assessing the reactivity of the body and the results of therapy.

The internal body temperature in animals is measured in the rectum, and in birds in the cloaca. The temperature of the skin is much lower than inside the body, and varies greatly depending on the amount of heat transfer. In animals, body temperature is measured with a Celsius thermometer.

Body temperature fluctuations in young animals are higher than in adults or old ones, in females it is higher than in males. In mares of middle age, the body temperature is 38.2 0, in stallions - 37.8 0, and in geldings - 38.05 0

The minimum body temperature is observed at night, and the maximum - in the evening.

Limit fluctuations in body temperature

In a calm state of the animal, the indicators of temperature (0C), pulse rate (bpm) and respiration (in 1 min) are examined and are indicated by numbers.

When a dog or cat is cold, they curl up into a ball, thereby reducing the heat transfer surface; when it is hot, animals, on the contrary, take a position in which the heat transfer surface increases to the maximum. This method of physical thermoregulation is not without a person, "curling into a ball" during sleep in a cold room. Of rudimentary importance for humans is the manifestation of physical thermoregulation in the form of a reaction of the skin muscles ("goosebumps").

In animals, this reaction changes the cellularity of the coat and improves the heat-insulating role of wool. Thus, the constancy of body temperature is maintained through the joint action, on the one hand, of the mechanisms that regulate the intensity of metabolism and the heat generation that depends on it (chemical regulation of heat), and on the other hand, the mechanisms that regulate heat transfer (physical regulation of heat).

An indicator of the thermal state of the body of well-nyh. It reflects the ratio of the processes of heat production of the body and its heat exchange with the environment. The body temperature of warm-blooded (homeothermic) women (mammals, birds) is stable and does not depend on the temperature of the environment. In cold-blooded (poikilothermic) women (invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles), the body temperature exceeds the external temperature by 1-2 ° C. environment or equal to it, changes according to the change in temperature ext. environment. T. t. depends on the type of fat, its age (in young animals it is higher), sex, breed, time of day, etc. The norms of body temperature in farm animals, see Table.

Deviation T. t. from the norm is an important indicator of clinical research.

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"ANIMAL BODY TEMPERATURE" in books

Body temperature

author Sokolov Andrey Lvovich

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From the book How to Raise a Healthy and Smart Child. Your baby from A to Z author Shalaeva Galina Petrovna

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What is the temperature of animals?

From the book Animal World author Sitnikov Vitaly Pavlovich

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One of the most important indicators of the well-being of cattle is body temperature. Like most warm-blooded cows, cows are characterized by a certain temperature norm, a deviation from which in one direction or another may indicate possible problems with health. The cause of such conditions must be established by a veterinarian, but the task of the owner is regular monitoring. What are the norms and how to correctly measure the temperature of cattle will be discussed further.

What is the normal body temperature for cattle

The body temperature of mammals depends on the rate of metabolic processes occurring in the body, and is normally within certain limits, the excess of which may indicate any violations.

Important! It should be borne in mind that in some individuals the variant of the norm may differ from the generally accepted one in one direction or another due to individual characteristics organism, but this fact must be confirmed by a veterinarian.

Characteristic of cattle average temperature 37.5–39.5 ° С, but there are differences depending on the sex and age of individuals:

• in cows, 2 months before calving, thermometer readings can reach 38.5–40 ° C - this is the norm. Bulls are characterized by a temperature of 38-39 ° C;
• calves usually have more high temperature than adults - 38.5-40.5 ° C, while as they grow, the indicators may change: up to 6 weeks - 38.5-40.5 ° C, from 6 weeks to 2 months - 38.5-40.2 ° C, from 2 to 12 months - 38.5-39.8 ° C.

How to take a cow's temperature

Measuring the temperature in cows is associated with certain difficulties, so it is worth sticking to general recommendations for carrying out this procedure.

Many mistakenly assume that fever in cattle can be detected by the hot skin of the body or nose, but cows regulate heat exchange by slowing blood flow, and the skin can remain cool even with high thermometer readings.

Did you know?A cow's nose print has a unique pattern, similar to human fingerprints. In the United States, this feature is used when searching for stolen or missing animals.

For measurement, a conventional medical mercury or electronic thermometer can be used. If mercury is used, the measurement time should be at least 10 minutes, electronic gives an answer faster: from 10-15 seconds to 3 minutes, depending on the model.

The measurement is made rectally. Some farmers practice vaginal measurement of cows, but the reliability of the results can be significantly distorted if the female is in heat or she is expecting offspring.

Before the procedure, you need to wash your hands and put on medical gloves, fix the animal so that it does not buck during the measurement.

Before this, the thermometer is thoroughly washed and treated with a disinfectant, then the tip of the device is lubricated with petroleum jelly and carefully inserted into the rectum for a set time, and when using an electronic device, until a sound signal appears.
After the measurement is completed, the thermometer is washed again and disinfected to avoid infecting other animals in the herd.

Important! In the absence of experience with livestock or with increased aggressiveness and anxiety of the cow, it is better to carry out the procedure with an assistant.

Deviations from the norm

Any significant (more than 1-2 degrees) deviation of the cow's body temperature from the norm should alert the owner and become a reason to contact the veterinarian in as soon as possible to establish the cause.

An elevated temperature can be caused by a number of situations:

• violation of the diet and the use of low-quality feed can cause the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines of livestock, which in turn can cause hyperthermia. The solution to the problem lies in the selection of good food and strict adherence to the regimen;
• postpartum complications such as retained placenta, common gynecological diseases in females;
• mastitis, in which it is important to provide udder massage and milking every 2 hours as soon as possible in order to eliminate stagnation. An antibiotic ointment is then prescribed by the veterinarian;
• diseases of an infectious or viral nature (endometritis, plague, pneumonia, and others).

In all cases described, self-treatment is dangerous for the animal and the entire herd. It is necessary to isolate the sick cow and have it examined by a specialist.
It happens that in adult cattle or calves, the body temperature drops below normal. Such a state is hard not to notice: the behavior changes, the animal becomes lethargic and apathetic, may show anxiety, moo plaintively.

Low temperature is not a very common occurrence, however, the causes that cause such a deviation can be life-threatening for the animal:

• poisoning with toxic substances, oddly enough, is accompanied by a decrease in temperature, in contrast to food poisoning, and this is a very alarming symptom. If there is a suspicion that the cattle could have eaten poisonous substances, mushrooms or plants, you should seek veterinary help as soon as possible. May require intensive care measures;
• avitaminosis in young animals is also characterized by hypothermia, it is eliminated by nutrition correction, the introduction of vitamins into the diet, and ensuring sufficient exposure of calves to sunlight;
• hypothermia in calves. Occurs when calves are in a cold room or outdoors for a long time during the cold season. Prevention consists in providing young individuals with a warm room and bedding, eliminating drafts;
• the most dangerous cause of hypothermia is milk fever: a condition associated with paralysis of the pharynx, tongue, legs of a cow. If left untreated, the animal dies within a few days, so it is dangerous to rehabilitate the cow on your own. Qualified veterinary care is required in the first hours of illness.

How to bring down

With hyperthermia, it is important to show the animal to a specialist as soon as possible for a diagnosis. As a rule, treatment is aimed at eliminating the cause of the fever: an ill individual may be prescribed antibiotics, vitamins, and a drinking regimen.

Often in complex therapy, to reduce body temperature and reduce pain, cows are prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with antipyretic effect, for example, the Flunex veterinary drug in a dosage according to the instructions.