First of all, as with choosing any profession, you need to clearly determine that this is exactly what you like, you need, and the benefits of this will be for all people.
What it takes to be an expert
In order to become an expert in property valuation, you can develop an approximate algorithm of your actions:
receive an appropriate education. In other words, you need a degree in economics such as accounting and auditing, marketing, etc. You can get education in order to become an appraiser at any university in the Russian Federation with an economic specialty. At the same time, keep in mind that the appraiser profession is very multifaceted and versatile, which means that becoming an appraiser, most likely, you will have only a certain area of appraisal. For example. If you have received a degree in banking” or “banking business”, then it would be logical for you to get a job in a bank and evaluate collateral or other assets related to the activities of banking structures.
How to become an appraiser
- passing specialized courses for training property appraisers. This stage is more recommendatory, but since you yourself know the chances of getting a job as an appraiser only after graduating from a university are low, it is important to note that some appraisal campaigns, financial and banking structures cooperate with the organizers of special property appraisal courses. Thus, by paying for tuition, you can get a higher chance of getting a job. Also keep in mind that you could pay the same money in the form of a present for employment, and so, at least you will get some additional knowledge.
- work as appraiser's assistant specialized company or other structures listed above. Indeed, practice is the most common type of training not only for the profession of appraiser, but also for any other specialty. In fact, it is better to see once than hear a hundred times, as the famous saying says. Since from the very beginning you will not be trusted to value property of great value, you will help an experienced specialist, thereby gaining additional, more practical knowledge and skills that will actually be useful to you, maybe more than all the material you listened to at the university.
How to become an independent expert
It is necessary to obtain the right to conduct appraisal activities. Maybe this stage was formulated by us not quite correctly, since in the Russian Federation receiving a special document from a certain state structure not provided for, as in Ukraine, for example (according to the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Valuation Activities in the Russian Federation", it is stipulated that the subjects of valuation activities are individuals who are members of one of the self-regulatory organizations of appraisers and have insured their liability in accordance with the requirements of this federal law).
Thus, bring all your papers in line as your employer tells you and work, most of the registration work for you will already be done by the firm. But do not forget that if you want to open a property valuation office on your own, then this should be done in the form of a registered SRO.
Becoming an independent appraiser of property in the enterprise. This step is the final and most important. If you have already been admitted to a self-assessment of a property, know that you have really fulfilled yourself as an appraiser. In the future, you will only improve your skills and master new types of property valuation. In this category, you can enter the valuation of securities, real estate, land, agricultural equipment and machinery, intangible assets intellectual property. But know that you may not be able to keep up with everything, so choose what your soul lies in and become an indispensable professional in your company.
The above stages are the main ones, but there are additional ones that can play in certain cases. important role. For example:
- knowledge legislative framework its activities. You will repeatedly meet with cases of disputes and your assessment will need to be defended in court.
- activities of appraisers often involve law enforcement who deal with economic crimes. These phenomena are associated with frequent abuses by appraisers of their position, and for a certain bribe, an appraiser can overestimate or lower the value of property in a certain situation. Keep in mind that you also need to know the norms of criminal and criminal procedure legislation. In this case, you can protect yourself from legal troubles, but this is the case if you are really not involved in corruption schemes and all sorts of falsifications.
- development personal qualities, that is, sometimes you must be able to convince the interlocutor that he needs an assessment of his property by a qualified worker, and not do it on his own. Tell clients that if they intend to value the property themselves, they risk financial loss. Purposefulness, communication skills, the ability to find a common language with people of different professions and social strata of society is also very important for each participant.
- study certain examples from the practice of property valuation in cases where there were many disputes, which resulted in the infliction of financial losses on your company. In order to avoid such cases, knowing such situations is very useful.
Thus, in brief, we have revealed the main stages of the formation of an appraiser as a professional and personality, an indispensable participant financial market. In general, the profession is very interesting, but to get the result you also need to make every effort, which, in principle, is typical for any industry. The path of becoming an appraiser is not very complicated and does not require fantastic achievements, you just need to want and believe in a favorable outcome of your work, and the rest - money, prosperity, authority - will come with you. Good luck in choosing your profession.
Anastasia Smagina
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When carrying out a transaction for the purchase and sale of an apartment and other real estate, the professional help of an appraiser is almost always needed. This professional is also needed during other real estate transactions. How exactly an appraiser works and what you need to learn in order to build a career in this area is our article.
