Medicine is a very complex science, however, at the same time, of course, it is one of the most useful. medical specialties there are about 60 names, and this is only a list of doctors. But we should not forget about the nursing staff: paramedics, nurses (nurses), laboratory assistants, dental technicians, obstetricians, etc. I must say that they play one of the most important roles in medical practice.
And so today Reconomica I decided to reveal all the features of the profession from the list of nursing staff, or rather, we will talk about a nurse. To date, the profession of a nurse is considered one of the most sought after and popular. The requirements for such workers are no lower, and sometimes even more, than for doctors. After all, it depends on the nurse how the procedures will go, how comfortable the patient will feel, how the treatment will proceed. Often a nurse communicates with patients even more than doctors. It is precisely about such irreplaceable people that our new article is about.
My name is Kamanina Ekaterina Valerievna, I am 23 years old, I have been working as a procedural nurse in the urology department at the St. Petersburg International Medical Center for 3 years.
Nurse for the doctor - the right hand and a faithful assistant, for the patient - a reliable support and close friend.
It is she who fulfills all the doctor's prescriptions, helps the patient to adapt to the hospital environment, monitors his condition, answers questions of interest, supports and sets up for recovery.
Competent work and a friendly attitude of the nurse increase the success of the treatment prescribed by the doctor, have a positive effect on the emotional and physical health of the patient.
Nursing is a specialty, the importance of which can hardly be overestimated.
Medicine is a rapidly developing industry, so you don’t have to “get stuck” in knowledge, you need to master the skills of working with new medical equipment over and over again, study new drugs, and apply new technologies for patient care in practice. The work is very interesting, active, connected with communication with people.
Knowledge, skills and education necessary to master the profession
In 2014, I graduated from the Ulyanovsk Pharmaceutical College with a degree in Nursing, where I also received a certificate for admission to work in the Nursing specialization. The term of study was 3 years and 8 months.
It was hard to study, but interesting. They didn’t give any concessions, excuses like “I was sick, here’s a certificate” and “I spoke at the event” weren’t rolled. Any missed topic had to be learned and handed over to the teacher in the form of rewritten lectures, oral response and practical manipulations. And this is right, because at work you have no right to make a mistake, because people trust you with their lives.
During the training, a lot of time was devoted to practice in the hospital. From the first year we visited various medical institutions: maternity hospitals, polyclinics, hospices, health schools, children's hospitals, etc. Therefore, before going to work, I could try one or another specialization in my own skin.
In different areas of medicine, the necessary knowledge and skills may vary.
The knowledge and skills that a nurse should have vary in different areas of specialization (surgery, internal medicine, cardiology, pediatrics, etc.), but the basic ones should be at the highest level.
Qualities of a nurse.
For a successful job placement, you need to be able to provide first aid, perform different kinds injections, competently maintain medical records and perform a number of nursing procedures. It also requires knowledge of sanitary standards, the main groups of drugs, indications and contraindications to them.
This is a small list of key knowledge, skills and abilities. Specialized ones can only be obtained when applying for a job, and they will depend on the chosen vacancy.
For example, for a nurse to work in the registry, it is not necessary to be able to put droppers, it is enough to keep documentation competently, but to work in an operating unit or anesthesiology department, on the contrary, it is necessary to pass extra education and get the appropriate certificate.
What should a procedural nurse be able to do?
I work as a procedural nurse. Accordingly, I must be good at performing various types of injections - intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, etc. Patients in our clinic are tested, so I need to know how to prepare the patient for the delivery of a particular test, correctly collect the biomaterial and transport it to the laboratory. In addition, I must competently maintain medical records - write out referrals, fill out mandatory journals attached to my office.
Procedure nurse at work.
Since everything is now computerized, it is necessary to have at least a basic knowledge of a PC in order to simplify your work.
Where and how to look for a job
Finding a job as a nurse is very easy. There are a lot of offers. It is enough to place an ad with your own on the Internet or search on various sites offering jobs.
You can also go to the nearest hospitals and find out for yourself if they need an employee. As a rule, there are always vacancies or appear in the near future, you can find out about them by leaving your contacts.
You can ask friends who work in this field if their organization needs employees. Friends can advise you to the employer, talk about the pros and cons of working in this institution, and with a subsequent job, they will help you adapt to the workplace.
During the course of educational medical practice, you can personally agree with the head so that he will accept you in the department you like after graduation.
