Kfh to open on your own. How to apply for a KFH: registration features

Almost every year, interest in farming is growing, and exponentially. This is not at all surprising, because agricultural products are always in demand among numerous buyers. At the same time, the government Russian Federation is trying to introduce numerous innovations into the legislation that help to improve the work of the peasant farm.

For those who decide to engage in agricultural work, and on a serious scale, it is best to choose a peasant farm (peasant farm) to sell their products and grow them. farming). How to open a KFH in 2019 and what are the advantages of this type of business activity, we will analyze further.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Farm Entrepreneurship

Almost every citizen of the Russian Federation and even a foreign citizen who is interested in agricultural work will be able to receive subsidies for farming. But before opening a farm, you should find out what is needed for this event and what are the pros and cons of farming.

Under the peasant farm, such an agricultural enterprise is considered, where the main staff consists of close relatives of the person for whom the KFH is issued. That is, to the question “Is there an individual entrepreneur in the list of those persons who can register their agricultural work on the peasant farm?” The answer will be unequivocal - of course, there is. Conducting work on the analyzed type of entrepreneurial activity, all participants must take part both in the production and in the sale of goods that are grown on land considered as their property.

Farming is gaining more and more attention due to several positive factors, namely:

buyers always buy food, which means that agricultural products are considered the most in demand;
the cost of food products, as statistics show, is constantly growing, so the manufacturer is guaranteed to make a profit;
buyers primarily consider food grown domestic producers, trusting the quality of the goods sold and their environmental friendliness.

Those who have not yet decided which type of entrepreneurial activity to choose should keep in mind that if you register a peasant farm, you can use certain features, for example, take into account the climatic conditions of the place where agricultural products will be grown in the future and so on.

As previously noted, the legislation of our country seeks to support farmers, therefore, it offers first-time registered farmers to take advantage of both regional and federal programs to maintain financial position especially in the early years of doing business. The most convenient way, as experienced farmers note, is to receive subsidies from the Russian Agricultural Bank, since in this financial institution flexible and acceptable conditions for obtaining subsidies are provided.

How to open KFH

To open a KFH, it is not at all necessary to have a qualification. To create a farm, the following features are taken into account:

the citizen for whom the KFH will be registered must be registered as an individual entrepreneur;
both relatives and other persons whose return reaches 16 years old can work in the state of the farm;
all property owned by the company is treated as common.

If it is necessary to expand the staff, then in the KFH it is possible to accept, at the mutual desire of all participants, 5 employees who are not related to the head of the KFH.

What documents are required to open

Citizens who decide to start their work on the peasant farm, first of all, must draw up an agreement in writing, which is redirected to the registering state institutions.

A peasant farm is registered at the place of registration of the future head, employees tax office. To get started, you need to submit the following documentation:

certificate of place permanent residence future head of farming;
an identity document of the person for whom the KFH is registered;
an application that must be drawn up according to the model R 21002;
confirming receipt of payment of the state fee, the amount of which is 800 rubles.

Federal legislation provides for the creation of a KFH by one person. To do this, you need to collect required documents and complete the registration process. How to competently and without loss go through all these stages, you will learn from this article. In conclusion, we will give a sample decision on the creation of a KFH by one person.

If a KFH is created by one person, then a decision on the creation of a KFH is drawn up.

Solution

The document has an arbitrary form, where the decision to create a farm and the scope of its activities are announced. At the very beginning, the date of the decision is written on the right, and the place on the left. The form must contain full information about the person who decided to register the KFH, his passport details and place of registration. The decision must specify all the responsibilities of the KFH. The final phrase is the very decision to conduct state registration.

The document is signed by a single person. You will find a sample solution design.

Registration procedure

To register as a peasant farm, it is necessary to collect documents, submit to the IFTS authorities and receive registration forms.

So, when registering a farm, the following documents are submitted:

The original and a copy of the document proving the identity of the person submitting the documents and his registration.
Document confirming the payment of state duty in the amount of 800 rubles.
The decision to establish a KFH.
(this is the most simple form taxation; if the application is not completed in a timely manner, the farmer is automatically transferred to OSNO).

Within five working days, the IFTS considers the application and makes an appropriate decision. Upon completion of the process, the farmer is given:

Certificate of registration.
Extract.
Certificate of registration with the IFTS.

Now it remains only to receive a letter from the statistical authorities.

After successful registration, you can proceed directly to labor activity. If necessary, you can write a letter to local authorities self-allocation. Federal legislation helps agriculture and regularly passes laws that support this area of activity.

