Regions can expand this list. For example, in the Moscow region there are 15 categories of citizens receive free help in social centers for all eight services:
1. Citizens with an average per capita income of 1.5 living wage or less.
2. Representatives of children with disabilities
3. Minor children
4. Affected by emergencies and armed conflicts
5. Disabled combat
Also single disabled people, married couples and senior citizens from among:
1. Disabled people and participants in the Second World War
2. Spouses of the dead participants of the Great Patriotic War who did not remarry
3. Former juvenile prisoners of fascism
4. Awarded with the badge "Inhabitant of besieged Leningrad"
5. Awarded with the medal "For the Defense of Moscow"
6. Heroes of the Soviet Union
7. Heroes of the Russian Federation and full holders of the Order of Glory
8. Geroev Sots. Labor
9. Heroes of Labor of the Russian Federation and full holders of the Order of Labor Glory
10. Disabled fighting
1. Veterans of the Second World War and persons equated to them - 10% of the cost
2. Citizens with an average per capita income of one and a half to two times the subsistence minimum - 10% of the cost of social services provided
3. Citizens with an average per capita income of two to two and a half times the subsistence minimum - 20% of the cost of social services provided
4. Citizens with an average per capita income of two and a half to three times the subsistence minimum - 30% of the cost of social services
If you do not fall into these categories or your average per capita income is above the subsistence level, you will have to pay for the services.
Price for home and semi-permanent servicecalculated according to tariffs . The tariff should not exceed the difference of 50% between the average per capita income of a person and the maximum value of the average per capita income in the region.
The price for a hospital is calculated according to tariffs that do not exceed 75% of the average per capita income.
To understand how it works, here is an example.
Let's take a lonely pensioner from Moscow. He receives 30,000 rubles a month - this is his average per capita income.
The cost of living in Moscow is 15,382 rubles. Find out the minimum in your city on the regional website of the Department of Labor.
Multiply this figure by 1.5 living wages:1.5 × 15,385 = 23,073 rubles
The maximum size of the average per capita income of our pensioner is 23,073, which means that he will not be able to receive services for free.
To find out the tariff for home and semi-residential services, we will use the formula:
(30 000
income — 23 073
living wage
) x 50%maximum difference
= 3,463 rubles
This is the maximum rate for services per month.
How to get a social service
Free and paid services provided differently. To get guaranteed services, you need to go through 5 stages:
1. Prepare documents
- Passport
– For a child under 14 years of age, a birth certificate and a certificate of residence
- Passport and power of attorney from a disabled person, if you represent his interests
- Extract from the house book
- Statement of income for the last year
– A medical certificate of health, which indicates the category of disability or injury that limits the ability
— Help, certificate or certificate, which confirms the right to social assistance, for example, a certificate of a participant in the Second World War
This is an incomplete list. Depending on the situation, they may require a certificate of release from prison, a court decision declaring a citizen incompetent, or other certificates. Call your local social security office and ask what documents are needed in your case.
2. Apply for Social Security where you live
3. Wait up to 7 days
social services provided by address. This means that the commission considers whether you need services or not. Verification takes up to 7 business days. After - you are either denied, or assigned an individual program social service.
4. Get an individual social services program
List of provided social services by forms of social services and types of social services:
Citizens are admitted to GBU PNI No. 34 for permanent, temporary (up to 6 months) and five-day residence.
Public services are provided by GBU PNI No. 34 in the form of:
- Inpatient social services for elderly citizens suffering from mental disorders and disabled people of groups 1 and 2 due to mental disorders at the age of 18, who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service - for 601 people.
- Stationary social services in the mercy departments of elderly citizens suffering from mental disorders and disabled people of groups 1 and 2 due to mental disorders at the age of 18, who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service - for 300 people.
Social services:
1.1. Provision of living space, premises for rehabilitation, sports and recreation, sports, cultural and entertainment events, medical and labor activities, consumer services.
1.2. Provision of furniture and household appliances for use.
1.3. Assistance in organizing the provision of services by trade organizations, organizations providing communication services, living in stationary social service organizations.
1.4. Organization of rational nutrition, including dietary and medical.
1.5. Provision of clothing, footwear and bedding.
1.6. Organization of leisure, creation of conditions for the realization of creative abilities and artistic inclinations.
