Each properly organized construction must have well-written construction documentation, which, as a rule, includes the development of such documents as a traffic organization project (abbreviated as POD), a construction organization project (abbreviated as POS) and a work execution project (abbreviated as PPR). All these documents are able to ensure the safety of employees during construction and installation work, provide proper organization directly to the construction of the facility itself, as well as to improve the quality of the performed construction works.
Today, due to the fact that construction work has become distinguished by the highest degree of severity, it has become necessary to create and more responsible study of technological and technical solutions that are used in the production of work. That is why the main and most significant document in the system of organizational and technological preparation, the PPR document in construction becomes a free download, which can be found at the end of this article.
This document contains a list of technological rules, requirements for labor protection and safety, and environmental safety as well. On the basis of the project for the production of works, the organization of construction work is carried out, the necessary materials and resources, the timing of the work is determined and possible risks are worked out.
Who develops PPR?
Projects for the production of works for the construction of new structures or for the reconstruction or expansion of any facility are developed by general contracting construction and installation enterprises. If PPRs are ordered by a general contracting or subcontracting construction and installation organization, then they can be developed by design and technology institutes or design organizations.
It should also be noted that sometimes when carrying out large volumes PPR works s are compiled not for the object as a whole, but for any specific type of work, for example, for the installation of prefabricated structures, for excavation, for roofing, etc. Previously, such documents were called work organization projects (abbreviated as POR), but in the current norms of SNiP 12-01-2004 instead of SNiP 3.01.01-85, they are also called PPR with the proviso that these are projects for the production of specific works. When carrying out such certain types works related to general construction, special or installation works. PPRs are developed by companies that are directly involved in this.
The composition of the PPR
- Work schedule;
- Technological maps;
- Construction general plan;
- Schedules for the receipt of building materials, products and equipment at the facility;
- Lists of technological inventory and assembly equipment;
- Schedules for the movement of workers around the facility;
- Solutions for the production of geodetic works;
- Safety solutions;
- Explanatory note, which should contain:
- justification of decisions on the implementation of certain types of work, including those performed in the winter;
- calculations of networks of temporary engineering communications;
- measures that would ensure the safety of materials, products and structures, as well as equipment at the construction site;
- a list of mobile structures with a calculation of the need and justification of the conditions for their location on the construction sites;
- measures to protect these structures from damage, as well as environmental protection measures.
But it should be noted that only 4 documents remain the main ones in the PPR: the construction plan, the calendar plan for the production of works, an explanatory note and a technical map. Let's consider them in more detail.
The key document of the PPR in construction is, of course, the calendar plan for the production of works. The success of the entire project depends to a greater extent on the literacy of its development. In short, the schedule is a model construction industry, which clearly and accurately establishes the sequence and timing of construction work at the facility.
The second most important PPR document remains the construction master plan (or abbreviated stroygenplan). The quality of its preparation primarily determines the reduction of costs for organizing a construction site, which at the same time allows you to create safe working conditions for workers. When developing a construction plan, specialists take into account various ways of organizing a construction site, from which the most rational one is subsequently selected.
Next at least important document PPR is a technological map, which determines the most optimal methods and sequence of performing a particular type of work. In addition, the calculation of labor costs is also carried out here, necessary resources and describes the organization of work. Technological maps, as a rule, include graphic and text documents, which may include workplace schemes, which indicate the scope of work and the boundaries of the sections into which the object is divided. In principle technological maps can be of three types:
- typical without reference to specific objects;
- typical with reference to typical objects;
- individual with reference to a specific project
And the last important element of the PPR can be called an explanatory note, which, as mentioned above, indicates all kinds of labor protection measures, determines the conditions and complexity of construction, justifies the presence of storage facilities and temporary structures, etc. In addition, the explanatory note provides technical and economic indicators of construction.
You can download the PPR for construction.