There are several forms of doing business, depending on the type and scale of commercial activity. When starting a business from scratch, many people prefer the design of an IP, as this is a fairly simple and quick procedure. But if a person decides to engage in agricultural activities, he can also register a farm. To understand which is better - individual entrepreneur or peasant farm, and choose optimal shape running a business, you need to understand the intricacies of each of them.

KFH as a type of activity

Peasant farming (KFH) is represented by a group of people who are most often relatives, or for some other reason have joint property and are engaged in agriculture for profit. Members of the KFH are engaged in the production of products, their processing, storage, transportation and sale. A peasant farm can produce any product, but only if it is agricultural: poultry meat, livestock, vegetables, cereals.

If you are going to produce products of a different kind, such a form of business as KFH will not suit you.

What are the benefits

KFH has a number of advantages:

support and privileges from the state;
grace period in taxation;
the possibility of using large land plots, the area of which exceeds 2.5 hectares;
the possibility of obtaining grants under support programs from various foundations;
official registration of employees;
preferential conditions for obtaining loans for the purchase of land and equipment;
in the absence of violations on the part of the legislation, peasant farms are not subject to inspection by commissions from the local government.

Therefore, many rural residents who have sufficient initial capital for the development of agricultural business, they prefer to create a peasant farm.

Disadvantages of KFH

Unfortunately, no form of business is perfect. And KFH has disadvantages, which, however, are not so many:

High costs for registration of a farm in comparison with a conventional IP.
Mandatory use of land for its intended purpose. That is, if your land is intended for growing cultivated plants, you cannot graze livestock on it.
A participant in such a farm can be a member of only one peasant farm.

Agricultural business is characterized by rather long payback periods. And if you want to speed up the process of making a profit, as well as have some guarantees for yourself, you should follow a few recommendations:

What is IP

IP (individual entrepreneur) is an individual, a person who officially issued commercial activity and pays taxes. That is, an entrepreneur does not register a legal entity in order to engage in a certain kind business.

Registration of an IP is a fairly simple procedure that does not require a long time and significant financial costs. Therefore, this way of doing business is suitable for those who want to start their own business from scratch.

Who can establish a KFH

Both a group of people and one person - the head of the KFH - IP can create a KFH. That is, the founder of the farm should already be individual entrepreneur. Therefore, the concepts of KFH and IP are closely related.

If the farm will include more than one person, an agreement must be concluded between the co-owners. This document includes the following sections:

General provisions on the work of the farmer's association.
Information about the head of KFH.
Rights, duties and responsibilities of all members of the KFH.
Rules for entry and exit from the peasant economy.
Regulations on the transfer of personal property to the ownership of KFH.
Distribution of profits from the activities of the economy.

Package of documents for registration

Only one of the members of the society takes part in the design of the KFH - the head of the KFH with the status of an individual entrepreneur. To register, he must collect a package of documents:

A notarized statement on the creation of a peasant farm with the signature of the head of the economy.
Agreement between members of the KFH.
A copy of the passport of the person in whose name the company is registered.
Copies of passports of all members of the household.
TIN of all members of the peasant farm.
Copies of certificates confirming family ties of co-owners.
List of OKVED codes.
Bank details.
Receipt for payment of the fee.

KFH members

As we have already said, the members of the KFH are mainly relatives: spouses, parents and children, sisters with brothers and more distant relatives. Their number in the composition of the farm is not limited. For other people who cannot confirm family ties with the head of the peasant farm, there are 2 rules:

It is possible to accept strangers into society, but only so that their total number does not exceed 5.
The maximum number of different families in a society is 3.

Registration Forms

Previously, it was possible to register a peasant farm as a legal entity, or to stop at an association of people, among which one would have the status of an individual entrepreneur. But in 2003, the Law on KFH was adopted, in which there was no talk of registering a legal entity. Since that time, the heads of communities are required to draw up an IP and submit reports on their own.

In what cases is a legal entity formed?

If you want to run an agricultural business with a large number of partners who are not your relatives, you will not be able to issue a KFH. Registration of IP of one of the participants and hiring others by employment contract does not give guarantees to partners and does not protect their rights. In this case, the best option would be to register an LLC.

IP - head of the KFH

The main advantage of creating a peasant farm is that there is no need to register an enterprise. The main thing is that one of the members of the community has the appropriate status.

The head of a peasant farm is called an individual entrepreneur, and a farming society is opened at the place of his registration.

The head of the KFH performs all organizational work:

acting on behalf of the community;
organizes his work;
signs all necessary documents;
makes transactions with distributors;
hires employees;
maintains all records;
submits reports.