I found a job simply - I posted an ad with my detailed resume on the Internet. The same day I got a call and was offered an interview.
Mandatory conditions for employment
In my field, finding a job is very easy, even for a nurse.
Some hospitals specifically look for newcomers to train them from scratch in their specialty, as young professionals are usually ambitious, quick to grasp the material and have fresh knowledge.
The interview is conducted by the senior nurse of the hospital.
It takes the form of a conversation, but sometimes the employer may ask you to demonstrate skills in practice, for example, set a sterile table or fill out documentation.
During the interview, the employer asks Special attention for the following points:
Diploma and valid certificate
With a diploma, everything is clear, but about the certificate in more detail. Initially, it is issued at an educational institution after passing special paid courses. The validity of such a certificate is 5 years, then you will need to pass them again in order to be allowed to work.
It's a big advantage to have a valid certificate. It is unlikely that an employer will want to pay for courses to a beginner who may not even work for him. Subsequently, when you are already working, and the certificate expires, advanced training always takes place at the expense of the employer.
Availability of health certificate
A sanitary book is drawn up at an educational institution for admission to practice. The employer draws attention to the current medical examination. If it is not there, then no one will allow you to work until it passes.
It is better to have a fresh medical examination before the interview in order to get to work as soon as possible, as sometimes the employer is in dire need of an employee and may refuse in favor of another candidate. As with the certificate, after getting a job, all medical examinations are carried out at the expense of the institution.
Knowledge and skills
They again depend on the profile of the institution in which you will work. Don't lie to your employer about your skills.
For example, I had very little experience in intravenous injections, and I did not know how to take blood with vacuum devices, only with a syringe, but I was good at intramuscular and subcutaneous injections. The employer agreed with such conditions and gave me time for an internship and training in their institution.
Appearance
Clean hair, ironed clothes, minimal, discreet makeup, short nails without polish, no jewelry on the hands, clean shoes - all this is very important.
“You look like angels in white coats,” a patient once told me.
"Angels" do not have long red nails, defiant makeup and a dirty robe. It must be remembered that you are the face of the institution in which you work. Tattoos and piercings are not welcome. It is better to remove the piercing, and hide the tattoos under clothing.
PC knowledge level
Even the most a basic level of computer knowledge. Much documentation in medicine is now maintained in in electronic format, there are special patient registration programs, and almost all laboratories accept applications for analyzes only via the Internet. Some medical devices only work when connected to a computer.
Special programs are taught at the workplace, but you need to know how to turn on the computer, type text and send a document for printing. Knowing the basics of working on a PC will help you easily master other medical equipment and increase technical literacy.
Sociability
It is known that the word can both heal and cripple. Therefore, the employer pays close attention to your speech. You will have to talk a lot. Explain to the patient plain language everything that the doctor said, tell how to prepare for the test, explain the essence and benefits of the procedures, talk on the phone, report to the doctor about the patient's condition.
To be able to console with a word and inspire hope in speedy recovery is a very important skill.
The ability to get out of conflict situations is appreciated, and those are not uncommon, since the mental state of a sick person is very unstable, and he can “splash out” all the stress on you. In this case, it is better to remain silent or support and reassure the patient.
Work schedule and main responsibilities
I quickly found a common language with the doctors, they were all loyal to me, prompted and taught me a lot.
I got a job at the clinic with a schedule of 2/2 for 12 hours of working time. On weekdays, the working day starts at 9.00 am and ends at 21.00, on weekends at 10.00 and ends at 18.00.
The team is mostly young, everyone is very kind and open.
We love to spend time together outside of work - we get out into nature and in cafes, we go to visit each other. The authorities are trying very hard to rally the team: they maintain friendly relations between colleagues, arrange corporate parties, give gifts, and quickly resolve conflicts that arise.
It was hard to get used to the specificity of the department, after all, urology is a very intimate matter, and you have to work mainly with men. But the main thing here is to put yourself not as a woman, but, first of all, as a medical worker who wants to help.
How is my working day
I come to work half an hour before the start of the working day, as I need to change into a medical uniform and prepare the office for receiving patients. The working day begins with filling medical journals: shift change log, temperature in the refrigerator with drugs, etc. I check the equipment of my office and the doctor's office, then I do a wet cleaning and turn on all the equipment.
