At what age are broilers vaccinated. Self-vaccination of chickens

Optimal timing of vaccination:

From Newsuckle's disease, the drug is administered three times: at the age of one day, at 30 days and at 60 days. Approximately on the hundredth day of life, an inactivated vaccine is given.

• From SARS: at the age of 16-20 weeks.
• From salmonellosis: day - 16 weeks.
• From infectious bronchitis: 16-20 weeks.

Visually, the timing of vaccination is shown in the table:

Here are some ways you can protect your chicks from death.

Content:

Experienced farmers and livestock breeders know perfectly well that the only effective way to protect poultry, farm animals from infections, viral and bacterial diseases - timely vaccination. By adhering to the preventive immunization scheme established by the veterinarian, you can grow a healthy, strong chicken stock and thereby avoid financial losses. It is worth noting that most infectious diseases are deadly for small chickens, adult poultry. Even if one chick or hen is infected with viruses, protozoa, bacteria, the entire chicken herd can become infected. Vaccinations for chickens, chickens can be done independently at home. Having no experience, we recommend inviting a veterinarian who will vaccinate feathered wards.

Why do you need to vaccinate chickens, an adult bird

Throughout their lives, hens, especially small chicks, chicks of other poultry can become infected various types pathogenic flora - bacteria, fungi, protozoa.

Important! Most infections, viral and bacterial diseases that poultry suffer from, spread very quickly from infected individuals to healthy ones, taking the form of epizootics. Some infections are incurable or can cause the death of chickens, the entire chicken population.

Among the most common and dangerous infections for chickens, adult birds include the following:

Before vaccinating chickens, adult birds, it is necessary to assess the state of health of birds. Only clinically healthy individuals can be vaccinated, since viruses and bacteria greatly weaken the immune system, which may not be able to cope with the microorganisms contained in vaccines. Do not inoculate a bird hatching eggs, weakened, severely emaciated, sick individuals.

Advice! Birds can be vaccinated with poly- and monovalent live or inactivated vaccines of domestic, foreign production. Before using the vaccine, in order not to provoke complications, carefully read the annotation to the veterinary preparation, consult with a veterinarian. Read the instructions, the rules for preventive immunization.

Vaccinations are given at certain points in the life of feathered wards. So, if the hen was not vaccinated before the offspring, chickens need to be immunized after they are born. If chickens, adults get sick, farmers will be vaccinated after the general condition is normal.

How to properly vaccinate chickens

Vaccination of a chicken at home requires some training and knowledge. The method of administration, dosage, frequency of use depend on the type of veterinary preparation used. All information about the methods of administration should be indicated in the annotation to the drug.

You can vaccinate chickens:

• by spraying the entire livestock;
• intramuscularly;
• instillation of medicine through the nose, eyes.

The most painless method for introducing preventive vaccines and sera for chickens and poultry involves injecting the drug through the nose or eyes. 0.03 g of the drug is instilled into the eye socket of a chicken. You can vaccinate chickens in this way in the first days after they are born.

Such products are usually sold together with a solvent. During the immunization, it is necessary to enlist the support of an assistant who will securely fix the bird.

The bird tolerates intramuscular injections painfully. Vaccination also needs to be done with an assistant. The injection is injected into the chest area at a distance of 2.5–4 cm from the keel bone (divides the sternum into two parts). The needle is inserted strictly at an angle of 45 degrees. It is best to use needles with a length of 9-15 mm.

The spraying method is very convenient when it is necessary to vaccinate a large number of chickens. In this case, the main thing is to correctly calculate the required volume, dosage of the drug, taking into account the age, size of the hens. On average, one hundred two-week-old chicks require 50 ml of water.

bird vaccination in large farms, on poultry farms is carried out by the method of watering. Preparations in the right dosage are added to drinking water, to drinking bowls. You need to make sure that the bird drank water within a few hours. Otherwise, the effectiveness of the vaccine will be markedly reduced. To make the chickens thirsty, they restrict access to drinking water for several hours.

Within a week after the preventive vaccination of chickens, it is very important to carefully monitor the behavior and condition of the vaccinated chicks. In some cases, if the vaccination rules were violated, the dosage was not observed, complications and side symptoms may develop. In chicks, activity and appetite may decrease. Possible fever, weakness. Chickens can sneeze and cough. After vaccination of a bird in the eye, breathing problems may occur.

