Income from champignons. Growing champignons as a business and all the nuances of this process

Mushrooms are on the list of the most popular types of mushrooms. They are distinguished by a special taste and relatively low cost, due to which they are in great demand among buyers. It is quite simple to organize independent cultivation of champignons, and the implementation costs this business quickly pay off.

Business Features and Benefits

Growing champignons for commercial purposes refers to simple species business. Its advantages are:

an easy way to grow mushrooms that does not require effort;
minimum size cash investments at the initial stage;
high yield.

By equipping a plot of only 3 square meters, you can get about 45 kilograms of champignons.

There are about 200 types of champignons. Of these, only two pose a threat to human health: yellow and motley. For home production two-spored champignons, also known as "cultural" mushrooms, are best suited.

Organization of a mushroom growing business involves the use of an industrial method. It will allow you to get a crop of 2 to 4 tons. But this requires a separate section.

This business has practically no disadvantages, while having a whole range of advantages. In the presence of a closed area, it is possible to ensure stable throughout the year. The tax rate for is quite low. There are minimum requirements for the room in which mushrooms will be grown. Resources for the organization of production are available to almost anyone.

Where to begin?

Initially, it is necessary to develop for the cultivation and sale of champignons. It includes the following steps:

approximate size calculations;
business registration;
arrangement of a room for growing mushrooms;
purchase of the necessary equipment and materials;
selection of the most productive types of champignons, and the study of the technology of their cultivation;
search for ways to sell products.

First you need to study the potential market, and calculate the approximate volume of champignons that can be sold. It should also provide possible risks and develop ways to solve them.

Do I need permission to open a business, documents

In accordance with current legislation, a permit to open a business for growing and selling mushrooms is issued if:

phytosanitary certificate;
certificate confirming compliance with GOST;
instructions for placement and transportation of mushroom products;
document on the conduct of radiological control.

Initially, you need to get the status ( individual entrepreneur). Then an application is submitted about the desire to open a production for growing mushrooms. A certificate confirming the payment of the state duty and a personal passport are required.

For growing mushrooms for commercial purposes, you should choose a taxation system (Unified Agricultural Tax).

room

To get a crop of 2 to 4 tons, a plot of 100 square meters is required. To grow mushrooms, you need a special room. It can be bought, rented, or equipped at home if there is enough space.

At the initial stage, renting is best, since it is the cheapest, and if the enterprise turns out to be unprofitable, it will minimize financial losses.

The room should be divided into four sectors with different purposes:

compost production;
pasteurization of compost;
sowing mycelium;
crop cultivation.

A complex of various systems should be installed in the room:

climate control;
communications;
ventilation;
humidifier.

To ensure the stable growth of mushrooms, a certain microclimate should be organized in the room. In the absence of the necessary equipment, the most suitable budget option for this purpose is a greenhouse. If the site already has a similar facility for vegetable seedlings, it can also be used for growing mushrooms from September to February.

Greatest Demand mushrooms are observed in winter, so it is at this time that it is recommended to grow them.

Film and glass greenhouses are suitable for champignons. In them, it is easiest to provide the temperature and humidity necessary for growing mushrooms. Also, for the arrangement of the greenhouse, the use of polycarbonate is allowed. In the greenhouse it is necessary to organize:

gas or electric heating system;
ventilation to eliminate carbon dioxide released by mushrooms;
shelves to increase the amount of grown mushrooms.

Also, mushroom cultivation can be organized in the basement, shed, garage or attic. The requirements are the same as for the greenhouse. But the floor must be cement to reduce the chance of mold. Regardless of the room chosen for the mushrooms, a draft must be excluded. Mushrooms will have enough light used by the owners of the basement for their own convenience.

Equipment and materials

To provide conditions for growing mushrooms indoors, you will need:

ventilation and air conditioning with thermal control;
refrigerator for storing products;
water heaters (for space heating and providing the required humidity indicator);
lighting system.

If the cultivation of champignons is not carried out in a greenhouse, then a solution of bleach is additionally required. This substance disinfects the space of the room, reducing the risk of diseases.

To grow mushrooms, you need to make a substrate consisting of:

straw;
sunflower husks;
non-coniferous sawdust.

Mushrooms are grown in boxes, bags, pallets, on shelves filled with a special substrate.

The most productive varieties of champignons

In the list of the most productive and cultivated varieties of champignons are:

1. Silvan 130- a selective hybrid species, bred by American research, which is characterized by unpretentiousness, high yield and rapid growth.

2. Somycel 512, 608 - a hybrid species bred by French scientists, which is distinguished by a stable and long-term harvest (the disadvantage lies in the requirements for conditions of detention).

3. Houser A15- a variety popular in the American and European markets, which is characterized by a high yield, minimal requirements for various composts, wide hats.

If you plan to grow champignons throughout the year, it is recommended to use an imported species called Horst V1 and V3.

Growing technology

Growing mushrooms involves a simple technology. But inexperienced people will have to take into account a number of subtleties so that the mushrooms do not die. First you need to prepare the room. In addition to installing equipment, cleaning should be carried out using antibacterial detergents.

