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Schoolchildren, it seems, have already passed the exam and are about to go to apply to universities. Programming and IT-technologies are in stable demand, approximately like legal and economic specialties 10 years ago.
In this article, I'll show you how it works. higher education for IT, how to choose the right IT specialty.
The article will be useful not only for applicants-2015, but also for high school students who have already decided to connect their lives with IT.
Do I need to go to college to become a programmer?
There are many points of view on this issue and, I am sure, it will be raised more than once in the comments. In my humble opinion, higher education is not prerequisite becoming a specialist in the field of IT, as well as a guarantee of this. But it can become a solid foundation for professional growth.You can read books, participate in the OpenSource community, work part-time on oDesk, and in a few years you will be an experienced developer without a higher education. True, nothing prevents you from doing all this in parallel with your studies at the university, except for your own laziness.
You can enter, take tests and exams, get a diploma and not end up becoming a professional programmer - there are millions of such stories.
A good university provides, first of all, excellent conditions for gaining knowledge, experience, connections and growing as a person. And it depends only on you how you will use them (and whether you will at all).
Let's assume conditionally that you have already decided to get a higher education in the field of IT, and let's move on.
Bachelor, specialist and master
Since the Ministry of Education decided to integrate Russia into the Bologna system of higher education, years have passed and much has changed. Previously, all IT specialists could only receive a specialist diploma. This year the last graduates graduated (with the exception of specialties where the training period is more than 5 years).
Now you can become a bachelor, after that - a master, and then go to graduate school to compete for the Russian analogue of Ph.D.
What has really changed?
In the old curricula for "specialists" the number of hours was cut by one year, while the most difficult disciplines were either removed or reduced. Many academic topics from the field of algebra, probability theory, physics will remain uncovered by the teacher for the bachelor. In a number of specialties where programming is an auxiliary competence (for example, information security), various programming technologies have come under the knife - from web development to parallel programming.
Otherwise, neither the theoretical material nor the teaching methods have changed. The amount of material has been reduced. If in some university they used to give laboratory for Pascal, then they still give them.
At the same time, master's curricula can boast of novelty. This can be written separately if there is a demand.
It should be borne in mind that a bachelor is not a ready-made employee who can come to an employer with a red diploma and ask for an average salary in a hospital. A bachelor knows something, knows something from technology, but as a rule he does not know how to work in a team, a large team and completely independently solve specific problems. practical tasks. In the terminology of developers, this is a Junior, promising to become a Middle Developer in 2-4 years. In many companies, such graduates with no experience arrange internship programs with a mentor for 6-12 months.
Applied and Academic Baccalaureate
Of course, the fact that the specialty was simply reduced by 20% could not please the Ministry of Education. Few people can please the "underspecialist", who now knows even less. Therefore, from 2015 applied baccalaureate will be introduced everywhere as an alternative to incomplete academic education.In short, the applied one differs from the academic one in a new curriculum, where all disciplines are focused on producing an employee who is as ready as possible for real work tasks. Without internships and other headaches for the employer. For example, a “mathematician-programmer” can come out of an academic bachelor’s degree, and “.Net developer”, “Relational database developer” or “C ++ programmer” from an applied one. The latter are more interesting to the labor market immediately after graduating from a university, while the former, after graduating from a bachelor's degree, should enter a master's program and further improve their competencies in order to qualify for higher positions after graduation. Another useful thing is to participate in curriculum applied baccalaureate of employers (as bases of practice) and IT-vendors.
Despite the fact that the idea, in my opinion, is sound and its implementation was started 5 years ago in 44 pilot universities, I have not yet met any qualitatively new teaching materials, not ready for independent work graduates. I assume that nothing will change in the next 2-3 years and there will be no significant difference in the preparation of academic and applied bachelor's programs. Nevertheless, if you have already decided to be a master - go to the academic one, if after 4 years of study you plan to go to work, and return to the master's program "someday" - then apply.
Teaching at the university
If they study at school, then they study at the university. And the difference is huge. Nobody will force you to study. If you want to get a diploma - sit, understand, ask classmates. A teacher is just a carrier of knowledge who knows how to explain this knowledge. His goal is to tell, yours is to understand. If you didn’t understand something, the teacher fulfilled his goal anyway. Even if in some cases this is not the case, it is better to think in such a paradigm, there will be less disappointment.
The quality of teaching lies precisely in how well the teacher conveys knowledge to you, what practical competence you gain. For example, you can convey the OOP principle in the Delphi programming language, or you can use C# or Java. You will understand OOP anyway if you try, but familiarity with C# or Java will be useful for you in the future, when preparing term papers, during a part-time job or further employment.