LPH or KFH

The closest form of agricultural activity to peasant farms is private household plots. The difference between personal subsidiary farming and peasant farming is as follows:

The owner of private household plots works informally, he does not need to register as an individual entrepreneur, pay taxes and provide reports.
Owner subsidiary farm cannot issue declarations and quality certificates for its products. Therefore, he makes products more for his own consumption, and not for sale. The activity of the KFH provides mainly for making a profit.
Private household plots for growing crops can use no more than 2.5 hectares of land. While for peasant farms there is no limitation in land resources.
The head of a peasant farm has more chances to get a loan, as he is perceived as an individual entrepreneur, and not a private person.

As you can see, PSP is not a way of doing business; in order to make a profit, it is recommended to create a farm. But, unfortunately, not everyone can afford to buy a large plot of land. Others do not want to live in countryside just to start a family business.

Accounting KFH

Since KFH is not legal entity, head of the community, according to federal law dated December 29, 1995 No. 222-FZ, can keep records according to a simplified system. Financial statements, according to the law, must be kept according to the book of accounting for income and expenses. But different KFHs can differ greatly in their scale. For large farms the most common would be a system of accounts and double entry. It allows you to reflect in detail all business operations and processes.

Tax incentives for peasant farms

After receiving a certificate of registration of a peasant farm, the head of the community must choose a taxation system. Most often, in this case, a single agricultural tax is chosen, in which the community pays 6% of the profit every six months. But for farms there is a grace period for paying taxes, which is 5 years from the date of registration of the IP by the head of the peasant farm. During this period, the economy does not pay taxes, which has a good effect on the payback period of the business.

State support for peasant farms

KFH is one of the few forms of doing business that has received significant support from the state:

Support in lending to agricultural producers. Subsidies are assigned to companies to cover part of the cost of paying the interest rate of the loan.
Financial assistance in the form of grants and one-time assistance for the creation and development of peasant farms.
Property support in the form of transfer of ownership of land plots, non-residential premises, transport, equipment, machinery, inventory and other state property on the basis of a lease agreement on preferential terms.
Fund Compensation social insurance in case of loss of a breadwinner.

Summing up

You have already understood that the concepts of KFH and IP are closely intertwined. But in its purest form, these two types of business have significant differences. For a clear example, we have created a table of differences, which is better - a peasant farm or an individual entrepreneur:

Criterion		Individual entrepreneurship
Number of members of the organization	An unlimited number of people who are related, in other cases - no more than five.	One man
Registration	Only the head of the KFH is registered, but an agreement is required in the case of several co-owners.	Registration of one person with the provision of information about his personality.
Income distribution	Between all members of the society, according to the agreement.	All income belongs to the entrepreneur.
Responsibility	It is distributed among all participants of the KFH, in accordance with the relevant provision in the agreement.	All responsibility lies with the IP. Responsible for personal property.
Privileges	Grace period in taxation, property governmental support, insurance compensation.	Simplified taxation system, reduced insurance premiums, subsidies and subsidies for start-up entrepreneurs.

The advantages of an individual entrepreneur over a peasant farm appear only if you want to run a business on your own. In the case of a family or partnership business, it would be better to register a KFH or LLC so that all business participants have the same rights and guarantees.

KFH - the history of formation and success: Video

Many novice businessmen are sure that there is nothing simpler and more profitable than agriculture: in their opinion, it is enough to plant a few hectares of land with any crop in demand to make a huge profit. In fact, in terms of the complexity of organizing and coordinating production processes, a medium-sized farm approaches an industrial enterprise, and their planning is necessary condition for successful business.

Therefore, it is very difficult to draw up a full-fledged business plan for a farm: in fact, an entrepreneur must develop a separate project for each type of agricultural activity, and then link these documents together and coordinate with each other. Moreover, in the process of work, he will have to take into account such unpredictable values as the average yield, animal productivity, survival rate of young animals and daily feed consumption. Therefore, experienced farmers recommend calculating several scenarios to make sure that the enterprise will have a margin of safety sufficient for a negative combination of circumstances.

Business features

City residents most often imagine a farming business as an enlarged version of a subsidiary farm, in which all possible types of animals run around the yard. poultry, goats, sheep, cows and pigs graze at the same time in the meadow, and any vegetables grow in the beds, from potatoes to eggplants. This opinion is only partly true: indeed, mixed farms are more viable and resistant to changes in the market situation, but their creation requires the involvement of a huge amount of financial and human resources.

Therefore, entrepreneurs starting a farming business from scratch are limited to one or two popular areas, concentrating all their efforts on them. The rest of the activities are of a non-core nature and are more likely to meet personal needs or form a forage base than to make a profit.

However, even in this case, farm work cannot be called easy: animals and plants require constant, sometimes round-the-clock care without holidays, holidays and weekends. Since it is almost impossible to cope with so many tasks alone, entrepreneurs have to look for voluntary or hired assistants. For this reason, small farming business is considered family business: a person who is personally interested in the productivity of his work will work much more efficiently than an outside specialist.