Shot from the movie "Django Unchained"
An appraiser is a specialist who determines the value of any type of property: immovable, movable and any other, up to property rights and intangible assets.
And this specialty can be obtained at the university. Both as the first higher, and on the basis of an existing one, preferably economic or construction. But already in the form of retraining, that is, in the form of acquiring an additional specialty. Now more than a hundred universities offer training in this discipline (both remotely and on a full-time basis). And this is more than 800 academic hours. So yes, it is a full-fledged profession. The cost of the course ranges from 20 to 50 thousand rubles
In the activities of this specialist there is a division into branches:
- real estate;
- Earth;
- cars;
- property valuation.
A professional appraiser is required when concluding sales transactions, allocating shares, working with securities, determining the amount of damage and other actions. He endures expert assessment, makes a report on the value of the object. For example, a vehicle damage appraiser's report will be used in court if, upon receipt of insurance payments, the amount was underestimated, in the opinion of the car owner. Another example: a bank issues a loan secured by real estate, attracts an appraiser. Based on his report, the bank deducts ten percent from the cost received during the examination, and this is the amount that can be the maximum for the loan.
History of the profession
It turns out that the profession of an appraiser is almost the same age as the two most ancient ones. It was known about 5000 years ago. This work was carried out by the treasurers and clerks of the Lords of the World. They described what was captured or assessed the damage (depending on whether the army won or vice versa), as well as assessed the property that goes to pay taxes.
The first mention of the work of appraisers in pre-revolutionary Russia dates back to the reign of Catherine the Great. And in 1893 Alexander III The Valuation Law was signed. The revolution of 1917 leveled the need for evaluation, as such, so the profession turned out to be unclaimed. She returned to our country only after 1993. IN new Russia This profession was legalized only in 1997.
The myth of profit. Study in the sweat of your face
The work of an appraiser is not as magical and lucrative as one might think. In order to start earning, you need to fulfill a number of conditions.
- The first and most difficult thing is experience. And without experience, they don’t take a job, so it turns out a real vicious circle. Therefore, newly-minted specialists become apprentices to venerable professionals in this field, and undergo internships. Most often, it is free, or you even have to pay extra to a mentor in order to get a positive reference and be admitted to qualifying exams. During the year, the assistant performs all the instructions of the chief, compiles and analyzes hundreds of reports, inspects objects, and studies analogues. If during this time he "does not bend" under huge amount papers, and will present the required characteristic to the qualification commission, he is admitted to the exam.
- After passing the qualifying exam, the appraiser's adventures do not end. He needs to join the SRO (Self-Regulatory Organization). The initial non-refundable contribution to the compensation fund - from 30,000 rubles. In addition, annual contributions from 8,000 to 10,000 thousand rubles. More insurance premiums approximately in the same range.
What qualities should an appraiser have?
First of all, the appraiser must have important quality like communication. The profession involves active communication with people. Therefore, he needs communication skills no less than analytical skills. Equally important is the ability to work with documentation: careful, scrupulous, focused, attentive and respectful attitude to the numbers.
Areas of knowledge used by the appraiser in the work: law, valuation methods, customs regulations, ethics business communication. He also needs skills in working with computer technology and analysis of economic activity.
Where do appraisers work?
After receiving the desired profession, the appraiser has two options: get a job for hire or open your own individual entrepreneur or LLC. In any case, talk about the fabulous earnings of appraisers are just myths. Average earnings at the initial stage, it can be up to 30,000 rubles. Further more. But hardly more than 130,000 rubles a month. For example, a vehicle damage assessor receives from 300 to 5000 rubles for one report. You can physically make up no more than three of them per day. You can roughly calculate that the minimum wage is less than 20,000 rubles.
Real Estate Appraiser
One of the most sought-after specializations in the profession is working with real estate. Its evaluation is required in many cases. Here are a few of them:
- purchase and sale of real estate;
- issuance of loans secured by real estate by banks;
- mortgage;
- allocation of shares in real estate, division, donation;
- registration of property rights;
- Litigation in relation to real estate
- determination of damage;
- insurance;
- privatization, confiscation;
- bringing property into authorized capital;
- transfer to trust management;
- taxes;
- liquidation, bankruptcy.