The main project documents for the organization of construction are the construction production project. PPR is developed for the construction of a separate object, building, structure, the development of PPR is the responsibility of the general contracting construction and installation organization.
The composition includes:
1. Construction master plan of the facility indicating: the boundaries of the construction site;
2. A schedule for the production of works at the facility in the form of a line graph or a network model.
3. Technological or organizational-technological maps for the production of construction and installation works.
4. Statements of the need for construction machines, sets of construction and assembly tools, technological and organizational equipment.
5. Picking lists and schedules for the supply of building structures, products, semi-finished products, assembly units.6. Schedules of construction machines.
7. Statement of need for building materials, designs, details, products.
8. Instructions for geodetic control.
9. Solutions for laying temporary networks.
33. What is design automation? Name the computer-aided design systems used in construction.
Acceleration of the stage of designing buildings and structures, increasing the productivity of designers in construction is facilitated by automation and computerization of design processes, the creation of automation systems design work(CAD). CAD is a human-machine system that allows, by means of input into electronic computers (computers) and machine processing of relevant data and information, to obtain decisions on design issues.
Examples of systems used: CADAD, AutoCAD, ARM POS, ARM PPR,
34. Define the concept of "preparation for construction."
Preparation for construction - a set of interrelated organizational, technical, technological, economic and other measures to create conditions for the timely deployment of construction and the implementation of a highly organized, technically competent progressive production of construction and installation works, ensuring the timely commissioning of construction projects and the achievement of high technical economic indicators construction and construction industry.
35. Name the components of preparation for construction.
Preparation for construction includes:
Providing construction with design and estimate documentation;
Retraction in kind land plot or roads under construction;
Registration of construction financing;
Conclusion of a work contract (contract) for construction;
Registration of permits and permits for the performance of work at the construction site;
Solving issues on the resettlement of persons or organizations from buildings and premises located on the construction site and subject to demolition;
Clearing the development area from afforestation, demolition of existing buildings and communications;
Provision of the development area with access roads, temporary networks, energy, water, heat supply, communication system for the construction period;
Providing household and medical care for workers;
Organization of placing orders and conclusion of contracts for the supply of technological and other equipment, cable products, building structures, finished products and special materials.
36. What are the goals and objectives of preparation for construction?
Goals and objectives of construction preparation -consist in the timely commissioning of facilities and their complexes, as well as the achievement of high economic indicators of construction and production and economic activities of construction organizations and divisions.
37. What is the general organizational and technical preparation for construction?
Organizational and technical preparation for construction includes: providing construction with design and estimate documentation, allotment in kind of a land plot or a route for construction, registration of construction financing, conclusion of a construction contract, registration of permits and permits for work on a construction site, resolution of issues on the resettlement of persons or organizations from buildings and premises located on the site and subject to demolition, the release of buildings from forest plantations, the provision of the site with access roads and temporary communications and means of communication, the provision of household and medical services for workers, the organization of placing orders and the conclusion of contracts for the supply of equipment and building materials.
38. What is the technical preparation for the construction of facilities and their complexes?
Technical training is divided into off-site and on-site. Offsite preparation refers to the construction of large facilities and facilities in undeveloped areas. With this preparation, work is carried out: a production base is being created to provide construction with basic building materials and structures (construction of workshops and installations), cars and railways are being built. roads, supply of electricity, steam, gas, organized water intake. Onsite technical preparation. It consists in carrying out engineering activities to prepare for the production of construction and installation works. In the process of preparation for construction, the construction of roads and communications is being carried out. The following on-site works are carried out: priority geodetic works, vertical leveling of the soil, dewatering, installation of temporary and permanent networks, installation of fencing, site lighting, installation of temporary buildings and structures, organization of dispatching communications, fire prevention measures.