Beginners who do not have experience in agricultural activities often believe that growing plants, like breeding animals, are industries that, in principle, cannot be unprofitable. However, in reality, these types of activities are accompanied by many risks and difficulties - for example, before starting a farming business from scratch, you need to consider that:

Work processes have a pronounced seasonal nature, and the receipt of the first income should not be expected earlier than in 8–9 months;
Yields, market saturation and levels of competition are affected by unpredictable weather factors;
Demand for certain types of products is dictated by fashion trends;
It is impossible to predict an increase or decrease in the level of prices for raw materials, seeds, fuels and lubricants, feed and fertilizers.

It should be understood that it is impossible to form an objective picture of the agro-industrial sector on the basis of shortcomings and risks alone. Therefore, when developing a business plan for the development of a farm, it is also necessary to take into account the presence of the following positive factors:

There are many programs to support the agricultural industry, involving tax incentives, the payment of subsidies and grants, free allocation of land plots, compensation for expenses for the arrangement of peasant farms and the purchase of seed;
With growth market prices the income of the enterprise also increases on products;
Hundreds of different directions are available to a novice entrepreneur, and in some, you can open a farming business with minimal investment;
KFH products are classified as essential goods and are in constant market demand.

Activity registration

Studying, it can be noted that a peasant farm is an analogue of an individual entrepreneur or LLC, which is created by one or more able-bodied citizens for the purpose of producing, processing and selling any agricultural product. Taking into account the family format of the enterprise stipulated by law, it is allowed to include in its composition:

Spouses, their parents or children, brothers and sisters, as well as grandchildren, grandparents from a maximum of three families;
Other able-bodied citizens who are not relatives of the founders of the KFH, in the amount of a maximum of five people.

Future members of the farm must hold a meeting of founders, agree on the charter of the enterprise and choose its head, and also form the authorized capital of the peasant farm by contributing monetary or tangible assets for a total of 10,000 rubles. The result of such a meeting of all participants is the conclusion of an agreement on the establishment of a farm containing such information as:

Passport data of members of the farm;
Decision on the choice of the head of the peasant farm;
Distribution of rights, duties and powers among its members;
The procedure for the formation of common property, the rules for owning and disposing of it;
The order of entry and exit from the association;
Principles of income distribution of the economy.

KFH can be created even by one person, who automatically becomes its head. In this case, the procedure is greatly simplified: due to the absence of other co-owners, it is not necessary to form an authorized capital and conclude an agreement.

How to start a business: a farm is considered legitimate upon the fact of carrying out not only the specified activities, but also the state registration of the SPD. This procedure includes paying the state duty, submitting the agreed package of documents to the Federal Tax Service, registering with the FIU and opening a current account.

Choice of direction

When looking for an idea for a farming business, the state does not in any way restrict the entrepreneur - it is enough to remember that the main features of agriculture are the natural nature of production and the possibility of reusing the resulting product in technological process. Simply put, the cultivation of cucumbers belongs to this category, but their processing and canning no longer. within the framework of the peasant economy:

Cultivation of crops. When choosing specific types of plants, it is necessary to take into account the climatic features of the region, the nature of the soil and the availability of demand in the local market. KFH is most often cultivated:

Cereals and cereals - corn, millet, wheat, rye and barley, sunflower;
Vegetables - tomatoes, cucumbers, beets, cabbage, carrots, potatoes;
Fruits - pears and apples, plums, apricots and peaches, strawberries, melons;
Greens - celery, onion, garlic, lettuce, sorrel, dill, parsley;
Mushrooms - white, oyster mushrooms, champignons, mushrooms.

Animal husbandry and poultry farming. The popularity of the data is due to the demand for meat, milk, eggs, down, wool and hides. The farm can breed:

Birds - chickens, turkeys, ducks, quails, exotic ostriches and peacocks;
Ungulate animals - cows, pigs, goats, bulls, sheep, horses;
Fur animals - rabbits, nutrias, minks, chinchillas;
Fish and crustaceans;
Bees, worms or insects for food.

Related business. When breeding cows, farmers receive additional income from processing milk into cottage cheese, sour cream or butter, and raising animals for meat allows diversifying the range of products with smoked meats, sausages and semi-finished products. You can also consider such a business option as a farm products store: having your own outlet will help build an audience of regular customers and increase demand. The main condition for maintaining the status of a peasant farm in this case is the structural limitation of profits: the share of income from additional activity should not exceed 30% of the total.