There is another row additional requirements to a real estate appraiser. When applying for a job, he is required to have a category B driver's license and consent to business trips. The easiest way to become a real estate appraiser will be a specialist with a higher construction education: an engineer, an estimator, since these professions give an understanding of the specifics of objects and their features. Experts recommend considering this profession as an additional one. If fortune is on your side, then from an additional one it can turn into a main one.
Level wages directly depends on the region. The salaries of appraisers in Moscow and the region vary from 36,000 to 150,000 rubles. In St. Petersburg from 20,000 to 95,000 rubles. The farther from the center the region, the less earnings.
Property valuation expert is a specialist who determines the real value of various objects: The profession is suitable for those who are interested in economics and law (see choosing a profession for interest in school subjects).
- real estate;
- business (organizations);
- investment projects;
- assets - financial and intangible;
- Vehicle;
- intellectual property;
- securities, etc.
An appraiser's diploma entitles you to appraise all types of property. But mostly practicing appraisers specialize in one type, depending on the place of work.
The evaluator is a specialist general profile: a mathematician who uses formulas, a marketer who studies the market, an economist who analyzes indicators, a lawyer who draws up a conclusion.
Expert services are in demand for:
- purchase, sale and lease of residential and non-residential premises;
- registration of mortgage loans;
- valuation of collateral;
- allocation of shares in the business;
- calculation of taxes;
- entry into the inheritance;
- definition various kinds damage;
- registration of property rights.
The profession of an appraiser in Russia is relatively young: it appeared in the 90s with the development of market relations. The qualification standards for the profession were defined in 1996. The profession received official recognition only in 1997. IN modern age globalization in this profession, as in any other, international professional standards. Experts who own these methods are the most authoritative and in demand.
Features of the profession
The functional responsibilities of an expert in property valuation largely depend on the type of activity and the object of valuation. But general order work contains the following items:
- collection and analysis of information on accounting and regulatory documents;
- marketing analysis of the market with trends in the object of assessment;
- establishing business contacts and negotiating with the necessary organizations;
- selection of the correct and most appropriate methodology for calculating the object of assessment;
- carrying out appraisal work to establish the market (or other) value of the object;
- if necessary, search for new, most effective practical ways problem solving;
- coordinating the work of partners or other departments of the organization;
- drawing up a detailed report in the prescribed form and an opinion on the assessment of the object, signed and sealed with a personal seal;
- advising the client on issues of legislation on valuation activities and other legal and regulatory documents;
- storage of reports and conclusions on the assessment of the object for three years;
- systematization and collection of data for each object in order to create its own information base for evaluation work.
Pros and cons of the profession
pros
- Demand and prestige of the profession
- High wages for a skilled worker
Minuses
- High level of responsibility for the evaluation results
- The risk of inaccurate assessment, which threatens with a negative reputation and liability
Place of work
- Property Valuation Companies
- Banks
- Private practice as a sole trader
- Own appraisal company (“The law on appraisal activity” allows the creation of a company with a staff of 2 people).
Important qualities
- analytical mind
- broad-minded
- pedantry
- discipline and accuracy
- constant striving to improve the professional level
- special knowledge of the industry in which the appraiser works
- sociability
- purposefulness
- ability to work for results
Professional Requirements
The property appraiser must have:
- appraiser's diploma or certificate;
- professional liability insurance contract to cover losses in case of professional error of the appraiser;
- membership of the SRO of Appraisers (Self-Regulatory Organization of Appraisers).
Where to study to become a Property Appraiser
Russian Institute vocational education"IPO" - recruits students to receive a specialty through a distance program professional retraining and advanced training. Studying at the IPO is a convenient and fast way to receive distance education. 200+ training courses. 8000+ graduates from 200 cities. Short deadlines for paperwork and external training, interest-free installments from the institute and individual discounts. Contact us!
On this course, you can get the profession of an appraiser remotely in 6 months and 20,000 rubles:
— One of the most affordable prices in Russia;
– Diploma of professional retraining of the established sample;
– Education in a completely remote format;
— Certificate of conformity to the professional standard worth 10,000 rubles. For a present!
— The largest educational institution additional prof. education in Russia.
On June 2, 2016, amendments were made to Art. 21 of the Law on Appraisal Activities, according to which appraisers can only be trained at (at) higher educational institutions.
Specialized university for the training of appraisers
Universities with a special course "Property Valuation"
You can also get the profession of an appraiser in other universities within the framework of the specialization "Finance and Credit", where they read a special course "Property Valuation": in, in. Such education will become the most fundamental on the basis of serious training in the field of economics and management.