39. What is the technical and technological preparation to the construction industry?
It is a preparation for the implementation of construction and installation work at the facilities. The task is to ensure the implementation of construction and installation works effective ways. The preparation includes a geodetic breakdown of buildings and structures, the choice of technology and methods for the production of construction and installation works, the determination of the main means of mechanization and their installation at the facility, the acquisition of technological equipment, devices for performing work, making decisions on the organization of labor, lighting, organizing warehouses and sites for enlargement assembly, creation of stock for building materials and structures.
40. Name the composition of the organizational and technological documentation developed in preparation for construction and construction production. Show their relationship and continuity.
Documentation content: maps labor processes and technological maps for the performance of work, PPR, POS. The work process maps reflect the methods and implementation, indicating the composition of the working units, the means of lighting used, the methods of working methods, the method and means of monitoring the performance of work. Technological maps reflect the methods and ways of performing construction and installation complexes and their control. Technical cards reflect data on the need for building materials and mechanization. PPR determines the organization of the production of construction and installation works and other works at the facility and its preparation for delivery. The PIC determines the organization of the construction of a complex of objects that make up the enterprise, the development of a residential quarter, a microdistrict, etc.
41. What is the essence of the flow organization of construction production and construction of facilities?
The essence of the flow organization of construction can be understood from the following options for the construction of several identical buildings. At 1st option buildings are erected sequentially one after another - this method is called sequential. Dignity - low intensity of resource consumption. The disadvantage is the long duration of construction. At 2nd option when it is possible to build all buildings at the same time and in parallel to carry out the same work on these objects. This method is parallel. In this case total duration construction is minimal, equal to the duration of the construction of one building. The streaming method of building combines serial and parallel methods of performing work. At the same time, the disadvantages of these methods are smoothed out, while the advantages are preserved. With the flow organization of construction, the process of building a building is divided into private building processes, each of which is completed in an equal period of time. In this case, the work is carried out sequentially, and at the end of the work, the teams move to the next building, i.e. Works are also carried out in parallel after their reversal before the start of work curtailment.
42. What are the fundamental principles of the flow organization of construction and construction production.
The fundamental principles of the flow organization of construction are continuity and rhythm production process erection of buildings and structures, their complexes, construction and installation works.
System normative documents in construction
Departmental building codes
INSTRUCTIONS
for the development of projects for the production of works on the construction of oil and gas pipelines
1. Designed by engineering oil and gas company- All-Russian Research Institute for the construction and operation of pipelines, fuel and energy facilities (JSC "VNIIST") and the closed joint-stock research and development company "NGS-Orgproektekonomika".
2. Agreed:
Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia, letter N 10-03/814 dated 12/16/99;
Gosstroy of Russia, letter N 9-17 / 517 dated 12/28/99;
JSC "AK" Transneft "N 23-01-15 / 173 dated 12/21/99.
3. The instruction was developed on the instructions of the Department of Foreign and Intersectoral Programs and Coordination of Federal Target Projects in the Fuel and Energy Complex of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Russia.
4. Approved and put into effect by order of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Russia N 37 of 04.02.2000.
The developers express their gratitude to the specialists of JSC "Stroytransgaz", JSC "Neftegazspetsstroy", JSC "Neftegazspetsmontazhproekt" and JSC "Centrtruboprovodstroy" for useful comments and suggestions submitted on the first edition of the Instruction.
1 area of use
1.1. This Instruction applies to the construction, reconstruction and expansion of the linear part of the main and field pipelines intended for transportation natural gas, oil and oil products.
1.2. The instruction establishes requirements for the composition, content, procedure for the development, execution, approval and approval of work projects (PPR).
1.3. The instruction should be used by all organizations, regardless of the form of ownership and management, that carry out organizational and technological design and construction of trunk and field pipelines.
1.4. This Instruction was developed to develop and ensure the mandatory requirements of SNiP 3.01.01-85 * "Organization of construction production".
1.5. The requirements of the Instruction may apply to the construction of underwater pipelines (sea, river and offshore).
