GOST 37.001 471 9031 oil filters.

Explanation

1. Aircraft fuel system

Aircraft propulsion system for placing fuel on aircraft, fuel supply to engines, its development in a certain order, as well as the performance of auxiliary functions in signaling fuel depletion

2. Engine fuel system

The system of fuel supply and automatic control of the engine, using the fuel entering the engine as a working fluid

3. Aircraft oil system

A system for placing oil on an aircraft, supplying it to engines and other units, removing oil from them and cooling, signaling oil production

4. Aircraft gear oil system

Autonomous lubrication system for the aircraft gearbox

5. Engine oil system

An engine lubrication system that provides oil supply to friction units, its removal and cooling, breathering of oil cavities, as well as the use of oil as working fluid in systems of propellers, propfans and hydraulic devices of the engine

6. Hydraulic system aircraft

A system that uses hydraulic fluids as the working fluid

7. Engine hydraulic system

Control system for engine mechanization elements (nozzle flaps, compressor guide vanes), in which liquids other than the fuel entering the engine are used as a working fluid

8. Aircraft ground handling facilities

A set of technical means that provide maintenance during flight preparation and the safety of the aircraft

9. Test equipment

According to GOST 16504-81

10. Acceptance tests

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FEDERAL AGENCY
FOR TECHNICAL REGULATION AND METROLOGY

Foreword

Goals and principles of standardization in Russian Federation established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation", and the rules for the application of national standards of the Russian Federation - GOST R 1.0-2004 "Standardization in the Russian Federation. Basic Provisions»

About the standard

1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Central Order of the Red Banner of Labor Research Automobile and Automotive Institute" NAMI "(FSUE" NAMI ")

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 56 "Road Transport"

3 APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Order federal agency on technical regulation and metrology dated July 7, 2010 No. 172-st

4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

Information about changes To present standard published V annually published informational index "National standards", A text changes And amendments - V monthly published information signs "National standards". IN case revision (substitutions) or cancellation present standard corresponding notification will published V monthly published informational index "National standards". Relevant information, notification And texts are placed Also V informational system general use - on official site Federal agencies By technical regulation And metrology V networks Internet

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Automotive vehicles

FINE FILTERS FOR CAR OILS,
TRACTOR AND COMBINE ENGINES

Technical requirements and test methods

vehicles. Fine filters of oil for automobile, tractor and combine engines.
Technical requirements and test methods

Introduction date - 2010-09-15

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to collapsible and non-collapsible full-flow and partial-flow filters, as well as replaceable filter elements for them, designed for fine oil purification in lubrication systems of automobile, tractor and combine internal combustion engines. This standard does not apply to centrifugal filters.

2 Normative references

This standard uses normative references to the following standards:

4.2 Completeness of screenings of filters and filter elements should be at least 25%. The dependence of the fineness of screenings on completeness is given in Appendix A.

4.3 The resource of the filter element before replacement (for category 1 of operating conditions) according to GOST 21624 is set in the manual (instruction) for the operation of the car, while it must be at least 10 thousand km of the car or 250 hours of engine operation.

The resource of a collapsible filter (except for the filter element) must be no less than the resource of the engine for which it is intended. The resource of a non-separable filter must be no less than the resource of the filter element installed in it.

4.4 The tightness of the filter must be ensured at an oil pressure of at least 2.5 R nom

4.5 The filter element must be sealed.

4.6 The tightness of the anti-drainage valve of the filter must be ensured when the oil pressure in the filter is not more than 2.6 × 10 -3 MPa. Oil leakage is allowed no more than 0.003 l/h.

4.7 The maximum allowable oil leakage through the bypass valve at a given pressure should not exceed the values ​​specified in the design documentation.

4.8 The hydraulic resistance of the filter, replaceable filter element and bypass valve, determined from their hydraulic characteristics at a given oil flow rate, should not exceed the value specified in the design documentation.

4.9 The filter element must be able to withstand the increased differential pressure (D R) equal to at least 2.0D R start of opening of the filter bypass valve.

4.10 Filters must withstand without damage a pressure of at least 3 R nom.

4.11 The pressure to start opening the bypass valve must be within the limits established by the requirements of the design documentation.

4.12 Details of filters and filter elements must not have pores, cavities, nicks, cracks, burrs, corrosion and other defects affecting their parameters and appearance.

Protective coatings of metal parts of filters and filter elements must comply with GOST 9.301 and GOST 9.306.

4.13 The completeness of filters and filter elements must comply with the requirements of the design documentation.

4.14 Filters and filter elements must be vibration-resistant to pressure pulsations and remain operational at temperatures from minus 50 °С to plus 135 °С.

4.15 Filters and filter elements, their seals and other parts must be oil-, gasoline- and water-resistant.

4.16 The materials used for the manufacture of filters and their elements should not release constituent components into the filtered oil flow.

4.17 The design of the filter and its location should ensure a minimum number of sealing points, as well as quick and convenient replacement of the filter element or filter with minimal cost for maintenance.

4.18 Safety requirements during testing - according to GOST 12.1.004 and GOST 12.1.010.

4.19 Workplaces during testing must be equipped in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.2.032 and GOST 12.2.033.

5 Acceptance rules

5.1 Manufactured filters and filter elements for them (hereinafter in the section - products) before their shipment, transfer or sale to the consumer are subject to acceptance in order to certify their suitability for use in accordance with the requirements established in this standard and the DD, agreements, contracts (hereinafter in section - normative and technical documentation).

5.2 For quality control and acceptance, manufactured products are subjected to:

Acceptance (control) by the technical control service (STK);

Periodic testing;

Type tests (when making proposed changes to the design of manufactured products and (or) the technology of their manufacture).

5.3 Acceptance of STK and periodic tests in combination should provide reliable verification of all properties of manufactured products subject to control for compliance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation.

Controlled parameters upon acceptance of STK and during testing are given in Table 1.

Table 1

5.4 The measuring and control instruments used for testing and control must be verified, and the test equipment certified in the prescribed manner in accordance with GOST R 8.568.

5.5 The results of testing and control of product units are considered positive, and product units are considered to have passed the tests if they are tested in the scope and sequence that are established for this category of tests (control), and the results confirm the compliance of the tested product units with the specified requirements.

5.6 The test results of the product units are considered negative, and the product units are considered not to have passed the test, if the test results show that the product unit does not comply with at least one requirement established in the regulatory and technical documentation for the test category being carried out.

5.7 Acceptance of STK products

5.7.1 Manufactured products must be accepted by the STK of the manufacturer according to the technological process and must have its acceptance stamp.

The sequence of control, as well as the places and type of branding of the STK must be established in the technical documentation of the developer.

5.7.2 The basis for making a decision on the acceptance of units (batches) of STK products are the positive results of previous periodic tests carried out on time.

5.7.3 Sampling rules:

a) the presentation of products for acceptance by the STK is carried out individually or in batches, which is reflected in the presentation document, drawn up in the manner adopted by the manufacturer. A batch is considered to be products of one design variant (model, modification, version, configuration) manufactured in one shift;

b) samples of products submitted for acceptance of the STK must be completed in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation;

c) in the process of control of the STK, it is not allowed to adjust (adjust) product samples and replace the replaceable elements included in them, unless this is provided for by special requirements of regulatory and technical documentation.

5.7.4 Acceptance of STK is carried out by the method of continuous or selective control.

When sampling, it is recommended to apply sampling procedures in accordance with GOST R ISO 2859-1. In this case, the values ​​of the sample size and acceptable quality level (AQL) should be assigned from those specified in GOST R ISO 2859-1 for a single-stage plan with normal control with an acceptance number Ac = 0 and a rejection number Re = 1.

The inspection method adopted (complete or sampling), sample size and acceptable quality level (AQL) should be set in specifications on the product.

5.7.5 Acceptance of STK products is suspended in the following cases:

Products have not passed periodic tests;

Violations of the technological process were found (including inconsistencies with the established requirements of test and control tools), leading to irreparable product defects.

Notes

1 Acceptance of products may also be suspended in other cases at the discretion of the manufacturer, which is recommended to be reflected in the documentation valid at the manufacturer in accordance with the quality management system in force at the enterprise.

2 In case of suspension of acceptance of products, the manufacture and ongoing technical inspection (or acceptance) of parts and assembly units that are not subject to self-delivery are allowed to continue (except for those whose defects are the reason for the suspension of acceptance).