For specialization in land and real estate valuation
General manager appraisers
majoring in Organizational Management.Additional professional education programs
Many professional lawyers, bankers, realtors, insurers also seek to become an appraiser in order to improve their own professional status, career growth and extra income. They can take additional vocational education programs with
Career steps and prospects
The career of an appraiser usually starts as an assistant appraiser in consulting and appraisal companies, banks. Vertical career possible to the position of head of department or head of your own company. Horizontal growth involves the development of methods for evaluating different objects of property and activities.
What is an SRO of Appraisers? SRO of appraisers is Self-Regulatory Organization of Appraisers, non-profit enterprise, whose functions include monitoring the activities of appraisers and methodological assistance in property valuation. Each appraiser must be a member of the SRO.
The SRO is led by an expert council consisting of experienced appraisers (work experience of more than 3 years) who have passed the EKZ - the Unified Qualification Exam. Members of the council conduct an examination of all reports of appraisers who are members of the SRO. Based on the results of the examination, an opinion of the expert council is issued. This is done to ensure that appraisers do not voluntarily overestimate or underestimate the value of the property.
To join the SRO, the appraiser must make:
- entrance fee from 5 to 10 thousand rubles;
- membership fee annual from 8 to 10 thousand rubles;
- a contribution to the compensation fund of 30 thousand rubles, from which money is withdrawn in the event of a professional mistake by the appraiser.
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The profession of appraiser is one of the most demanded in the labor market. The help of evaluators is used in different situations: when you need to apply for a mortgage on a home, dispute the cadastral value of real estate or determine the cost of restoring a car after an accident. It is to the autoexamination that they turn most often. Therefore, it is not surprising that the question of how to become an independent expert appraiser of cars is of interest to many people who understand cars.
How to become an appraiser
Any qualified appraiser is a specialist who must have a wide range of knowledge in various areas in order to draw up a competent and competent conclusion. So, let's take a closer look at how to become an expert in car valuation.
To begin with, let us explain that among the auto-appraisers there are specialists of various profiles. First, the experts, who determine only the value of the car in accordance with market prices, draw up conclusions for sales transactions, . Their services are also used in case of disputes about property acquired by spouses in marriage, to determine the exact amount monetary compensation owed to the husband or wife upon division. To become such an appraiser, you need to have a diploma of higher education, preferably in economics.
If you are thinking about how to become, get ready for the fact that you will have to get a higher technical education in a specialty that is related to the repair and maintenance of vehicles.
The increased requirements for the skills of an expert in evaluating a car after an accident are fully justified: a specialist in such examinations must have a wide range of technical knowledge in order to draw up an accurate professional conclusion.
Where are appraisers trained?
You can get trained as an expert appraiser of a car in specialized Moscow universities. You can learn this profession from scratch, in particular, at the Moscow Institute of Vocational Education, which was established in 1996 on the basis of the Academy of Management and Market and the Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation. In addition, the institute also offers additional postgraduate education courses, which means that appraiser specialties are also taught here on the basis of higher education. Similar training programs are offered to applicants by the International Academy of Evaluation and Consulting, also located in Moscow. 
The Moscow Automobile and Road Institute, the Plekhanov Russian Academy of Economics and other major universities offer training as an auto expert as an additional vocational education program based on already acquired specialties, usually economic or technical. IN curricula many economic faculties have a course "Property Valuation", which will be a good base for mastering special courses in automotive valuation.
After training, young specialists undergo an internship, gaining experience under the careful guidance of a professional appraiser, and after this practice, they pass an exam, the successful completion of which confirms their competence.
How to start your own business
We figured out the training issues, let's move on to how to open an independent examination of a car. The current legislation allows citizens to access the services of both public and private appraisal companies, significant differences in their legal status No. The professional activity related to the valuation of property is entrepreneurial, therefore the citizen who carries it out must register with tax authorities as an individual entrepreneur or create a legal entity.
If you plan to work on your own, you can stop at the IP. If you are going to form a large staff, open branches and representative offices of your company, it is better to register entity. The most popular organizational and legal form is LLC.
Now more about what it takes to become a car appraiser.
In addition to diplomas and certificates issued by educational institutions and confirming the level of professional education and competence of a specialist, in order to work, an auto expert must obtain membership in one of the self-regulatory organizations (SROs) of appraisers.