2. General provisions
2.1. In accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85 * it is prohibited to carry out construction and installation works without an approved project for the production of works. It is not allowed to derogate from the decisions of the project for the production of works (PPR) without written agreement with the organizations that developed and approved it.
2.2. For technically complex structures, pipeline elements or types of work (underwater crossing, air crossing, road crossings, etc.) in part of the PPR separate technological maps are being developed. When constructing long pipelines with a long construction period, an additional PPR is developed for the work of the preparatory period.
2.3. PPR for the construction of the facility is developed by the contracting construction organization. For individual structures and types of work (a set of works for the construction of crossings over large water barriers, electrochemical protection systems, power lines, communication systems, etc.), the WEP is developed by a specialized construction and installation (subcontracting) organization and is included in the consolidated WEP.
The consolidated WEP is approved by the general contractor.
2.4. On the instructions (agreement, contract) of a construction organization, a PPR can be developed by a specialized company selected on a competitive basis and having an appropriate license. At the same time, the PPR is approved by the construction organization that ordered the PPR.
2.5. The starting materials for the development of PPR are:
- terms of reference for the development, indicating the requirements for the WEP in terms of content, the features of the facility under construction, the deadlines for the execution of the WEP; conditions for the production of construction and installation works in the security zones of other communications;
- a structural diagram of a construction organization with a list and characteristics of all departments and services included in it, as well as a list and characteristics of subcontractors involved in the performance of subcontract work;
- working documentation (project);
- conditions for the supply of materials and equipment,
- the presence and characteristics of construction machines and vehicles, technological equipment, quality control devices for work in a construction organization (taking into account additional purchase and rent);
- information on the presence of workers in leading construction professions in a construction organization;
- materials for studying the route in kind of existing roads, sites for unloading and storing materials, etc.,
- working conditions ( shift method, forwarding method, etc.);
- materials of technical inspection of existing facilities during their reconstruction;
- requirements for the implementation of construction and installation work in the conditions of existing facilities (during reconstruction and expansion).
2.6. The WEP is approved by the technical manager (chief engineer, technical director) of the construction and installation organization, and for specialized subcontracting works it is agreed with the general contractor before approval. The WEP for the expansion, reconstruction or technical re-equipment of existing facilities is agreed with the organization operating the facility before approval.
2.7. PPR should be aimed at increasing efficiency and ensuring the required quality of work through the rational organization of preparatory, basic construction and installation, specialized, transport and auxiliary works, the use of advanced technologies, modern machines, technological equipment, quality control devices, industrial structures, parts and assemblies factory-made, the use of packaged supplies of materials and products, advanced forms of labor organization.
2.8. The technical solutions adopted in the PPR should ensure energy and material savings, safe working conditions, minimization of environmental damage, fire and explosion safety.
2.9. Working drawings of temporary buildings and structures (warehouses, sheds, temporary roads, temporary bridges and crossings, etc.), non-standard technological equipment and fixtures are included in the WEP.
2.10. The development of individual technological maps, drawings of temporary buildings and structures, inventory and equipment as part of the PPR is not required, if they are available model documents, information about which is included in the working documentation (project) or in official sources of information.
2.11. The choice of options for general organizational and technological schemes, as well as individual solutions, should be made on the basis of calculations of comparative efficiency in relation to a particular object.
2.12. The development of PPR, as a rule, is carried out using computer technology. The design of the PPR must comply with the requirements of the system project documentation for construction (SPDS, GOST 21.101-93).
2.13. The approved project for the production of works must be transferred directly to the performers of construction and installation works (SU, SMU, production site) 15-20 days before the start of work.
2.14. With the simultaneous construction of multi-line pipelines (two or more) in a common technical corridor (strip), when a common construction flow is organized, the WEP should develop: a general construction general plan, a general transport scheme, a consolidated work schedule (including the sequence of construction of individual pipelines) .
