Champignons yield 1m2. Growing champignons as a business in a million

Growing champignons as a business and a way to increase your income attracts Lately very many people. However, despite the apparent simplicity in this matter, there are a lot of subtleties and pitfalls that must be taken into account. It is best to start a mushroom growing business small so that you can learn all the features without any major losses. Be sure to understand the conditions that are necessary for the mycelium to be in excellent condition and give a good harvest. It is necessary to pay special attention to the acquisition of high-quality mycelium, which will allow you to receive maximum income, as well as take into account many other aspects of this business.

Room and equipment for growing champignons

In order to properly set up production and at the same time begin to receive a stable income, when we are talking about mushrooms, do not rush. If there are no serious funds that could be invested in this business, it is advisable to start breeding champignons in a small room, for example, in a garage, in a basement or on a balcony. On your own, you can easily take care of the mycelium on an area of ​​\u200b\u200bno more than 10 square meters. Larger plantings will require hired workers. In the future, when the receipt of production will improve and begin to generate income, you can begin to expand. To grow 2-3 tons of products, a room of about 100 m² is required. The profitability of such a business is quite high.

You need to pay attention to inventory. In the event that initially the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe garage or basement is not too large, it is best to purchase or make racks yourself. This will maximize the use of the available space. In addition to the premises, when planning a mushroom growing business, you need to take care of:

• additional lighting;
• irrigation system;
• components for compost;
• containers or bags for planting mycelium;
• purchase of high-quality planting material;
• means of disinfection;
• film and paper, etc.

If a small mushroom farm is organized, at the first stages it will not be necessary to spend a lot of money to purchase everything you need. When arranging the room, it must be taken into account that it is necessary to install equipment for additional ventilation in it. Despite the fact that photosynthesis does not occur in mushrooms, they still need lighting for normal growth and development. special attention requires temperature and humidity. When planting mycelium or sowing spores, it should be + 25 ... + 26 ° C. In the future, it must be reduced to + 13 ° C. A thermometer should be installed in the room and a means for additional heating when necessary.

High humidity is very important for mushrooms. It must be at least 85%. In case of non-compliance with these requirements, a normal harvest will not be achieved. The composting process requires special attention. In this regard, champignons are very whimsical. In order to achieve a quality crop, you need to purchase a ready-made substrate, but if you wish, you can make it yourself. This issue deserves special attention, since the favorable outcome of the entire enterprise depends on it by 80%.

Substrate preparation for champignons

In order for grown mushrooms to give maximum profit, they need to provide an ideal nutrient medium. Approximately 80% of the total mass of the substrate should be compost. The basis for its manufacture is horse manure, mullein or bird droppings, dry straw from winter wheat. It is very important to keep the proportions when preparing compost. For 80% of manure, you need to take about 20% of straw. Compost must be prepared outdoors, as this releases a lot of ammonia, nitrogen and other caustic substances. When working indoors, these compounds can cause watery eyes, coughs, and even poisoning.

To prepare compost, you need to start with the preparation of straw. You need to soak it for about 2 days. Next, you need to put it in the trays with a cross. Each layer needs to be spilled so that it absorbs as much water as possible. After moistening, urea and superphosphate must be added immediately. These substances must be divided into doses in advance in order to evenly fertilize each layer. It should be based on the calculation of 2 kg of urea and 2.3 kg of superphosphate per 100 kg of straw. After the tray is completely laid out, everything must be thoroughly mixed by gradually adding gypsum to the composition, which will later act as a baking powder, and then water and chalk.

These components must be added in limited quantities. For 100 kg of straw, 8 kg of gypsum and about 4 kg of chalk will be enough. Lastly, horse manure is added. The resulting mass must still be allowed to rot. At this time, its temperature can rise to + 80 ° C. It is best to put the compost in a large container or pit. It should rot for at least 20-25 days. Only after that it is possible to grow champignons on it. Compost makes up approximately 80% of the total mass of the substrate. The remaining 20% ​​should be chernozem, peat, sawdust, etc.

The best varieties of champignons for organizing a business

Planting material deserves special attention when planning mushroom cultivation. It should not be purchased on the market. It is necessary to buy planting material in special laboratories where all the necessary documentation is available. Currently, you can easily purchase compost and grain mycelium. These options differ significantly in shelf life. Grain mycelium is a powder that can be stored in the refrigerator at +1°C for up to 6 months. 400 g of spores is sufficient for inoculation of 100 kg of substrate. The compost option is sold in banks. It can be stored at around +20°C for 15-20 days. At +1°C, it can be kept in the refrigerator for about a year. The consumption of compost mycelium is about 450 g per 1 m².

Be sure to pay attention to the choice of mushroom varieties. Good hybrids can produce up to 25 kg of product from 1 m². It is worth considering in more detail the varieties with best performance. Champignon Somicel 608 allows you to get up to 22 kg of product from 1 m². The main advantage of this variety is its long growth, which allows you to stretch the immediate harvest for several weeks, which helps to prevent its loss due to lack of demand. This is especially important at the initial stage of development of such a business, when sales are still small.

Another hybrid to look out for is Silvan 130. It is characterized by precocity, so it will be possible to establish the production of champignons faster. With the creation of favorable conditions, it grows rapidly. The first harvest can be obtained in about 6 weeks. Fruiting bodies have a beautiful hat. The mass of one mushroom reaches approximately 45 g. The yield of champignons of this variety is about 20 kg per 1 m².