Purchasing or making compost

Ready-made compost can be purchased at the store, or you can prepare the substrate yourself. To do this, sawdust, sunflower husks and straw are crushed, poured with hot water and cooled. This process is called pasteurization.

You can learn more about how to make your own compost for growing mushrooms by watching this video:

What climatic conditions are needed

The optimal temperature that is suitable for growing mushrooms is 25 degrees Celsius above zero. The minimum humidity indicator is 85%. After the cover soil is filled into the container with mycelium, the temperature gradually drops to +15 degrees Celsius. For this, ventilation is used.

Methods and stages of cultivation

Initially, you need to purchase mycelium. It can be bought at special mushroom growing enterprises, or in stores selling flower and garden products. You can collect mycelium on your own only in the laboratory.

The substrate is loaded into plastic bags, in which the mycelium of champignons is laid. They need to make two-centimeter holes at a distance of 15-20 centimeters. Under suitable climatic conditions, mushrooms will grow at the site of the holes. Also, manure, lime and urea can be used as a substrate. Many people choose to purchase land dedicated to growing flowers.

If the substrate is poured into a tray or box, its thickness should be no more than 23 centimeters. Due to this condition, the likelihood that pathogenic microflora will harm the mycelium is minimized. A five-centimeter layer of grain powder is poured on top of the substrate, which is covered with another layer of substrate of the same thickness. After 2 weeks, the cover soil is poured out, which includes black soil, chalk and peat.

Watering is required periodically. For this, a spray gun is used. It creates an effect similar to rain. If you water the mycelium from a watering can, the mushrooms will not sprout. Mushrooms should not be exposed to direct sunlight - they can harm the crop.

Harvesting

If the planting technology has been used correctly, the first harvest should appear after 2.5 weeks. On average, the duration of the harvest period is 4 months, depending on which type of mushroom was used. High-quality watering can increase this period.

When picking mushrooms, do not cut off the legs. Mushrooms are separated by twisting. After that, the place where the mushroom grew is covered with earth and watered. Thanks to this method, new champignons will sprout in place of the plucked mushroom.

If you follow the technology of growing champignons, you can get up to 8 waves of fruiting. But a full-fledged harvest is observed only from the first to the third wave. In the future, its volume gradually decreases.

Mushrooms can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 2 weeks.

Staff

To grow mushrooms in large volumes, a staff of 3-4 people is required. This number of employees will be enough to harvest from 5 tons per year. Depending on the positions, the staff should consist of workers and a driver. The list of job responsibilities includes:

planting and growing mushrooms;
harvesting;
processing the premises and maintaining the necessary conditions.

The driver is engaged in the delivery of products to points of sale.

Business expenses, approximate calculations

About 3.5 million rubles will be required to organize production for growing champignons. Of which will be spent:

15 thousand rubles - for business registration;
2 million rubles - for the purchase of premises;
200 thousand rubles - for the improvement of the premises for growing mushrooms;
1 million rubles - for the purchase and installation of the necessary equipment;
25 thousand rubles - for the purchase or production of compost;
10 thousand rubles - for the purchase of mycelium;
25 thousand rubles - for the development and implementation of a marketing program.

If, instead of buying, the premises are rented, or production is organized on its own territory, you can save 2 million rubles. To support the business, it is necessary to allocate about 70 thousand rubles a month. From this amount is used:

10 thousand rubles - for payment utilities;
40 thousand rubles - for wages employees (with a staff of 3 people);
12 thousand rubles - to pay taxes;
5 thousand rubles - for the purchase of raw materials;
3 thousand rubles - to pay for transportation costs.

If you work on your own, devoting most of your time to the business, you can save 40 thousand rubles. But, given the amount of work, in this case it is also recommended to hire at least one assistant.

Profitability, how much income you can get

The profitability of this business ranges from 25% to 40%. But initially the income will be minimal. The average cost of 1 kilogram of champignons is 200 rubles. In the first 2 months, production will be unprofitable, since this period will be required to grow the crop.

With a stable increase in the emergence of mushrooms over three years, the yield should increase by 2 tons. The average monthly is about 83 thousand rubles. Including monthly expenses net profit varies from 11 to 40 thousand rubles, depending on whether they will be involved in production additional workers, or not.

In the second year, it will increase to a size of 30 to 70 thousand rubles. For the third year - from 60 to 100 thousand rubles.

Risks

The main risks are pursued by inexperienced people who decide to immediately organize large mushroom plantations. In the absence of experience, there is a high probability that some of the mushrooms will die or not sprout, and the business owner will suffer losses.

But even with experience in this area, there is a risk of death of fungi due to pests and diseases. To minimize this option, the room must be regularly cleaned.

Another risk is related to the search for a market. It must be done in advance. Otherwise, you can grow too a large number of champignons, for the implementation of which there will not be enough buyers.

Growing at home

It is quite difficult to organize the production of champignons for commercial purposes at home. Mushrooms can be grown on the balcony, in the pantry or in a spare room. Such an area will not be enough to get the volume of mushrooms necessary to open your own business. Therefore, growing champignons at home is suitable for those who want to have mushrooms for own needs.