2.15. All organizational and technological decisions must be made in accordance with applicable laws, building codes and regulations and state standards. To calculate the required amount of material, technical and labor resources, industry or production norms for the consumption of materials, norms and prices for labor assessment, labor cost norms are used.
2.16. When developing a PPR for pipelines laid near existing pipelines and other communications (in their buffer zone); it is necessary to provide for methods of performing work and measures that prevent damage to existing facilities and ensure fire and explosion safety.
When working in a protected zone, it is necessary to provide for the functioning of continuous communication with the organization operating these facilities.
2.17. When reconstructing pipelines, it is necessary to take into account the survey data of the technical condition of the reconstructed pipeline and its elements, the conditions for the production of dismantling and construction works (gas contamination, the presence of oil and oil products spills, tightness, etc.); it is necessary to work out the procedure for interaction between the operating and construction organizations in the event of emergencies and reflect it in the PPR.
2.18. When performing work in winter conditions in the PPR, it is necessary to take into account the impact on the technology and organization of work of low temperatures, ice phenomena, snowfall and snow drifts.
2.19. When constructing facilities in the northern (Polar) climatic zone, it is necessary to provide for:
- maximum industrialization of construction;
- use of special equipment;
- measures to combat soil erosion;
- maximum preservation of the tundra mossy cover;
- Adequate to the weather mode of work;
- protection of personnel from harsh weather and blood-sucking insects;
- selection of the optimal season for performing certain types of work,
- insurance reserves of production resources.
2.20. When constructing facilities in mountainous conditions, it is necessary to additionally provide for:
- technical solutions for the preparation of construction production;
- safe methods of work on transverse and longitudinal slopes;
- protection of personnel from rockfall;
- organization of drainage;
- application of special organizational and technological schemes;
- the specifics of work related to landslides, seismicity, etc.,
- special mode of work due to low barometric pressure;
- Measures to combat soil erosion and sediment formation.
2.21. When constructing facilities in desert areas and areas with a particularly hot climate, it is necessary to provide for:
- a special regime of work and rest due to the high daytime air temperature;
- the use of special equipment for sandy conditions;
- application of measures to preserve the vegetation cover of sandy soils in order to avoid erosion.
2.22. When constructing facilities in swampy and flooded areas, it is necessary to provide for:
- measures for dewatering or dewatering;
- construction of technological passages for the passage of construction equipment;
- application of special technological processes;
- the use of special machines and technological equipment.
2.23. During the construction of pipelines in complex natural conditions with new technical solutions (pipes made of new materials, anti-corrosion and heat-insulating coatings, valves, compensators, pile foundations, etc.), as part of the PPR, programs of necessary research, testing and observation are developed, including the organization of stations, ranges, measuring posts and other works, ensuring reliable construction work and subsequent operation of structures.
2.24 In seismically hazardous areas, measures are provided for the safety of personnel, the preservation of the property of workers and the enterprise.
3. The composition of the project for the production of works
3.1. Project for the production of works on full complex works.
3.1.3*. Labour Organization.
________________
The section outlines the forms of labor organization, work and rest regimes, features of labor organization in specific natural and climatic zones
3.1.1. Construction schedule ( line chart production of works) The calendar plan, based on the volume of construction and installation work and construction time, depending on labor costs and the required machine time, determines the duration of the execution various kinds works, taking into account their technological sequence and compatibility in time.
The content of the linear schedule for the production of works is given in Appendix 2.
3.1.2. Stroygenplan. Transport scheme
The construction plan and the transport scheme indicate household and industrial facilities being built for the period of construction (residential towns, production bases), developed quarries of soft soil, sand, crushed stone and gravel, points for receiving and storing goods, cargo delivery routes (Appendix 3).
The section contains master plans for residential camps and production bases, diagrams of points for receiving and storing goods and unloading sites (Appendix 4), the scope of work for the construction of temporary buildings and structures, as well as for the construction and provision of transport scheme facilities.