For experienced mushroom pickers, a hybrid is suitable Hazer A15. This variety allows you to get up to 29 kg from 1 m². This mushroom is best suited for those who have already established sales. This hybrid is unpretentious in terms of compost composition, but can die very quickly from infections, direct sunlight and drying of the soil. The profitability of such a business will be quite high if all the basic requirements are met, since the yield of the variety is significant.

Mushroom cultivation technology for sale

The process of harvesting from planting mycelium to harvesting fruiting bodies has a number of subtleties. First of all, you should first prepare the room in which the mushroom will be grown by processing it by special means to eliminate bacteria and fungi. Mycelium should not be planted in previously prepared compost. It must be disinfected in advance. Best suited for this purpose heat treatment.

The substrate is necessary for any accessible way heat up to +80 °C. At this temperature, it must be kept for at least 20 minutes. After that, it must be cooled to a temperature of about +25 ° C and transferred to disinfected bags or trays. The layer should be no more than 35 cm. In this case, the risk of damage to the mycelium by pathogenic microflora can be reduced. Next, the grain powder is sprayed. In the future, it must be crushed with a substrate, covering it by 5-6 cm.

After that, it is necessary to maintain optimal conditions in the room. Be sure to protect the mushroom from drafts. The temperature should be around +25°C. Humidity must be maintained at least 85%. After about 14 days, you can fill in the cover soil, which should consist of black soil, chalk and peat in equal proportions. Further, the temperature in the room is gradually lowered to +15°C by ventilation of the room. In this case, there should be no drafts. Harvest appears in about 10 weeks.

Harvesting and product sales

The fruiting period can vary from 2 to 6 months, depending on the variety. With proper care and abundant watering, it is often possible to extend the period of production. Harvesting has certain subtleties. It is best not to cut the legs, but to carefully unscrew them. The remaining holes must be covered with earth and poured with plenty of water. In this place, in the future, the fruiting body is again formed. It is possible to get 7-8 waves of fruiting. Only the first 3 of them allow you to get 100% of the crop. Further fruiting is on the decline. You can store the crop in a cool, humid room for 10-14 days at a temperature of +1 ... +10 ° C. Since the keeping quality of grown champignons is not too high, they need to be sold as soon as possible.

The organization of the finished product needs to think in advance. It is most profitable to sell mushrooms to the end consumer, but it will be extremely difficult to sell large volumes with a single point. It is necessary to take care in advance about finding partners in the form of various restaurants and cafes, as well as small and large retail chains, this will allow you to quickly establish a sales market and will be a good impetus for business development.

Mushrooms are on the list of the most popular types of mushrooms. They are distinguished by a special taste and relatively low cost, due to which they are in great demand among buyers. It is quite simple to organize independent cultivation of champignons, and the implementation costs this business quickly pay off.

Business Features and Benefits

Growing champignons for commercial purposes refers to simple species business. Its advantages are:

• an easy way to grow mushrooms that does not require effort;
• minimum size cash investments at the initial stage;
• high yield.

By equipping a plot of only 3 square meters, you can get about 45 kilograms of champignons.

There are about 200 types of champignons. Of these, only two pose a threat to human health: yellow and motley. For home production two-spored champignons, also known as "cultural" mushrooms, are best suited.

Organization of a mushroom growing business involves the use of an industrial method. It will allow you to get a crop of 2 to 4 tons. But this requires a separate section.

This business has practically no disadvantages, while having a whole range of advantages. In the presence of a closed area, it is possible to ensure stable throughout the year. The tax rate for is quite low. There are minimum requirements for the room in which mushrooms will be grown. Resources for the organization of production are available to almost anyone.

Where to begin?

Initially, it is necessary to develop for the cultivation and sale of champignons. It includes the following steps:

• approximate size calculations;
• business registration;
• arrangement of a room for growing mushrooms;
• purchase necessary equipment and materials;
• selection of the most productive types of champignons, and the study of the technology of their cultivation;
• search for ways to sell products.

First you need to study the potential market, and calculate the approximate volume of champignons that can be sold. It should also provide possible risks and develop ways to solve them.

Do I need permission to open a business, documents

In accordance with current legislation, a permit to open a business for growing and selling mushrooms is issued if:

• phytosanitary certificate;
• certificate confirming compliance with GOST;
• instructions for placement and transportation of mushroom products;
• document on the conduct of radiological control.

Initially, you need to get the status ( individual entrepreneur). Then an application is submitted about the desire to open a production for growing mushrooms. A certificate confirming the payment of the state duty and a personal passport are required.

For growing mushrooms for commercial purposes, you should choose a taxation system (Unified Agricultural Tax).

room

To get a crop of 2 to 4 tons, a plot of 100 square meters is required. To grow mushrooms, you need a special room. It can be bought, rented, or equipped at home if there is enough space.

At the initial stage, renting is best, since it is the cheapest, and if the enterprise turns out to be unprofitable, it will minimize financial losses.

The room should be divided into four sectors with different purposes:

• compost production;
• pasteurization of compost;
• sowing mycelium;
• crop cultivation.

A complex of various systems should be installed in the room:

• climate control;
• communications;
• ventilation;
• humidifier.

To ensure the stable growth of mushrooms, a certain microclimate should be organized in the room. In the absence of the necessary equipment, the most suitable budget option for this purpose is a greenhouse. If the site already has a similar facility for vegetable seedlings, it can also be used for growing mushrooms from September to February.

Greatest Demand mushrooms are observed in winter, so it is at this time that it is recommended to grow them.

Film and glass greenhouses are suitable for champignons. In them, it is easiest to provide the temperature and humidity necessary for growing mushrooms. Also, for the arrangement of the greenhouse, the use of polycarbonate is allowed. In the greenhouse it is necessary to organize:

• gas or electric heating system;
• ventilation to eliminate carbon dioxide released by mushrooms;
• shelves to increase the amount of grown mushrooms.

