This is one side of the problem of longevity. It is related to the social conditions of people's lives.
There is another, biological side of the problem, which is inseparable from the first.
How long, according to its biological properties, can a person live, being in favorable conditions? social conditions? What is the lifespan of which a person is physiologically capable?
Scientists have tried to find an answer to this.
For example, Buffon, who lived in the 18th century, proposed his own way of solving the problem. He calculated how long pets grow. This is determined by the growth of bones. When the bones stop increasing in length, this means that the growth of the body has ended. It turned out that a dog grows up to two years, a cat - up to one and a half years, a cow - up to four, a horse - up to five, a camel - up to eight years, and so on.
Then he took the lifespan of each animal and divided it by time (growth. The result gave an average figure of six. Then Buffon concluded that the life of any higher mammal animal, including man, is five to six times longer than the period of its growth. Human growth ends at about twenty-five years old, and it remains to multiply this number by six, and the problem, according to Buffon, is solved: it turns out to be about one hundred and fifty years.
The famous Russian biochemist Academician Lazarev, who lived at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, proposed his own method for determining the biological lifespan that can be achieved by a person.
In what way did he consider it possible to establish the duration, the degree of viability of the organism?
Lazarev argued that the vitality of an organism is most accurately expressed in the work of the sense organs, in the sharpness of their susceptibility. He put this idea at the basis of his calculations.
Usually death comes when the sense organs have not yet worn out, when they retain sufficient receptivity and sensitivity.
Knowing to what extent the functions of the sense organs decrease over a certain period, it is possible to establish how much more time would have to pass for them to completely stop.
That's when natural death would come.
Lazarev's calculations showed that the lifetime of the centers of the sense organs, that is, the limit of their existence, lies between 150 and 180 years.
Again came out the same approximate 150 years, as in Buffon.
It must be said here that neither Buffon nor Lazarev found laws for determining the biological duration of life. What they considered to be laws, in fact, were only assumptions, hypotheses.
But they must have found some grain of truth. It is interesting that other scientists who have dealt with the same issue and applied their own methods have come to approximately the same conclusions.
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Lord, how good was Captain Bartholomew Roberts, tall, slender, shy with delicate features. And what a luxurious uniform! Before boarding, Roberts always put on a doublet embroidered with gold, a hat with a feather, a large cross with diamonds on a gold chain. And how kind he was, what manners he had!
But the most surprising thing is that this pirate has always adhered to the principle: do nothing that could upset his mommy. And when Bartholomew in his prayers turned to her, who had long been in heaven, he was not ashamed.
On November 1, 1850, the French archaeologist Auguste Mariette discovered the Serapeum necropolis near the ancient Egyptian city of Memphis - the burial place not of people, but of the sacred Apis bulls, the earthly incarnations of the god Ptah.
The Industrial Party case is one of the most controversial trials of the 1930s. At times Soviet Union this page of history was carefully avoided, as, indeed, many other events related to repression. Today, this process is usually called fabricated, organized in order to justify the failures of the first five-year plan. But is it really so?
Soviet people were deservedly considered one of the most romantic in the world. By and large, romance is a useful thing: it elevates above reality, helps to overcome difficulties and not see "the individual shortcomings that still exist." Romance can also become a powerful tool for those involved in ideology and propaganda. And the Soviet authorities understood this well ...
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How many people can live? Gerontologists say that people have already been born who will celebrate their 150th anniversaries, and over the next 20 years it will be possible to live 10 centuries.
How long to live?
Americans say about themselves that they are madly in love with sensations. Most likely, this is why the news that the Chinese Li Ching-Yun died at the age of 256 blew up America and became the most widely read.
The New York Times and Time Magazine wrote about it back in 1933. However, doctors are not inclined to believe this, and documents confirming this fact have never been found. But the very idea that someone lived for two and a half centuries still haunts dreamers of a long life.
On the other hand, many gerontologists are convinced that we live much less than nature allots us. The officially documented longevity record belongs to the Frenchwoman Jeanne Calment, who took her life lightly and "without worries." She lived for 122 years. Genetics have not found anything special in her body.
Who wants to live?
Popular science journalist David Ewen gathered an audience of all sorts of older people and asked what life expectancy they dream of - 80, 120 and 150 years, or even infinity. Most of the respondents answered that they are quite satisfied with the age of 80, and they often think of death as an inevitable event.
And this despite the fact that people have been provided with a lot of medicines and medical devices that can radically prolong life. Businessman Jun Yun, who was present at that meeting, voiced the real cost of longevity. It's about for a hundred or more years. In his opinion, even now it can cost no more than one million dollars.
Interestingly, most gerontologists believe that sincere love for life is prerequisite longevity, and the thought of death, like a smoked cigarette, reduces the data of nature of the year by a few minutes.
Medicines for life
Physician Laura Helmut claims that "we have a 50/50 chance that in the next 25 years we will bring mortality under a hundred years under control." She gave a personal example of how current advances in medicine affect life expectancy.
“My great-great-grandmother died at the age of 57, probably from a heart attack,” Laura Helmut shares her observations. My great-grandmother passed away at the age of 67 from a stroke. My grandmother takes medication for high blood pressure and high cholesterol. She will be celebrating her 90th birthday next week. She thus became the first person in my family to live long enough to see great-grandchildren. Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease is a huge achievement in the field of longevity.”