Patients come to me for drips and appointments at intervals of 10 minutes to 2 hours. Also, the doctor who is taking at this time in his office can make an appointment for treatment from the appointment or ask to take the tests from the patient. Plus, patients come without an appointment who just want to get tested.
A procedural nurse has many concerns and responsibilities.
A lot of work with papers, almost every action needs to be recorded in certain journals, since in medicine everything is as responsible as possible, no one will take your word for it.
The flow of patients is quite large, you spend almost all day on your feet, but for me this is a plus - time flies very quickly, and movement is life, whatever one may say.
There is no fixed lunch, you eat when you have no patients. But I will say that I have time to eat 3 times a day for sure. The working day also ends with wet cleaning and filling out paperwork.
Communication with patients deserves a separate topic.
Often you have to guess what the patient really wants from you. For example:
Take my analysis from there.
- What kind of analysis do you need?
- Are they different?
So you guess - what, where and how to take.
Preparation is important for many tests. Ask the patient:
Did you come on an empty stomach?
Yes, but I just ate.
The most unusual tests that they asked me to take were “blood for KOALAgram” (no, not at all for the content of koalas in the blood, but a coagulogram - blood for clotting), “blood for the content of urine in it” and “smear from the mouth for genital contacts".
When taking genital swabs, they often ask: “Do you have to take off your pants, or something like that?” Surely, "somehow" we'll manage.
Patients can sometimes surprise.
And the ingenuity when using containers for transporting analyzes to patients is not to be occupied! Urine in a cognac bottle or a bucket of mayonnaise, feces in the "egg" from the "kinder surprise" - guess which part of the "surprise"!
But sometimes we ourselves scare patients
Once I decided to pour blood from a syringe into a vacuum tube and did not think that the vacuum container itself would draw in blood, therefore, inserting a syringe into it, I pressed the piston with force.
As a result, the needle breaks off, and blood splatters in a small fountain all around: on my snow-white dressing gown, on the tiled walls, blinds, cabinet with drugs. At this time, a patient comes to me and says: “Sorry, I came early.”
I turn to him in all my glory and, like a butcher from a horror movie, I broadcast: “Wait in the hallway, your time has not come yet.” The patient quickly retreated out the door with a strangled "Oh!" and round eyes.
Communication with foreigners
The contingent of patients is very different, some come from other countries. A patient from Germany had to explain everything in words, because I did not know the language, but we still understood each other and communicated very warmly in mixed English-Russian.
I love my patients and they love me back. The main thing is to find an approach to everyone.
I repeat that work in the urological department requires maximum tact, courtesy and intimacy.
Standing in front of the nurse important tasks- verbally prepare the patient for the procedure, try to win favor, overcome his shyness as much as possible with him.
Of course, sometimes you are so mentally exhausted that it is very difficult to even just talk to patients. At such moments, I imagine myself in the place of the patient, how confused and frightened he is, and you are his lifeline and a bright ray. Then I exhale and again begin to smile at everyone, cheer and reassure.
The salary of health workers is a sore subject
The work of a nurse is not paid as adequately as we would like, especially in public hospitals. The salary is small, the responsibility is huge, hence the shortage of personnel. Now nurses receive about 10-20 thousand rubles in state hospitals and 20-50 thousand rubles in private clinics.
The work of nurses is paid unfairly.
My pay is 190 rubles per hour, in holidays double payment. General wage depends on the number of shifts you take during the month. Payments are made twice a month.
With a 2/2 schedule, my salary is approximately 30 thousand rubles. 190 rubles is multiplied by the number of hours worked per month, and 13% tax is deducted from this amount. Monthly premium behind Good work and the absence of complaints - fixed 3000 rubles. Plus 10% of the amount of tests that patients want to take themselves, without a referral from our doctor. All wages are white.
When I first got a job, I received a small salary for the first time, about 11 thousand, because in the first month I tried to take fewer shifts and did not start working from the beginning of the month.
But if you want to earn more, then you can ask the head nurse to give you extra shifts in other departments. If you need to replace an employee, again, these are additional shifts and additional pay.
The biggest salary I received was 45 thousand, it was in January, many employees were on vacation, had to be replaced, plus the holidays were paid twice, and there was a large influx of patients taking tests.
I think that such a salary is quite decent for 15-16 days a month, and the work is not too difficult. Vacation paid - 28 calendar days. Free lunches, a medical uniform and a 30% discount on treatment and testing for you and your next of kin are provided.