Also, mushroom cultivation can be organized in the basement, shed, garage or attic. The requirements are the same as for the greenhouse. But the floor must be cement to reduce the chance of mold. Regardless of the room chosen for the mushrooms, a draft must be excluded. Mushrooms will have enough light used by the owners of the basement for their own convenience.

Equipment and materials

To provide conditions for growing mushrooms indoors, you will need:

• ventilation and air conditioning with thermal control;
• refrigerator for storing products;
• water heaters (for space heating and providing the required humidity indicator);
• lighting system.

If the cultivation of champignons is not carried out in a greenhouse, then a solution of bleach is additionally required. This substance disinfects the space of the room, reducing the risk of diseases.

To grow mushrooms, you need to make a substrate consisting of:

• straw;
• sunflower husks;
• non-coniferous sawdust.

Mushrooms are grown in boxes, bags, pallets, on shelves filled with a special substrate.

The most productive varieties of champignons

In the list of the most productive and cultivated varieties of champignons are:

1. Silvan 130- a selective hybrid species, bred by American research, which is characterized by unpretentiousness, high yield and rapid growth.

2. Somycel 512, 608 - a hybrid species bred by French scientists, which is distinguished by a stable and long-term harvest (the disadvantage lies in the requirements for conditions of detention).

3. Houser A15- a variety popular in the American and European markets, which is characterized by a high yield, minimal requirements for various composts, wide hats.

If you plan to grow champignons throughout the year, it is recommended to use an imported species called Horst V1 and V3.

Growing technology

Growing mushrooms involves a simple technology. But inexperienced people will have to take into account a number of subtleties so that the mushrooms do not die. First you need to prepare the room. In addition to installing equipment, cleaning should be carried out using antibacterial detergents.

Purchasing or making compost

Ready-made compost can be purchased at the store, or you can prepare the substrate yourself. To do this, sawdust, sunflower husks and straw are crushed, poured with hot water and cooled. This process is called pasteurization.

You can learn more about how to make your own compost for growing mushrooms by watching this video:

What climatic conditions are needed

The optimal temperature that is suitable for growing mushrooms is 25 degrees Celsius above zero. The minimum humidity indicator is 85%. After the cover soil is filled into the container with mycelium, the temperature gradually drops to +15 degrees Celsius. For this, ventilation is used.

Methods and stages of cultivation

Initially, you need to purchase mycelium. It can be bought at special mushroom growing enterprises, or in stores selling flower and garden products. You can collect mycelium on your own only in the laboratory.

The substrate is loaded into plastic bags, in which the mycelium of champignons is laid. They need to make two-centimeter holes at a distance of 15-20 centimeters. Under suitable climatic conditions, mushrooms will grow at the site of the holes. Also, manure, lime and urea can be used as a substrate. Many people choose to purchase land dedicated to growing flowers.

If the substrate is poured into a tray or box, its thickness should be no more than 23 centimeters. Due to this condition, the likelihood that pathogenic microflora will harm the mycelium is minimized. A five-centimeter layer of grain powder is poured on top of the substrate, which is covered with another layer of substrate of the same thickness. After 2 weeks, the cover soil is poured out, which includes black soil, chalk and peat.

Watering is required periodically. For this, a spray gun is used. It creates an effect similar to rain. If you water the mycelium from a watering can, the mushrooms will not sprout. Mushrooms should not be exposed to direct sunlight - they can harm the crop.

Harvesting

If the planting technology has been used correctly, the first harvest should appear after 2.5 weeks. On average, the duration of the harvest period is 4 months, depending on which type of mushroom was used. High-quality watering can increase this period.

When picking mushrooms, do not cut off the legs. Mushrooms are separated by twisting. After that, the place where the mushroom grew is covered with earth and watered. Thanks to this method, new champignons will sprout in place of the plucked mushroom.

If you follow the technology of growing champignons, you can get up to 8 waves of fruiting. But a full-fledged harvest is observed only from the first to the third wave. In the future, its volume gradually decreases.

Mushrooms can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 2 weeks.

Staff

To grow mushrooms in large volumes, a staff of 3-4 people is required. This number of employees will be enough to harvest from 5 tons per year. Depending on the positions, the staff should consist of workers and a driver. The list of job responsibilities includes:

• planting and growing mushrooms;
• harvesting;
• processing the premises and maintaining the necessary conditions.

The driver is engaged in the delivery of products to points of sale.

Business expenses, approximate calculations

About 3.5 million rubles will be required to organize production for growing champignons. Of which will be spent:

• 15 thousand rubles - for business registration;
• 2 million rubles - for the purchase of premises;
• 200 thousand rubles - for the improvement of the premises for growing mushrooms;
• 1 million rubles - for the purchase and installation of the necessary equipment;
• 25 thousand rubles - for the purchase or production of compost;
• 10 thousand rubles - for the purchase of mycelium;
• 25 thousand rubles - for the development and implementation of a marketing program.

If, instead of buying, the premises are rented, or production is organized on its own territory, you can save 2 million rubles. To support the business, it is necessary to allocate about 70 thousand rubles a month. From this amount is used:

• 10 thousand rubles - for payment utilities;
• 40 thousand rubles - for wages employees (with a staff of 3 people);
• 12 thousand rubles - to pay taxes;
• 5 thousand rubles - for the purchase of raw materials;
• 3 thousand rubles - to pay for transportation costs.

If you work on your own, devoting most of your time to the business, you can save 40 thousand rubles. But, given the amount of work, in this case it is also recommended to hire at least one assistant.