5.7.6 The decision to resume acceptance of STK products is made by the manufacturer's management after the reasons for the suspension of acceptance have been eliminated and the relevant document has been issued.

If the acceptance of products was suspended due to negative results of periodic tests, then the decision to resume acceptance is made after identifying the causes of defects, eliminating them and obtaining positive results from repeated periodic tests.

5.7.7 Products accepted by STK are subject to shipment or transfer for safekeeping. The manufacturer must ensure the preservation of the quality of products after acceptance of the STK until delivery to the destination, if this is determined by the terms of the agreement (contract).

5.8 Periodic test rules

5.8.1 Periodic tests are carried out to periodically confirm the quality of products and the stability of the technological process in a specified period in order to confirm the possibility of continuing the manufacture of products according to the current design and technological documentation and continuing its acceptance by the STK.

The sequence of testing should be established in the technical documentation of the developer.

5.8.2 Periodic tests are carried out by the manufacturer with the involvement, if necessary, of other interested parties, including representatives of the consumer.

5.8.3 Periodic tests are carried out at least once every 6 months.

The calendar dates for conducting periodic tests are set in the schedules compiled by the manufacturer.

The schedule indicates: the place and timing of the tests, the timing of the documentation for the test results.

Schedules are drawn up in accordance with the procedure adopted at the manufacturer.

5.8.4 Sampling rules:

a) samples of products for the next periodic tests are selected, as a rule, from among the units of products manufactured in one shift production cycle, preceding the next test, and passed the acceptance of STK;

b) product samples submitted for periodic testing must be completed in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation;

c) in the process of periodic testing, it is not allowed to adjust (adjust) product samples and replace the replaceable elements included in them, unless this is provided for by special requirements of regulatory and technical documentation;

d) the selection of products is documented in the manner prescribed by the manufacturer.

5.8.5 Periodic tests are carried out by sampling. The system, scheme and plan of acceptance control, including the sample size, are established by the manufacturer in the technical specifications for the product.

Recommended systems, schemes and plans for statistical acceptance sampling control - according to GOST R ISO / TO 8550-1. General requirements to the organization and regulatory and methodological support of statistical acceptance control - according to GOST R 50779.30.

5.8.6 Upon receipt of positive results of periodic tests, the quality of products of the controlled period is considered to be confirmed by the indicators checked as part of periodic tests. It is also considered confirmed the possibility of further manufacturing and acceptance of products (according to the same documentation according to which the products subjected to these periodic tests were manufactured) until the results of the next (subsequent) periodic tests conducted in compliance with the established periodicity standards are obtained.

Note - Subject to the use of a single technological process for the manufacture of design options (sets and options) of the base model (or modifications of the base model) of the product, it is allowed to extend the positive results of periodic testing of samples of the base model (or modifications of the base model) to a set of design options (sets and options). performance).

5.8.7 If the product samples did not pass periodic tests, then the acceptance of STK products and their shipment to the consumer is suspended until the causes of defects are identified, they are eliminated and positive results are obtained from repeated periodic tests on twice the number of products.

The manufacturer must analyze the results of periodic tests to identify the causes and nature of defects, draw up a list of defects and measures to eliminate defects and (or) the causes of their occurrence, which is drawn up in the manner adopted by the manufacturer.

5.8.8 If the data of the analysis performed show that the detected defects significantly reduce specifications products, and can also lead to harm to life, health and property of citizens and the environment, then all accepted (but not shipped) products that may contain such defects are returned for revision (replacement), and for all accepted and shipped products, which may contain such defects, make a decision that does not contradict the interests of consumers.

5.8.9 Repeated periodic tests are carried out in the full scope of periodic tests on modified (or newly manufactured) product samples after defects have been eliminated on a double number of products.

By the time of repeated periodic tests, materials confirming the elimination of defects identified during periodic tests and the adoption of measures to prevent them should be submitted.

In technically justified cases, depending on the nature of the defects, repeated periodic tests may be carried out according to a reduced program, including only those types of tests during which non-compliance of products with the established requirements was found, as well as types for which tests were not carried out.

5.8.10 With positive results of repeated periodic tests, the acceptance of STK products and their shipment to the consumer is resumed.

5.8.11 Upon receipt of negative results of repeated periodic tests, the manufacturer decides to stop accepting products manufactured according to the same documentation that was used to manufacture units of products that did not confirm the quality of products for a specified period, and on measures taken for shipped (sold) products .

If it is impossible for the manufacturer to eliminate the reasons for the release of products with defects that can harm the health and property of citizens and the environment, such product designs are discontinued.

5.8.12 The decision to use samples of products that have been subjected to periodic testing is made by the management of the manufacturer and the consumer on mutually acceptable terms, guided by the terms of contracts for the supply of products and the recommendations of the relevant legal acts.

5.9 Rules for type testing

5.9.1 Type tests of products are carried out in order to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of proposed changes in the design or manufacturing technology, which may affect the technical characteristics of products related to safety for life, health or property of citizens, or compliance with the conditions of protection environment or may affect the operation of products, including the most important consumer properties of products.

5.9.2 The need to make changes to the design of products or the technology of their manufacture and conduct type tests is determined by the holder of the original design documentation for products (hereinafter referred to as the product developer), taking into account the validity and protection of copyright.

5.9.3 Type tests are carried out by the manufacturer or, under an agreement with him and with his participation, a testing (outside) organization with the participation, if necessary, representatives of the product developer, consumer, environmental authorities and other interested parties.

5.9.4 Type tests are carried out according to the program and methods developed by the product developer, which basically should contain:

Necessary checks from the composition of periodic tests;

Requirements for the number of samples required for type testing;

Instruction on the use of samples subjected to type tests.

If necessary, special tests may also be included in the type test program (for example, comparative tests of product samples manufactured without taking into account and taking into account the proposed changes, as well as tests from the tests of prototype products or tests carried out when products were put into production).

The scope of testing and control included in the program should be sufficient to assess the impact of changes made on the characteristics of products, including their safety, interchangeability and compatibility, maintainability, production and operational manufacturability, as well as the recyclability of products.

5.9.5 The program and methods (in the absence of standardized) type tests are developed by the product developer, who, in the prescribed manner, approves the design or technological documentation for products.

5.9.6 Type tests are carried out on product samples manufactured with the proposed changes made to the design or manufacturing technology.

5.9.7 The results of type tests are considered positive if the actual data obtained for all types of checks included in the program of type tests indicate the achievement of the required values ​​​​of product indicators (technological process) specified in the program and methodology, and are sufficient to assess the effectiveness (feasibility) making changes.

5.9.8 If the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed design changes (manufacturing technology) are confirmed by the positive results of type tests, then these changes are made to the product documentation in accordance with the established procedure.

5.9.9 If the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed changes are not confirmed by the positive results of type tests, then these changes are not made to the relevant approved and valid product documentation and a decision is made to use product samples manufactured for type testing (in accordance with the requirements of the test program) .

5.10 Reporting test results

5.10.1 The results of each test conducted by the testing laboratory (hereinafter referred to as the laboratory) must be presented accurately, clearly, unambiguously and objectively.

Note - The "testing laboratory" in this standard means enterprises (organizations), centers, special laboratories, divisions of enterprises (organizations) that are the first, second or third parties and carry out tests, which, among other things, form part of the control during production and product certification.

5.10.2 The test results are documented in a test report, which indicates all the information necessary for the interpretation of the test results.

5.10.3 Each test report shall contain at least the following information(unless the laboratory has justified reasons not to report this or that information):

a) the name of the document - "Test Report";

b) type of tests (periodic, standard, etc.);

c) unique identification of the test report (eg serial number) and identification on each page to ensure that the page is recognized as part of the test report;

d) page numbering indicating the total number of pages;

e) the name and address of the laboratory, as well as the place of testing, if it is not located at the address of the laboratory;

e) name and address of the manufacturer of the product under test;

g) identification of the method used;

i) description, condition and unambiguous identification of the product under test (model, type, brand, etc.);

j) the date of receipt of the product to be tested, if this is essential for the reliability and application of the results, as well as the date of testing;

l) test results indicating (if necessary) units of measurement;

m) name, position and signature of the person who approved the test report;

n) where applicable, a statement that the results refer only to the tested products.

5.10.4 In addition to the requirements listed in 5.10.3, test reports shall, if necessary for the interpretation of test results, include the following:

a) deviations, additions or exceptions related to the test method, as well as information on special conditions tests such as environmental conditions;

b) indication of compliance/non-compliance with requirements and/or specifications;

c) opinions and interpretations, which may, in particular, concern the following:

Opinions on the compliance / non-compliance of the results with the requirements;

Opinions on improving samples.