Pros and cons of the profession
As in any other profession, there will always be both advantages and disadvantages in the work of a health worker. Let's talk about them in more detail.
Positive sides
1. Big choice and variety of jobs.
2. Decent wages in private medical institutions.
3. The opportunity to consult a doctor with your problem in work time. You can undergo an ultrasound scan, take tests at a discount and “on the job”.
4. Patients indulge in presents. I don’t buy sweets at home, as they often thank me with chocolate, sweets and cakes. There are also unusual gifts. One patient gave me a huge wooden box self made. Another, being the editor of the Hunting and Fishing magazine, brought me a new issue of the magazine at every appointment. And another gave 10 pairs of white socks, explaining that it was cool in the clinic, and my socks were thin.
5. After 30 years of work, a nurse can retire, but only if she worked in an institution where she has medical experience. If you work in countryside You can retire after 25 years of service. There is no seniority in our clinic, so I won’t be able to retire early.
6. Medical literacy. You can recognize the disease yourself, refer to the appropriate doctor, take tests from your relatives, treat them at home, but strictly after the doctor's prescription!
7. Ability to communicate with people and help them. From this arises such an unprecedented feeling of pride in oneself and joy for others.
Negative points
1. Low wages in some institutions.
2. Some patients may insult, shout, write a complaint against you. All people are different, you should not pay attention to this, but it is better to focus on the good.
3. You can not do a manicure and wear jewelry. But this problem is more for women.
4. Risk of injury with a needle after an injection or contact with biological fluids on the skin and mucous membranes. But to prevent this, it is enough to observe safety precautions and know how to provide yourself with emergency assistance.
5. Professional burnout. I have met such nurses who are already morally exhausted. Hence - rudeness to patients, dismissive attitude towards them and indifference. I believe that it is necessary to fight this by simply maintaining humanity and mercy in oneself.
I think that the profession has undoubtedly more pluses, and the minuses can be minimized.
Parting words to readers
Working as a nurse is not as scary and hard as it seems. The main thing is not to lose a person in yourself, to be open and sympathetic, to understand the mood of the patient.
Specialists of the profession are middle medical personnel with a certain range of duties. In relation to the doctor, the nurse is a junior specialist. This information is included in the Nursing Diploma. Both women and men can be specialists. To do this, it is enough to have a secondary specialized medical education and undergo training in nursing.
Positions, duties and types of nurse
There are several types of positions related to this profession. In medical institutions there are different job titles: midwife, nurse, packer. The positions held by men are called: obstetrician, orderly, nurse, packer. And although all of the listed professions have different responsibilities, each clinic still interprets them in its own way.
For example, a nurse is not on the same level as a nurse: the latter has other duties. She gives instructions to the junior staff (the hostess, the barmaid, the junior nurse and the nurse, including). A specialist in this profession is responsible not only for giving orders, but also for monitoring their implementation.
According to the profile of work, nurses are divided as follows:
- Home. The sister has a higher medical education, her duties include issues of labor organization and advanced training of junior and middle staff.
- Older. The “chief” nurse differs from the “senior” one in that the latter participates in administrative and economic matters, assists the head of the department of the polyclinic, and controls the work of the ward nurses.
- Guard or ward. Performs the duties assigned to her in the wards (care for the sick, monitors the condition of patients).
- procedural. The sister carries out the instructions of the doctor, helps to carry out manipulations, takes blood from a vein for medical research, performs infusions and intravenous injections.
- Operating room. Assists the surgeon during operations, prepares for surgery (prepares underwear, dressing and suture material, surgical instruments).
- Precinct. Helps the local doctor during the reception of patients who live in the area assigned to the doctor. The nurse conducts preventive measures, performs medical procedures at home.
- Dietician or dietitian. She works under the guidance of a dietitian, her duties include compiling a menu, monitoring the distribution of food, monitoring the sanitary condition of the dining room.
- Children's. This is a sister of a children's hospital with the skills of communication and dealing with children. Pediatric nurses provide care for newborns and children up to adolescence.
There are nursing staff who work with highly specialized doctors, assist and carry out their instructions: they put droppers, prepare tools. They work with ophthalmologists, neuropathologists, otolaryngologists.
A separate category of nurses is staff for civil defense. These sisters have non-medical, but higher education. Such nurses must be trained and qualified in a higher educational institution related to the reserves of nursing staff. If the patient has a higher pedagogical education, then it is possible to teach the basics of medicine in institutions of secondary education.