To simplify organizational processes, a novice entrepreneur can use one of ready business farm plans or order its development in one of specialized companies. At the same time, the most accessible and popular among beginners are such areas as:

Poultry farming. First of all, we are talking about, whose meat at an affordable price is one of the best in terms of taste, and eggs are used in 80% of recipes for meat dishes and desserts. In addition, for rearing 500–1000 birds, large premises are not needed, and feed consumption does not exceed 100 g per day for each adult;
Pig breeding. With intensive methods, after 7-8 months, the animals reach a marketable weight of 110-120 kg: a small farm for 100-200 heads in this case pays off after the sale of only two or three offspring. At the same time, independent cultivation of grain and vegetables allows you to additionally save on the purchase of feed and increase the profitability of the enterprise;
. This type of business is easy to start with a small herd and gradually increase the number of herds, offering buyers such in-demand products as milk, cheese and wool. Due to the small size and unpretentiousness of animals, it is possible to save on the construction of a farm, and the omnivorous nature of animals allows the use of any food supply;
Sheep breeding. involves making a profit from the sale of wool, lamb, fur and healthy sheep's milk. A significant disadvantage of this type of activity is the need to allocate sufficiently large areas for pastures;
Breeding of cattle. Even a small herd of 5-6 heads allows you to earn up to 30,000 rubles a month on the sale of milk and dairy products. Gobies are successfully grown for meat: already at the age of 12 months, an animal weighing up to 400 kg can be sold for 25-35 thousand rubles;
Vegetable growing. Entrepreneurs who have invested in the construction of heated greenhouse complexes receive three crops annually and pay back millions of investments in less than two years. However, even on the cultivation of garlic in the open field, you can earn about 900 thousand rubles a year.

Lot search

The process of creating an agricultural enterprise begins with the search for a fertile land plot, the size and type of which depend on the chosen type of activity. For example, it does not involve the use of large production areas, while the cultivation of wheat or potatoes is unprofitable on a scale of one or two hectares. To choose the right location for the farm, you need to take into account the following factors:

If it is necessary to deliver over long distances, the cost of production increases significantly, so it is better to look for a site near large cities;
If possible, avoid proximity to industrial enterprises and seek land in areas with good ecological conditions;
A prerequisite is the presence on the site of the possibility of connecting to electrical networks and water supply;
In the asset animal husbandry there should be hay meadows and areas for planting cereals, which will allow you to create your own forage base;
The required pasture area is calculated on the basis of grazing norms for certain types of domestic animals;
The presence of natural reservoirs on the territory of the site allows you to additionally engage in the cultivation of geese or fish breeding;
Complementing the farm with an apiary, it is advisable to locate the hives not far from the main places where honey plants grow.

The amount of expenses for the acquisition of land is limited only financial possibilities entrepreneur - for example, a business plan for a farm may include the following options for obtaining a plot:

Purchase (the cost of land starts from 7,500 rubles per hectare);
Long-term lease (average rate - from 400 rubles per hectare per year);
Free use of municipal lands with subsequent transfer to ownership subject to certain conditions.

Premises and equipment

The next step in setting up a farm is to prepare industrial premises. Of course, plots with ready-made buildings are sometimes found on sale, but their cost is usually frankly overpriced, so an entrepreneur, as part of a business plan for a peasant farm, most often has to provide for the cost of arranging a farm from scratch. Listing the composition and purpose of the main structures, it should be mentioned:

Granaries and vegetable stores;
Silo pits and sheds for storing hay;
manure pits;
Rooms and enclosures for animals and birds;
Utility rooms, repair shops;
Premises for slaughtering and cutting livestock and poultry;
Greenhouse complexes.

The specifics of agricultural work requires the use of certain equipment, which is conditionally divided into two groups: equipment that helps to mechanize labor-intensive production processes, and devices used to provide comfortable conditions for keeping plants and animals. It should be noted that it is impossible to do without equipment at all: even such simple business, as, requires the purchase of incubators, brooders and cell batteries for chicks. In general, the farm can find application:

Tractor with a full set of attachments;
Freight car;
Diesel power station;
Irrigation system with pumps;
Special lighting fixtures;
Heating system with gas or solid fuel stoves;
Ventilation systems for farms and greenhouses;
Refrigerators for vegetables, fruit and meat;
Drinkers, feeders, water tanks;
Feed preparation devices - grain crushers, feed cutters;
Standard agricultural tools.

Heavy equipment can be rented at the initial stage, and as the business develops, potato and grain harvesters, harrows, mowers, and cultivators can be gradually acquired.