3.1.3. Material support for construction
The section contains technical requirements for the supplied materials and equipment (GOST, OST, TU), a list of documents accompanying the received materials, products and equipment (passport with technical characteristics and a link to the regulatory documents according to which materials and products are produced, a hygienic certificate of quality, waybill), the procedure for receiving materials and equipment of the contractor, the procedure for transferring the customer's equipment to the contractor, the schedule for the supply of materials and process equipment.
The main part of the section is a statement of the need for basic building materials, products and technological equipment, as well as the schedule for their delivery to construction (indicating the volumes for each point of receipt).
3.1.4. Provision of construction equipment
This section lists technical requirements to construction machines, mechanisms, transport and construction equipment, in particular, their actual compliance with the passports of manufacturing plants in terms of completeness and equipment, the frequency (timing) of scheduled technical inspections and surveys.
The main part of the section is a statement of the need for basic construction machines, mechanisms, transport and construction equipment, as well as a schedule for their delivery to construction.
3.1.5. Providing construction with labor resources
The section provides links to documents that set out the qualification requirements for workers and job descriptions for engineering and technical personnel, a list of documents for machine operators (drivers), certificates for persons working with lifting machines, the procedure for certification of electric welders and other requirements for construction participants is provided.
The main part of the section is a statement of the need for personnel and a schedule for the movement of labor.
3.1.6. Preparatory work
In the project for the production of works, the following should be distinguished: mobilization and preparatory-technological stages of the preparatory period of construction.
For each of these stages, the composition and scope of work, the need for material, technical and workforce, as well as the deadlines for the completion of work used in the preparation calendar plan and linear construction schedule.
3.1.7. Main Line Works
The scope of work performed at the main stage of construction of the linear part of the pipeline includes:
- clearing the construction strip from the forest;
- arrangement of temporary roads, crossings, ramps, strengthening of bridges;
- loading and unloading and transport work, storage of pipes and materials;
- excavation;
- assembly and welding works at the pipe-welding base and on the track;
- bending pipes and sections;
- insulation works,
- laying works;
- ballasting and fixing the pipeline;
- thermal insulation device;
- installation of means of associated heating of the pipeline (oil pipeline, oil product pipeline);
- construction of crossings over natural and artificial obstacles;
- crossing of underground utilities, overhead power lines and LS, work in security zones:
- installation of linear technological units;
- installation of electrochemical protection system;
- construction of technological communication lines;
- installation of a power line;
- cavity cleaning and pipeline testing.
Depending on the conditions of construction, this list may be supplemented by other special types of work (drilling and blasting, dewatering, etc.).
This section of the PPR provides:
- technological sequence of work execution;
- their description;
- a list of regulatory documents, the requirements of which must be observed when performing work;
- links to flow charts and work flow charts provided in the appendix to the PPR;
- description of the types of work not represented by technological maps;
- bill of quantities;
- the number, composition and equipment of teams (links) performing linear work:
- technology for performing work with an indication of the main requirements.
The deadlines for the completion of work are reflected in the calendar plan and the linear construction schedule.
3.1.8. Solutions for energy supply and water and heat supply
In addition to the text part, working drawings and diagrams are developed.
3.1.9. Quality control of works
As part of the GPTR, the organization and technology of quality control performed by the contractor are considered.
Production control is carried out by accredited laboratories in the prescribed manner.
Technical supervision, inspection control are carried out by special services acting in accordance with the powers determined by the regulations on these controlling organizations.
The WEP project should contain requirements for quality control of work, including input, operational and acceptance types of control, as well as the procedure for conducting executive documentation in the production of all types of work.
The name of the processes to be controlled, the subject of control, the modes and scope of control, the instrument and control devices, the responsible executor, the technical criteria for assessing quality and other requirements for the quality and acceptance of work are determined by the relevant section of technological maps on certain types works.