5.10.5 In addition to the requirements given in 5.10.3 and 5.10.4, test reports containing the results of sampling should include, if necessary for the interpretation of the test results, the following:

date of sampling;

Unambiguous identification of the products sampled (including, where appropriate, manufacturer's name, model or type designation, and serial numbers);

The location where the sampling took place, including any graphics, sketches or photographs;

A detailed description of the environmental conditions at the time of sampling that may affect the interpretation of the test results;

A reference to any standard or other normative and technical documentation regarding the method or procedure for sampling, as well as deviations, additions or exceptions to the relevant normative and technical documentation.

5.10.7 Based on the results of tests (periodic, standard, etc.), an act is also drawn up. Recommended forms of test reports are given in Appendix B (forms B.2 and B.3).

6 Test methods

6.1 Requirements for test and measurement instruments

6.1.1 Measuring instruments used to determine the oil flow through the filter and its pressure drop must have a measurement error of no more than ±2.5%.

Note - The accuracy class of measuring instruments used to control the parameters of filters and filter elements defined by this standard (except for 6.1.1, 6.1.2) is established in the design documentation.

6.1.2 Scales used in tests for weighing should have a measurement error of not more than ± 2.5%.

6.1.3 Tests should be carried out on oils, the grades of which should be indicated in the design documentation for each type of filter and filter element.

The oil used in the tests must have a passport or an inspection report (analysis) certifying its compliance with the technical requirements.

It is allowed to check the resistance and pressure of the start of opening of the bypass valve on a mixture of oil and diesel fuel, while the viscosity of the mixture must be equal to the viscosity of the oil at a temperature of 80 °C.

6.2 Test methods

6.2.1 Filters and filter elements according to 4.1, 4.12 and 4.13 are checked by external inspection, measurements and comparison with the requirements of the design documentation.

6.2.2 Tests according to 4.2, 4.8 (except bypass valve) and 4.9 are carried out in accordance with Annex B.

6.2.3 Checking the filter elements according to 4.3 is carried out during operational or motor-bench tests according to the program-method approved in the prescribed manner.

6.2.4 Filter tightness tests according to 4.4 are carried out on a hydraulic stand by creating a pressure equal to 2.5 R nom.

Tests on a pneumatic stand are carried out at a pressure that provides identical results.

The exposure time of filters under pressure - according to the design documentation for a filter of a particular type. Fluid leakage is not allowed.

6.2.5 The tightness of the filter element according to 4.5 is checked by the bubble method or by determining its buoyancy according to the methods given in Appendix D.

6.2.6 Check according to 4.6 is carried out as follows. The filter is filled with oil with a viscosity of (20 ± 4) mm 2 /s (cSt) at a temperature of (20 ± 5) °C.

The outlet of the filter is connected to the oil tank and a pressure of 2.6 × 10 -3 MPa (0.3 m oil column) is created.

A rejection sign is an oil leak through the anti-drainage valve of more than 0.003 l / h. The duration of the tests is set in the design documentation for a filter of a particular type.

6.2.7 Checking the maximum leakage through the bypass valve according to 4.7, determining its hydraulic resistance according to 4.8 and the opening start pressure according to 4.11 is carried out in accordance with Appendix E.

6.2.8 Filter tests according to 4.10 are carried out by increasing the oil pressure in the filter to at least 2.5 R nom and exposure for 2 min. If the filter does not leak through seals and moldings, increase the filter inlet pressure to at least 3 R nom and held for 2 min.

Leaks and deformations are not allowed.

6.2.9 The tests of 4.14 are carried out in accordance with Annex E.

7 Manufacturer's warranties

7.1 The manufacturer guarantees the compliance of filters and filter elements with the requirements of this standard, provided that the established rules for storage, transportation and operation are observed.

7.2 Guaranteed life of filters - according to the design documentation for filters of a particular type, but not less than the resource specified in 4.3, while the warranty life of collapsible filter housings must be no less than the life of the engines for which they are intended.

7.3 Warranty operating time of non-separable filters must not be less than the warranty operating time of the filter element installed in it.

7.4 Guaranteed shelf life of filters and filter elements must be no less than the guaranteed shelf life of engines for which they are intended.

The dependence of the average (50%) fineness of screenings on the completeness of screenings of the filter
element for quartz dust with a specific surface of 5600 cm 2 /g according toGOST 8002

The dependence of the average (50%) screening fineness on the screening completeness of the filter element for quartz dust with a specific surface of 5600 cm 2 /g according to GOST 8002 is shown in Figure A.1.

Figure A.1

The conversion of the average (50%) fineness of screenings into the nominal (95%) is carried out according to the formula

lgd 0.95 = 0.689lgd 0 + 0.825, (A.1)

where d 0.95 - nominal fineness of screenings, microns;

d 0 - average thinness of screenings, microns.

Standard forms of documents drawn up during the testing process

Form B.1 - Test report

* An enterprise (organization), a testing center, a special laboratory, a subdivision of an enterprise (organization), etc., carrying out tests.

Form B.2 - Report on the results of periodic tests

Form B.3 - Type test results report

Annex B
(mandatory)

Determination of the hydraulic resistance of the filter
and replaceable filter element, screening completeness
and filter element resistance to increased pressure drop

B.1 Preparation for testing

B.1.1 A diagram of the installation for testing filters is shown in Figure B.1.

1 - buck oil; 2 - electric heater; 3 - electrocontact thermometer; 4 - valve; 5 - electric motor with agitator;
6 - adjustable pump; 7 - process filter activation valve; 8 - technological filter;
9 - throttle adjustable; 10 - shut-off valve of the tested filter; 11 - manometer; 12 - tested filter;
13 - sampling valve; 14 - container for sampling; 15 - flow meter activation valve;
16 - flow meter (liquid meter)

Figure B.1 - Diagram of a filter test setup

B.1.2 Prior to the start of the test, the stand must be thoroughly flushed with diesel fuel according to GOST 305 or engine oil intended for testing by pumping it in a closed circuit.

A process filter must be installed in the circuit to ensure the necessary oil purification. The process filter must be replaced when changing the oil in the tank.

B.1.3 Before testing filters, oil samples should be taken and analyzed for compliance with the standard for the following parameters:

Viscosities at 50 °С and 100 °С according to GOST 33;

In accordance with the standards, the oil is poured into the installation tank, where it is carried out additional cleaning according to the pollution test mode for 60 minutes using a process filter.

B.1.4 Oil poured into the tank of the stand and heated in it to a predetermined temperature is continuously pumped through the working circulation circuit: tank - pump - filter - flow meter - tank. Ensuring the specified mode of operation of the filter according to the pressure at the inlet to the filter element or the temperature of the oil in the tank when determining the characteristics is carried out respectively:

By changing the speed of the pump drive electric motor and bypassing into the tank (through the throttle 9) part of the oil supplied by the pump;

Heating intensity adjustment.

Filter characterization should be carried out with intensive and continuous stirring of the oil.

AT 2 Determination of the hydraulic resistance of the filter at nominal oil flow

B.2.1 The hydraulic resistance of a filter is determined from its hydraulic characteristic.

B.2.2 hydraulic characteristic The filter is determined by pumping clean oil through an uncontaminated filter at a temperature of (80 ± 2) °C.

During the tests, the oil pressure drops across the filter are determined at flow rates of 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% and 110% of the nominal.

The construction of the characteristics is carried out according to the average values ​​of the results of at least three measurements.

B.2.3 The hydraulic performance of a filter element is defined as the geometric difference between the characteristics of a filter with and without an element.

B.2.4 According to the constructed graphs of characteristics, the values ​​of the hydraulic resistance of the filter and the filter element are determined at a nominal oil flow through them.

AT 3 Determination of completeness of elimination

B.3.1 Screening completeness is determined using quartz dust with a specific surface area of ​​5600 cm 2 /g as an artificial pollutant. The method for determining the specific surface of dust - according to GOST 8002.

B.3.2 The oil circuit through the filter is switched to the flowmeter by valves 10 And 15 . After stabilization of the filter operation mode, a control determination of the flow rate of uncontaminated oil through the filter is carried out. Then turn off the filter valve 10 and during continuous operation of the agitator, an artificial pollutant is introduced into the oil in the plant tank in the quality specified in the technical specifications for a particular type of product.