Growing champignons - good way open own business. But this requires a large room and knowledge of the technology of growing mushrooms. Therefore, to begin with, you should undergo training and try to collect a small crop.

Today, more and more people are trying to start their own business, but modern market offers such an abundance of services that it is very difficult to choose a simple but profitable business. One of the new, but very promising areas is the cultivation of mushrooms. Champignon is rightfully considered the most common mushroom in the world. It is used in the cuisine of different nationalities and in the masterpieces of dishes of the best chefs.

History of growing mushrooms as a business

There is a lot of controversy about who first started cultivating champignons, but there is no unanimous opinion. However, it is mentioned that 1000 years ago the first cultivated types of champignons originated in the Italian province. Later, the French began to cultivate them in the 17th century, which is why champignons received the pseudonym "mushrooms of Paris." Since the end of the 17th century, it has been noticed that mushrooms adapt well to greenhouses, basements and semi-basements on compost. In 1731, the French growing technique became widespread in Great Britain. A few years later, the British unanimously shared this information with the States. From about the middle of the 18th century, French mushroom fishing spread throughout the world, including the technology came to Russia.

The history of growing and cultivating mushrooms in our country has existed for more than two hundred years. The publication "Economic store" of 1780 mentions an article by our compatriot, agronomist Bolotov A.T. "Something about champignons". At that time, these mushrooms were cultivated in open ground and in special champignons. Since the middle of the nineteenth century, the Russian gardener Grachev E.A. has been engaged in the industrial cultivation of mushrooms. During this time, breeding and cultivation technology has been constantly improved. In those days, fertilizer overgrown with mycelium or compost from worked-out ridges was used as a planting element. This method growing mushrooms contributed to a variety of diseases, and the yield was low. Over time, a pure culture of mycelium was obtained.

Currently, champignon is cultivated on all continents of the planet, except for Antarctica. Russia lags behind the developed powers and begins to take the first steps in the mushroom industry.

Positive and negative aspects of growing champignons as a business

Like any business, growing champignons has its own secrets and subtleties. The undeniable advantages of the case include:

Low startup;
Possibility of import substitution, due to the low-quality supplied goods from other countries;
The raw material base for cultivation is inexpensive, as they are agricultural waste;
Climatic unpretentiousness, the possibility of growing in apartments, basements, mines;
Under certain conditions - the crop can be harvested all year round;
High profitability of production. Profits will start in 2-3 months.
The need to find markets for manufactured products. Especially irrelevant in small towns.

Basic cultivation and breeding technologies

To date, there are several methods for growing champignons.

in briquettes

The most popular way. The compost is compacted and formed in block tanks that are convenient for transportation. The result is ease of use of the design and high growth rate of champignons.

On the ridges

The mushroom picker is brought into the ground, over polyethylene. This method is the oldest and most famous, but little demanded by gardeners. Special advantages: no need to purchase special tanks, low cost of the method. Cons: the use of manual labor, which reduces the profitability of production, makes harvesting more difficult and increases the possibility of fungal disease.

On shelf structures

A promising technique has become widespread in Holland, which is why it is often called Dutch. The process is similar to breeding on the ridges and differs only correct application space.

In container installations

The soil is poured into containers, and mycelia are planted. This method reduces the risk of disease and simplifies the growth process, but is expensive for tanks. In Russia, the method is almost never used.

In plastic bags

The composition is poured into special bags and placed, hung in a convenient place. The change house is used correctly and well-equipped, and investment in the business is noticeably reduced. When ailments appear, the focus is localized only with a removed bag. The soil is based on specially prepared compost or substrate. Self-preparation of soil is not recommended, there are many risks.

Advertising campaign and market search

Sales of products can be carried out:

Cooperation with trading networks and supermarkets. Wholesale price products will slightly reduce profitability, but will ensure constant sales of products;
Delivery to restaurants and cafes. The best marketing option, as mushrooms are often used in cooking;
Selling products on the market.

Do not forget that having concluded an agreement with the organization for the supply of products, you need to take care of delivery to the destination.

There are various, if properly implemented, they will quickly bring profit.

Many business ideas from America are still new in our country. you can find out about the most interesting of them.

To open your business from scratch, carefully read the article and the recommendations given in it.

Business planning for production

Conjuncture of law

In order for the farm as a business to be legitimate, it is necessary to register individual entrepreneurship. Variation of personal subsidiary farms- it will not work". Conditions are tough. Classification in the tax base - agricultural producer (A.01.12.31.). Taxation is carried out under a single agricultural tax (ESHN), at 6% of net profit.

Implementation of product sales

To sell finished products the following list of documents is required:

Form corresponding to GOST (State All-Union Standard);
Certification documents of the Phytosanitary Service;
Records of documents proving radiological studies;
Guidance document for the storage and transport of fresh produce.

Where to cultivate mushrooms?