1.7. Provision of premises for the performance of religious rites by representatives of traditional religious denominations and the creation of the necessary conditions for this.
1.8. Ensuring the safety of personal belongings, valuables and documents.
1.9. Provision of clothing and footwear upon termination of stationary social services.
1.10. Assistance in obtaining vouchers for sanatorium treatment and assistance in referral to sanatorium treatment.
1.11. Assistance in the preparation of documents for the burial.
Socio-medical services:
2.1. Providing the necessary care, taking into account the health status of the recipient of social services.
2.2. Assistance in passing the examination in the institutions of medical and social expertise.
2.3. Carrying out rehabilitation measures (medical, social, psychological, sociocultural) on the basis of an individual rehabilitation program for a disabled person.
2.4. Provision of socio-medical services, primary health care and dental care.
2.5. Organization of medical examinations.
2.6. Referral for examination and treatment to medical organizations of a recipient of social services in need of specialized medical care, including high-tech.
2.7. Assistance in the free manufacture and repair of dentures (except for the cost of paying for the cost of precious metals and cermets), as well as the provision of other prosthetic and orthopedic products for medical reasons.
2.8. Assistance in providing the necessary technical means of rehabilitation in accordance with an individual rehabilitation program for a disabled person.
Social and psychological services:
3.1. Rendering psychological help, socio-psychological and psychological counseling, psychological diagnostics and examination of personality, psychological correction.
Social and educational services:
4.1. Socio-pedagogical consultation, diagnostics, correction.
4.2. Teaching self-service skills, behavior in everyday life and public places, self-control, communication skills and other forms of social life.
Social and legal services:
5.1. Assistance in the preparation of documents, excluding cases of execution of documents affecting the interests of third parties, assistance in writing letters.
5.2. Providing assistance in organizing pensions and providing other social benefits.
5.3. Assistance in obtaining free legal assistance in the manner prescribed by law.
5.4. Assistance in the preservation of residential premises owned by right of ownership or by other right during the entire period of residence in the boarding school, as well as in the extraordinary provision of residential premises in case of refusal of inpatient social services after the specified period, if the previously occupied residential premises were transferred to the city Moscow and provided to other citizens in the prescribed manner.
Services to increase the communication potential of recipients of social services with disabilities:
6.1. Training of disabled people in the use of care products and technical means of rehabilitation.
6.2. Carrying out social and rehabilitation measures in the field of social services.
6.3. Providing assistance in teaching computer literacy skills.
home vacation
The procedure for registration of temporary retirement (provision of home leave) of recipients of social services of the State budget institution of the city of Moscow Psychoneurological boarding school No. 34 is regulated by the order of the State budgetary institution of the city of Moscow Psychoneurological boarding school No. 34 (hereinafter - GBU PNI No. 34) dated August 23, 2018 No. adult incapacitated recipients of social services.
To apply for a “home leave”, by a relative or other person, it is necessary to apply (Appendix No. 1) for the provision of an adult incapacitated citizen with “home leave” to the head of the department of the State Budgetary Institution PNI No. 34 and fill out an obligation to provide care for an adult incapacitated recipient of social services ( Appendix No. 2), while on "home leave".
After receiving an application, obligation, as well as the conclusion of the medical commission of the State Budgetary Institution PNI No. 34 on the possibility of being on home leave, social service workers organize and conduct a commission (at least 2 employees of the institution) examination of the financial situation and social conditions of residence in relation to the address located on the territory of the city of Moscow, where it is planned to find an adult incapacitated person.
If the address where it is planned to stay an adult incapacitated citizen is located on the territory of the region or in another region, GBU PNI No. 34 no later than one day from the date of receipt of the application sends a request to the guardianship and guardianship authority on whose territory the address is located, to provide the results of the survey financially -household situation and social living conditions;
The conclusion of the medical commission on the possibility of sending the recipient of social services on "home leave", in the presence of an application and obligation of relatives or other persons, to provide care for an adult incapacitated recipient of social services and the results of a survey of the financial situation and social conditions of residence are considered by the Board of Trustees of the State Budgetary Institution of Ukraine PNI No. 34.
The decision of the Board of Trustees of GBU PNI No. 34 is the basis for granting “home leave” to an adult incapacitated citizen who is a recipient of social services in GBU PNI No. 34.