After stirring for 15 minutes with a valve 10 turn on the filter and after a while T oil samples are simultaneously taken from the installation line (No. 1 - before the filter and No. 2 - after the filter) in the amount of 200 ml each into the washed dishes.

Time T, s, is determined by the formula

Where V- filter volume, l;

Q- oil consumption through the filter, l/s.

B.3.3 To determine the completeness of screening, samples taken in accordance with B.3.2 are analyzed for the content of mechanical impurities in accordance with GOST 20684.

It is allowed to determine the content of quartz dust in samples by other methods that ensure the determination error is not more than according to GOST 20684, including the method of spectral analysis. For testing, a reference mixture is prepared by introducing quartz dust into fresh oil of the same brand as used on the stand. The test results are considered valid when the pollutant concentration in sample No. 1 is obtained, which differs from the calculated one by no more than ±10%.

The dropout rate j is calculated by the formula

Where X 2 - mass concentration of the pollutant in sample No. 2 (after the filter), g/cm 3 ;

X 1 - mass concentration of the pollutant in sample No. 1 (before the filter), g/cm 3 .

It is allowed to determine the completeness of elimination using a photocolorimeter.

AT 4 Determination of the resistance of the filter element to increased differential pressure

B.4.1 The filter housing with the valve blocked is installed on the test bench and the pressure drop is determined at the nominal oil flow rate specified in the specifications (TS) for the filter elements of a particular type.

B.4.2 Verified for tightness, the filter element is installed in the housing and the pressure drop at the nominal oil flow rate is determined according to B.4.1.

B.4.3 An artificial pollutant is introduced into the system continuously or in portions at regular intervals, maintaining the nominal flow rate and oil temperature.

The contaminant is injected until the pressure drop across the filter element (equal to the total pressure drop across the filter minus the pressure drop across the housing) reaches the value of the limiting pressure drop specified in the specifications for the filter elements of a particular type, or a sharp drop in pressure drop across the filter occurs , indicating the destruction of the filter element.

B.4.4 The filter element is considered to pass the test if, after reaching the limit pressure drop, it passes the leak test.

B.4.5 Other methods for determining the resistance of a filter element to increased pressure drop are allowed.

Methods for checking the tightness of the filter element

D.1 Checking the tightness of the filter element by the gas bubble method

The installation scheme for determining the tightness of the filter element is shown in Figure D.1.

1 - air supply under pressure; 2 - valve; 3 - manometer; 4 - reducer; 5 - receiver;
6 - release of excess air into the atmosphere; 7 - flexible pipeline (hose); 8 - piezometer;
9 - tested filter element; 10 - bath; 11 - filter element plugs

Figure D.1 - Scheme of installation for determining the tightness of the filter element

D.1.1 The filter element with technological plugs is immersed in a bath with a liquid specified in the specifications for filter elements of a particular type. The element must be installed parallel to the liquid surface at a depth of (12 ± 2) mm from the surface.

Liquid temperature (20 ± 5) °С.

Before testing, the element is kept in the liquid for at least 2 minutes.

Air is supplied to the internal cavity of the filter element at a pressure specified in the design documentation for filter elements of a particular type. Then the element is rotated by 360° with a rotation frequency of not more than 1 - 2 min -1 .

D.1.2 The filter element is considered to have passed the tightness test if the air passes evenly through the pores of the filter curtain, appearing on the surface of the liquid in the form of small bubbles evenly distributed over the entire surface.

If continuous air bubbles appear at the appropriate pressure on the surface or from under the covers of the filter element and in the places of gluing of the filter curtain, the filter element is rejected.

D.2 Checking the tightness of the filter element by determining its buoyancy

D.2.1 The filter element is impregnated with diesel fuel.

D.2.2 Close the end openings of the element with plugs. The mass of the plug for each type of filter must be determined empirically.

D.2.3 The filter element is lowered horizontally into the bath with diesel fuel and rotated around the axis at a frequency of 3 - 4 min -1 until the last air bubble exits from under the shell.

D.2.4 An element that has sunk to the bottom within 1 min after the release of the last bubble is leaking.

D.2.5 After the test, the filter element is freed from diesel fuel by centrifugation at a speed of 1900 - 2000 min -1 or dried.

Evaluation of tightness and determination of the hydraulic characteristic
filter bypass valve

E.1 The layout of the valve test stand is shown in Figure E.1.

1 - a tank with oil; 2 - electric heater; 3 - electrocontact thermometer; 4 - valve;
5 - adjustable pump; 6 - oil filter; 7 - throttle adjustable;
8 - test valve; 9 - manometer; 10 - flow meter

Figure E.1 - Scheme of installation for testing filter bypass valves

E.2 The filter valve is installed in a special technological spacer that imitates its installation in the filter.

E.3 Oil with a viscosity of (10 ± 2) mm 2 /s (cSt) at 100 °C is poured into the tank of the stand and heated to 80 °C (it is allowed to use oil with a viscosity of (20 ± 4) mm 2 /s (cSt) at a temperature of (20 ± 5) °C without heating).

E.4 Turn on the pump 5 with a fully open throttle 7. After the temperature stabilizes, gradually close the throttle 7, increase the pressure in front of the tested valve 8.

Oil leakage through the valve is measured using a graduated container. As the valve opens and leaks increase, their flow rate is measured by a flow meter 10 .

E.5 Based on the test results, a curve of dependence of oil flow through the valve on the pressure on the valve is built.

Appendix E
(mandatory)

Testing the filter and filter elements for resistance to pulsation,
vibration resistance and heat resistance

E.1 Tests are carried out according to the design documentation agreed with the consumer.

E.2 The pulsation test is carried out by applying pulsating oil pressure to the filter.

The oil pressure range in the filter should be from 0 to 2 R nom. Cycle duration up to 2 s.

The number of loading cycles must be at least 25×10 3 .

E.3 The vibration test of the filter is carried out on a vibration stand under the following conditions:

Amplitude, frequency and direction of movements in accordance with the requirements of the design documentation;

Test duration - not less than 1×10 6 cycles.

The filter during testing must be completely filled with oil, and the installation on the bench must simulate its location on the engine.

Combination of tests for resistance to pressure pulsation and vibration resistance is allowed.

E.4 Temperature test of the filter or filter element.

E.4.1 Instruments and means of testing: refrigerator, thermostat, container for tested products, stand for placing elements in the container, engine oil.

Requirements for test instruments and test tools are established in the design documentation.

E.4.2 Products are placed in a container with oil until they are completely immersed. Then the container is sequentially cooled in a refrigerator, heated in a thermostat and cooled in a room at room temperature.

E.4.3 Products are tested according to the following thermal cycle:

Exposure at a temperature of minus 50 ° C - 6 hours;

Exposure at a temperature of plus 135 ° C - 6 hours;

Exposure at a temperature of plus 20 ° C - 12 hours;

The number of thermal cycles must be at least 10.

E.4.4 Upon completion of the test of the product, its parts and the condition of the paint and varnish coatings are subjected to visual control in accordance with the design documentation.

In the absence of visible damage, the product is subjected to leak tests.

E.5 For collapsible filters with replaceable filter elements, before and after each test for resistance to pulsation and vibration resistance, the tightness of the filter and filter element is checked, and after testing the filter element, its tightness and resistance to increased pressure drop are determined.

When testing non-separable filters, the tightness of the filter element must be checked after it is removed from the housing before the heat resistance test, and after the test, its tightness and resistance to increased pressure drop are determined.

Keywords: filters, filter elements, tightness, vibration resistance, nominal oil flow

1. PURPOSE

This instruction defines the procedure for handling waste containing petroleum products:

• III class hazards: "used hydraulic oils", "used industrial oils", "used motor oils", "used transmission oils", "used transformer oils, halogen-free, polychlorinated biphenyls and terphenyls", "sludge from oil separation plants", "pop-up film from oil traps (gasoline traps)", "used automobile filters";
• Hazard class IV: "cleaning material contaminated with oils (oil content less than 15%)".

2. APPLICATION

This Instruction is applied in all separate subdivisions (branches) " Business name " .

3. RELATED DOCUMENTATION

7. GOST 12.4.026-2001. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and rules of application. Are common technical requirements and characteristics. Test methods.

10. GOST 10541-78 Universal motor oils and for automobile carburetor engines. Specifications.

11. GOST 12337-84 Motor oils for diesel engines. Specifications.

12. GOST 23652-79 Transmission oils. Specifications.

13. GOST 20799-75 Industrial oils general purpose. Specifications.

14. GOST 982-80 Transformer oils. Specifications.

16. Instructions on the organization of the collection and rational use waste oil products in the Russian Federation (approved on March 16, 1996 by the Minister of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation E.S. Morozov).