Categories of nurses
Mandatory to receive qualification category is certification of nurses. There are 3 skill levels, which is defined as a "category":
- second;
- first;
- higher.
Certification directly depends on the length of service: to obtain the highest category, you need to undergo training and work in your specialty for at least 7 years, the first - 5 years, the second - 3 years. For attestation commission the nurse must prepare a report for the work done and submit it no later than 4 months before the date of certification.
Training
Nursing workers should at least once every 5 years take refresher courses and training. They are organized at the expense of the budget of the medical institution or Money employees. Such training and advanced training programs for nurses help not only to gain new knowledge, but also to move up the career ladder, or retrain and become a more highly specialized nurse.
Examples of programs and the cost of learning new knowledge:
- nursing care for newborns - 14,000-20,000 rubles. The program includes educational activities and classes in reality simulation centers.
- nursing in pediatrics - 14,000-21,000 rubles. The program is necessary for district nurses of polyclinics, for specialists preschool education and schools.
- nursing in surgery - 14,200 rubles. The course is suitable for hospital surgical nurses, primary care professionals, outpatient and clinical surgical nurses.
List educational institutions where you can get additional training and improve your skills as a nurse:
- St. Petersburg Center for Postgraduate Education;
- Higher Medical School in Moscow;
- Academy of Medical Education. F. I. Inozemtseva;
- Training Center of the Association of Medical and Pharmaceutical Universities in Moscow;
- CNTI Progress.
How to study to be a nurse
Before you apply for nursing education, you need to know what a nurse should be like. The specialist must be friendly, considerate and have a sincere desire to help each incoming patient. It is necessary to have communication skills in order to explain to the patient the need for procedures without entering into verbal altercations with him.
To become a nurse, after graduating from a secondary school, you need to enroll in a specialized secondary institution - a medical school or college. During their studies, all students are sent to the hospital for practice, where they conduct training on how to put droppers, apply bandages and give injections, that is, they learn to fulfill their duties.
The nurse must be able to perform simple procedures After receiving a diploma, you can go in search of a job. Career development is possible in the following variations:
- Receive a salary increase by working in the same position, constantly improving your skill level.
- Develop in the administrative direction: you can become a head nurse of a hospital or to start a department.
- Go to medical school and become a real doctor.
The average salary of nurses depends on the type of profession, category and duties. Below are the data of the highest paid nursing positions:
- children's nurse in Ukraine - 32000 UAH;
- a nurse at a cosmetologist in Russia - 30,000 rubles.
Key items: Chemistry, Biology, Russian language, Anatomy, Physiology
Tuition fee (average in Russia): 200,000 rubles
Job description:
*the cost of education is indicated for 6 years at the full-time department.
Nurse(nurse) - a specialist in the field of nursing, a professional assistant to the attending physician.
The male version of the profession is a nurse.
Features of the profession
A doctor or paramedic examines the patient and prescribes treatment, someone must fulfill these appointments: give injections, put droppers, bandage the wound, give medicine, check the temperature, etc.
All this is done by a nurse (or nurse) - a specialist from among the middle medical personnel.
Often a nurse communicates with patients even more than a doctor. And the success of the treatment depends on her skill.
The specific set of duties of a nurse depends on the place of work.
For example, in a polyclinic, a nurse can help the doctor see patients. This district nurse. She monitors the delivery of outpatient patient cards from the registry (they keep case histories); receives test results and conclusions in the laboratory and X-ray room; makes sure that the doctor always has sterile instruments and the necessary preparations at hand.
In anti-tuberculosis, dermatovenerological, neuropsychiatric dispensaries, as well as in women's and children's consultations, patronage nurses.
Patronage (from French patronage - patronage, guardianship) means that medical procedures are carried out at home. Patronage nurses go to patients at home and give them injections, dressings, measure pressure, etc.
Nursein the physiotherapy room conducts medical procedures with the help of special devices: UHF, ultrasound, electrophoresis, etc.
procedural nurse makes injections (including intravenous), takes blood from a vein, puts droppers. All these are very difficult procedures - they require high qualifications and impeccable skills.
Especially if the procedural nurse works in a hospital where severe patients can also lie.