3.1.10. Labour Organization
The section outlines the forms of labor organization, work and rest regimes, features of labor organization in specific natural and climatic zones.
3.1.11. Occupational health and safety
As part of the PPR, safety solutions are provided in the composition determined by SNiP III-4-80 *, SNiP III-42-80 * and other regulatory documents.
3.1.12. Security environment
In accordance with the provisions of regulatory documents governing environmental protection issues, the section provides a list of requirements and measures to prevent and eliminate possible negative impacts on the environment both during the construction period (surface and groundwater pollution by construction waste) and during the operation period (destruction of landscapes, soil erosion, disturbance of natural flows, hydrological regimes of watercourses, and other phenomena).
3.1.14*. Explanatory note
________________
* The numbering corresponds to the original. - Note "CODE".
The explanatory note gives: justification for the choice of methods of work, features of work in winter period, the need for energy resources, a list of temporary buildings and premises, storage conditions for materials.
General safety requirements are set out in the PPR explanatory note, and specific measures are reflected in the relevant section of flow charts for certain types of work.
3.2. Production project for the performance of special types of work
The project of production for the performance of special types of work or the linear part (drilling and blasting, the CS connection unit, combined with the chambers for launching and receiving treatment devices, etc.) is developed in a more abbreviated form and includes:
- Work schedule;
- construction master plan (local);
- technological maps.
3.3. Project for the production of works on preparation period construction
If, by decision of the construction organization, a separate project for the production of work for the preparatory period of construction is developed, then it must contain:
- calendar plan for the production of preparatory work;
- general decisions on the organization of work;
- schedule for preparatory work;
- construction plan of the pipeline route with the cross-sections of the construction strip, indicating the boundaries of the forest, intersections with watercourses and roads, where necessary, crossings and exits, temporary roads and other facilities being built during the preparatory period;
- a scheme of temporary roads indicating the scope of work on their construction, indicating the quarries of local materials; points of acceptance of goods and their storage, distances for the transportation of goods;
- technological maps for certain types of work included in the preparatory period (clearing the route from the forest, removing the fertile soil layer, laying roads and along the route, arranging helipads, building crossings over watercourses, etc.);
- vehicle movement schedule:
- schedule of movement of workers;
- schedule for the receipt of building materials;
- quality control of works;
- safety precautions;
- environmental protection.
4. The content of the work schedule
4.1. The calendar plan for the production of works is presented in tabular form and in the form of a graph.
In tabular form, volumes are given by type of work and resource costs. The form of the table is shown below.
|
Name- |
Scope of work |
labor costs, |
Required machines |
Pro- |
Number of shifts |
Number- |
Qty |
|||
|
Unit |
Quantity |
Nai- |
Number of machines - |
live- |
work- |
ma- |
||||
4.2. Calculation of the number of man-days. and mash.-see. produced according to the indicators indicated in the technological maps.
4.3. A separate table gives the composition of the brigades and their equipment with machines, equipment and devices. The form of the table is shown below.
|
Name of brigades (links) |
Composition of brigades (links) |
Resources |
||
|
profession, rank, number |
Name of machines, equipment and devices |
Quantity |
||
4.4. The number of workers and the amount of resources are given taking into account the insurance reserve.
4.5. The work schedule is given in the form of a cyclogram or a line graph.
The linear graph is recommended for linearly extended objects (linear part of the pipeline, communication line, power line).
On the line graph it is necessary to show: situational plan of the route; the boundaries of the work of teams (links) and the direction of their movement, the dynamics of movement in time and space, taking into account changes in the intensity of development depending on the complexity of the section of the route.
The schedule for the production of work must meet the requirements of the technological sequence of work and their maximum combination in time, synchronization of types of work and optimization of technological backlogs.
4.6. The basis for the development of the work schedule is the construction schedule contained in the section "Organization of construction" of the design documentation or the contract concluded between the customer and the contractor.
usually takes no more than a few minutes. [email protected], we'll figure it out.