17. OST 37.001.471-9031 Oil filters, replaceable oil fine filter elements

18. MPO-9-99 Waste motor and transmission oils. Collection of methods for calculating the volume of waste generation. SPb.2001

19. MR on the calculation of waste generation standards for motor transport enterprises. SPb. NII Atmosfera.2003.(012.02 Floating oil products from oil traps; 012.12 Waste engine oil; 012.13 Used hydraulic oil; 012.20 Spent transmission oil; 013.07 Oily rags; 013.10 Oil contaminated filters).

21. GOST 26319-84 Dangerous goods. Package.

• waste of used motor, transmission, hydraulic, transformer (not containing polychlorinated biphenyls and terphenyls), industrial oils, sludge from oil separation plants and pop-up film from oil traps, used automotive filters belong to hazard class III waste - moderately hazardous waste .
• cleaning cloth contaminated with oils (oil content less than 15%) is waste Hazard class IV - low-hazard waste .

Degree harmful effects waste class III environmental hazard medium. When they impact on the environment, the ecological system is disturbed. The recovery period is at least 10 years after the reduction of the harmful impact from the existing source.

The degree of harmful effects waste class IV hazard to the environment is low. When they impact on the environment, the ecological system is disturbed. Self-healing period of at least 3 years

State of aggregation waste of used motor, transmission, hydraulic, transformer, industrial oils, sludge from oil separators and pop-up film from oil traps - liquid.

State of aggregation waste car filters, sawdust contaminated with oils and cleaning cloth contaminated with oils - solid .

Hazardous properties of waste containing petroleum products- fire hazard.

Component composition of liquid waste containing petroleum products :

Component composition of solid waste containing petroleum products :

6. HAZARDOUS PROPERTIES AND IMPACT OF WASTE COMPONENTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND HUMANS

6.1. Hazardous properties of waste components

Hazardous waste components of the 3rd hazard class “used hydraulic oils”, “used industrial oils”, “used motor oils”, “used transmission oils”, “used transformer oils, halogen-free, polychlorinated biphenyls and terphenyls”, “sludge from oil separation plants” , "pop-up film from oil traps (gasoline traps)", "used car filters" and 4 hazard classes "wiping material contaminated with oils (oil content less than 15%)", "wood sawdust contaminated with mineral oils (oil content less than 15%)" are oil products .

Waste fuels and lubricants are a flammable mixture of cyclic hydrocarbons (mainly of the naphthenic series) with a density of 0.905 g / cm (3) and a molecular weight of 300 ... composition. The dangerous property of petroleum products is their toxicity And fire hazard. Petroleum products are classified as superecotoxicants of the 1st hazard class (xenobiotics).

In terms of toxicity, waste oil products belong to the 4th hazard class, however, the toxicity of oil and oil products has not yet been developed. This is explained by their complex, complex chemical composition and differences in chemical properties. It has been established that the most toxic hydrocarbons with a boiling point of 150 to 275°C. Some fractions of petroleum products have a pronounced carcinogenic effect. Acute poisoning of most fish species occurs when the concentration of emulsified oil products is 16-97 mg/l. The toxicity of water-soluble petroleum products also depends on the chemical composition. Multicomponent fractions cause acute poisoning of aquatic hydrobionts at concentrations of 25-29 mg/l and subacute poisoning of 15-19 mg/l. With the content of naphthenic acids in them up to 65%, the death of fish occurred at concentrations of 0.03-0.1 mg/l. Fisheries MPC of oil products in freshwater reservoirs 0.001 mg/l, in sea water 0.05 mg/l. The maximum allowable concentration of hydrocarbon vapors from waste oil products in the air of the working area is 300 mg / m (3).

The fire hazard of wastes containing petroleum products is due to their ability to maintain combustion, self-ignition and spontaneous combustion.

Self-ignition - this is the process of ignition of petroleum products without contact with an open fire. Auto-ignition temperature is the temperature at which petroleum products ignite without an external source of open flame. Auto-ignition temperature of mineral oils - 315°С, fuel gasoline - 510°С, kerosene - 435°С, diesel fuel - 336°С. The auto-ignition temperature of petroleum products depends on both their fractional and chemical composition, the heavier the oil products in terms of fractional composition, the lower their auto-ignition temperature.

Spontaneous combustion - spontaneous ignition of combustible substances as a result of enhanced oxidation. Oxidation is the process of combining a combustible substance with atmospheric oxygen. Metal rusting, rotting organic matter, combustion is the same oxidation process. The oxidation process, as a result of which spontaneous combustion is possible, depends on a number of factors, the main of which is the rate of oxidation. With an increase in the rate of oxidation, the amount of heat released increases; little heat is released during slow oxidation. In this case, most of the released heat is dissipated in the environment, and the smaller part is spent on self-heating of the substance and prolongation of the oxidation process. In turn, the oxidation rate largely depends on the temperature of the combustible substance and the environment; an increase in the temperature of the combustible substance for every 10 ° C doubles the oxidation rate.

Petroleum products, especially lubricants, in contact with atmospheric oxygen, oxidize slowly at first, the heat released during oxidation causes an increase in temperature. As the temperature rises, the oxidation process accelerates, and this in turn causes even more heat to be released. This will continue until the temperature is high enough that oiled cotton ends, rags, rags, oiled overalls, or other similar materials begin to char and then ignite and burn.

Lubricating oils are the most prone to oxidation. Any oiled materials must be handled very carefully, no matter what oils they are impregnated with. So, if 4 ... 5 kg of cotton rags are moistened with 250 ... 300 g of drying oil at a temperature of 25 ° C, then after 2 hours their temperature will rise to 58 ... 60 ° C, after 3 hours - up to 187 ... 190 ° C , and after 4 hours it will reach 300 ° C and these rags will light up without an external source of fire. Seemingly harmless oily rags and rags thrown into a corner, forgotten in work clothes or left unattended, as well as oily work clothes piled up for storage, can ignite and start a fire without extraneous sources of ignition.

6.2. Impact of waste components on the environment

Petroleum products are among the most harmful chemical pollutants. The presence of 2 g of oil and oil products in 1 kg of soil makes it unsuitable for plant life and soil microflora; 1 liter of oil and oil products deprives 40 thousand liters of water of oxygen; 1 ton of oil and oil products pollutes 12 km (2) of the water surface. In the presence of oil products in water in the amount of 0.2-0.4 mg/l, it acquires an oily smell, which is not eliminated even when filtered and chlorinated. Poorly treated oily effluents contribute to the formation of an oil film on the surface of the reservoir, 0.4-1 mm thick.

The effect of petroleum products on aquatic fauna going in several directions:

• the surface film of oil delays the diffusion of gases from the atmosphere into the water and disrupts the gas exchange of the reservoir, creating an oxygen deficiency
• oily substances, covering the surface of the gills with a thin film, disrupt gas exchange and lead to asphyxiation of fish
• water-soluble compounds easily penetrate the body of fish
• at an oil concentration of 0.1 mg / l, fish meat acquires an irremovable "oil" smell and taste
• bottom sediments of oil undermine the food base of reservoirs and absorb oxygen from the water

In the presence of an oil film, the amount of oxygen dissolved in water drops sharply, because it is used for the oxidation of petroleum products. The dissolution of a new portion of oxygen is prevented by a film of oil on the surface of the water. The decrease in oxygen in the water column adversely affects the vital activity of aquatic organisms. So, at an oxygen content of 4.5 mg/l, respiratory depression of fish is observed. The oil film also disrupts other physical and chemical processes in the reservoir, contributes to an increase in the temperature of the surface layer of water. As a result, plankton is an important component forage base fish stop reproducing. Negative conditions are also created for the life of the neuston - the richest community of a wide variety of organisms that live in the upper layers (5-10 cm) of the water column. Here is a "nursery" of juveniles of many species of fish and invertebrates, which, growing up, inhabit the water column and the bottom of water bodies.