Sea of variations. Basements, country houses, outbuildings, abandoned buildings and even your own apartment are well suited for breeding. The required climate and conditions are not difficult to create. The heat component in the room should vary from +12°C to +25°C. The humidity characteristic of the air must be at least 85%. All climatic conditions are perfectly suited to rooms located in basements.

Necessary: electricity supply, water supply and discharge, ventilation system and heating. When a change house is found, repair work should be done and ventilation and heating systems should be installed. It is desirable to make the floor of concrete, and whitewash the walls. The size of the change house should be from 15 squares, where block structures with a substrate can be placed in tiers.

soil for mushrooms

Usually the soil is the substrate: hay, husks, agricultural waste materials. There is also a ready-made composition produced by domestic and import companies. Self-preparation of the substrate is undesirable.

Seedling

The element of sowing is mycelium. When buying this element of sowing, you must familiarize yourself with the license manufacturing enterprise. Mycelium must be of excellent quality, without defects.

Technological process of cultivation

The composition with mycelium is mixed and laid out in reservoir containers, usually in ethylene bags - this is cheap. From below we forge slots - a drain of excess liquid. Mycelium grows through the substrate (compost).

The temperature is maintained at 21-23°C and the humidity is approximately 65%. The cabin needs darkness and excellent ventilation. After three days, we make undercuts in bags - it promotes the germination of mushrooms.

After a couple of weeks, a mycelium will appear and it will be necessary to transfer the bags to another change house with less heating, but the highest humidity. This stage is characterized by prolonged illumination and is at least half a day. If possible, use fluorescent lamps. The fruiting of mushrooms goes through a three-phase cycle. Each phase of mushroom growth lasts up to 7 days, then the bag is disposed of and replaced with a new one.

Business settlement organization

Organization of business is closely related to the concept of funds spent. Depends on many factors: the size of production areas, heating systems, pricing for components.

Consider the income and expenditure components of the mushroom business for one cycle (2 months).

Expenditure part:

Thirty tons of substrate - 20,000 rubles;
Mycelium purchase costs - 10,000 rubles;
Heating and pasteurization costs - 50,000 rubles;
Payment to working personnel - 60,000 rubles;
In total - 140,000 rubles of funds spent.

Income part:

A ton of substrate is equivalent to 200 kilograms of champignons;
For a kilogram of mushrooms they give 100 rubles;
We determine that from 30 tons of substrate we get 600,000 rubles of revenue, and the income from the sale is 460,000 rubles (excluding tax and utilities).

But arithmetic does not take into account initial capital. In an ideal scheme, in order to start a profitable production cycle, you must have:

Change house for pasteurization. Here it is necessary to have steam boilers and an automated steam supply system;
Climatically warm room for mycelium germination: with heating, ventilation and irrigation systems;
Cold change house for breeding champignons with good lighting, heating and ventilation system;
transport component.

These are approximate calculated characteristics of medium-level mushroom farming. The rest depends on the desire and capacity of capital. Before going into the mushroom growing business on a large scale, you first need to focus on small-scale production. It is necessary to avoid mistakes and take a good confident start, which will subsequently lead to pleasant financial prosperity.

In contact with

If you want to grow champignons at home, you first need to ask yourself questions: what is it for and what do you have for this? Indeed, in order to provide a delicious dinner for the family, a few boxes in the basement or beds in the garden will be enough.

But if you decide to organize a large-scale production, you will need not only large, specially equipped premises, but also equipment, machinery, significant material and labor costs, as well as knowledge. Each method of growing champignons has its own nuances, which will be discussed later.

On the beds, in the garden or in the garden

Growing champignons in an open area is not the easiest process, as these mushrooms do not like bright lighting. Therefore, if you want to do mushroom growing in your summer cottage, look for a place in the shade - in the garden under trees, shrubs, in raspberries or behind the house. Above the bed you need to build a canopy to protect the soil from drying out.

Before starting work on the site, you must first prepare compost for growing mushrooms. The simplest recipe is 12 kg of straw, 8 kg of manure or litter. The components are laid in layers in a pile, then the mixture should be watered daily, avoiding drying out. During the preparation time (22-25 days), the compost must be mixed several times.

The soil on the selected bed needs to be fluffed up, mycelium is sown on its surface, covered with a layer of compost 5-7 cm high and watered. In the future, moisten the area as necessary. Before fruiting, you will have to wait 2.5 months. Mushroom yield –12 kg of mushrooms per month from a plot of 1 sq. m. In one place, the mycelium can grow for about five years.

Important! To avoid infection through direct contact with the soil, the compost in the garden can be laid on roofing felt or plastic wrap.

Quite interesting is the cultivation of champignons in the same garden with vegetables. To do this, you need to prepare a bed 1.5 m wide, add manure (cow or horse) to the soil and plant seedlings of zucchini or squash. The beds are covered with a stretched film. Mushroom mycelium is planted when the seedlings take root. Vegetables and mushrooms will develop at the same time.

If you don't know where to get champignon mycelium, or if you want to try to get it yourself, you can try the following method, for which you will need mushrooms collected in the natural environment. They must be removed in such a way that traces of earth and mycelium remain on the legs.