APPLICATION On granting a "home leave" to an adult incapacitated person Download
OBLIGATION for the period of stay on home leave of an adult incapacitated citizen
Main types of social services
Social services should provide assistance and comprehensive support to citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation.
Social services, depending on their purpose, are divided into the following main types:
Social and domestic, aimed at maintaining the life of citizens in everyday life;
Socio-medical, aimed at maintaining and improving the health of citizens;
Socio-psychological, providing for the correction of the psychological state of citizens for their adaptation in the environment (society);
Socio-pedagogical, aimed at preventing deviations in behavior and anomalies in the personal development of clients social services formation of their positive interests, including in the field of leisure, organization of their leisure, assistance in family education children;
Socio-economic, aimed at maintaining and improving standard of living;
Socio-legal, aimed at maintaining or changing legal status, providing legal assistance, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of citizens.
Social services are provided to social service clients (hereinafter referred to as clients):
In stationary institutions (stationary departments of institutions);
In semi-stationary institutions (departments of day and night stay of institutions);
In non-stationary institutions (non-stationary departments of institutions);
At home;
In complex institutions (offices of a complex nature of institutions);
In other institutions, including citizens involved in entrepreneurial activity in the field of social services to the population without the formation of a legal entity.
When deciding on the provision of specific social services to clients, the interests of the client, the state of his health, the specifics of the difficult life situation in which the client is located, the content of the individual rehabilitation program (if such a program exists), the short-term or long-term need for these services, the client’s financial capabilities and other objective factors.
Social services are provided to clients in accordance with Federal Laws, Government Decrees Russian Federation, indicated in the preface, in the following forms.
4.1.1. Assistance to the population of all categories and groups in obtaining the benefits and benefits provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation in social and welfare provision,
4.1.2. Providing clients of social service institutions with living space, premises for the organization of rehabilitation and medical activities, medical and labor and learning activities, cultural and consumer services.
4.1.3. Provision of furniture for use by clients of social service institutions in accordance with approved standards.
4.1.4. Preparing and serving meals to institutional customers, including dietary meals.
4.1.5. Provision of soft equipment (clothes, shoes, underwear and bedding) in accordance with approved standards.
4.1.6. Provision of social and domestic services of an individually serving and hygienic nature to clients of inpatient institutions who, for health reasons, are unable to perform ordinary everyday procedures, including such actions as getting out of bed, going to bed, dressing and undressing, washing, eating, drinking, using toilet or boat, move around the house and outside the house, care for teeth or jaw, use glasses or hearing aids, cut nails, men - shave their beard and mustache.
4.1.7. Assistance in writing and reading letters.
4.1.8. Provision of transport, if necessary, to transport clients of stationary social service institutions to institutions for treatment, education, participation in cultural events, if for health reasons or conditions of stay it is contraindicated for them to use public transport.
4.1.9. Organization ritual services(in the absence of relatives of deceased clients or their unwillingness to engage in burial).
4.1.10. Purchase and home delivery of food, hot meals.
4.1.11. Assistance in cooking.
4.1.12 Purchase and home delivery of essential industrial goods.
4.1.13. Assistance in caring for children, other disabled or seriously and long-term ill family members.
4.1.14. Delivery of water, heating of stoves, assistance in providing fuel for those living in residential premises without central heating and (or) water supply.
4.1.15. Delivery of things for washing, dry cleaning, repair and their return delivery.
4.1.16. Assistance in organizing the repair and cleaning of residential premises.
4.1.17. Assistance in paying for housing and utilities.
"SOCIAL SERVICES OF THE POPULATION. MAIN TYPES OF SOCIAL SERVICES. GOST R 52143-2003" (approved by the Decree of the State Standard of the Russian Federation of November 24, 2003 No. 327-st)
4.1.18. Assistance in organizing the provision of services by trade, public utilities, communications and other enterprises providing services to the population within the area of residence.
4.1.19. Escort outside the home, including to the doctor.
4.1.20. Creation of conditions for the performance of religious rites.
4.1.21. Ensuring the safety of things and valuables belonging to clients of stationary social service institutions.
4.1.22. Assistance in referral to stationary institutions.
4.2. Socio-medical services
4.2.1. Providing assistance to the population of all categories and groups in obtaining social and medical services provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
4.2.2. Rendering or assistance in providing clients of medical care institutions in the scope of the basic program of compulsory medical insurance for citizens of the Russian Federation, targeted and territorial programs of compulsory medical insurance in state and municipal medical and preventive institutions.