Profitability, how much income you can get

The profitability of this business ranges from 25% to 40%. But initially the income will be minimal. The average cost of 1 kilogram of champignons is 200 rubles. In the first 2 months, production will be unprofitable, since this period will be required to grow the crop.

With a stable increase in the emergence of mushrooms over three years, the yield should increase by 2 tons. The average monthly is about 83 thousand rubles. Including monthly expenses net profit varies from 11 to 40 thousand rubles, depending on whether they will be involved in production additional workers, or not.

In the second year, it will increase to a size of 30 to 70 thousand rubles. For the third year - from 60 to 100 thousand rubles.

Risks

The main risks are pursued by inexperienced people who decide to immediately organize large mushroom plantations. In the absence of experience, there is a high probability that some of the mushrooms will die or not sprout, and the business owner will suffer losses.

But even with experience in this area, there is a risk of death of fungi due to pests and diseases. To minimize this option, the room must be regularly cleaned.

Another risk is related to the search for a market. It must be done in advance. Otherwise, you can grow too a large number of champignons, for the implementation of which there will not be enough buyers.

Growing at home

It is quite difficult to organize the production of champignons for commercial purposes at home. Mushrooms can be grown on the balcony, in the pantry or in a spare room. Such an area will not be enough to get the volume of mushrooms necessary to open your own business. Therefore, growing champignons at home is suitable for those who want to have mushrooms for own needs.

Growing champignons - good way open own business. But this requires a large room and knowledge of the technology of growing mushrooms. Therefore, to begin with, you should undergo training and try to collect a small crop.

Or a quick payback is the dream of many people. For those who love to plant and harvest their gardens, there is a great opportunity to "grow" a profitable enterprise that provides a steady income. This is the cultivation of champignons as a business (at home).

Year round business

Mushrooms are a year-round product in demand. From them they prepare delicious dishes and housewives in their kitchens, and chefs in restaurants of any level. For most people, mushrooms are a tasty and healthy product for which they are willing to pay money. For others, growing mushrooms as a business is a source of income.

The process of running a mushroom business is not burdensome, and you can start making profit in two months. The main thing is to decide on the place and volume of the enterprise.

Conditions for doing mushroom business

Like any profitable business, growing champignon mushrooms as a business requires the preparation of certain conditions and calculations.

The choice of location can be determined by the following criteria:

• For year-round business, you can equip a greenhouse.
• If there is a cellar, barn or basement, they can be equipped for a mushroom enterprise.
• Seasonal cultivation of champignons - as a business for the spring-summer period: under fruit trees in the open field.

The simplest of them is seasonal cultivation, as it does not require special equipment.

The benefits of mushroom business

The launch of any enterprise should begin with calculations for investment, payback periods and profits. The acquisition of mycelium today is not difficult, as is the search for a market for mushrooms, so the clear advantages of this business are obvious:

• Getting the first profit in the third month after laying the mycelium.
• Possibility of receiving a constant year-round income.
• A simple activity, accessible even to a beginner.
• Use of any utility rooms.

The business plan "Cultivation of champignons" should begin with finding and equipping a suitable place.

Greenhouse business

Many gardeners choose to use their greenhouses for a double benefit. They collect mushrooms in them from September to February, and then proceed to plant early vegetables. This approach gives maximum profit, since a higher demand for mushrooms is observed in autumn-winter period, and for early vegetables - in the spring.

Growing champignons as a business, the reviews of entrepreneurs confirm this, it is better to do it from autumn to spring, since with the advent of vegetables, the demand for mushrooms drops somewhat.

Greenhouse arrangement

For champignons, you can adapt an ordinary film greenhouse or tinker and build it according to the Grachev principle. Glass covers are also suitable. The main thing is that in such rooms it will not be difficult to create the required temperature and humidity, the conditions so necessary for mushrooms.

A greenhouse made of film or polycarbonate is the easiest option for a room so that growing champignons as a business brings less hassle and brings more money.

Stages of arranging a greenhouse:

• First of all, you should provide the room with heat. It can be heating with gas or electricity. It is also important to provide good ventilation, as the compost on which mushrooms grow releases carbon dioxide, which must be removed regularly. Enterprising farmers have adapted to plant cucumbers, zucchini and pumpkins in mushroom greenhouses. This makes it possible to spend less time on maintaining the microclimate, as the plants complement each other and coexist perfectly side by side.
• Growing champignons as a business gives profitability quickly through the use of shelves. This Dutch method makes the most of the space, leaving room so that the crop can be harvested conveniently and quickly. If it is possible to invest in containers, this will make it easier to care for mushrooms. Containers can be plastic or wooden boxes that are treated with an anti-mould agent.
• Soil preparation.

You should invest in the arrangement of a greenhouse if you organize a year-round business. If you correctly draw up and implement a business plan, growing champignon mushrooms in specialized premises provides a quick return on investment and a steady income.

Mushrooms in the cellar

To keep investments in the business minimal, if there is a basement or cellar, you can use their area. Suitable room criteria:

• The best option would be a well-cemented floor to make it easier to keep clean and not expose the mycelium to mold infestation.
• In order for the cultivation of champignons as a business (reviews, photos of those who are already making a profit confirm this) high income and a bountiful harvest, it is better to equip the room with shelving. They save space and allow planting myceliums with different maturation periods on each tier, which puts the process on stream.
• Mushrooms do not need lighting, so it is possible to equip light sufficient for the convenience of those who care for them and harvest them.