Teaching is an inert thing. The more the teacher reads the same course using the same technologies as an example, the better he is able to convey knowledge to students. But IT technologies are changing too fast, so two extremes are possible:
- the teacher reads you something that is morally outdated, but you understand everything perfectly
- teacher talks about the latest technologies, but you still have big gaps in your understanding of something (if you do not fill them yourself in books, on StackOverflow or MSDN, then it will remain so).
In addition to splitting the bachelor's degree into academic and applied, education standards are also being updated from the second generation to 3 and 3+. With so many changes in teaching, there is a risk that the next 2-3 intakes of students will be worse prepared than the next. And that means more personal effort.
When choosing a university and specialty, it is desirable to know Who and What will tell you. Before making the final choice, ask current students, read student groups on VK.
Choice of specialty
So, you have decided to get higher education, to become a programmer. And not just a programmer, but, for example, a web developer specializing in frontend. It's cool that at the age of 18 you already have a goal in life, but I hasten to upset. In our country, there is such a thing as higher education standards, and they are much more abstract than you would like.A complete list of higher education standards can be viewed here. Not everyone still has generation 3+ standards, but they will by the end of the year. I recommend reading these boring documents.
Mathematical support and administration of information systems (MOAIS).
The specialty that gives best conditions to develop developer competencies.You will study: programming technologies in various languages (usually in 4 years you will get acquainted with at least three programming languages - for example: C ++, C #, Lisp, or C ++, Java, Python), development and basic administration of relational and object-oriented databases, network technologies , development of applications "client-server", "client - application server - database server", parallel programming.
Training gives an understanding of programming in principle, in a couple of months you are able to learn any programming language and develop in it; understanding how any program works, how to solve most computational problems. After receiving a diploma, you are a strong Junior, but as soon as you deal with specific tasks and tools in a particular company, the knowledge base will be enough to qualify for Middle.
After work experience and a good master's degree in this specialty, you will not only be able to create programs and information systems, but will get acquainted with the principles of developing high-load systems, team management, development planning, and will be able to apply for Senior and Team Lead.
Fundamental informatics and information technologies (FIIT).
The specialty is close to MOAIS, but focused on computational experiments and research tasks.In other words, as a programmer you will be in top shape, but you will be almost useless for solving practical business problems. But you are a valuable asset for R&D departments, scientific laboratories and research teams. Studying in this specialty at a good university makes it possible to choose a job around the world, working famous companies. It is already initially assumed that a bachelor's degree will be only the first step in your education.
Quite real story: having received a bachelor's degree from Moscow State University, enroll in a master's program at CalTech. Of course, physics, algebra and mathematical analysis should be your passion.
Informatics and Computer Engineering (IWT)
The specialty is focused on the education of system programmers working with hardware. You will have the skills to program robots, real-time systems and work with a blowtorch. With such an education, you don’t want to develop boring accounting systems and web applications, but your future career can start as a video surveillance engineer in a small private security company, or in a robotics laboratory of a large brand (of course, after completing a master’s program).In my opinion, everything is with purely programmer specialties. Below is a list of specialties where programming is also taught. But if the specialties from above have a curriculum designed so that a Programmer graduates, then the specialties below have a Specialist in something with programming skills.
Not only a programmer
Software engineering
A relatively new specialty, essentially training software product managers. This specialist looks over development tasks, manages requirements, functionality, versions, development teams. In the first courses, you will learn programming technologies and, perhaps, a couple of languages, but later in the curriculum there will be more and more about software development management. You can start your career as a Junior Developer, but instead of further upgrading to Middle, you will become a project manager.Applied Informatics
It produces system analysts with a broad outlook in IT and business. They also know how to code, but they are really good at writing technical specifications, formalizing business processes and communicating effectively with developers who hover in high abstractions. You can become a project manager or even a director of your company if you have such ambitions.Business Informatics
It is very close to applied informatics, but the graduate's managerial competencies are much stronger. You can be an IT application consultant or manage the IT policy of a small holding. After receiving a diploma, start working at least in support, but the career goal of "IT Director" can be achieved in a matter of years.Information systems and technologies
Focus on administration information technologies and the right choice of software and hardware for the tasks of a corporate local network. Programming will be, but at a procedural level, closer to scripts and configuration files.Mathematics and Computer Science
A large portion of fundamental knowledge will allow you to work as a computer science teacher at school and as an analyst in big company. In a good university, this specialty gravitates towards scientific research and can also be a start in R&D for those who prefer mathematical sciences to physics.Information Security
The first course is often similar to specialties like MOAIS, where they program a lot and in different languages, but then it stops. You don't have to write code, you have to understand how any code can be attacked. Networks and operating systems will be familiar to anyone else, you can call yourself a hacker, but you will have to work in the field of security, with regulatory documents, and not just with firewalls and sniffer.It is important to understand that everything depends on the particular educational institution. It's like the HTML standard and its implementation on the site of a provincial beauty salon. There are universities where students of all specialties go to the same lectures. There are universities where MOAIS studies Visual Basic and Pascal, writes macros in Excel, and studies databases using the example of Access. If there is such a university in your hometown, then it's time to buy train tickets.