On the site, you need to dig a trench 20-30 cm deep, fill it with a mixture of manure and straw and pour 5-6 cm of forest or garden soil on top. Grind the collected mushrooms with a knife, spread on the prepared surface and cover with a layer of soil. The first mushrooms will appear in a month.
In addition to growing champignons in open areas, with the help of beds in the basement you can also grow mushrooms. With this technology, the beds are placed on the floor covered with plastic wrap. The disadvantages of the method are the large amount of manual labor, the difficulty in cleaning and the high possibility of the spread of diseases and pests. The advantages of the method are minimal economic costs: no need to buy containers and racks.

Important! Mushrooms can become part of the decor in a forest-style garden.

On shelves

The Dutch technology of growing champignons on the shelves involves the presence of special expensive equipment that mechanizes technological process. This method is more suitable for large enterprises. With his help production room can be used more rationally, saving space.

Racks for champignons are the same ridges, only several floors. Blocks or boxes are laid out on numerous shelves. The disadvantages of the method are high equipment costs and the spread of diseases along the horizontal and vertical installation.

Did you know? There are several trends in world mushroom production. The Chinese approach is extensive: due to the many small enterprises with low investment and cheap labor, the result is a production volume of millions of tons. Moderate investment and some manual labor are the foundations of the American and Australian approaches. The highest yields are shown by Dutch enterprises based on large investments and high technologization of processes.

in containers

The container system as a whole is designed not for amateur mushroom growing, but for business. This method is well mastered by large, mostly foreign (America, Canada) enterprises. It requires large investments, almost complete mechanization of processes (filling and unloading compost, applying cover soil) and is economically viable for large production volumes (thousands of tons of products per year).

To grow mushrooms, wooden containers specially treated against mold and fungus are required, in which the substrate for champignons is placed. Different phases of mushroom growth occur in different rooms, which allows you to optimally organize sanitary measures (washing, disinfection) and storage of containers.

However, this method can also be adapted for home use if one or more small containers are used.

Important! For the mechanization of the processes of growing champignons, modern machines and mechanisms: a lift for filling and unloading compost, a conveyor for unloading spent compost and cover soil, a machine for loosening the soil, a sprayer moving between the racks.

in bags

IN Lately well-established method of growing champignons in plastic bags. It requires less investment than a container or shelf system and can be used for small and medium businesses or at home. For this purpose, an equipped vegetable store, a poultry house is suitable. At home, it is more advisable to use bags with a capacity of 25 kg.

Filled and seeded bags are placed at some distance for easy maintenance. Bags can also be arranged in tiers.

Using this method it is easier to eliminate the focus of infection or rot, in which case you can simply close and take out the problematic bag, protecting the entire crop from infection. It is also easy to change bags with spent mycelium. If you build stacked bag racks, you can use the production area much more efficiently (in comparison with the ridges).
The disadvantage of the bag method is that it is difficult to manually fill the bags with compost, but today you can find ready-made bags with compost and mushroom mycelium on sale.

Did you know? Mushrooms are properly harvested by twisting, not cutting. An empty hole should be sprinkled with soil and watered. Before harvesting, wash your hands or use gloves.

In blocks

Many mushroom growers today acquire ready blocks for growing champignons from a pressed substrate. In large industries, manure, seed husks, peat and sawdust are pressed into briquettes.

A significant advantage of the method is the absence of compost production, and large areas are not necessary for growing mushrooms, this can be done even in the country. Since the blocks are fully prepared, it is not necessary to plant champignon mycelium in them, it is already in them at an early stage of overgrowth. The weight of one block ranges from 2.5 to 20 kg.

♦ Capital investments – 950,000 rubles.
♦ Payback – 1 year.

Champignon is one of the favorite mushrooms in different countries because it's tasty, easy to make, affordable, and there's always an abundance of it on supermarket shelves.

According to historians, the discoverers cultural cultivation French peasants became champignons, who, back in the late 1600s, noticed that if adult champignons were washed with water and then poured into the compost heap, periodically watering this area, then a good harvest could be harvested on the compost heap.

Growing champignons as a business took root in England.

There, at the beginning of the 18th century, mushroom farms were organized.

Gradually, this practice began to take root all over the world.

Features of growing champignons as a business

Mushrooms as a business were first discussed in Russia in the 1990s, during a terrible economic crisis.

Then farms for growing these unpretentious mushrooms, organized in abandoned mines, saved more than one village that was on the verge of extinction.

Gradually, the technology of growing champignons began to improve, and other methods of harvesting began to be practiced.

Many entrepreneurs are under the delusion that the farming business is hard and not very profitable.

Industrial cultivation of champignons, although it belongs to the field Agriculture completely breaks these stereotypes.

Growing champignons is definitely profitable, otherwise this market would not have grown by 25% in the previous year alone.

If we take the average data, we see that every Russian eats at least 1.5 kg of mushrooms per year, and this trend, according to experts, will only increase.

All this should lead businessmen looking for a profitable startup to think about what needs to be organized. industrial cultivation champignons and earn on their sale.

Entering this business is quite easy, because you do not need to purchase expensive equipment or rent giant areas in order to grow the first batch of champignons.