It is these organizations that act as supervisory bodies for all appraisers working on the territory of the Russian Federation. 
To join the SRO, you need to pay a certain amount and subsequently transfer the established membership fees every year. In addition, each appraiser is required to insure professional activity in case he causes harm to the customer by his actions: compensation will be paid at the expense of the insurance indemnity.
Do I need a license
An important question that worries everyone who plans to acquire the status of a car appraiser is how to get a license for car examination, because ten years ago it was possible to conduct an examination only with a license. But with the entry into force of new laws in the field of valuation, much has changed.
Let's analyze the main regulations related to the work of the appraiser:
- expert activity in our country is regulated by the provisions of the Federal Law of July 29, 1998 No. 135-FZ “On valuation activities in the Russian Federation”;
- all types of activities that require mandatory licensing are listed in the Federal Law of May 4, 2011 No. 99-FZ “On Licensing certain types activities";
- the legal status of auto experts is also regulated by the norms of the "Qualification Guide for the Positions of Managers, Specialists and Other Employees", which was approved by Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated August 21, 1998 No. 37. The guide contains complete list requirements for qualifications, scope of knowledge and skills of a specialist in automotive technical expertise (expert auto technician).
According to the provisions of these Federal Laws and the handbook, in order to carry out an examination of cars, a specialist does not need to obtain any licenses or permit certificates. Thus, the assessment of a car with a license has long been a thing of the past.
Office opening
The law does not contain rules on whether an appraiser has an office as mandatory condition for professional activity. However, if you created an LLC or a legal entity in another form, it must have a legal address registered with the Federal Tax Service. The company's governing bodies are located at this address. That is, one cannot do without an office of such an appraisal organization.
Customer acquisition
Perhaps this is one of the most difficult moments in the work of the appraiser. Where to find customers if the competition in the market is great, and you have just received an appraiser's diploma? At first, it makes sense to work under the supervision of an experienced appraiser with an already formed client base. So you gain experience and install useful links, acquire your own customers. And when you go on an independent voyage, continue to expand your circle of clients. Use proven and effective methods: promote your social media accounts, distribute flyers, business cards, order promotional publications in local media.
Earnings and nuances of the work of an appraiser
The appraiser's income directly depends on his professionalism and, of course, the accumulated client base. There are enough subtleties in the work of an auto expert, and a specialist comprehends many of them on own experience. One thing is for sure: to become a really good appraiser, it is not enough to know tons of technical information about cars, legal regulations and understand market prices. The appraiser must also have an analytical mind, be able to process large amounts of information, have good communication skills and the ability to present information clearly.
Independent examination of the vehicle: Video
Who can become a forensic expert? This and other questions are answered Alena Valerievna Verkhozina, Vice President, CEO NP "Financial and Economic Forensic Experts" (Moscow).
Not everyone can be a forensic scientist
Potentially any person is an appraiser: it is enough to have higher education, listen to 800 hours of professional retraining, get a diploma of professional retraining, join the SRO - and that's it, the appraiser is already ready.
According to Federal Law "On state forensic activities in Russian Federation» , an expert can be a citizen of the Russian Federation who has a higher education and has been trained in a specific expert specialty. Thus, the main law regulating forensic activities does not provide for mandatory certification.
But in reality, not every appraiser can be a forensic expert, despite the fact that there are no legal restrictions on the minimum experience for an expert. There are at least two restrictions. First: what specialist will the court choose as a forensic expert? The judge will definitely look at what the expert's first higher education is - it is better that it be, say, not musical, but financial and economic. Of course, this fact will be decisive for the judge to believe that this particular specialist can become an expert, i.e. by a person conducting a forensic examination by appointment of a court or investigation.
The second point: not every appraiser will defend his expert opinion in court without knowing the procedural law. Question mandatory requirements there is no need for this specialization yet, but there are moral and ethical requirements. An appraiser who has a higher education, a level of professional retraining, work experience, becomes an expert, this is an intermediate stage between an appraiser and an appraiser - a forensic expert. His next step is to study procedural issues so that, knowing the fullness of responsibility, he can judge the opinion of others, review the opinion of colleagues and issue a verdict, on the basis of which the judge will decide. I emphasize: the appraiser and appraiser - forensic expert have different responsibilities: the appraiser bears liability, and the appraiser - a forensic expert - material and criminal, if he caused damage to someone by his actions.