Basement equipment for a mushroom farm

• Ventilation should be of high quality, not letting in insects, for which a fine mesh is used. At the same time, it is important that there are no drafts, therefore, in addition to hoods, it is appropriate to use fans above the beds or air filters.
• Growing champignons as a business also requires constant regulation of humidity and air temperature. It is necessary to equip the room with a hygrometer and a thermometer. To increase the humidity, it is enough to spray the beds and the floor, and to lower it, ventilate or turn on the heating.
• If the room is large enough, then it can be divided into a zone for growing mycelium and a department for growing champignons, which will significantly increase productivity and, consequently, profit.
• Disinfection of the premises is mandatory before starting work. It can be whitewashed with lime mixed with blue vitriol, spraying with 4% formalin solution or fumigation Mushrooms are susceptible to mold and pathogens therefore, the crop should be checked, and diseased specimens should be put in a separate container and destroyed.

Growing champignons as a business (reviews on how to grow from other gardeners is confirmation of this) is a matter in which it is recommended to use any room, even one that is not quite suitable at first glance. The main thing is to protect it from drafts, heat, ventilate and protect it from pests and mold. Plants will thank you with a high yield.

Compost preparation

The purchase of mycelium and the preparation of a nutrient medium included in the business plan "Cultivation of champignons" are the most important points in it. The highest yield is obtained if applied to compost. But if this is not possible, then cow or bird droppings will do.

Substrate Ingredients:

• horse dung;
• straw;
• urea;
• ammonium sulfate;
• superphosphate, chalk or alabaster.

To make good compost, everything should be laid in layers. The straw soaked during the day is laid with the bottom layer, then manure, again swollen straw and manure. There should be 6-8 such layers. When laying, each layer must be watered with warm water.

After 3-4 days, all layers must be mixed, urea and superphosphate should be added to them. After another 3-4 days, mix again and add the remaining ingredients, and so 4-5 times, and only in the last batch, gypsum is added to the nutrient medium.

Planting mycelium

After the compost is “ripe”, it is necessary to add the “seeds” of champignons to it in order to get a mycelium. For 1 m 2 of the nutrient medium, there are 500 g of compost mycelium or 400 g of grain spores.

They sow the substrate, for which they make indentations with a finger at a distance of 20-25 cm, the seed is placed in them. If spores are used for sowing, then it is enough to sprinkle the nutrient medium with them.

The air temperature for the incubation of the mycelium should be +20 ... +27 degrees. When, after 10-12 days, the mycelium begins to actively grow, it should be sprinkled with a mixture of peat, earth and limestone in proportions of 5: 4: 1 and periodically sprayed, preventing the nutrient medium from drying out.

Harvesting

The "mushroom" farmer will be able to harvest his first crop in 35-50 days, given that the compost ripening is 20-25 days. Depending on where the ripening takes place and how well the medium has been prepared, the yield can be either very high or mediocre.

Growing champignons as a business, reviews of experienced "mushroom pickers" confirm this, is a very profitable business, since the fruiting cycle can be made year-round.

The air temperature before the ripening of mushrooms should be +22 ... +26 degrees. If it is hotter, then the champignons will climb up very quickly and will have a small hat on a long stem. Such a product will not be sold. At a temperature of +12 degrees, the mycelium will cease to bear fruit. Therefore, as soon as hats appear and a mushroom smell is felt, the temperature must be reduced to +15 ... +16 degrees.

Collect mushrooms carefully so as not to damage their base. To do this, you need to hold the bottom of the legs and the ground with the fingers of one hand, and separate it from the mycelium with the other with a slight turn. It is necessary to remove all the fruits, even small ones, because if you cut only large mushrooms, the rest stop growing and begin to rot.

It should be borne in mind that with the right approach, you can collect from 5 kg of champignons from 1 m 2 for several cycles. Therefore, when calculating the scale of the business, you should immediately think about how much space to use for it.

Harvest storage

To preserve the harvest from a large plantation, when it is difficult to manage in one day, you need to think about refrigerators in advance. Their capacity is calculated from the amount of a kilogram of the finished product from 1 m 2. So, in a room of 30 m 2, it will be an average of 150 kg per day.

Picking mushrooms is a delicate process, and it does not tolerate haste. In addition, the harvested crop should be sorted by quality and size.

Before placing the mushrooms in the refrigerator, they should be slightly cooled in a room with an artificially low temperature.

If for some reason the champignon cap is covered with brown or gray spots, and the leg is twisted, then you need to urgently remove the diseased fungus from the mycelium along with its nearby "relatives". The affected area should be sprinkled with table salt. If these measures are not carried out, then you can infect the entire plantation, and you will have to start the business all over again.

When a disease is detected, it is required to find the source and neutralize it. This can be caused by mold, which is easily fixed. It is advisable to burn rotten mushrooms, and then thoroughly disinfect clothes and hands.

In no case should you use chemicals or poisons from pests. After their use, champignons will become hazardous to health and must be destroyed. It is better to lose a mycelium or several than to risk someone's life.

Mushrooms are not too capricious, so it is enough to be careful about the absence of mold and insects in order to get a prosperous and profitable business.

• The finer points of harvesting
• Sales of products
• • • • Similar business ideas:

Growing champignons - interesting business which many farmers are interested in. This product highly valued and always in demand among the population. And how fast it grows. From one square meter, with strict observance of technology, up to 20 kilograms of mushrooms are obtained! The mushroom business is superior in profitability to many types of agricultural activities.

Step-by-step plan for starting a mushroom growing business. Where to begin.

It is difficult to oversaturate the mushroom market. According to some reports, middle city with a million inhabitants eats about 20 tons of mushrooms per month (2 tons for every 100 thousand people). It turns out that in the conditions of one city at least two or three very large mushroom enterprises can easily get along. It should be noted, however, that not every major city there is a similar production. As a rule, mushrooms are brought from neighboring regions.