Yes, and the technology of growing this mushroom is extremely simple and you do not need to be a certified botanist to master it.

In general, if you are looking for a profitable, promising business that does not require huge financial investments, then this business is just for you.

Advantages and disadvantages of growing champignons as a business

Every businessman who is interested in quick self-sufficiency and good profits for his business needs to calculate the pros and cons before starting to invest in some business.

Growing champignons as a business has several advantages:

You need relatively little money to start a startup.
The mushroom market in Russia has huge holes filled with low-quality imported goods, so you have a chance to gradually build a real mushroom growing empire.
The raw materials for growing these mushrooms are agricultural waste (compost, straw, chicken manure), which can be purchased for a penny.
Mushrooms can be grown in any conditions (in abandoned mines, in the basements of private houses, in bags right in apartments, etc.).
This mushroom bears fruit all year round if the right conditions are created for it.
The market is full of empty niches that you can fill.
This profitable business, which will bring you the first profit just a few months after the launch of the startup

But you need to remember about the main disadvantage of growing champignons as a business, which is the need to find a market for your products.

This may not be so easy, especially in conditions small town, but if you have your own transport, then nothing prevents you from going to the neighboring Big City to sell their products there.

5 ways to grow champignons as a business

The main thing in this business is to get a high percentage of profitability, not productivity.

To achieve this, you need to choose the most suitable system for growing champignons.

There are 5 main methods of growing mushrooms:

Directly on the ground.

You can set up your mushroom growing business right in an empty mine, own greenhouse, basement, etc.
This system is very cheap because you don't have to order special equipment.
One of its main disadvantages is the risk of infection of the mycelium, because the earth is full of different microbes.

Dutch system of growing on shelves.

Such production can be launched, for example, in your barn or garage.
The more shelves you equip, the more harvest you will harvest.
One of the disadvantages of this system is the high cost of arranging a room for growing mushrooms.

In bags.

This is the simplest and most profitable mushroom growing system.
Firstly, you can grow mushrooms in bags even in your own apartment.
Secondly, your mushrooms will be isolated from each other and if you notice signs of infection in any of them, you can simply throw away this bag and save the rest of the crop from infection.

In containers.

If you choose this method, you will need to purchase special, very expensive containers that are treated from the inside with an anti-infection solution.
The system of growing mushrooms in containers can be made fully automated, getting a good harvest and increasing your profit level.

In briquettes.

One of the favorite ways of growing mushrooms among many domestic businessmen.
The purchase price of briquettes is not too expensive, they are easy to transport if you decide to change the cultivation of champignons at home to an industrial scale, and it is easy to protect your crop from diseases.

Growing champignons as a business: advertising campaign and customer search

If you are going to grow champignons on a modest scale only for your own use, then you will not have to worry about advertising and finding customers for your business.

It is a completely different matter if you want to earn good money on mushroom cultivation, then you just need to think about an effective advertising campaign your business.

media in your city.
outdoor advertising.
Promotional printed matter that can be handed out, such as business cards or flyers.
Social networks.
Ads on sites that are frequently visited by people in your area.

Finding markets depends on the size of your business.

If you grow some champignons, then they can be sold among neighbors, friends and acquaintances.

If you are harvesting 100 kg or more, then look for other channels:

Independent sale of mushrooms in the nearest market.
Gradually, you will have regular customers.
Sale of mushrooms to dealers in the markets.
Yes, you will receive less income than if you sold mushrooms yourself, but you will save a lot of time.
Implementation of champignons through grocery stores.
To do this, you need to have all the documents and be a registered entrepreneur.
Tour of offices and state enterprises your city with an offer to buy champignons from you.
If the quality of the products you have grown satisfies your customers, then in the future you will receive regular orders and bring in a specific batch of products.
Sale of goods via the Internet.
To do this, you can make your own website, but it is more profitable to sell through social networks.

Growing champignons as a business: a calendar plan

Starting a mushroom growing business takes time and money, especially if you want to harvest a few tons, and not a couple of tens of kilograms.

For preparatory period(registration, equipment of the premises, purchase of compost with mycelium, search for markets, etc.) you will need at least 5 months.

Stage	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May
Registration
Search for premises, its equipment
Personnel search
Purchase of compost with mycelium
Advertising
First sales

Registration

If your main customers are friends, acquaintances and neighbors, then you should not fool around with the registration procedure.

But those who want to grow champignons on an industrial scale and sell their products through grocery stores should definitely register as an individual entrepreneur or LLC, choose the appropriate form of taxation, and officially employ their employees.

In order to sell your product through supermarkets and grocery stores, you should draw up a number of documents confirming the quality and safety for buyers of your products:

phytosanitary certificate for mushrooms;
a certificate confirming that the champignons you have grown comply with GOST;
radiology protocol.

Also, carefully study the instructions for storing and transporting the products you have grown, so as not to destroy your business due to the fact that low temperature or high humidity led to damage to your product.

room

Again, the size of the premises directly depends on how large-scale the business you want to open.