From the surface of the reservoir, light fractions evaporate from the oil film, water-soluble fractions dissolve in water, heavy fractions are adsorbed on solid particles suspended in water, settle and accumulate at the bottom of the reservoir. Some of them decompose, polluting the water with soluble decay products, and some are again brought to the surface with gases released from the bottom. Each bottom gas bubble bursts on the surface of the water, forming an oil slick. The formation of oil-contaminated bottom sediment leads to its poisoning of zoo- and phytobenthos, which serve as food for fish. With severe oil pollution, zones are formed that are practically devoid of life, except for those developing in in large numbers oil-oxidizing bacteria. In addition to the above factors, the acute toxicity of petroleum products is also explained by the fact that their constituent hydrocarbons wet the surface of hydrobionts and, penetrating inside, dissolve the lipoid fractions of cell membranes and membranes, loosen and change their permeability. Destroying the lipoprotein complexes that make up the cells, oil-forming hydrocarbons change the physicochemical properties of the cytoplasm and disrupt the orderliness of biochemical processes. The negative impact of oil and its products on the genetic apparatus of aquatic organisms, in particular on the content of RNA and DNA in cells, has been established. The fry hatched from contaminated fish eggs have mutagenic disorders (lack of gills, two heads, etc.). In acute poisoning of fish with oil products, signs of a disorder in the functions of the nervous system and respiratory failure caused by their local effect on the gills predominate. In the early stages of intoxication, the fish are very mobile, tend to jump out of the water, then roll over on their side, lose their balance, commit circular motions, breathing speeded up by 1.5-2 times. Then comes the phase of oppression, the fish pass into a narcotic state and die with symptoms of paralysis of the respiratory center. The corpses of dead fish are dull, mucilaginous, with signs of focal dermatitis, manifested by patchy hyperemia of the skin, disintegration and desquamation of the epidermis, and the formation of ulcers. Damage to the cornea of ​​the eye can lead to blindness. In the gills, swelling of the petals, hyperemia of capillaries, swelling, dystrophy, necrobiosis, and focal desquamation of the respiratory epithelium and mucous cells are noted. Damage to internal organs is limited to congestive hyperemia and granular-vacuolar degeneration of parenchyma cells. In subacute and chronic poisoning, swelling and hyperplasia of the epithelium predominate in the gills. In the liver, kidneys, pancreas, pronounced necrobiotic changes in cells are combined with a proliferative reaction, which is expressed by an increase in the number of macrophages and melanocytes in the spleen and kidneys. In all cases, dead fish have a strong "petroleum" smell and taste.

The most toxic light fractions of petroleum products, especially aromatic hydrocarbons. With prolonged exposure, hydrocarbons of petroleum products accumulate to toxic levels in the tissues, internal organs, muscles of fish and are able to be transmitted through the food chain, and then, getting into the human body, cause the formation of a carcinogenic-protein complex in fat cells. Eating such foods is dangerous to human health.

Soil pollution with oil products affects the whole complex of morphological, physical, physicochemical, biological properties of the soil, which determine its fertile and ecological functions. Under the influence of oil products, the number of water-resistant soil particles larger than 10 mm increases, soil particles aggregate, the content of lumpy particles increases, and the content of agronomically valuable small particles decreases. Soils saturated with oil products lose their ability to absorb and retain moisture. Hydrophobic particles of oil products hinder the flow of moisture to the roots of plants, which leads to their physiological changes. A change in the physical properties of the soil leads to the displacement of air by oil products, disruption of the flow of water and nutrients, which is main reason inhibition of the development of plant growth and their death.

IN chemical composition humus contaminated with oil products, there are active changes. The amount of carbon in it sharply increases; simultaneously with an increase in the content of introduced carbon, an increase in the ratio C : N(most favorable from 10 to 20), in polluted soil the ratio C : N ranges from 50 to 400-420 depending on the amount of introduced carbon and soil type. This leads to a deterioration in the nitrogen regime of the soil and disruption of the root nutrition of plants. Simultaneously with the deterioration of the nitrogen regime, there is a decrease in the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium. Products of transformation of oil products dramatically change the composition of carbonaceous substances from which soil humus is composed. The share of all intrinsic humus components decreases. In soils contaminated with oil products, there is a change in redox conditions, an increase in the mobility of humus components and a number of trace elements. Soil pollution with oil products, even in small quantities (0.15%), reduces the yield of grain crops, and the growth of the reproductive organs of plants is reduced.

A decrease in the oxygen concentration in the soil promotes the development of anaerobic microorganisms, the development of aerobic microflora is inhibited. Initially, even slight soil contamination with oil products leads to a decrease in the number of soil microorganisms. Restoration of the number is observed several months after pollution, in the future, even some growth in the number of microorganisms is possible due to the use of carbon from oil products as a nutrient. However, the intensive growth of microorganisms that assimilate soluble compounds greatly depletes the soil of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. Soil pollution with oil products creates a new ecological environment with a corresponding number of organisms in the soil. General feature all oil-contaminated soils - the limited species and ecological diversity of pedobionts. There is a deterioration in autotrophic assimilation, a slowdown in the functional activity of soil animals and the enzymatic activity of soils.

Oil pollution of soils suppresses the photosynthetic activity of plant organisms. This affects, first of all, the development of soil algae. Oil products cause mass death soil mesofauna: light fractions of oil products are the most toxic for them. After contact with the soil surface, liquid petroleum products, first of all, impregnating the soil, enveloping the roots, leaves, stems of plants and penetrating through cell membranes, disrupt the water-air balance of soils. The consequence of the violation of the water-air balance is increased soil erosion. This, in turn, leads to a deterioration in the state of vegetation and a drop in land productivity. A gradual increase in the concentration of petroleum products on the soil surface, combined with the processes of evaporation and decomposition of their light fractions, leads to the accumulation of difficult-to-decompose hydrocarbons, such as solid paraffins, cyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, resins and asphaltenes, which seal the pores of the soil cover

6.3. Impact of waste components on human health

The toxicity of petroleum products and gases released from them is determined mainly by the combination of hydrocarbons that make up their composition. Peculiarities of exposure to oil vapors are related to their composition. The most harmful to the human body is the combination of hydrocarbon and hydrogen sulfide. In this case, toxicity manifests itself faster than with their isolated action.

Liquid petroleum products have a great effect on the skin. In case of regular skin contact with lubricating oils they cause tissue necrosis, follicular lesions are possible ("oil" or "kerosene" acne), pustular diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, as well as eczema and pigmentary dermatitis, if it gets into the eye - clouding of the cornea.

Oils practically do not evaporate under normal conditions, therefore their harmful effect on the human body is manifested when it enters open areas of the body or when working in clothes soaked with them, as well as when inhaling oil mist or their vapors. Inhalation poisoning from lubricating oils is rare, but the danger is increased if the oil contains a lot of light hydrocarbons or if oil mist forms. Vapors of aromatic hydrocarbons in high concentrations have a narcotic effect. Situations that contribute to the inhalation of poisons into the body are created, for example, when cleaning containers from petroleum oils or when staying in enclosed spaces with high temperature in the presence of oil mist in the air. Hydrocarbons in high concentrations can cause paralysis of the respiratory centers of the central nervous system and almost instantaneous death, in lower concentrations they have a pronounced narcotic effect. Symptoms of poisoning are nonspecific: general weakness, severe headaches, dizziness, tracheobronchitis. Lightning-fast forms of poisoning with a fatal outcome are described. In these cases, the severity of poisoning is associated with the action of hydrogen sulfide, which is formed in the presence of sulfur compounds in oils. Data on oncological morbidity associated directly with exposure to petroleum products are rather contradictory. It has been proven that when exposed to oil and petroleum products, men are at risk of lung, larynx, and lip cancer, and women are at risk of lung, colon, breast, and genital cancer.

All hydrocarbons have a pronounced effect on the cardiovascular system and blood parameters (decrease in hemoglobin and erythrocytes), possible liver damage, endocrine gland dysfunction, affect the central nervous system, cause acute and chronic poisoning, sometimes fatal. When oil vapors enter through the respiratory tract or as a result of absorption into the blood from the gastrointestinal tract, there is a partial dissolution of body fats and lipids. Irritation of the receptors causes excitation in the cerebral cortex, which involves the organs of vision and hearing in the process of suppression. In acute poisoning with oil products, the condition resembles alcohol intoxication. It occurs when the concentration of vapors of petroleum products in the air is 0.005-0.01 mg / m (3). at a concentration of 0.5 mg / m (3) death occurs almost instantly. As a result of frequent repeated poisoning with oil products, nervous disorders develop, although with repeated exposure to small amounts, addiction (decrease in sensitivity) may occur. Clinical symptoms acute intoxication- shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, shortness of breath, weakness, acrocyanosis, tachycardia, tachypnea, signs of coronary circulation disorders on the ECG, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, pulmonary edema is possible - develop quickly and last for 2 days. Recovery occurs after 1 week (with moderate poisoning without complications). In severe poisoning with complications, these symptoms persist for up to 4 weeks. Chronic intoxications characterized by functional disorders of the nervous system (asthenia, neurasthenia), irritation of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, changes in the blood picture (neutrophilic leukocytosis, anemia, etc.). Diffuse changes in the myocardium are a complication of chronic poisoning. Diseases of the stomach, liver, biliary tract are provoked.