Charge nurse- distributes medicines, puts compresses, banks, enemas, makes injections. It also measures temperature, pressure and reports to the attending physician about the well-being of each patient. And if necessary, the nurse provides emergency care (for example, in case of fainting or bleeding).
The health of each patient depends on the work of the ward nurse. Especially if it's a seriously ill patient. In good hospitals, ward nurses (with the help of junior nurses and nurses) take care of weak patients: they feed, wash, change clothes, make sure that there are no bedsores.
A ward nurse has no right to be careless or forgetful.
Unfortunately, the work of a ward nurse involves night shifts. This is bad for health.
operating room nurse assists the surgeon and is responsible for the constant readiness of the operating room for work.
This is perhaps the most responsible nursing position. And the most favorite among those who at least had a little time to work on operations.
Sister prepares everything for a future operation necessary tools, dressings and suture materials, ensures their sterility, checks the serviceability of the equipment. And during the operation, he assists the doctor, supplies tools and materials. The success of the operation depends on the coherence of the actions of the doctor and the nurse.
This work requires not only good knowledge and skills, but also reaction speed and a strong nervous system. As well as good health: like a surgeon, a nurse has to stand on her feet throughout the operation.
If the patient needs dressings after the operation, they are also done by the operating room nurse.
For sterilization, instruments are referred to sterilization department. The nurse working there is managed by special equipment: steam, ultraviolet chambers, autoclaves, etc.
Head nurse supervises the work of all nurses in a hospital or polyclinic department. She draws up duty schedules, monitors the sanitary condition of the premises, is responsible for household and medical supplies, for the maintenance and safety of medical instruments and devices. In addition to medical duties nurses have to accounting documentation, the head nurse oversees this as well.
She also supervises the work of junior medical personnel (orderlies, nurses, nurses, etc.).
To do this qualitatively, the head nurse must know the specifics of the department's work to the smallest detail.
junior nurse takes care of the sick: changes clothes, feeds, helps to move bedridden patients inside the hospital. Her duties are similar to those of a nurse, and her medical education is limited to short courses.
This is far from complete list nursing options. Each has its own specifics.
They are united by the fact that, although a nurse is considered a doctor's assistant, the main goal of a nurse's work is to help sick people.
Such work brings moral satisfaction, especially if it is work in a hospital. But it is also very hard work, even if you love it very much. There is no time for smoke breaks and thoughtfulness in the middle of the working day.
The most difficult are the departments in which operations are performed and where emergency patients arrive. These are surgery, traumatology, otolaryngology.
Career
Nursing has several career options.
It is possible, while remaining in the same position, to improve your qualifications and receive an appropriate salary increase.
Another option is administrative: you can become the head nurse of a department or even a hospital.
The third option is to continue your education and become a doctor.
But why "sister"?
The fact is that the first nurses appeared under the auspices of the church. And the word "sister" meant kinship not by blood, but by spirituality.
In the 11th century, communities of women and girls appeared in the Netherlands, Germany and other countries to care for the sick. In the XIII century, Countess Elisabeth of Thuringia, later canonized, built a hospital at her own expense, and also organized a shelter for foundlings and orphans, and she herself worked in it. In her honor, the Catholic community of Elizabethans was founded. In peacetime, sister nuns cared only for sick women, and in wartime, they also looked after wounded soldiers. They also cared for those with leprosy.
In 1617 in France, the priest Vincent Paul organized the first community of sisters of mercy. He first proposed this name - "sister of mercy", "elder sister". The community consisted of widows and maidens who were not nuns and did not take any permanent vows.
At the head of the community was Louise de Marillac, who organized special school for the training of sisters of mercy and nurses.
Similar communities began to be created in France, the Netherlands, Poland and other countries. By the middle of the 19th century in Western Europe there were already about 16 thousand sisters of mercy.
In Russia, the profession of a nurse appeared in 1863. Then the order of the Minister of War was issued on the introduction, by agreement with the Exaltation of the Cross community, of permanent nursing care for patients in military hospitals.
Workplace
Nurses and nurses work in hospitals, polyclinics, maternity hospitals, private clinics, children's institutions, military units and hospitals, sanatoriums and rest homes.
Important qualities
The former name of this profession is "sister of mercy". Mercy and sympathy for someone else's pain is one of the most important qualities of a nurse. This must be accompanied by care, accuracy and responsibility.
Good coordination of movements is also important (this is especially important for operating rooms, procedural, ward nurses), good memory, the desire to professional growth. Good health and stamina.