If we are talking about a small business (you don’t want to grow a lot of champignons), then you can organize a business even at home.

If you want to receive at least 2-4 tons of products per year, then you need to find a room of at least 100 square meters.

It can be a greenhouse, a hangar, an abandoned mine, an industrial building, a warehouse, etc.

You have three options:

Buy land plot and build a building on it that is ideal for growing mushrooms.
Rent a room that is suitable in size and equip it the way you need to open a mushroom growing business.
Buy a property that has already been used for mushroom cultivation.
The load to such a building can go necessary equipment, so you won't have to search for everything you need to set up your business.

It is imperative to equip the room chosen for growing champignons with a heating and ventilation system so that the temperature is stable all year round + 14–16 degrees, and ammonia and other fumes are pulled out of the room by the ventilation system.

In order to convert a small building for growing mushrooms, get ready to allocate about 80,000 rubles.

Equipment

It all depends on which method of growing mushrooms you have chosen for yourself: in bags, containers, blocks, on racks, etc.

If we are talking about growing champignons on an industrial scale, then you will have to divide your premises into several zones and purchase equipment with which you will produce, pasteurize compost, grow mycelium on your own, etc.

If you are aiming for a more modest business, then you can purchase already prepared compost planted with mycelium.

For 10 tons of such compost, you will have to pay about 100,000 rubles.

To equip a room and a mushroom house on 100 squares to a minimum, you will have to spend another 200,000 rubles.

For 300 000 r. you can buy a used "gazelle" for the delivery of products.

If you decide to grow mushrooms on a smaller scale, then the cost of equipment and compost with mycelium will be significantly lower.

Staff

Business is an exciting game in which maximum excitement is combined with a minimum of rules.
Bill Gates

Growing champignons, as a business, is difficult to do alone, especially when it comes to industrial scale.

If you have purchased 10 tons of compost and are going to grow mushrooms on an area of 100 squares, then you will need at least two mushroom growers and one driver to deliver the finished product.

If you are going to sell goods on the market yourself, then hire a seller for this business.

You can save on the seller's rate if you supply products to stores and market sellers.

As for administrative and accounting functions, see for yourself: you can manage the financial and managerial side of the business on your own, do not hire anyone, but if you do not believe in yourself, hire both a manager and an accountant.

The minimum cost for staff salaries will be as follows:

How much money do you need to open a mushroom growing business?

It all depends solely on the scale on which you are going to grow champignons.

If you want to buy just a few bags of compost to grow goodies for yourself, your friends and acquaintances, then 30–40,000 rubles are enough to open a business.

If we are talking about industrial scale, then get ready to collect at least half a million, or better, a million rubles of capital investments:

In addition to the initial investment, you need to have money to service the business (electricity, taxes, staff salaries, etc.), which should be included in the amount prepared for the start, because you will receive income only by collecting and selling the first batch of grown champignons: at least than in 1.5–2 months.

Item of expenses	Number of months	Amount of expenses per month (in rubles)	Total (in rubles)
Total:			250 000 rub.
Premises for rent	2	30 000	60 000
Communal payments	2	20 000	40 000
Staff salary	2	45 000	90 000
Taxes and administrative expenses	2	15 000	30 000
Advertising	2	5 000	10 000
Additional expenses	2	10 000	20 000

That is, to engage in the cultivation of champignons, as a business, on an area of 100 squares in a relatively small locality, you should have about 1,000,000 rubles.

How to grow champignons properly

see in the video:

How much can you earn in a year growing champignons as a business?

If we take the previous indicators (10 tons of compost, 100 squares of area), then we will collect the first crop of 2,000 kg of champignons.

The selling price of one kilogram is about 100 rubles.

That is, our first earnings will be 200,000 rubles.

For a year, an average of 6 crops can be harvested from one mycelium, which will amount to 1,200,000 rubles.

Drop the amount start-up capital and mandatory monthly expenses and you will receive 250,000 rubles. net profit.

Download a ready-made mushroom farming business plan with quality assurance.
The content of the business plan:
1. Privacy
2. Resume
3. Stages of project implementation
4. Characteristics of the object
5. Marketing plan
6. Technical and economic data of the equipment
7. Financial plan
8. Risk assessment
9. Financial and economic justification of investments
10. Conclusions

As you can see growing champignons as a business, is a very lucrative business.

In a year, you will not only return the amount of capital investment of 950,000 rubles, but also earn about a quarter of a million rubles.

Agree, for a start it is good performance.

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Do you want to start a profitable business that does not require large investments? Growing champignons as a business promises a good and stable income.

You can make money on the sale of the most popular type of mushrooms all year round. The demand for champignons in Russia is constant.

With a fairly simple growing technology, after two months you can get the first profit.

Growing champignons is a promising and profitable direction. Benefits of this business:

the ability to quickly recoup the first investment;
stable income at any time of the year;
simple business system;
the possibility of deducting a single tax of 6%, instead of a number of other taxes;
organization of a mini-farm in your own basement, garage, poultry house or other outbuilding;
available ways to acquire mycelium;
establishment of reliable trade routes.

Where to begin?