Staff

Most aspiring entrepreneurs at the start prefer to manage on their own and with the help of family members. However, as the enterprise develops, the volume of current tasks increases significantly, as a result of which there is a need to attract not only qualified specialists but also the working staff. For example, a business plan for a peasant farm specializing in animal husbandry and crop production should provide for the search and hiring of:

Agrotechnics, whose responsibilities include planning sowing and harvesting, monitoring compliance with the technology of growing plants;
Animal husbandry, which makes up the diet and norms of feeding animals, controlling the conditions of their maintenance and breeding;
Veterinarian for monitoring the health of animals and birds, vaccination and treatment, as well as for discharge accompanying documents for products;
Butcher, engaged in slaughtering cattle and butchering carcasses;
Accountant conducting financial operations at the enterprise;
Drivers, combine operators, field workers, milkmaids.

Marketing methods

After harvesting, the farmer has to solve a less difficult task: to look for quick and profitable ways to sell his products, which, given the short shelf life, sometimes turns into a real problem.

Depending on the volume of production of peasant farms, you can choose retail or wholesale distribution channels. The first ones include:

Weekend fairs. Special events, the fashion for which has appeared in the capital, gather a huge number of citizens and entrepreneurs. Here you can sell any agricultural products, with the exception of home-made meat and dairy products;
Food markets. Many buyers are convinced that the markets sell better and more natural products than supermarkets. With small and medium production volumes, farmers rent one or more points here, hire distributors and bring fresh goods daily;
Own outlets. The presence of a large city within reach makes one think about the advisability of developing a business plan for a farm products store and consider opening your own vegetable pavilion here or butcher shop. In such outlets, you can sell not only your own goods, but also the products of other peasant farms.

It is much easier to sell meat, milk or vegetables in bulk, since in this case the farmer does not have to spend time and resources on such non-core activities as finding a place to trade, obtaining permits and selecting sellers. The only disadvantage of this method is price policy purchasers: in order to interest contractors, an entrepreneur is forced to provide them with a discount of 25-35% percent, which is not always justified for farms with low profitability.

The main wholesale customers of KFH are resellers, retail chains, supermarkets and catering establishments. In addition, you can regularly sell sufficiently large volumes of products using such distribution channels as:

Specialized exhibitions. Such events are often attended by intermediaries, representatives of wholesale companies and processing enterprises in search of new partners, therefore, a high-quality presentation of their products and farming opportunities will make it possible to conclude profitable long-term contracts;
State and commercial tenders. The search for suppliers on a competitive basis is carried out by government, educational and medical institutions, as well as processing plants. To win the tender, the entrepreneur must guarantee the regular supply of the agreed quantity of products of the required quality at a competitive price;
wholesale markets. You can also find customers at wholesale food markets and vegetable bases. Some farmers rent their own warehouse here, others sell their goods to local dealers;
Electronic platforms. There are many on the Internet trading floors, where not only farmers, but also suppliers of fertilizers, seeds, and equipment post their offers. Such electronic exchanges allow you to quickly find counterparties with the most advantageous offers.

Investments and income

Other equal conditions mixed farms have certain advantages over specialized farms: even if demand for one type of product falls, they avoid significant losses by selling other products. However, to create such large enterprise no less large investments will be required, therefore, for start-up entrepreneurs, the best way for development will be the implementation of two or three of the most popular business ideas with a phased coverage of related areas in the future.

In the process of designing an agricultural enterprise and determining the scale of investments, it is also necessary to take into account that the farmer will receive the first profit in the best case in 5-10 months. Thus, he will not only have to purchase equipment, seed and young animals, but also constantly buy additional fertilizers, feed, fuel throughout the season, pay for public utilities. Summarizing the above, you can make a list of farm expenses:

Land acquisition and construction works;
Purchase of equipment and agricultural machinery;
Ordering seed or young stock;
Payment for the supply of feed, fuel and fertilizers;
staff salaries;
Rental of heavy equipment (if necessary);
Payment of utility services;
tax payments;
Marketing expenses;
Product certification.

Thus, the cost of creating medium-sized peasant farms from scratch reaches 7–10 million rubles. To reduce this amount, some entrepreneurs start by buying a small plot of 25-40 acres in rural areas, on which residential and outbuildings have already been erected. Using this area, you can open the following types of business:

Types of agricultural business

Direction	Investments, rub.	Profit, rub.	Payback period
Beekeeping	350000	600,000 per year	8 months
Pig breeding	600000	450,000 per year	18 months
Crayfish breeding	550000	450,000 per year	15 months
Breeding rabbits	1800000	500,000 per year	36 months
Breeding nutria	200000	250000 per year	12 months
Goose breeding	380000	600,000 per year	12 months
Chicken breeding	650000	450,000 per year	18 months
Guinea fowl breeding	300000	270,000 per year	12 months
Quail breeding	450000	75000 per month	6 months
Breeding turkeys	550000	600,000 per year	12 months
Growing cucumbers	1200000	600,000 per year	24 months
Growing champignons	850000	75000 per month	11 months
Oyster mushroom cultivation	250000	30000 per month	9 months
Growing garlic	150000	900000 per year	12 months
Growing vegetables	400000	510000 per year	12 months
Growing green onions	280000	150000 per year	24 months
Growing potatoes	700000	350000 per year	36 months

Conclusion

Many enterprising people try their hand at areas close to agriculture: some are engaged, others arrange a greenhouse in their own apartment and sell houseplants, others acquire summer cottages and plant garlic or herbs there. In such a situation, a gradual transition to full-fledged farming is logical.