As a rule, side effects after immunization disappear spontaneously without any treatment on the 3-5th day. If you notice a deterioration in the condition, if uncharacteristic symptoms appear, isolate the chicks from the rest of the herd, invite a veterinarian to examine the poultry.

Sample vaccination schedule for poultry

If you have a large number of chickens, the optimal vaccination scheme, effective drugs for preventive immunization, revaccinations will be prescribed by a veterinarian. Be sure to take into account the epidemiological situation in the regions when choosing a vaccine.

Chicks, juveniles, adult bird vaccinated against Gumboro disease, Newcastle disease, coccidiosis, salmonellosis, Marek's disease.

An approximate vaccination schedule is shown in the table:

From Newcastle disease, day-old chickens, young animals at the age of 30 and 60 days are vaccinated. At 90–110 days of age, it is best to use an inactivated live vaccine for immunization against this disease.

From Marek's disease, only day-old chickens are vaccinated in an industrial incubator. Therefore, it is best to purchase vaccinated chickens from specialized poultry farms.

From salmonellosis, the bird must be vaccinated annually, using a specific serum. Protection against coccidiosis is provided by coccidiostats, which must be mixed into the feed for chickens.

Timely vaccination of chickens will ensure their protection against viral, bacterial diseases, and deadly infections. By creating favorable conditions for the bird, having vaccinated in time, you can grow a strong, healthy chicken stock, preventing the mass death of birds.

Every poultry farmer knows that vaccination is the key to a healthy chicken population. It is not very convenient to carry it out in veterinary cliques, especially when there are a lot of kids. Therefore, vaccinations can be done at home. For this, veterinarians are invited.

It is not advisable to vaccinate yourself, but perhaps you should only prepare in advance.

The need for prevention

At the present time, probably, every veterinarian will confirm that prevention should come first, then treatment will not be needed.

It is much easier to prevent diseases than to treat them later.

Types of prevention:

• Specific.
• Not specific.

In the first case, it is vaccination, which prevents possible infection with infections.

In the second - complex actions, which include: timely treatment and, if necessary, hospitalization, complete isolation of infected animals, the addition of a vitamin complex to feed, water purification, etc.

In order not to have to comply with all the rules or specific prophylaxis, it is necessary to vaccinate on time.

How to prepare for any vaccination

Each vaccination implies a certain preparation, which should be carried out without fail. This will require:

1. Site preparation. You can't just catch a chicken and start doing the procedure. First you need to prepare a place. The room should be warm and clean, as well as the complete absence of drafts.
2. Each vaccination is certain time, it all depends on life cycle. If the future mother of the offspring has not been vaccinated, chickens are vaccinated immediately after birth. You should consult your veterinarian regarding this matter. You can get acquainted with the sequence table by clicking on the link http://www.countrysideliving.net/hens/chickens-vaccination-programme/.
3. You can not vaccinate chickens when they lay, incubate eggs. It is recommended to do the procedure a month before the laying hen begins to rush. This will protect future chickens, since a large number of viruses are transmitted through the oviduct.
4. Careful consideration should be given to when vaccines are given, as some need to be given annually and others only once.

Vaccines to be given every year:

• infectious bronchitis.
• Salmonella.
• Atypical plague.
• adenovirus.

Vaccines that are given once:

• Infectious disease of the bag.
• coccidiosis.
• Infectious laryngotracheitis.
• Marek's disease.

1. Before you start grafting, you need to pay attention to the health of the chicken. If you vaccinate a sick bird, this can kill it, since the virus will be quite strongly developed. It is quite difficult to independently check, some symptoms are invisible. For this purpose, it is recommended to invite a veterinarian.
2. All information about the vaccine should be carefully studied, if necessary, even written down. The poultry farmer must clearly understand why the vaccine is administered, how to do it correctly, what dosage is needed. You should pay attention to such points:

• What is the name of the vaccine.
• Party numbering.
• Who produces.
• When was it made and what is the expiration date?
• What chickens, what kind of vaccines are intended.