First, you should start purchasing soil with mycelium, or purchase mycelium and soil separately. These are fundamental factors, the level of which will affect the degree of profitability of the whole business, so you should not save on them. It is better to buy blanks from trusted companies or mushroom farms.

In order to organize a farm that can freely accommodate 30 tons of land, you will need several rooms with total area about 180 - 190 sq. m.

Secondly, you need to find the right place. There are no strict requirements here: you can rent an empty vegetable base or another building with large dimensions. Sometimes even abandoned mines are used for these purposes, but this option is acceptable for large firms. For a small business, at first, your own cellar will do. Being engaged in its arrangement, it is necessary to provide for constant lighting, thermoregulation, a ventilation and irrigation network.

What can be used as soil?

Experienced farmers are engaged in the preparation of multi-component compost on their own, while having the equipment for crushing, mixing and heat treatment components. As a rule, it includes chopped straw, chicken manure, soil, as well as some mineral additives. Novice businessmen are advised to purchase a finished product, since due to a violation of manufacturing technology, the growth of mushrooms will be sluggish and slow, from which production will be unprofitable.

Popular growing technologies

If you do not know how to grow champignons at home, choose a more convenient and suitable technique from those suggested below.

On the ridges. An ancient and relatively inexpensive way. You only need a film and the actual compost, which is poured onto it in an even layer. The whole process needs manual labor. Therefore, savings on equipment are offset by the cost of staff salaries. The disadvantage is the high risk of infection of fungi with bacteria and infections due to the impossibility of high-quality cleaning between rows.
In briquettes. More modern technique, during which the mixture is placed in briquettes, compressing it a little at the same time. The blocks prepared in this way are easily moved and transported. The process of care is slightly simplified.
In containers. A favorite technique of Canadian and American farmers is to place mycelial soil in prepared containers. They can be both plastic and natural, for example, wooden boards treated with an anti-mold compound. In this case, the probability of infection of champignons decreases, the yield of the finished product increases, and the whole process is simplified. The disadvantage is a large amount of investment in the purchase of containers.
On shelves . The Dutch prefer to place compost on multi-storey shelves. At the same time, workers have good access to growing mushrooms, and the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises is also significantly saved.
In bags. If you are familiar with the technology of breeding oyster mushrooms in bags, then this technique will seem familiar to you. The substrate is placed in bags, holes are made for mycelium and hung or placed around the perimeter of the cellar. It is worth noting that the purchase of bags will cost less than containers. Again, the space is used rationally, the risk of infection is minimal.
On automated lines. When planning a large-scale enterprise, one can pay attention to a modern, completely automated method that eliminates the need for manual labor. Expensive equipment independently controls lighting, humidity and temperature, the growth process of champignons.

What initial investment is needed?

Growing champignons as a business will require some initial investment. The volume of investments directly depends on the chosen technology.

You can make approximate calculations based on the materials used in each of them. For growing champignons at home, it is better to refuse to purchase equipment and rent a room, this will significantly reduce the expenditure.

From the moment the soil is filled with mycelium to the end of the harvest, an average of 8-10 weeks pass. This period is called one cycle. Approximate costs for this period for a farm with manual labor and briquette breeding technology will be about 120 thousand rubles:

30 tons of compost - 30 thousand rubles;
payments to personnel - 15 thousand rubles. based on 4 employees;
payment of rent and utilities is a rather individual indicator that varies depending on the geography of the location.

Estimated Profit Calculation

If we imagine ideal conditions that make it possible to obtain 20% of the harvest from the mass of the purchased material, and also to sell it in full at 100 rubles / kg, then the result will be approximately 600 thousand rubles. for 1 cycle.

That is, 30 tons of raw materials will produce 6 tons of champignons worth 100 rubles per 1 kg and will give the specified income without tax deductions, salaries to employees and payments to utilities.

What are the distribution channels?

The success of the enterprise depends on 50% of the well-established methods of selling the goods produced. These are the most common distribution routes.

Independent trade turnover in the agricultural market. In this way, it is possible to provide an acceptable high cost per kg, but at the same time there will be costs for renting a place, a salary for the seller or own time costs.
Sales to wholesalers. You will get the opportunity to sell large quantities, but the price will be below the market.
Sale to supermarkets and restaurants. There is also a possibility of selling a large volume here, but it may be necessary to have a staff unit responsible for interacting with the store administration.

What is needed to complete the activity?

If you decide to engage in the cultivation of champignons for sale on an ongoing basis, it is worth considering that the activity must be formalized properly. The most suitable form of individual entrepreneurship.

For the sale of the manufactured product, the following documents will be required:

special certificate of sanitary service;
declaration of conformity;
protocol of radiological examinations;
Guidelines for the storage and transportation of fresh mushroom products.

The profitability of this idea is undeniable. To acquire special knowledge and skills, information from the Internet will be enough. The payback of a small enterprise is possible in the first cycle, a large automated firm will pay off during the first years of continuous operation. But still, it is better for novice business executives to try their hand at small form, and with the acquisition of experience and the accumulation of funds, it will be possible to think about expanding.