"Pitfalls" in cultivation technology

With all the attractiveness of the business, the mushroom business is by no means an easy task. The mountains of gold promised to farmers by suppliers of equipment and mushroom mycelium are mostly an illusion. There are so many examples of how novice farmers went bust in this business. There are too many nuances to consider in order to produce a mushroom. They made a small misfire in something - and there will be no harvest. When growing champignons, a lot is important, from the microclimate to harvesting. In the mycelium, it is necessary to create conditions close to real ones. For example, watering champignons is carried out by spraying, thereby simulating rain. If you simply pour water, the mushroom will not sprout. The temperature and humidity in the room is also extremely important. The optimum temperature for the growth of champignon is 24 degrees with a humidity of the cover layer of 75 - 80%. As a substrate for growing the fungus, horse manure, wheat straw, lime and urea are most often used. Some farmers do not invent anything, but simply buy ready-made soil intended for growing flowers. A big difficulty in growing mushrooms is getting mycelium. The same mother liquor from which mushrooms grow. Unfortunately, it is not possible to grow mushroom mycelium at home, only in the laboratory. A lot of conditions must be met in terms of sterility. Naturally, mycelium needs to be purchased on the side, from specialized companies. And here you need to be a good economist, so as not to miscalculate with the calculations. Approximately 1 kg of mycelium and 6 kg of compost are required per 1 square meter. Buying mycelium will cost 200 rubles, and compost 50 - 100 rubles. If everything is done “according to Feng Shui”, then no more than 4 weeks will pass from the moment of planting the mycelium to harvesting. From one square meter it is realistic to get up to 15 kilograms in 2 - 4 months. For a year, a small farm of 100 square meters can produce up to 6 tons of champignons.

The finer points of harvesting

The main thing is to harvest correctly - the mushroom must be twisted, and not pulled out and not cut with a knife. As a container, it is better to use containers with a capacity of 3 - 4 kg. Store the crop should be at a temperature of 0 - 4 gr. So mushrooms can stay absolutely fresh for up to 12 days.

Sales of products

Mushrooms are in the greatest demand in the winter and spring seasons. But in summer and early autumn, demand drops sharply. The reason for this is the appearance of a forest mushroom, which, of course, is tastier than artificially grown products. There may be problems with the implementation, any farmer will confirm this. The main buyers are food retail chains, which, alas, are reluctant to cooperate, or require an exorbitant fee for "shelf space". Another way of marketing is selling mushrooms to processors, cafes and restaurants or wholesale dealers. Without a special sales department, most likely, you can not do it.

How much money do you need to start and how much can you earn growing champignons

Let's briefly calculate the main income and expenses for growing our mushrooms. I think this is the most interesting point for beginner businessmen. We warn you in advance that the calculations are approximate and cannot accurately reflect the real picture of things. Because too many factors can affect the final profitability indicators (cost of raw materials, heating, selling price, force majeure, etc.). Input data:

• Sowing area - 1 chamber per 200 m2
• Type of property - own heated premises
• Number of permanent employees - 4 people.

Estimated initial investment:

• Growing equipment (racks, boxes, watering) - 200,000 rubles.
• Installation of an air conditioning and ventilation system - 250,000 rubles.
• Lighting - 30 000 rubles.
• Refrigerators - 100,000 rubles.
• Purchase of mycelium and compost (for a year) - 200,000 rubles.
• Other expenses - 50,000 rubles.

Total - 830,000 rubles. Fixed monthly expenses:

• Utility payments - 12,000 rubles.
• Salary and insurance contributions - 100,000 rubles.
• Pesticides, film, paper - 15,000 rubles.
• Other expenses - 10,000 rubles.

Total for 12 months - 1,644,000 rubles. Income:

• With an output of 15 kg / m2 from 200 squares, we collect 36,000 kg of mushrooms per year.
• The wholesale selling price is 150 rubles/kg.
• Annual revenue - 5,400,000 rubles.
• Net profit for the year - 3,756,000 rubles. (excluding taxes)

As can be seen from the calculations, investments pay off actually from the first harvest. However, this is a very optimistic forecast, which does not take into account possible crop losses (for example, due to errors in cultivation technology). Experienced farmers can get a high yield, but beginners - not a fact. Another reason for monetary losses may be the banal lack of distribution channels for products. This happens when the landmark goes to several major buyers, and they, as a result, refuse to take products. In addition, in the initial investment, we did not include the cost of arranging the premises and its repair. That is, we got the sown areas ready. In practice, this happens very rarely. A novice farmer will most likely have to place production either in a rented room or build his own building, which will significantly increase the initial investment (up to 5-6 million rubles). In this case, the optimal payback can be considered 1.5 - 2 years, with strict observance of the mushroom growing technology.

What equipment to choose for growing champignons

enough to open profitable business associated with the cultivation of champignons, first of all, you need to take care of the equipment that is required for this process. It might already be finished premises, which contains everything you need. If you do not have the opportunity to purchase an already equipped place, then you should place the following equipment in it for growing champignons:

• air conditioning and ventilation system (for temperature control);
• refrigerating chambers (used for further cooling of products);
• steam generators and water heating boilers (to generate the required amount of thermal energy);
• lighting systems.

Which OKVED to indicate when registering a business

To register the production of champignons, you must specify the OKVED code 01.13.6 - the cultivation of truffles and mushrooms.

What documents are needed to open

First of all, to create a mushroom growing business, you must have the following documents:

• IP registration certificate;
• personal passport data of the business owner;
• opening application;
• a document certifying the payment of state duty.