The choice of a specialty upon admission is extremely important, since it determines a further career and, perhaps, a lifetime. This is essentially the first independent choice in life and the error will be measured in years. Therefore, it’s too early to “breathe” after the exam, it’s time to learn as much as possible about the nearest university, its students and teachers. Good luck.
Information Technology (IT)
In the age of global computerization of society, no organization or firm can function successfully if it does not have a well-functioning information system based on advanced technologies. The need for specialists who can make life easier and more convenient with the help of information collection and processing technologies, for example, improve or automate production processes, is growing every day. Now is the time right time choose as the highest vocational education at the university innovative specialties in the field information systems and technologies.
Range professional activity university graduates in the field of information technology is extensive: from applied mathematics in the field of programming to bringing high-tech software products to specific consumers. The object of professional activity of a specialist in information systems and technologies is their mathematical, information and software, methods and methods of design, debugging, production and operation software tools in information systems in all areas of life. The task of a specialist is to create such a complex of software and hardware that will allow the employing company to achieve a competitive advantage in the market.
Specialties and Specializations in Information Technology (IT)
The choice of training programs in this area in Moscow universities is quite large: the table shows the most common areas of training and specialties.
|
Number according to the classifier OKSO |
Name of direction / specialty |
Study period (years) |
Qualification |
Region professional activities |
|
"Applied Mathematics and Informatics" |
Bachelor of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science |
Mathematical and software support for high-tech areas of science, engineering and information technology with an emphasis on efficient programming; construction of algorithms for solving optimization problems |
||
|
Master of Applied Mathematics and Informatics |
||||
|
mathematician, system programmer |
||||
|
"Business Informatics" |
Bachelor of Business Informatics |
information management in the field modern business; implementation, analysis and maintenance of corporate information systems |
||
|
Master of Business Informatics |
||||
|
"Applied Informatics" (by region) |
Bachelor of Applied Computer Science |
Creation, implementation and maintenance of professionally oriented information systems; efficiency mark software and databases in a specific area; use of advanced information technologies for obtaining and processing information |
||
|
Master of Applied Informatics |
||||
|
"Applied Informatics" (by areas: in economics, management, management) |
computer scientist-economist, manager, manager |
|||
|
"Informatics and Computer Engineering» |
Bachelor of Engineering and Technology |
A set of means, methods and methods aimed at creating and using computers, systems and networks, automated systems information processing and management; ensuring the functioning of all computer equipment |
||
|
Master of Engineering and Technology |
||||
|
« Computing machines, complexes, systems and networks" |
||||
|
"Software for computer technology and automated systems" |
||||
|
"Information Systems" |
Bachelor of Information Systems |
Creation and support of modern information systems in all sectors of production, commerce, science and education; solution of a wide range of problems in the development of software for information processing and control systems using methods computer graphics, network information and multimedia technologies |
||
|
master of information systems |
||||
|
"Information systems and technologies" |
||||
|
"Information Technology in Design" |
||||
|
«Information technologies in the media industry» |
||||
|
"Information Technology in international business» |
*Master's studies after 4 years of bachelor's degree.
One of the most popular specialties in Moscow universities in the field of information technology is “Information Systems and Technologies”, since students who receive this education at the university get acquainted with programming, computer design, and data management, and also gain knowledge in specific area of future professional activity. In addition, this specialty has a number of interesting specializations in Moscow universities:
- "Computer graphics and modern methods of programming in the Internet environment"
- «Information technologies in property management, in international business»
- "Telecommunication technologies, networks, complexes"
- "Security of information networks and information protection"
- "Information networks ecommerce»
- "Corporate Information Networks"
- "Banking Information Networks"
- "Information Systems Management"
- "Information networks in specific areas National economy: instrument making, transport»
What are they studying
Future specialists in information technology and systems receive fundamental mathematical training at the university, knowledge in the field of computer science is especially important for successful professional activity. system analysis, control dynamic objects, intelligent database design. At the same time, students acquire knowledge and skills modern methods programming in the Internet environment, in the field of global control systems, information security, etc.
Since the designed and used IT, as a rule, is focused on a specific area of application, a specialist will need knowledge in this particular area of \u200b\u200bthe national economy, for example, in mechanical engineering, railway transport, e-commerce, advertising. Separate types professional activity of a university graduate in the field of information technology will require knowledge in the field of economics, finance, law, management, marketing, project management.
All computer programs are written in English, so the future IT specialist must speak technical English at a sufficiently high level.