Allergies to certain drugs can be an obstacle to work. For example, an operating room nurse cannot assist in an operation if the steam s disinfectants make her cough. But in the profession of a nurse, there is such a vast field of activity that you can simply move to another job.
Knowledge and skills
The nurse must have an understanding of human anatomy and physiology, be able to provide urgent first aid, perform the necessary medical manipulations, ensure infectious safety, maintain records.
Where do they teach
To work as a nurse, you need a secondary medical education.
It can be obtained from a medical school or college.
Many specializations require additional training. For example, in order to treat people in a physiotherapy room, you need to undergo special training in working with all devices.
The words "doctor" and "humanist" are not synonymous, but are inextricably linked. Medical professions oblige to be humanists, to love people and help them in any, even the most adverse conditions. For people with health problems, it is uniquely associated with assistance, support and understanding.
A little about the profession
Profession " medical worker"requires a certain courage and dedication from its owner. This is due to the fact that people have confidence in health workers as specialists who know their job well.
That is why, choosing medical professions as a matter of life, a person is obliged to study even after graduation, because diseases are constantly changing, as well as their treatment. Among medical educational institutions there are institutes and academies.
List of medical specialties
The list of medical professions includes such specialties as:
The listed medical professions (the list is far from complete) are the main profiles in this specialty. Each of them has more narrow specialists responsible for the treatment of specific parts of the human body.
Specialty Nurse
Secondary specialized medical education makes it possible to train specialists from the category of medical staff. The nursing profession falls into this category.
A nurse (nurse) is an assistant or assistant to a doctor in a medical institution. The main task of the mid-level medical staff is to carry out the treatment prescribed by the doctor to the patient and to care for sick people.
The profession of a nurse is included in the category of middle staff of a medical institution and has several narrower areas. Although many specialties are included in the concept of "medical professions", the list of mid-level specialists is headed by the position of chief nurse.
Chief and Head Nurse
At the head of the attending medical staff is the chief nurse - this is a specialist with a higher medical education (faculty of nursing). The duties of the chief nurse include organizing and supervising the work of middle and junior medical staff, as well as improving their professionalism.
The concept of organizing the workflow includes scheduling the work of lower-level medical staff and monitoring its implementation. Her responsibilities also include:
- Control the receipt, storage, distribution and accounting of dressings and medications, including those containing poisonous or narcotic substances.
- Supervise the fulfillment of duties by middle and junior staff, as well as improve their qualifications and professional level.
- Monitor the quality of disinfection of a medical institution, timely change bed linen and control the transport of patients within the hospital.
The head nurse is the assistant to the head of the department. Her responsibilities include supervising the work of ward nurses and junior medical staff.
Middle and junior health workers
Nurses organize the work of junior medical staff: nurses, junior nurses and host sisters.
Medical checkup
People exercising labor activity associated with a risk or hazardous to health production, work with children and many others are required to undergo medical checkup. It can be held once a year or every two years.
There is a list that indicates who must undergo a medical examination. The professions included in it are categories of professions associated with hazardous production or with production risk, for example, with high-altitude work, harmful substances, noise, dust and others.
also in without fail medical examinations are carried out by workers in the food industry, teachers and employees of preschool educational institutions, drivers, sailors, medical staff and representatives of other professions.
Choice of profession
Medical professions are in demand modern society Therefore, every year secondary specialized and higher medical institutions graduate new specialists. This is primarily due to the fact that unhealthy ecology, constant stress, unhealthy diet every year increase the number of people with pathologies or chronic diseases.
A nurse (in the male version: a nurse) is a specialist with a specialized secondary medical education who helps a doctor, provides first aid, and performs many tasks for the needs of a medical institution.
Depending on the doctor of which specialty the nurse is assigned, she performs various auxiliary functions: collecting tests, performing injection prescriptions, droppers, changing linen, organizing medical nutrition, preparation of surgical instruments, filling out medical documents.
The nurse is engaged in medical procedures, monitors the well-being of patients, distributes medicines, observing their dosage prescribed by the doctor, keeps records of medical equipment, controls the timing technical inspection medical equipment, submits documents for registration.
The profession of a nurse is designed to facilitate the work of a doctor, to free up his time for receiving patients and performing professional duties.
The nurse facilitates the work of the doctor, frees up his time for receiving patients and performing professional duties.