However, it is impossible to hurry in this matter: despite the high profitability, such a business is sensitive to mistakes and miscalculations of beginners: it is enough to purchase seeds of dubious quality or use the wrong fertilizers to lose the entire crop. Therefore, only a combination of theoretical knowledge and practical experience will help an entrepreneur create a successful farm.

The organization of a peasant farm begins with the development of a clear business plan. Working on the ground is a very costly business. And in order to become one of those who profit from the land, you need a lot of start-up capital. The future landowner is required to have good knowledge in his chosen field. Be sure to be confident in your abilities, and regard the difficulties in the first steps as temporary. If the goal is to succeed and make his business prosperous in the village, he must know what awaits him and what obstacles lie in wait on the path to prosperity.

Many consider farming a profitable business. In principle, this may be true. But only if you put a lot of effort and investment.

First of all, you need to choose what the future farm will do, develop a clear business plan. Farming and animal husbandry are different industries. But with a rational approach, they can be combined.

How to start farming, what you need to know

If the property will be based on agriculture, it is worth taking care to have enough land. Quite a few important role technology plays. If the owner has the necessary amount, it can be purchased. If not, there are special companies that provide equipment for hire.

Raising livestock also requires a large area of land. If we are talking about cattle, you will need an area for grazing. Of course, rabbits and laying hens can be arranged in a small area. It all depends solely on the plans and requests of the farmer.

If there is initial capital, production is easier to set up. But what about an ordinary, average resident of the country, who simply decided for himself “I want to become a farmer” and dreams of how to organize a small farm from scratch.

Where to start farming in Russia, when state farms and collective farms have collapsed, and new firms are not created very often. The only way is to use state support. The authorities are doing their best to support those who wish to create a personal farm. Entire programs and tax incentives have been created to help beginners in this field get on their feet.

LPH or KFH?

If a small plot of land is already available, then it is better to start from private household plots - personal subsidiary plots. It does not require registration as an individual entrepreneur, tax code benefits are provided, there is no need to submit regular reports and tax payments are not as high as for entrepreneurs. But this is provided that the farmer owns no more than 2.5 hectares of land. The disadvantage of private household plots is that sales markets are limited for it, since it does not provide for the issuance of certificates and declarations of conformity.

If the farmer plans to actively develop his activities, then it is better to issue a KFH - a peasant farm. It involves the use of land in large volumes, expanding possible markets sales. You can take a loan from almost any bank for your development. While banks are not particularly willing to work with private household plots. Another plus is that you can officially provide jobs to both your family members and employees. Tax benefits are also provided for peasant farms: during the first five years, income is not subject to taxation, and from the sixth year you can use patents, ESHN, USNO.

Branches for breeding

If we talk about animal husbandry, then the most popular today are pig farms. Breeding cattle, goats, rabbits, horses is also considered a profitable business. It is important to remember that animals have their own distinctive features and content specifics. Pasture is provided for cows and goats, rabbits need careful care and a variety of green fodder, horse breeding requires a large area for walking. A pig farm can be located on a relatively small piece of land. There is no need for large stocks of hay and straw, as modern technologies went much further than it was in the last century.

If properly and rationally organized pig farm, you can already make a profit in the first years of your activity.

Another promising industry is fish farming. It has its own specifics, since the breeding of the most popular fish, such as carp, sturgeon, silver carp, pike, catfish, provides for the presence of several reservoirs. Reservoirs can be officially leased from the state, or purchased if there is such a financial opportunity.

Poultry farming can also be classified as a promising area. Laying hens are raised for a large number eggs, Broiler chickens are popular due to their fast growth and the large amount of meat that can be obtained in a fairly short time. Ducks, geese, turkeys are grown much longer, but their meat is more valuable and nutritious and is also in demand among consumers. For lovers of the exotic, it will be interesting to breed ostriches and pheasants. Their meat is not very popular among the general population, as it goes beyond the affordable price range. However, these birds are designed for a wealthy consumer.

Another industry that has always been and will be popular is beekeeping. It does not require a lot of land and work force. A few workers are enough to serve more than 100 bee colonies.