You can also become an IT specialist by obtaining one of the specialties listed in the table at the university; it is important that you decide for yourself what you want to become: a specialist in "brains", "iron" or "configuration" of finished products and models. A profile of activity similar to the one described above is provided to graduates of the university in the specialty "Applied Informatics", who are also called upon to use advanced information technologies in specific areas of the national economy. In Moscow universities you can find interesting programs of study in the specialty "Applied Informatics" in economics, management, management, tourism, medicine, etc. If you know in advance in which area you want to specialize in the future, choose a university of a suitable profile that can provide teaching in the proper amount of a complex of related disciplines.
Where do IT professionals work and how much do they earn?
There are several options for the development of a career of university graduates in the field of information technology: administrative, design and management.
The administrative direction is represented by the positions of system administrator, network administrator, database administrator. All these administrators are required to ensure uninterrupted and safe work computers and their complexes in the network. Novice administrators receive 25,000 rubles, each year of work adds 15% to the salary, additional knowledge, for example, foreign language, add another 10%. The presence of professional certificates, especially international ones, increase the salary by another 30%. Thus, a salary of $ 5,000 is not the limit for an administrator, and it is also possible additional earnings for the fulfillment of single orders.
The design direction is represented by the positions of a programmer, lead programmer, network application developer, web programmer, etc. The average salary of a programmer is 1,500–2,000 dollars, it depends on the programming language, level of knowledge of English (plus 20%), experience work. Often, programmers, especially in the Internet environment, are outsourcing, that is, they work for themselves; their incomes are usually higher than those of full-time employees.
Leadership work for IS professionals includes the positions of project manager, project director, CEO. About the formation wages for positions in this area can be found in the description of the specialty "Management of the organization".
University graduates, IP specialists, can find work in all areas of life where computer technology is used:
- – in academic, scientific, educational institutions;
- – in computer centers, experimental design bureaus;
- - V information centers, archives, funds and libraries, bodies of state statistics;
- – in state and government institutions, state and municipal government, tax authorities, law enforcement and social protection, at customs;
- - in management bodies at enterprises and organizations of various forms of ownership;
A second higher education in the field of IT technologies means unlimited prospects for a thinking person. Synergy University has created all the conditions for the implementation of such a solution from any "launching" platform (presence/absence of the first higher education, completed average for a programmer).
The catalog of our programs contains the most popular areas: Second higher education: programming
- The program of the Faculty of IT - MOiAIS, training professionals working with business software products starting with 1C. Here, programmers with deep mathematical training are "brought up" - future software developers, IT directors of international level.
- Having mastered the I&T specification in instrument making and telecommunications, you will not have time to start looking for a job - it will find you earlier.
- General programmer training program general profile – deep dive in the mechanics of work operating systems, C++ programming, principles of computer graphics, basics of IT administration and much more.
- A promising direction is the program of the faculty of ISIT " Information Security” is your choice if you want to become indispensable. Good practice with the participation of university company resources, coding skills, the basics of cryptography - at the end you will become an expert in preventing cyber risks - the threat of the 21st century.
- Applied informatics is a direction for future developers, testers, application creators.
Forms and duration of training. Entrance tests
A full and accelerated programmer training program is available at our university. Deadlines:
- complete full-time education– 4 years, accelerated – 3 years (the whole range of professional activities is available);
- evening classes - 4 years 6 months;
- distance learning: full 4 years 6 months, accelerated program takes 3 years 6 months.
The recalculation for students who are eligible for the accelerated second degree program in programming is carried out individually and depends on a number of factors (main profession, past achievements, scientific work, choice of specialty). We constantly have promotions, discounts - you can always ask for clarifications to get competitive advantage in the job market.
An example of a full-time study plan: /assets/upload/uch_plan/uch_plan_inform_sistem_o_09.03.02.pdf
Employment: the relevance of personnel in the market
From 400 to 500 specialists are employed in the IT market (information for 2016). The current need of the Russian Federation is 1.2 million, according to official estimates, 4 million, according to the data of the speakers of the annual all-Russian forum "Territory of Meanings".
In 2013, the government of the Russian Federation approved a program for the development of the IT-specialist market, according to which by 2018 the number of employed programmers should approach 700,000 people. And we are not talking about the full satisfaction of the needs of the industry. De facto today, the programming segment suffers from an acute shortage of personnel.
Programmers, software administrators, application developers, testers are in demand by companies of any profile. Banking organizations and insurers, manufacturing, trade, administrative enterprises – 80% legal entities Russia is already working with its own software product(website, applications, 1C), which requires professional participation.
There are a lot of areas of employment for the bearer of the IT profession:
- head of the IT department;
- startup lead group administrator;
- software developer;
- head of information security department;
- social media group administrator.
The list goes on. Programming is a specialty that continues to grow with new professions/positions. The number of programmer vacancies by country (data from the top 10 recruitment agencies) has not fallen below the mark of 45 thousand for the third year in a row. This is the only direction that unemployment does not threaten in any crisis.