Nursing Specializations
There are many specializations of professions:
- chief nurse supervises the work of all nurses, fulfills requests for the purchase of medicines, dressings, and other means medical purpose, and also draws up a schedule of duty and vacations for nurses, monitors the material and technical equipment of the hospital. She must have a high school diploma.
- Senior nurse helps the head of the department, is responsible for the order in the department, controls the nurses and nurses subordinate to her.
- junior nurse takes care of patients, follows the instructions of senior colleagues.
- post nurse Responsible for the implementation of doctor's prescriptions, controls medication, visits to relatives.
- Charge nurse monitors the condition of patients in the wards of ordinary and intensive care, is responsible for compliance with bed rest, diet, measures blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate.
- procedural nurse works in the treatment room, makes injections, droppers, medical manipulations prescribed by the doctor (nebulizer, aspirator), collects analyzes and sends them to the laboratory.
- operating room nurse assists the surgeon before, during and after the operation: prepares instruments, assists during surgery, counts the instruments and dressings used during the operation.
- surgical nurse works in surgical department, in the dressing room, makes dressings, removes sutures, assists the surgeon with minor surgical interventions (opening a boil, placing a catheter, drainage).
- laboratory nurse accepts biological material and performs manipulations as directed by the doctor.
- Patronage Nurse monitors the condition of the newborn after his discharge from the maternity hospital, monitors compliance with the schedule of vaccinations and examinations of the baby by narrow specialists.
- Gerontological nurse works in a nursing home, in the geriatric department medical organization, helps the elderly to maintain health, follows the doctor's recommendations.
- school nurse(or preschool children's institution) monitors the condition of children, admits them to classes after an illness, conducts hardening measures, preventive examinations, performs vaccinations and medical tests, prescribes quarantine if infections are detected, gives a withdrawal from physical education or sports competitions for health reasons.
There are also nurses at specialized departments - physiotherapy, exercise therapy, dental and other offices.
The school nurse monitors the condition of children, conducts preventive examinations, performs vaccinations and medical tests.
Places of work
Nurses work in polyclinics and hospitals, in schools, kindergartens, sanatoriums, rest homes, hospices, maternity hospitals, military hospitals, places of detention and many other institutions.
History of the profession
The Sisters of Mercy trace their genealogy back to the 11th century, when in Europe, on the basis of monasteries, the first women's communities began to appear, in which they cared for physically suffering patients. In the 13th century, the first orphanage was opened, where orphans and abandoned children were nursed. Then the sisters of mercy began to help the wounded, a little later they took responsibility for those with leprosy. Officially, the birth of the first community of sisters of mercy dates back to 1641 - then the first school was created to train women in this profession.
In Rus', sisters of mercy have been officially known since 1863, when the Ministry of War issued a decree on the establishment of nursing care for the wounded on a permanent basis. Since 1997, nurses in Russia have received an official code ethical standards communication with patients.
Sisters of mercy of the Omsk military hospital during the First World War. 1915
Responsibilities of a nurse
Main official duties nurses are:
- Pre-medical care.
- Patient care.
- Assistance to doctors, sterilization of instruments.
- Collection of biological material for research.
- Fulfillment of medical orders.
- Management of junior medical staff.
- Disposal of medical waste.
- Records management.
Requirements for a nurse
The main requirements for a nurse are as follows:
- Higher medical or secondary medical education, a valid certificate in nursing.
- PC skills.
- Performance and courtesy.
The duties of a nurse include the collection of biological material for research, as well as the execution of medical appointments.
How to become a nurse
To become a nurse, you need:
- Graduate from a university (faculty of higher nursing education) or a medical school / college with a degree in Nursing.
- Receive a certificate along with a diploma for the right to self-employment.
- To be eligible to work as a subspecialty nurse, you must complete advanced training courses.
Nurse's salary
The spread of income is large: a nurse receives from 15,000 to 80,000 rubles a month. The most demanded and paid profession in major cities and in the Far North (in the Yamalo-Nenets district, a vacancy for a nurse with salary 80,000 rubles per month). The work of a nurse at home is paid by agreement.
The average salary of a nurse is about 27,000 rubles a month.
Where to get training
Apart from higher education There are a number of short-term trainings on the market, typically lasting from a week to a year.
Interregional Academy of Additional vocational education(MADPO) teaches in the specialization "" and issues a diploma and a certificate.