The next medical victory, which will dramatically increase life expectancy, will be a complete cure for diabetes. This was reported by experts from Genetic Engineering Technology in the journal Science Translational Medicine. They managed to create antibodies that activate brown adipose tissue cells, utilizing fats and normalizing blood glucose levels. Meanwhile, the current statistical observations show that people who do not have diabetes live decades longer than diabetics. Thus, for an average person who monitors his health, in the near future with high proportion chances of living a hundred years or more.
Millennium life
Aubrey de Gray, a professor from the University of Cambridge, is an indisputable authority in modern gerontology. It would seem that only because of this, he must be a skeptic or, in any case, a cautious pragmatist. If only because for too long the best minds have unsuccessfully searched for the elixir of youth. However, the scientist claims that the term of human life can be increased tenfold. “People who will live to be 150 have already been born,” says Aubrey de Grey. – Moreover, in the next twenty years, there will be a person who will celebrate New Year third millennium. It's all about anti-aging drugs, the first generation of which has already appeared.
Dr. Aubrey de Gray describes aging as a lifelong accumulation various types molecular and cellular damage in all human organs. “The idea is to do preventive geriatrics,” he explains, “in other words, periodically repair molecular and cellular damage before it reaches pathogenicity.” He sees ways to maintain cellular health in stem cell therapy, the use of which will help replace diseased tissues with healthy ones.”
In this case, it is possible to get away from the expensive cultivation of human organs and their transplantation instead of damaged ones, and with poorly predictable consequences. The fact is that transplantation is always fraught with complications and risks for the whole organism, if only because, for example, “an old, albeit not diseased, liver will not always be able to work harmoniously with new kidneys.”
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How many people can live? Gerontologists say that people have already been born who will celebrate their 150th anniversaries, and over the next 20 years it will be possible to live 10 centuries.
How long to live?
Americans say about themselves that they are madly in love with sensations. Most likely, this is why the news that the Chinese Li Ching-Yun died at the age of 256 blew up America and became the most widely read.
The New York Times and Time Magazine wrote about it back in 1933. However, doctors are not inclined to believe this, and documents confirming this fact have never been found. But the very idea that someone lived for two and a half centuries still haunts dreamers of a long life.
On the other hand, many gerontologists are convinced that we live much less than nature allots us. The officially documented longevity record belongs to the Frenchwoman Jeanne Calment, who took her life lightly and "without worries." She lived for 122 years. Genetics have not found anything special in her body.
Who wants to live?
Popular science journalist David Ewen gathered an audience of all sorts of older people and asked what life expectancy they dream of - 80, 120 and 150 years, or even infinity. Most of the respondents answered that they are quite satisfied with the age of 80, and they often think of death as an inevitable event.
And this despite the fact that people have been provided with a lot of medicines and medical devices that can radically prolong life. Businessman Jun Yun, who was present at that meeting, voiced the real cost of longevity. We are talking about a hundred years or more. In his opinion, even now it can cost no more than one million dollars.
It is interesting that most gerontologists believe that a sincere love for life is a prerequisite for longevity, and the thought of death, like a smoked cigarette, reduces the data of the year by nature by several minutes.
Medicines for life
Physician Laura Helmut claims that "we have a 50/50 chance that in the next 25 years we will bring mortality under a hundred years under control." She gave a personal example of how current advances in medicine affect life expectancy.
“My great-great-grandmother died at the age of 57, probably from a heart attack,” Laura Helmut shares her observations. My great-grandmother passed away at the age of 67 from a stroke. My grandmother takes medication for high blood pressure and high cholesterol. She will be celebrating her 90th birthday next week. She thus became the first person in my family to live long enough to see great-grandchildren. Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease is a huge achievement in the field of longevity.”
The next medical victory, which will dramatically increase life expectancy, will be a complete cure for diabetes. This was reported by experts from Genetic Engineering Technology in the journal Science Translational Medicine. They managed to create antibodies that activate brown adipose tissue cells, utilizing fats and normalizing blood glucose levels. Meanwhile, current statistical observations show that people who do not have diabetes live decades longer than diabetics. Thus, the average person who monitors his health will, in the near future, with a high degree of probability, have the opportunity to live a hundred or more years.
Millennium life
Aubrey de Gray, a professor from the University of Cambridge, is an indisputable authority in modern gerontology. It would seem that only because of this, he must be a skeptic or, in any case, a cautious pragmatist. If only because for too long the best minds have unsuccessfully searched for the elixir of youth. However, the scientist claims that the term of human life can be increased tenfold. “People who will live to be 150 have already been born,” says Aubrey de Grey. “Moreover, in the next twenty years, a person will appear who will celebrate the new year of the third millennium.” It's all about anti-aging drugs, the first generation of which has already appeared.
Dr. Aubrey de Gray describes aging as a lifelong accumulation of various types of molecular and cellular damage in all human organs. “The idea is to do preventive geriatrics,” he explains, “in other words, periodically repair molecular and cellular damage before it reaches pathogenicity.” He sees ways to maintain cellular health in stem cell therapy, the use of which will help replace diseased tissues with healthy ones.”
In this case, it is possible to get away from the expensive cultivation of human organs and their transplantation instead of damaged ones, and with poorly predictable consequences. The fact is that transplantation is always fraught with complications and risks for the whole organism, if only because, for example, “an old, albeit not diseased, liver will not always be able to work harmoniously with new kidneys.”