4.2.3. Provision of health-sensitive care, including the provision of
sanitary and hygienic services (rubbing, washing, hygienic baths, cutting nails, combing).
4.2.4. Assistance in conducting medical and social expertise.
4.2.5. Assistance in carrying out or carrying out rehabilitation measures of a socio-medical nature, including in accordance with individual programs for the rehabilitation of persons with disabilities.
4.2.6. Provision of primary health care to clients of inpatient social service institutions.
4.2.7. Assistance in organizing the passage of medical examinations by clients of stationary institutions of social services.
4.2.8. Hospitalization of clients of inpatient social service institutions to medical and preventive institutions, assistance in referral to sanatorium-and-spa treatment (including on preferential terms) at the conclusion of doctors.
4.2.9. Assistance in obtaining free dentures (with the exception of dentures made of precious metals and other expensive materials), prosthetic-orthopedic and hearing aid.
4.2.10. Provision of technical means of care and rehabilitation.
4.2.11.Organization of qualified medical advice.
4.2.12. Assistance in medical and social adaptation and rehabilitation.
4.2.13. Carrying out in a stationary institution of social services of primary medical examination and primary sanitation.
4.2.14. Organization of medical and social examination.
4.2.15. Provision of first aid.
4.2.16. Carrying out procedures related to health (taking medications, instillation of drops, etc.).
4.2.17. Providing assistance in performing physical exercises.
4.2.18. Organization of medical and recreational activities.
4.2.19. Organization of medical and labor activities.
4.2.20. Counseling on socio-medical issues (family planning, food and housing hygiene, getting rid of excess weight, bad habits, psychosexual development, etc.).
"SOCIAL SERVICES OF THE POPULATION. MAIN TYPES OF SOCIAL SERVICES. GOST R 52143-2003" (approved by the Decree of the State Standard of the Russian Federation of November 24, 2003 No. 327-st)
4.2.21. Carrying out sanitary and educational work to address issues of age adaptation,
4.2.22. Organization of emergency medical and psychological assistance.
4.2.23. Formation and organization of the work of "health groups" for medical reasons and age characteristics citizens.
A country's society is not considered prosperous if its citizens, who find themselves in difficult life situations, are unable to receive social protection and assistance. The development and financing of various types of social services are no less important in achieving the well-being of the country than the growth of the economic, scientific, health, educational and cultural fields.
In Russia, the list of social services for the disabled and the elderly is guaranteed by the Federal Law of 1995 and revised in 2004. But it should not be assumed that social support applies to servicing only disabled citizens, namely: needy disabled people and pensioners. In modern legislation, the categories of people who have the right to social services have been significantly expanded. This means that the nature and form, the list of types of social services aimed at supporting the needy population has changed.
Main types
Social services as one of the most important factors social protection The population of the Russian Federation currently has nine main types, which should contribute to the practical solution of difficult situations in the life of society as a whole, individual families and individuals. Here is the list of services:
- Stationary.
- Semi-stationary (day and night departments).
- Home service.
- Providing temporary shelter.
- Social rehabilitation.
- Urgent service.
- Material aid.
- Social consultation.
- social patronage.
It is necessary to consider in more detail what kind of assistance each of these types of services provides to the clients of social centers, as well as which of the needy citizens has the right to use them.
Stationary service
Stationary social types of social services mean round-the-clock stay of needy citizens in institutions specially equipped for this purpose. Such institutions are intended for people who are completely or partially incapable of self-care and (or) movement, in need of outside care, domestic services, constant supervision, medical assistance, namely:
- pensioners;
- veterans;
- disabled people (both adults and children);
- citizens with physical or mental disorders;
- orphans and minors who find themselves in difficult life situations or deprived of guardianship.
Institutions of stationary types of social services differ in purpose, stay in them can be temporary or permanent. Eat general type boarding houses where citizens are admitted retirement age, adults with disabilities (first, second group), who are completely or partially incapable of self-service.
For minors, institutions of a general type are provided, where orphans, children without permanent or temporary parental care or who find themselves in a difficult life situation for the child are sent.