Which taxation system to choose for business registration

For those who consider the cultivation of mushrooms as a profitable business, a taxation system that uses the single agricultural tax (UST) is suitable.

Do I need permission to open

This type of activity is the most problematic, since to open it you need to have the following permissions:

• certificate of a phytosanitary institution;
• declaration of conformity with GOST;
• instructions for storage and transportation of products;
• a document confirming the passage of radiological control.

Phase duration

Pasteurization tunnel

* Steam is used to moisten the compost when working in the winter.

Mycelium

Compost and cover soil

*Depending on humidity and cultivation method.

Mushroom yield*

* The author received a yield of 375 kg per 1 ton of compost.

Growing chambers

Storage

Comments

I visit your site many times, I am very interested in this business, but I don’t know where to start, if you don’t mind, tell me

Tell me how to start a business.

I want to know how to prepare compost in a silo?

I would like to know where you can turn to personally talk on the topic: growing champignons.

3. Dear Alexander, I want to grow mushrooms. Please help me. Write where to get mycelium. Thanks a lot.

   Hello, Alexander. I have been trying to grow mushrooms for 2 years. I don’t have a tunnel, so I don’t steam it. Productivity is 10-11 kg. Is it possible to get a crop of 20 kg without a tunnel? And how to achieve this?

   Dear Alexander! When producing compost, is sawdust allowed in chicken manure and does it greatly affect the quality of the compost?

6. Hello, Alexander. Thank you for letting me know about this activity. I read a lot for mushrooms, but I still have questions. And if you don't mind, I'll ask you. Thank you

   Question. Need for fresh air: up to 20 m? for 1 m? cultivation areas. This is per hour and constantly or can be periods.

7. Alexander, the Dutch take 450,000 USD for work. is this a normal price? or Expensive!?

8. How much do your services cost?

9. Hello, dear Tsarev Alexander Vladimirovich, I have a question, is it possible to grow champignons on compost prepared from cattle manure?

   Hello, dear Tsarev Alexander Vladimirovich, I have a question: please tell me, when harvesting, what needs to be done, that is, do I need to fill it with mycelium again ..... and one more question if it doesn’t bother you, please tell me if you need to change it yourself compost, if so how long

   I'm interested - the mycelium is intended for one-time sowing or it grows, the ratio of mycelium and the finished product

   Assalom alaikum Aleksadr Vladimirovich I wish you even more success and give you your goals in the future, please answer how much money it will take to build a mission like yours, but only ten acres for mushrooms, thank you in advance.

10. Hello, dear Alexander Vladimirovich, I'm interested in what square
    it is possible to organize a continuous production cycle

11. champignons did not grow, is it possible to use compost again

12. Hello, I would like to grow champignons, is it possible to ventilate the room with fresh air or just air conditioning,
    what is the maximum yield from 1 m? for 1.5-2 months of cultivation???
    And where else can you buy mycelium and compost in Ukraine, somewhere near the Volyn region?
    Thank you in advance!!!
    Sincerely, Peter!

    Hello Alexander Vladimirovich! I am interested in what area is needed for the construction of a compost plant? Thank you!

13. Tell me please, we are engaged in vegetable growing, we have 20 sq m of usable area prepared for growing champignons, an equipped room. We plan for ourselves and to get acquainted with the growing conditions. How much compost is required for this?

    • Approximately 2 tons

How to start all this, from a clean slate, who will tell you. [email protected]

One thing is not clear, what is the need for fresh air in the process of mushroom growth, the table indicates up to 20 cubic meters per square meter, in what unit of time? An hour, a day? Who knows, tell me


Good afternoon Please tell me. Are the fruiting figures indicated for a month?

Good afternoon
In the compost formula, you specified chicken manure. I'm going to use horse manure. Tell me which is better?

• Kind!
  Not really good idea contrast horse manure with chicken manure. Of course, compost can be made from horse manure (or horse manure), but to increase nitrogen, you will have to add some amount of chicken manure. Or an additive containing the missing organic nitrogen.

How can I contact you?

• If you, Mikhail, send feedback at least some of my contacts, I will contact you as soon as possible.

Hello, Alexander Vladimirovich, your compost preparation layout lists only four ingredients (straw, manure, gypsum, water)
Other sources recommend adding to the above ingredients (urea, superphosphate, saltpeter). Which option is better to choose? And if you add it in what proportions per 10 tons.
@mail.ru

• Hello.
  In any case, you will have to choose what you will make compost from. I can only say one thing, the fewer components, the easier it is to choose a compost formula. The formula is calculated based on the results of the analysis of raw materials. I wrote about this many times in my answers. I hope by "manure" you mean chicken manure.

  Good evening!!! May I have your contacts? With uv!!

Hello Alexander Vladimirovich! my name is Nurdan, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
please tell me what is the need for steam for pasteurization per 10 tons of compost?
pasteurization chamber with a size of 10 sq.m. or 30 cubic meters, sandwich panel walls. kg/h.? THANK YOU!

• Hello Nurdan! I don't use steam to pasteurize compost. If the tunnel is done correctly, then the heat generated by the compost itself is enough. You also have to remove some of this heat with fresh air.
  As for the steam consumption rates for compost heating, in the old literature I met the figure of 5 kg of steam per hour per 1 ton of compost. Although the compost will begin to warm up at a rate of up to 2 degrees per hour from 2.5 kg of steam per hour per ton of compost. More accurate figures depend on the thermal conductivity characteristics of the pasteurization tunnel and the steam temperature.