7. EDUCATION AND COLLECTION OF WASTE

To work with waste of hazard class III and IV, persons are allowed at least 18 years old, who have been trained and have a certificate of admission to work on handling waste of hazard class I-IV, who have passed a medical examination, an introductory briefing on labor protection, briefing at the workplace, mastered practical skills safe execution works and passed the test of knowledge on labor protection in the scope of this manual. Personnel performing work with waste containing petroleum products must have full view on the effect of petroleum products on the human body and the environment. This manual must be given to all persons busy with work for waste management of III-IV hazard class against receipt.

Trained and instructed employees bear full responsibility for violation of the requirements of this instruction in accordance with the current legislation.

Liquid wastes containing petroleum products include:

• waste hydraulic oils
• waste industrial oils
• used engine oils
• used transmission oils
• waste transformer oils, halogen-free, polychlorinated biphenyls and terphenyls
• oil separation sludge
• pop-up film from oil traps (petrol traps)

Transformer and turbine oils are classified as "used" and are subject to collection as waste only if it is impossible to restore their physical and chemical properties in a separate subdivision (branch) "Business name" or in a specialized enterprise (in accordance with the concluded agreement).

Solid waste containing petroleum products includes:

• used car filters (air, oil, fuel)
• cleaning material contaminated with oils (oil content less than 15%)

Sources of formation of wastes containing oil products are works on maintenance of vehicles and equipment (machines, mechanisms, electrical equipment, car washes, drying and centrifuging installations for transformer oils, etc.). In progress Maintenance vehicles and equipment, worn-out oils, filters are replaced, contaminated parts of machines and mechanisms are wiped, pop-up films and oil sludge are removed from oil traps, resulting in the formation of the above-mentioned waste of 3 and 4 hazard classes.

Wastes containing petroleum products must be handled with care to prevent accidental spillage and fire. Spillage of liquid waste containing petroleum products as a result of careless handling is an emergency situation,in which emergency measures are taken in accordance with section 12 of this instruction.

The collection of waste containing petroleum products is carried out strictly separately by type of waste.

Collection of liquid waste containing petroleum products, carried out in groups:

• MMO - used motor (for piston, carburetor and diesel engines), industrial, compressor, vacuum oils
• MIO - waste industrial, transformer, turbine, gas turbine, instrument oils and working fluids for hydraulic systems
• CHO - a mixture of used petroleum products: transmission, cylinder, axle oils, oils used in heat treatment metal, mixtures of petroleum products collected during cleaning of storage, transportation means and extracted from treatment facilities and oily waters, oil washing liquids

Drainage of liquid waste containing oil products from vehicles and equipment is carried out using special devices and / or devices that exclude their spillage, collection of liquid waste containing oil products is carried out in special plastic or metal sealed containers installed on a metal pallet to collect accidentally spilled oil .

When generating and transferring liquid wastes containing oil products to a temporary storage warehouse, they are recorded in accordance with Section 9 of this Instruction.

Collection of solid waste containing petroleum products, conducted by type of waste:

• used car filters;
• cleaning material contaminated with oils (oil content less than 15%);
• sawdust contaminated with oils (oil content less than 15%).

The collection of solid waste containing oil products is carried out in strong sealed bags made of polymer film, which are placed in special plastic or metal sealed containers with a tight-fitting lid (barrels, boxes, etc. - see Appendix 2), installed away from direct sunlight, any heating elements and heating devices.

Waste air, fuel and oil filters of vehicles are collected in a container for collecting used automobile filters, from which excess liquid petroleum products have been previously removed. To do this, the used filters are installed on a grate (grid) fixed above the tank for collecting flowing oil products. After oil products stop flowing from the filters, the filters are placed for storage in strong sealed bags made of polymer film, and then in a container for collecting used filters. The collected liquid oil products are carefully poured into a container for the accumulation and temporary storage of liquid waste containing oil products of the corresponding group.

When generating and transferring solid wastes containing petroleum products to a temporary storage warehouse, they are recorded in accordance with Section 9 of this Instruction.

Forbidden:

· smoking, use of open fire when working with any waste containing petroleum products;

mix during collection and temporary storage different kinds and groups of waste, soda neighing oil products;

drain, pr spillage, spraying of liquid waste containing oil products onto the soil, into sewerage systems, into surface and underground water bodies, spreading over the territory separate subdivision(branch) or settlements of solid waste containing petroleum products;

any actions (throw, hit, disassemble, turn on its side or upside down, etc.) that can lead to mechanical damage or destruction of waste containers ami containing oil products and / or slugs of waste oil products;

Discharge into a container with municipal solid waste, incineration (in a boiler room, heating heating oven or container), transfer of recyclable solid and / or liquid waste containing petroleum products, by physical or legal entities who do not have a license for the neutralization and disposal of waste of I-IV hazard classes;

· placement of hard and / or liquid waste containing petroleum products at landfills and landfills for municipal solid waste, their burial on the territory of a separate subdivision (branch) of LLC "Name of the enterprise" or locality where the branch is located.

8. CONDITIONS FOR TEMPORARY STORAGE AND ACCUMULATION OF WASTE

Temporary storage and accumulation of waste of hazard classes 3-4 containing oil products is allowed for no more than 6 months in special containers, depending on the amount of waste generated during this period of time, on racks, pallets or in stacks:

In specially allocated covered warehouses (well ventilated, with a lock, located separately from production or amenity premises). The floor, walls and ceiling of the warehouse must be made of a hard, smooth, water- and oil-resistant material (metal, concrete, ceramic tiles, etc.), painted with paint. Avoid access by unauthorized persons. The warehouse must be equipped with means of emergency response: a box of sand, a shovel or shovel, a fire extinguisher.

Under a canopy that excludes the ingress of water and foreign objects or on a planned fenced area with a solid water-, oil-tight coating, protected from direct sunlight and precipitation. On the fence of the site, a sign or the inscription “Warehouse for waste containing petroleum products. Responsible for the warehouse - Full name. Exclude access of unauthorized persons. The site must be equipped with means of emergency response: a box of sand, a shovel or shovel, a fire extinguisher.

On the doors of the waste warehouse, containers, boxes with liquid or solid waste containing oil products, a yellow signal color safety sign “Fire hazard. Flammable substances" (Fig. 1) in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026-2001, Appendix D "Warning signs", table D.1, sign code - W 01.

For each type of liquid or solid waste containing petroleum products, separate containers (barrels, canisters, boxes) must be installed, on which an inscription with the name of the waste collected in this container and a yellow safety sign must be applied (with paint or a sticker is pasted). signal color “Fire hazard. Flammable substances” (Fig. 1).

Liquid waste containing oil products is collected and stored in special polymeric (made of oil-resistant plastic) or metal sealed containers (canisters, barrels, etc. - see Appendix 2) installed on a pallet to collect accidentally spilled oil. The size of the pallet should be wider than the container for collecting liquid waste containing oil products, by about 10-12cm on each side, the height of the sides of the pallet is 7-10cm. Each container must have an inscription (with paint or a sticker) corresponding to the group of oil products collected in this container: “MMO”, “MIO” or “SNO”. A plate with a list of liquid petroleum products allowed to be collected in this container must be fixed above each container. When storing containers with liquid waste containing waste oil products, they are installed with lids (plugs) up, while the lids (plugs) must be in place and tightly closed (screwed).

Packaging of solid waste containing oil products, according to its functional purpose, is divided into inner packaging and shipping container,

Inner packing (hermetic bags made of a durable polymer film) is designed to prevent the access of atmospheric oxygen, reduce the speed and stop the process of oxidation of solid waste containing petroleum products and, accordingly, prevent spontaneous combustion of waste. The maximum weight of polymer bags during filling should not exceed 30 kg.

When transferring solid waste containing petroleum products to a temporary storage and accumulation warehouse in without fail check the correctness, integrity and tightness of their inner packaging, if necessary, correct the deficiencies. Polymer bags are weighed, placed in containers, barrels or boxes (shipping containers).