Children's stationary institutions can be specialized, intended for minors with physical disabilities, mental disorders, and disabled people. Psychoneurological boarding schools for adults also belong to similar types of social service institutions.
home service
One of the forms of social support is implemented in relation to the disabled and pensioners who are able to carry out at least necessary actions self-service. When these people do not have an urgent need to move to stationary institutions, social workers provide assistance to clients in their usual domestic environment, that is, at home.
Under the types of social services of this kind is meant medical first aid, various household and hygienic services, food delivery.
At home care is also provided to people who cannot be placed, according to the list of contraindications, in stationary institutions, but depend on outside care.
Specialized district centers are obliged to their clients:
- provide timely medical care;
- organize food delivery;
- assist in the purchase of medications;
- organize escort to medical institutions;
- help maintain conditions that meet hygiene requirements;
- to facilitate the receipt of legal and legal services;
- assist in the implementation of funeral services.
Semi-stationary service establishments
Semi-stationary social services refer to the forms and types of services that are also carried out in special institutions, but not permanently, but in certain time days. Such service extends to the disabled and pensioners who are able to actively move around and serve themselves, to children who are in difficult psychological, physical and material circumstances.
In these institutions, social service workers provide services to citizens in the following form:
- provide hot meals, a bed with a clean bed and other living conditions, as well as basic conditions for leisure;
- help to get vouchers for sanatorium treatment, health-improving and rehabilitation measures, to achieve prosthetics;
- organize conditions for sanitary and hygienic actions;
- provide psychological assistance;
- assist in obtaining vocational training, education, employment;
- help to get legal services;
- provide funeral services.
Also in the Russian Federation there are semi-stationary institutions for night stay. They provide accommodation, necessary first aid, free one-time meals, hygiene products and other social views services to citizens who do not have any specific employment and housing, as well as those who have recently been released from places of detention. The workers of social centers also help the latter to restore documents, social connections with relatives and the right to housing.
Temporary shelter establishments
Unlike semi-stationary institutions that operate only at certain times of the day, social hotels, shelters and specialized adaptation centers provide social service clients with temporary round-the-clock shelter and some other types of services.
Temporary shelter, first of all, is necessary for children who find themselves without housing: orphans; children deprived of parental care; subjected to domestic violence; found themselves in situations that are difficult for the child. A special program of social service principles has been organized for such children.
In the types of social services for minors in temporary shelters, the range of services and activities is much wider than for adults. In addition to comfortable housing, food, medical care, hygienic conditions and organized leisure activities, children receive the assistance of educators, teachers, psychologists, legal and legal representatives. Such shelters act as social rehabilitation centers for children. They help arrange the further fate of minors, thereby preventing child homelessness.
Also, temporary shelter with food, good living and living conditions is provided to the disabled, pensioners who are able to move around and at least partially serve themselves.
Such types of social services are used by people who need supervision, but are temporarily deprived of the care of their relatives due to the illness of their guardians, their departure on vacation, business trips and other reasons for absence.
Temporary shelters can be used by people who have become victims of violence, natural disasters, military conflicts, the homeless and other citizens.
Material aid
Speaking about the types of social services, the population receives them mainly in the form of long-term services. Financial assistance is of a short-term or one-time nature and is provided to poor and needy citizens who find themselves in a difficult situation, such as, for example, the consequences of a natural or social disaster.
Material support can be expressed in the form of money, as well as items of clothing, shoes, warm and children's things, hygiene, transport and technical means, fuel and more.
Urgent social service
This is a one-time assistance that citizens receive in specialized departments of social services. The forms and types of urgent support are used, first of all, by the disabled and the elderly. A much smaller percentage is made up of single citizens, large and single-parent families, the unemployed, homeless, victims of fire, refugees and other people.
Anyone in need who has fallen into a difficult life situation can count on urgent one-time assistance. To do this, you must submit an application to the CSO branch and attach a document that confirms the minimum income or entitles you to receive social assistance.
Urgent departments can provide one-time clothing, warm clothes, items needed in the first place, food rations or hot food, provide elementary or organize emergency medical care, assist in finding employment, legal and other consultations.
Cash assistance in emergency social support offices is provided when citizens need small amounts, for example, to obtain or restore documents and other similar actions.
social consultation
No less than material, in the work of social centers, advisory support to clients is important, which consists in the following types of assistance:
- informational;
- psychological;
- pedagogical;
- legal.