Therefore, the main task for appraisers, current or future forensic experts, is the development of professional retraining or advanced training programs aimed at studying the procedural requirements for conducting a forensic examination. The specialist must know the basics of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation, the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, know how to conduct an examination, how to legally competently draw up a document so that it has the status of evidentiary value, and is not perceived as just an opinion of a specialist.
Appraiser - Value Advocate
We thought for a long time in the evaluation community about the rules of the game in our market. In the 21st year of the development of valuation activities, the real estate valuation standard was finally adopted. Of course, in my opinion, it was necessary to start with this, but, as they say, better late than never. I hope that other standards that set the rules of the game in the valuation market will be adopted, then there will be less trial and error. When the rules are known and everyone knows how to follow them, no one will specifically want to break them. And this means that the owners will suffer less losses, because the appraiser is an instrument for protecting the owner, an advocate of value. Today, I see good trends: the bodies that regulate valuation activities are beginning to actively engage in the development of standardization. The draft law on forensic activities already provides for mandatory advanced training with the subsequent passing of an exam.
Previously, the appraiser accompanied the voluntary transaction and worked more as a consultant. But the market is actively changing, more and more litigation appears - the development of the economy requires highly qualified specialists. In particular, one of the needs of the market is financial and economic expertise. This type of activity is an accompanying type of appraiser's expertise. The main thing is to learn how to do this type of examination correctly.
The basis for the appointment of an examination?
Evaluation report or expert opinion? That's a moot point. Many say: everyone forgets No. 135-FZ "On valuation activities in the Russian Federation", according to Article 9 of which the basis for the appointment of a re-evaluation is, among other things, a court ruling. And when the court ruling appointed a re-evaluation, then this appointment takes place in the form of the appointment of a forensic expert, and not in any other form. But when an appraiser is called in as a forensic expert, many say: “In this case, we don’t need any appraisal standards, we don’t have to "On valuation activities in the Russian Federation" no relationship." But we must not forget that when an examination is carried out, where an assessment report is mandatory, then the corresponding document of evidentiary value must be a document corresponding to the level of the report. Thus, the conclusion of the expert appraiser must be made in accordance with the procedural requirements for the conclusion and legislation on valuation activities. And in this case, the report on such transactions is attached as illustrative material to the expert's opinion without self-registration of the report.
Valuation standards for real estate have now been adopted, and valuation standards for blocks of shares will soon be adopted, so it will be impossible not to refer to valuation standards in the expert's opinion. And when the conclusion of a forensic expert is required, one will have to be guided by the methodology established by the appraisal legislation.
Appraiser must be protected by conscience
I have always opposed the introduction of a special article of criminal liability for appraisers in criminal proceedings. An appraiser is like a tool to support any transactions, primarily with property. In situations where a procedure has been violated and the evaluator intentionally or unintentionally helped to illegal procedure(did not show the correct value, say), the basis for initiating a criminal case may be the relevant articles of the Criminal Code, according to which he can go as an accomplice to any illegal actions. Once again I will voice my opinion: the appraiser should not have special criminal liability, because today it already exists. If we talk about the responsibility of the appraiser - the forensic expert, then it also exists - for giving false testimony. So, the entire responsibility lies with the appraiser himself, and the main issue here is the purity of the morality of the specialist: if he does not commit deliberate illegal actions, conspiracy and can protect the numbers that he indicated in the report, then there can be no pressure from outside on him. The appraiser must be protected by his conscience.
Forensic examination is a procedural action consisting of conducting research and giving an opinion by an expert on issues, the resolution of which requires special knowledge in the field of science, technology, art or craft and which are put before the expert by the court, judge, body of inquiry, person conducting the inquiry, investigator, in order to establish the circumstances to be proved in a particular case.
The organization and production of this investigative and judicial action are regulated by Federal Law No. 73 “On State Forensic Expert Activities in the Russian Federation”. The main provisions related to the procedural aspects of forensic activities are contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation, the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, as well as in the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. Some aspects of forensic activities that require additions or clarifications were considered in the Decree of the Plenum Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 28 “On Forensic Examination in Criminal Cases” dated December 21, 2010 and Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation No. 66 “On Some Issues in the Practice of Application arbitration courts legislation on expertise” dated December 20, 2006
Prepared by Natalia Panasenko