Good day! I want to start growing champignons, buying sown compost, growing them in ready-made climatic chambers. The question is one, how much does one m2 give per month ?? Does the compost need to be changed once a month? I will be very grateful to you for the answer. If it's not difficult, send the answer to @mail.ru

• Hello.
  If you carefully read this article, then without much difficulty you can calculate that you can grow an average of 25-30 kg of mushrooms per 1 m2. Why before, because nothing can grow if you treat this topic superficially. And the growing cycle lasts not a month, but usually 9 weeks, when using phase 2 compost. And compost replacement is done (you guessed it) every 9 weeks too.

Good afternoon My name is Timur and after reading your articles, I have questions, or rather two of them:
First: I have... well, let's say 300 thousand rubles, what are my prospects?
Second: tell us about sales, how to break into the network, which ones are preferable and what are their requirements, and what volumes is it realistic to sell to a novice farmer without a reputation?
Thank you for your attention and for your interesting site. And God grant you prosperity, God sees a good deed you are doing, enlightening people.

• Hello Timur.
  If we are talking about industrial volumes (judging by your interest in networks), then at 300 thousand rubles, the prospects are close to zero. And, to be honest, for non-industrial ones too. With a big stretch, you can think of some kind of amateur cultivation in very small volumes.
  As for sales issues, usually, with my participation in the creation of new productions, the customer completely takes over the topic of sales. Although, according to the reputation of a novice mushroom grower, I can safely say that it (reputation) is made up of the quality of mushrooms, their prices, the regularity of supplies, and the ability to communicate with buyers. And I would put volumes at the very end of this list. And you can sell mushrooms not only through large retail chains ...
  And separately I want to say that I am glad that you found something useful for yourself on the site.

Hello! I have a desire to do this! How to contact you?

• Hello. Please send me some of your contact information and I will contact you.

Hello how can I contact you or how can I buy compos ready


• Hello Aibek.
  Please send your contact details and I will contact you. As for the sale of compost, then I can not help you. It is a long way to bring it from Russia, but I have no information about the production of compost for sale near Kyrgyzstan.

  Hello Alexander Vladimirovich. We have a 30 sq. m. (garage) and a height of about 3.5 m. Approximately how many kg of champignons can be collected from this area, and will it be cost-effective?

  Hello Alexander Vladimirovich. We have a 47 sq. m, and a height of 3 m (garage) (I made a mistake in the previous post). How many kg of champignons can be harvested from this area per year, and will it be profitable?

  Hello Jan.
  According to an approximate calculation in your premises, you can collect from 1 ton of champignons per turn. With a very successful outcome of events up to 1.5 tons. This is provided that the garage will be used solely as a grow room. Everything else will be somewhere outside the garage. As for profitability, it is difficult to say without studying the issue. But the fact that you will not be bored to live is 100%. In addition, long breaks in picking mushrooms between rotations are also not in favor of your idea.

Good afternoon
What is the minimum volume of your compost plant in tons and investments?
On used equipment with a briquette machine.

Good afternoon Alexander, I have a room of about 1000 sq.m, on the 3rd floor of the house, I wanted to start growing mushrooms, how can I get your advice?

• Hello.
  Of course, the 3rd floor does not inspire enthusiasm, but if you send your contacts via feedback and introduce yourself, then I will contact you and we will talk about this topic.

Hello! Your site is very good and very interesting! I would like to ask you! My friend and I have a room of 250 squares, 20 tons of compost are placed there, the greenhouse is fully equipped for growing mushrooms, sales points have already been developed and there is some kind of incomprehensible technologist, hence the question is whether we should take on this business, whether it will make sense and profit, especially since the business is planned to be divided in half, and, accordingly, profit! Do we have any prospects?

• 20 tons of compost is 4 tons of mushrooms, if there is a place to sell them, then you yourself understand what it is worth. Sales Issue - Most main question, in my opinion .. You need to study the technology yourself, otherwise your whole business will depend on one person, which will necessarily lead to disastrous results .. Again - my opinion ..

  Hello Ivan!
  On the one hand, with 20 tons of good compost, you can get even more than 4 tons, which the previous comrade writes about. But on the other hand, the presence of only 1 growing chamber can complicate the sale of mushrooms. Since there will be large time intervals in the harvest. Chamber turnover on phase 2 compost is typically 9 weeks, with 8 weeks of caking. And the mushroom picking takes 3.5 weeks. You can calculate how much you will be without mushrooms. Of course, there is a way out, to sell the mushrooms ourselves, without selling them in bulk somewhere. Therefore, in my understanding, the prospect is rather doubtful in terms of the economy. But if this topic warms your soul, why not practice. But get ready that at least the first time, training will be paid.

  Good afternoon, Alexander Vladimirovich! I would like to talk to you about growing mushrooms. You have a lot of experience in this enterprise, your advice and opinion will be very important to me! If not difficult, please contact me
  tel. 8 988 (viber, whatsapp) or 8 962

There is an opportunity to grow champignons. But there is a problem - how to make compost yourself, how to determine its main indicators, where to find equipment for composting.

I want to grow champignon mushrooms. How many kg per 1m2. grown
Approximately? I want to understand the profitability of growing

Hello Alexander Vladimirovich. I have a building with a gas block of 120 m2 divided into halves of 60m2. the height is 3m.

• Hello. The potential yield of a tonne of standard quality phase 2 compost per growing cycle starts from 20% and above. There is enough information about this on my website and in other sources. The maximum can reach above 35%. From 6 tons it turns out from 1200 kg of mushrooms and above. But this is exactly potential and from normal compost. How much you will collect in your particular case - the answer can only be obtained in practice.