Shipping container (metal, polymer containers, barrels, boxes) are designed to protect solid waste containing petroleum products from external influences and to ensure the convenience of loading and unloading, transportation and temporary storage. Each transport container (container, barrel, box) with waste containing oil products must be marked with a transport hazard characterizing the cargo.

In accordance with the Transport Recommendations dangerous goods(Chapter 3.2. "List of Dangerous Goods") waste "wiping material contaminated with oils (oil content less than 15%)" has the transport name "Oiled rags", serial number 1856, corresponds to class 4, subclass 4.2. This substance is exempt from labeling with danger signs, but its class or subclass must be indicated (clause 29 of Chapter 3.3). In accordance with Appendix A h. 3 tab. 4 oily rags are not subject to ADR.

Waste automobile filters (air, fuel, oil) are not included in the list of dangerous goods of the "Recommendations for Transportation ..."

As wastes containing oil products are stored and accumulated up to the established limits (but not more than 6 months), they are transferred for neutralization to a specialized enterprise in accordance with the concluded agreement.

It is forbidden:

· placement of containers for collecting waste containing oil products in direct sunlight, near heating elements, heating devices and other heat sources;

· storage and eating, smoking and use of open fire in places of temporary storage and accumulation of waste containing petroleum products;

· accumulation of waste containing oil products in temporary storage places in excess of the established limits;

storage of waste containing oil products for more than 6 months.

9. ACCOUNTING FOR THE GENERATION AND MOVEMENT OF WASTE

Accounting for the formation and movement of solid and liquid wastes of hazard classes 3-4 containing oil products is carried out in accordance with instruction No. E / Woth “Procedure for accounting for waste management in LLC” Business name ».

10. TRANSFER OF WASTE TO SPECIALIZED ENTERPRISES

The transfer of all types of waste containing petroleum products for disposal is carried out in accordance with an agreement concluded with a specialized enterprise that has a license for the neutralization and disposal of waste of I-IV hazard classes.

A written application is being prepared to a specialized enterprise with which a contract has been concluded for the disposal of waste containing petroleum products, indicating the name and quantity of each type of waste. In the case of transfer for disposal of used oils of all types, the written application shall additionally indicate Bank details separate subdivision (branch) LLC " Company name» to list Money for the transferred waste. A written application for waste disposal is signed by the head of the branch. A properly completed written application is sent to a specialized company by fax, then by phone specified in the contract, the date, time and conditions for the acceptance and transfer of waste and the receipt / issuance of documents (invoice, certificate of completion, act / certificate of acceptance and transfer of waste) are agreed and so on.). The transfer of waste containing oil products to a specialized enterprise is carried out only after the preparation of all accounting documents and the agreement on the conditions for the transfer of waste.

Upon receipt of documents on the transfer of waste for disposal from a specialized enterprise, their originals are transferred to the accounting department of a separate subdivision (branch) of LLC Kuzbass Energy Grid Company, a copy of the act (certificate) of acceptance and transfer of waste containing oil products is mandatory transferred to the responsible person appointed by order (instruction) of the head of the branch for application to the annual satistic reporting in the form 2-tp (waste) as a document confirming the actual transfer of waste for disposal. .

11. TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE

11.1. Requirements for carrying out loading and unloading operations

When loading and unloading waste containing petroleum products, it is necessary to take into account meteorological conditions. It is forbidden to load/unload waste containing oil products during rain or thunderstorms. When there is ice, the places of loading / unloading should be sprinkled with sand.

Loading / unloading of waste containing oil products must be carried out in the presence of a person responsible for controlling the handling of hazardous waste, appointed by order of the head of a separate subdivision (branch).

It is not allowed to accumulate people in places reserved for loading / unloading waste containing oil products. The transfer site must be equipped with fire extinguishing and emergency response equipment (see section 12 of this manual). No more than one can be loaded/unloaded at the same time. vehicle.

The body of the vehicle must be cleaned of the remains of previously transported goods, various packaging materials and combustible residues (sawdust, straw, shavings, hay, paper, etc.).

During loading / unloading, the vehicle engine must be turned off, and the driver must be outside the established loading and unloading area.

Before loading / unloading waste containing oil products manually, the person responsible for controlling the handling of hazardous waste conducts a special briefing for loaders in the scope of this instruction.

Carrying out loading and unloading operations with waste containing oil products, loaders must be guided by the following requirements:

Strictly comply with the requirements of labeling and warning labels on packages;

Do not dump containers (canisters, barrels, boxes, containers) with waste containing petroleum products from the shoulder;

Do not turn containers (canisters, barrels, boxes, containers) with waste containing petroleum products on their side or upside down;

Do not use auxiliary reloading devices that can damage the shipping container in which the waste containing oil products is packed;

Do not drag or tilt containers (canisters, barrels, boxes, containers) with waste containing petroleum products;

Fasten containers (canisters, barrels, boxes, containers) with waste containing oil products in the body of the vehicle in such a way as to exclude the possibility of their movement during transportation and only with the help of a tool that does not give sparks during operation;

Smoking only in designated areas.

Before loading containers with waste containing petroleum products into a vehicle, the correctness, integrity and compliance of their transport packaging with the requirements listed in section 8 of this instruction are checked. If necessary, correct deficiencies.

Loading / unloading of wastes containing oil products packed in transport containers must be carried out carefully and carefully. The installation of containers in the vehicle must be carried out in correct rows with the lids up. Lids must be tightly closed.

In the car, transport containers (canisters, barrels, boxes, containers) with waste containing oil products are installed and secured in such a way as to avoid loss of cargo during transportation, its movement in the body and ensure maximum safety for the driver and forwarder in case of an emergency.

It is forbidden:

· throw, hit, turn containers (canisters, barrels, boxes, containers) with waste containing petroleum products upside down or on their side;

damage in any way the shipping container in which the waste is transported, with containing petroleum products;

· place on containers (canisters, barrels, boxes, containers) with waste containing oil products and other types of cargo;

smoke when loading / unloading waste containing petroleum products

11.2. Waste handling requirements

Transportation of hazardous waste is carried out in accordance with:

- Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 23, 1993 No. 1090 "On the rules of the road" (together with the "Basic provisions for the admission of vehicles for operation and the obligations officials security traffic»).

Transportation of waste containing petroleum products for disposal to a specialized enterprise is carried out by transport of a separate subdivision (branch) or an enterprise with which an agreement has been concluded for the transportation of this type of waste, subject to the following conditions:

Availability of documentation for the transportation and transfer of waste, indicating the amount of transported waste, the place and purpose of their transportation;

Availability of a copy of the waste passport, issued in the prescribed manner.

Waste containing petroleum products is transported by car in closed cars, in a transport package that ensures their safety. Vehicles must be equipped with a metal chain (grounding) with a touch of the ground in a section of at least 200 mm long and a metal pin to protect against static and atmospheric electric charges in the parking lot. The design of vehicles and the conditions for transporting waste containing oil products must exclude the possibility of accidents, losses and pollution by vehicle waste and the environment along the route.

When transporting waste containing petroleum products, the driver must have:

Certificate of completion of special training according to the approved program for persons admitted to the handling of hazardous waste;

Technical passport of the vehicle;

A copy of the waste passport;

Documents for the transportation and transfer of hazardous waste indicating the amount of transported waste, the place and purpose of their transportation (waybill, contracts for transportation and acceptance for waste disposal, payment order for payment for waste disposal, power of attorney to receive documents, waybill, etc. .P.);

If the driver does not have a certificate of passing special training for persons admitted to waste management, transportation of used and / or defective mercury-containing lamps must be carried out in the presence of a person who has such a certificate.

12. EMERGENCY MEASURES(EMERGENCY) SITUATIONS

When handling waste containing petroleum products, an emergency (emergency) situation means:

Ignition of waste containing petroleum products;

Accidental flow of liquid waste containing petroleum products.

In case of fire of waste containing oil products, notify personnel using automatic system fire protection or voice, inform the immediate supervisor, the dispatcher of the enterprise, call the rescue service by tel. 01. Sand, foam, powder compositions, carbon dioxide are used for extinguishing.

In case of accidental spillage of liquid waste containing petroleum products, the place of the spillage is filled up sawdust or sand, which are then carefully collected in a strong plastic bag and placed in a special container with a tight-fitting lid. Wood sawdust or sand contaminated with oil products are subsequently transferred for disposal to a specialized company with which a contract has been concluded.

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