The project for the production of works is a specialized documentation that contains technological and organizational solutions regarding construction work with complex installation activities and the use of specialized mechanization tools. In our company, you can order PPR for all types of construction work, the developers are experienced specialists with extensive experience.
Tasks for the development of WEP– search for effective steps to improve the quality and speed of construction, as well as reduce its cost. The presence of this project allows us to guarantee the completion of work on time, ensuring the proper level of labor safety for employees and in compliance with all fire and environmental standards.
Our specialists plan not only relevant events, but also technical regulations their implementation so that all processes on the construction site are optimized and streamlined from the moment work begins on the site.
Initial data for PPR
The PPR prescribes all legislative requirements regarding labor protection, the population and the environment. Their ignorance does not exempt from liability and may cause the suspension of construction work.
This project is the main technological and organizational document, without which it is impossible to start work at the facility. The following initial data are required for preparation:
- task for development with developer's notes;
- project documentation;
- topographic and engineering plan.
The composition and content of the PPR
Structure of the PPR:
- scheduling;
- building plan;
- technological schedules (deliveries of building structures, equipment and materials, routes of movement of workers and mechanisms within the facility);
- layouts of signs with geodetic information;
- explanatory notes.
The last section contains data related to the implementation of geodetic works, construction processes in the winter period and the laying of temporary communications (power supply lines, water and heating mains).
The PPR also regulates the regime of work and rest for employees, contains calculations on the amount of required energy resources, information on the need to build camps for builders and other mobile auxiliary buildings, etc. IN without fail It includes activities for:
- storage of mounting structures, Supplies and equipment at the construction site;
- environmental protection;
- ensuring the safety of all construction processes;
- labor protection.
Organizational and technological documentation
Construction organizational and technological documentation includes:
- schemes for the production of works with detailed description their stages;
- quality control schemes;
- flow charts;
- the main provisions regarding the implementation of installation and construction processes, drawn up as working documentation for standard construction projects for mass use;
- other documents fixing production decisions.
Responsibilities for the development of PPR
Preparation of WEP is the task of the general contractor. If a number of construction and installation processes are carried out by subcontractors, then they develop separate plans that regulate the production of specific specialized stages. Large construction organizations, as a rule, have their own design engineer who has the necessary qualifications for drawing up a PPR. Otherwise, this task is entrusted to individual design companies.
The project for the production of works is approved
Regardless of whether the whole building or its separate part is being erected, the prepared project for the production of works must be approved by the contractor (general contractor). The PPR of subcontracting processes is coordinated with the firms involved in the implementation of each specific series of terms of reference.
If construction is carried out on the territory of an operating enterprise, the project must be signed by its management. The document approved by all parties is sent to the construction site even before the start of all construction and installation work.
Possible consequences in the absence of PPR
Operating legislative norms it is forbidden to carry out any construction work without the availability of a ready and agreed WEP or other specialized technical department. Approved design solutions must be carried out by contractors. The absence or non-compliance with the project is a common reason for the freezing of an object by regulatory authorities and the application of penalties.
Differences between POS and PPR
Both documents are the basis of any construction project However, they are fundamentally different in content and are developed at different stages of preparation for the start of construction. POS is an indispensable part of the package of project documentation, drawn up at the planning stage according to the terms of reference of the customer (developer). The construction organization is engaged in the preparation of the PPR on the basis of the existing working documentation, as well as ready-made and passed the examination of the POS.
The latter, as a rule, is the same for the entire construction site. It combines all organizational, constructive and planning decisions.
WEP can be both general and separate - for specific construction and / or installation works that require the involvement of subcontractors. The differences in it from the content of the PIC do not require mandatory agreement with the general contractor or the design company.
The price for the project for the production of works from 30,000 rubles
The advantage of our services design organization is a great experience in this field, multiplied by the professionalism of employees. Clients are guaranteed comprehensive advice on project preparation.