1. Strictly follow the storage conditions. In this case, it is advisable to ask how it was stored before you purchased it. And, of course, store at home in necessary conditions(certain place, temperature regime). If at least one clause of the conditions has been violated, the vaccine must be discarded and another one purchased. You also need to pay attention to the packaging so that there are no cracks or other various damages on it.
2. Familiarize yourself with how vaccination should take place. It may be difficult or even impossible to do it yourself. You may need the help of several people.
3. After careful study and preparation, you can proceed to vaccination. The place where the needle will be inserted (if required) must be well sterilized. For this, a medical solution, for example, alcohol, is suitable. A cotton swab is wetted in it and the site of the future injection is treated. Don't forget to push back the fluff.

Possible methods of vaccination

There are many methods of vaccination. It is very difficult to determine on your own which one is needed for your chickens. It is better to invite a specialist, and he will draw a conclusion.

More about methods:

1. Vaccination by intramuscular injection. With this method, it is better to have an assistant who will hold the chicken. To make the injection correctly, you should find the keel bone (it separates the chest). It is necessary to enter into the muscle, while the needle is at an angle of 45 °. A speck of blood indicates that you missed. In this case, the needle is pulled out, and the attempt is repeated again.
2. Vaccination by eye drops. This method requires a pipette. In this case, it is very important to observe the temperature regime of the drug and its diluent - 2-7 °. For convenience, you can put a container containing ice near you, lower the diluent and the vaccine into it. The pipette is put directly on the bottle. No more than 0.03 g is dripped into the eye sockets of a chicken. After you have coped, you need to hold the bird a little so that the vaccine can spread evenly.
3. Vaccination with water that chickens drink. Most often, this method is used on poultry farms; for a domestic chicken coop, this is too painstaking and lengthy work. The irrigation system must be perfectly clean, with a complete absence of chlorine. Discontinue before drug administration drinking water to keep the chickens thirsty. In this case, they will drink water with the vaccine. Water with medicine should be drunk within a few hours. Only a day later, chlorine and any medications can be added to the water.
4. Vaccination with a sprayer. This method is also used in in large numbers livestock. Vaccination is carried out in the cold time of the day, for this period the light is turned off in the chicken coop so that the activity of the hens decreases. After spraying, the light turns on after 7-10 minutes. The drug is mixed only with distilled water.
5. Wing net vaccination. This method is carried out from serious diseases. Such vaccines are always used with a diluent. The injection is carried out in the wing. You can’t do without an assistant, because chickens should be kept. The wing should be clearly in front of you. The feathers are gently pushed aside, the injection is injected into the membrane. After vaccinating 500 heads, the needle must be replaced. After about a week, you can check if the vaccination was successful. To do this, they look under the wing of the chicken, if scabs or scars are found there, the “operation” was successful.

After all vaccination procedures have been carried out, vials, bottles and boxes must be disposed of. Before that, they are disinfected.

Some bottles can be left for household, but at the same time they should be treated with a disinfectant. Further, it is desirable to put in an autoclave. And only after all the necessary manipulations are they suitable for use. But most the best option remains to be disposed of.

After the chickens have been vaccinated, they need to be observed. So to say, to see if it was successful. If even the slightest change or deficiencies are noticed, call a specialized veterinarian immediately.

With some forms of vaccination, the following reactions can be observed:

• After vaccination in the eye, hens may have breathing problems.
• After the injection, sneezing may occur.

If the symptoms do not stop after 3-5 days, it is also necessary to consult a specialist.

Of course, it is possible to vaccinate at home, but if at least a little experience and knowledge is inherent. Strictly follow instructions and recommendations. If there are absolutely no skills, it is better to contact a veterinarian. The vital activity and health of the chicken population directly depends on this.

Important! Never use an expired vaccine.

Timely vaccination will make the livestock strong and healthy, which will play a significant role in their productivity. It will also exclude the possibility of infection with infections of other residents of the compound.

Vaccination of chickens at home is a measure that allows you to protect the feathered population of the poultry farmer from various diseases at an early age. Carrying out this procedure involves the introduction of vaccines into the animal's body that affect the bird's immunity safely, helping it develop resistance to specific diseases. All vaccines used are made from weakened pathogens or their waste products that are not capable of provoking the development of ailments. Unfortunately, veterinary clinics do not provide services for the mass vaccination of chickens, however, with the proper knowledge, each farmer will cope with this task on his own.