Each animal has its own specific content. It is important to study the full information about the proper care of animals, fish or bees. What are the conditions for their living, what kind of feed should be prepared, to study possible diseases and their prevention. Only a responsible approach guarantees a positive result and business prosperity.

What can be grown

There are a lot of crops that are suitable for growing on an agricultural plot. When choosing them, it is worth starting from what latitude it is planned to grow crops, what conditions of care and watering they require.

If the owner has a small amount of land, the following crops will do:

Potato
Carrot
Cabbage
Tomatoes
cucumbers

Growing parsley, dill, garlic also does not require large land plots. Onions can be grown both for greenery and to full maturity.

Growing crops is advisable if the estate has more than one hectare of land, and also has its own processing equipment, or finances for hiring it. Wheat, barley, corn, sunflower, buckwheat, millet are very popular. Special attention should be given to the seeds that will be used for sowing.

What type of activity can be chosen additionally

Each main activity unlimited possibilities choosing another source of income. Animal husbandry makes it possible to engage in the production of finished meat products: stews, sausages, meat products. Cows and goats give not only meat products but also dairy products.

Farming allows you to open the production of flour, cereals, and even a bakery.

If the agricultural holding has additional resources, then it is possible over time to combine animal husbandry, for example, raising pigs, and growing crops, or beets, pumpkins. This will provide animals with food and save on its purchase.

Registration of entrepreneurial activity

The main law that determines the creation of a farm "On a peasant (farm) economy" No. 74-FZ of 11.06.2003 (amendments of 12.28.2010 N 420-FZ). It is on him that everyone who decides to create their own farm and are looking for where to start should be guided.

According to the laws of the Russian Federation, any capable citizen of the country can create a peasant farm. Members may be relatives of the owner, as well as other persons, while the total number should not exceed five people. If a farm holding is created by several people, Article 4 of this law provides for the conclusion of an agreement on joint activities.

The procedure for registering a peasant farm is described in detail in article 5 of this law.

How to become a farmer and where to start? To do this, you have to go through a number of mandatory procedures:

Pay the state duty
Visit a notary and certify an application for registration
Provide a complete package of documents to the IFTS. What exactly will be required, they will prompt in this state structure.
After the registration documents are in the hands of the owner, you need to register with the Funds, receive a letter from Rosstat with statistics codes.

The final step is to open an official bank account.

Start-up capital and investments

When a person has the question “I want to start farming, where should I start?”, The first thing we advise is to take care of the question of where to get money for development.

Sources to get start-up capital several can be distinguished:

Loan from the state
Loan from private banks
Become a member of the agro-industrial complex development program to receive a loan from the state.
Own finances

To become a member of the AIC program, you need to go through a rather dreary procedure upon obtaining documents and providing guarantors. You can get a loan from a bank easier, but the interest can be much higher than if you were looking for help in state structures. If you have your own savings, this greatly simplifies the whole process. But unfortunately, not everyone who gets excited about creating a personal business in the countryside can boast of a large bank account.

Another source of additional finance can be called investments. The main thing is to prove your prospects and solvency to potential investors.

Markets

If a small farm is organized from scratch, you need to carefully study consumer requests, and those directions where you can later sell the goods. Since the products generally spoil quickly, a very important role is given to the search for a permanent consumer.

The agricultural market has a big drawback - high competition. You can sell products on it yourself, but in small quantities. But for those who do not want to stop there, this option is not entirely suitable.

In order to arrange deliveries to large outlets such as restaurants, supermarkets, specialized outlets, it is imperative to have quality certificates for each product.

Small farmers often sell their products to resellers, which has a detrimental effect on their profits, since the price in this case is much lower than that of a direct buyer. But find a direct way to major buyer can only be a farmer with extensive experience in the industry.

Another way to implement own product production can be called the association of several farms in order to sell their goods abroad. Prices in this market are much higher than in the domestic market, but it is often quite difficult for an ordinary manufacturer to get there.

From this we can conclude that it is not enough to organize business in the village, it is important to find regular customer and the buyer for the product. Only in this case you can get profit and not be disappointed in your own endeavors.

Advantages and disadvantages of a farm business

Farm business, like any other, has its advantages and pitfalls. It is better to familiarize yourself with the perceived risk initially than to invest money and not get the desired profit. If there is a desire, you can reach heights.

Farming Benefits:

little competition. More and more people prefer to look for a way to improve their life in the city. The village is not popular.
environmentally friendly products. The manufacturer himself knows what he grows and what he invests in his production.

Important Criteria that should be taken into account:

knowledge and experience are essential components for starting your own business
high financial costs at the first stage
risk associated with force majeure (crop failure, pestilence among livestock)
heavy physical work

We wish good luck to all novice farmers!