Contact information (when communicating directly with a specialist), as well as written and remote (by telephone) consulting assistance is provided in almost every institution of social services.
In addition, information and psychological support can be obtained from one of the 300 hotlines operating in the country. And this practice continues to spread.
Who and why resorts to advisory activities in social services? Disabled and retired people who find it difficult to adapt to certain changes and conditions in their lives. The work of social counseling centers is to identify among this category of people those who need psychological support, legal advice, and work in the family in order to ease social tension, ensure proper contact and favorable relations of the individual with his family and society.
Disabled people can get the most complete information about education, vocational training and employment. Retirees more often seek help with paperwork and advice on pensions and benefits, judicial protection of their rights, and other issues.
Social advisory support also covers other categories of citizens in need: large families, single-parent and dysfunctional families, women, children, the unemployed and the homeless.
Rehabilitation Services
Social rehabilitation is a complex process of medical, psychological, labor and professional measures aimed at:
- restoration and preservation of health;
- support for social adaptation, the most fulfilling life of a person in society and family;
- assistance in arranging the most favorable living conditions.
Clients of social rehabilitation services are people with disabilities, disabled people, pensioners who have suffered serious illnesses, juvenile delinquents, women and children who have been subjected to violence, and citizens who have found themselves in difficult situations.
With regard to the disabled, such rehabilitation helps such people restore their social status, achieve material independence, and adapt in the family and society.
To achieve this goal, there is a special focus on types of social services in rehabilitation departments. Disabled people are helped to find a job, get vocational training, if required, assist in providing mobile and vehicles assist in prosthetics.
social patronage
Of all types of public services, social patronage is aimed at controlling special families and minors who require constant and long-term monitoring by social services, assistance in the necessary material, economic, household, medical and preventive assistance, as well as the participation of teachers, psychologists and representatives of law. Such work is carried out by city or district Child and Family Support Centers, moreover, it is considered not a social service, but an accompaniment.
Which families and children are subject to patronage? Those who are in the socially disadvantaged and dangerous situation with a tendency to reduce the ability to independently provide for basic needs and living conditions. Close attention is paid to families where parents or guardians ignore their obligations regarding the maintenance, upbringing, education of minors, show cruelty towards them or their behavior have a negative impact on the behavior of children.
Also, families who find themselves in difficult living conditions and are unable to cope with the situation on their own need social support. These are single-parent, large families, parents raising children with disabilities, or who are themselves disabled. In each individual case, the ways and methods of patronage work are selected individually.
In the Russian Federation is gradually being built new system social services and security, which will meet current social needs. Such a system should be based on the real incomes of citizens and their pressing problems. After all, developed social support for the most unprotected and vulnerable segments of the population reflects the economic stability of the state.
The modern transformation of social reality is manifested in the forcing social change in all areas community development. Services social sphere are an important infrastructure component of the implementation social policy and improving the quality of life of the population.
However, before characterizing social services, it is necessary to disclose the concept of "service". Despite the fact that in modern society services play important role, in the literature on economics and in many scientific works there is no generally established formulation of this term, perhaps this is due to the fact that services have a huge variety and affect all spheres of human life.
The French economist F. Bastiat believes that a service is any effort that is made by someone or from which the one who uses this service is released (the idea of social services). According to K. Marx, a service is a kind of useful action of the use value of a product or labor, where he understands the use value as a complex useful properties goods (labor) with which he satisfies certain need person or society. The American scientist T. Hill believes that a service is a change in the state of a person or an object belonging to any participant in economic relations, achieved as a result of the conscious actions of another participant in these relations, while the interaction takes place on the basis of their voluntary agreement in advance. In our opinion, T. Hill's definition more broadly reveals the essence of this definition and it can be applied in the theory and practice of social services to the population.
One of the key components of the social sphere is social service, which performs strategic function reducing social tension in society. E.I. Kholostova, N.P. Shchukin considered the problems of institutionalization, factors of formation, functions and principles, means and forms of this system. In their scientific works, they believe that the main goal of social services is to provide society with affordable and high-quality social services that contribute to the creation of favorable conditions for development " human capital”, maintaining and improving social status individual, groups and communities. In accordance with the Federal Law of December 28, 2013 No. 442-FZ “On the Basics of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation” (hereinafter - Law No. 442-FZ), social services are activities for the provision of social services to the population.