Many ailments characteristic of poultry are most often epidemic in nature. In other words, they spread rapidly, and in just a few hours, the entire feathered population can become infected from one sick individual. Vaccination is carried out in order to prevent the development of the desired diseases, as well as to prevent the death of the entire economy.

Let's see what diseases most often occur in poultry farms.

Table 1. The most common diseases affecting chickens

Remember: farms who sell their products to the public are required by law to work only with permission government agencies supervision and control. In particular, enterprises are regularly checked for compliance with sanitary and epidemiological standards. Provided that infected individuals are found on your farm, then you:

• temporarily or even permanently lose the opportunity to sell the product;
• subject to sanctions, most often in the form of fines and suspension of activities.

All of the above circumstances make early vaccination of poultry not easy. useful event but rather a necessity. You, as a businessman, must understand that spending on vaccines will subsequently pay off many times over, but imaginary savings on medicines will lead to the complete collapse of the farm enterprise in 99% of cases.

However, even those farmers who lead subsidiary farm, today they are vaccinated, because they do not want to:

• endanger your health and the health of your family members;
• lose the money invested in providing the birds with the necessary conditions and acquiring the bird itself.

Vaccination is a kind of win-win means of minimizing the risks associated with the development of the most common diseases in poultry, which can lead to:

• death of individual individuals;
• mass death;
• lowering the quality of the food.

However, when determining the list of vaccines that you are going to administer to small chickens, there are some nuances that need to be taken into account.

Video - Newcastle disease in chickens

How to determine the list of vaccines you need to use on your farm

In fact, it makes no sense to give chickens all the existing vaccines against a variety of ailments, not only from an economic point of view, but also from a practical point of view. Let's figure out how to understand which vaccines you need to put in and which ones you don't.

1. The epidemiological situation in the region is the first thing you should know about when you become a farmer. The fact is that various diseases are rampant in each region, and the presence of some of them may be characteristic only for a particular area. Therefore, in order not to “stuff” the bird with unnecessary medicines, you must clarify the list of ailments relevant specifically for your farm that birds (or other agricultural and domestic animals kept on your farm) can get sick with, and, based on the points indicated in it, carry out vaccination.

Note: You can clarify the epidemiological situation in your area by visiting in person or by calling the local Animal Disease Control Station.

2. The productive orientation of chickens and their breed affiliation can also affect what vaccinations you give them. So, for example, it is known that broilers are hybrids of other breeds, and cannot be laid, therefore, they do not need to be affixed with an adenovirus infection vaccine that affects:

• decrease in egg production;
• egg quality.

You can read more about representatives of the meat and egg direction in the article on our website -

3. The place of purchase of the breeding chicks that you intend to vaccinate should also be considered when determining the list of vaccinations that you will administer to your birds. So, for example, if the chicks were purchased at a poultry farm, they definitely need to be vaccinated against Marek's disease, since it:

• is very common;
• has a small age range when it can be put on and get the effect of it (approximately at the age of one day to reach a three-week lifespan).

It is necessary to take into account the nuances regarding vaccination in order to increase the financial efficiency of your business

Chick Vaccine Instructions

It would seem that it could be easier than to vaccinate chickens against a particular disease? However, many farmers who try to carry out this procedure for the first time are lost, not knowing what to do and in what sequence. let's consider special instructions, in which we examined in detail how to vaccinate chickens, and what is needed for this.

Instruction No. 1 - vaccination by subcutaneous injection

Step 1 - preparation

First, we need to prepare the vaccine for administration. Take the drug, and 12 hours before the procedure, place it in a warm room so that it can warm up.

Carefully check the inscription on the ampoule to make sure that you have exactly the drug that you should inject. Remember: vaccines for subcutaneous administration are labeled as such, and must be injected exclusively under the skin of the bird, without touching the bird's muscles.

If the vaccine needs to be premixed, do so according to the directions that come with it. It is in the packaging of the drug.

Step 2 - determine the place of injection of the vaccine

It is possible to administer subcutaneous preparations to birds at a young age only in two areas of their body:

• in the upper cervical region;
• in the fold in the groin, located between the belly and thigh of the bird.