Therefore, it should be noted that the essential core of the activity of the social service system is social services aimed at improving social well-being and the quality of human life. Legislatively, a social service is defined as an action (actions) in the field of social services, which consist in providing assistance of a permanent, periodic, one-time nature, as well as urgent assistance, to a citizen, the purpose of which is to improve living conditions and (or) develop his ability to independently satisfy his basic needs. vital needs.
It is very important to note that at present the provision of social services is focused on activating a person's own potential, forming the individual's responsibility for himself and the well-being of his family, thereby abandoning the policy of state paternalism.
The provision of social services to the population is based on the following principles:
1) ensuring equal, free access of citizens to social services, regardless of their age, race, gender, nationality, origin, language, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs and membership in public associations;
2) targeted provision of social services;
3) the approximate location of social service providers to the place of residence of social service recipients, a sufficient number of social service providers to meet the needs of citizens in social services, the sufficiency of financial, logistical, personnel and information resources from social service providers;
4) ensuring the preservation of the citizen's stay in his usual favorable environment;
5) voluntariness;
6) confidentiality.
Diversity of social services requires effective system classification, which allows us to consider them from the point of view of consistency, complexity and a single focus.
According to Law No. 442-FZ, the following social services are presented by types of problems to be solved:
Social services are aimed at helping a person in everyday life;
Social and medical services are focused on maintaining the health of the client, organizing the necessary care for him, assisting in the implementation of health procedures, conducting systematic monitoring of his health;
Socio-psychological services are aimed at correcting the psychological well-being of the client for adaptation in society;
Socio-pedagogical services are focused on the prevention of deviant behavior, personal development the client, the formation of his positive interests, the organization of leisure, the provision of assistance to the family in raising children;
Social and labor services are aimed at the employment of the client and the solution of other issues related to his labor adaptation;
Social and legal services assist in obtaining legal services aimed at protecting the rights and legitimate interests of the client;
Services that increase the communication potential of a client with disabilities;
Urgent social services are provided in order to provide emergency assistance of a one-time nature to citizens who have circumstances that worsen or that may worsen their living conditions.
Let us characterize the system of social services from the point of view of the subject. The main subject of providing social services to the population is the state. It guarantees a certain minimum of services for those categories of the population who, being in a difficult situation, are not able to solve problems on their own. Currently, in Russia, the provision of social services is carried out in addition to public institutions as well as commercial non-profit organizations(NPO), individual entrepreneurs providing assistance and support to the population in certain periods of life. The subject of the provision of services can be the person himself, who finds additional resources to support his vitality in the face of social risks, i.e. self-help as a type of social service.
According to the level of the providing entity, social services are divided into federal ones, that is, these are services that are provided within the framework of legislative acts by the state. The state has reserved the obligation to provide services to persons with disabilities, children (child allowance), mothers (maternity capital); regional social services that are provided to certain categories of the population within the region; as well as social services provided at the level of municipalities, where programs are developed aimed at supporting citizens and providing them with certain types of social services.
According to the object of providing social services, individual and group services can be noted. Individual services are provided to a specific client, taking into account his needs and requests. Group (collective) services are provided immediately to a group of clients united by common interests. For example, services for teaching older people how to work with a computer, services in organizing leisure activities.
Social services can be provided to recipients in various forms of social services, such as: stationary, semi-stationary forms of social services, as well as social services at home.
In terms of payment, social services can be classified as follows:
Budgetary services (at the expense of the state). According to federal law, the following have the right to receive social services free of charge: children; persons affected as a result of emergency situations, armed interethnic (interethnic) conflicts; as well as persons who, as of the date of application, have an average per capita income below or equal to the size of the established limit value;
Extrabudgetary social services (at the expense of charitable contributions and donations);
Extra-budgetary social services, at the expense of the recipients of social services, i.е. provision of social services for payment or partial payment.
So, a social service is an action or actions in the field of social services to provide permanent, periodic, one-time assistance, including emergency assistance, to a citizen in order to improve his living conditions. The modern provision of social services has a subject-subject character, has a target orientation, is carried out by a certain system using various means, forms, methods and technologies, is focused on activating the individual's own potential, development internal resources to solve problems and form responsibility for oneself and the well-being of one's family.
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