Where exactly you will put the drug depends on how you will hold the bird. Enlist third-party support, and tell the assistant exactly how to hold the chicken:

• if the introduction is made into the neck, then you need to turn the bird with its back to you, while the bird is held by the wings and legs;
• if the introduction will be carried out in the inguinal fold, then the chicken breast should be directed towards you, it is also necessary to hold the bird by both pairs of limbs.

Step 3 - Inject

Next, you will need to draw the finished vaccine into a syringe and inject it into the body of the chicken. To make it easier to insert the needle without hitting the muscles, and at the same time relieve the pain of the chicks, it is best to grab the skin in the area you have chosen for the injection, creating a kind of skin pocket.

Note: when you pierce the skin, you will feel resistance, and then the needle will go easier. If you again feel resistance after a light injection, then you have stumbled upon a muscle, and the needle needs to be pulled out and then inserted again, but in such a way that the vaccine finally comes out only under the skin.

Realizing that everything is done correctly, press the piston and inject the vaccine under the skin of the feathered one.

Instruction number 2 - the introduction of the vaccine intramuscularly

Not all vaccines that are injected into the body of chickens with a needle and syringe are injected subcutaneously. Some of them are placed intramuscularly, that is, the needle and the drug through it enters the muscle.

In chickens, the muscles of the chest are most adapted for affixing injections.

Step 1 - preparatory stage

Prepare for vaccination by analogy with the first step of the previous instructions. Carefully read the instructions that come with the drug in order to be completely sure that you are mixing the medicine correctly.

Step 2 - Put the Chicken in

For intramuscular injections, you will also need an assistant to hold the chicken. This time we are injecting into the chest muscle, so the chicken should be on the table, and at the same time, the person you invited to the procedure should hold:

• chicken legs;
• wings.

Step 3 - inject the vaccine

You need to find the keel bone on the chicken's chest that separates its chest. In any direction from the keel bone, count from 2.5 to 3.5 centimeters. In this place are the largest segments of the chest.

We insert the needle into this area, holding it at an angle of 45 degrees. When inserting the needle, you will feel resistance twice:

• once when passing through her skin;
• the second time when piercing the muscle.

Carefully: do not enter a vein or artery. If the chick bleeds when pierced, reinsert the needle in a different spot.

With the needle in place, inject the vaccine into the chick's body.

Instruction number 3 - vaccination with eye drops

To administer the vaccine with eye drops, you need to use a special pipette. It is not as easy to administer the vaccine through the eyes of chickens as it may seem, however, this is one of the most reliable ways to protect birds, and is actively used by bird breeders.

Step 1 - prepare the vaccine

It is necessary to take an ampoule with a dry agent and dilute the contents with a special diluent liquid.

Both the desired liquid and the concentrated vaccine itself are sold as a set, in a single package, sold inseparably.

Note: the diluent temperature must not exceed 8 degrees and be less than 2 degrees Celsius.

The finished vaccine must be placed on ice in order to keep it chilled.

The finished bottle with the vaccine must be equipped with a pipette and shaken gently.

Step 2 - fix the chicken in the desired position

The assistant you call to participate in this procedure should hold the chicken as follows:

• pet's eyes should be turned to you;
• the body is tightly fixed;
• the head is held in one position.

Step 3 - administer the vaccine

In the eyes of a feathered baby, you need to inject 0.03 milliliters of the solution you prepared. Then you need to wait a while, holding the bird so that it does not blink away the liquid, and the medicine nevertheless penetrates into its body. Also, make sure that the vaccine does not come out through the bird's nostrils.

Summing up

Chicken vaccine is a reliable tool that helps prevent the development of a variety of diseases in birds. Provided that you correctly and timely vaccinate the feathered body, after a while it will form a stable immunity to various ailments. This protection will last for a long time, and will help you get through tough times, protecting your chickens from suffering and your business from financial ruin.

The introduction of vaccines into the body of a bird can vary. So, in addition to the methods of its use described by us, there are additional ones. So, for example, you can vaccinate birds using:

• special sprayer;
• drinking water, etc.

Which method you choose depends not only on your preferences, but also on the list of drugs that you need to put on chickens in your case. Determine it in advance and carefully prepare for the procedure.

Video - Vaccination and culling of chickens