Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..3
1.1. Financial control in the financial management system ………………..7
1.2. Principles of organizing financial control ………………………….10
1.3.Implementation of financial control……………………………………11
2. Types and methods of financial control……………………………………...14
2.1. Types of financial control ............................................... ............................14
2.2. Models and forms of financial control ………………...……………….18
2.3. Methods of financial control……………………………………………….20
3. Organization of financial control in the Russian Federation ………………………………….23
3.1. Organizational and legal foundations of financial control in the Russian Federation………..23
3.2. Financial Control by the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation…………………23
3.3. Financial control by the President of the Russian Federation………………………25
3.4. Financial control by the Government of the Russian Federation…………………...26
3.5. Financial control exercised by specialized bodies…………………………………………………………………………….30
3.6. Non-state financial control……………………………….33
4. Ways to improve financial control in the Russian Federation…………………….39
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….45
List of used literature…………………………………………...47
Introduction
The use of commodity-money relations presupposes the exercise of control over the correct determination of the costs of living and materialized labor and the measure of consumption. Without the correct organization of accounting and control over the production, distribution of products, the safety of property, it is impossible to ensure effective management economy, increasing labor productivity, the complex work of all branches of the national economy. IN modern system financial control have embodied the following principles: the unity of content and problem setting, the regularity of control, both internal and external, in order to prevent and timely eliminate deficiencies.
The use of such categories as price, profit, finance, credit leads to the need to apply a special form of financial control based on the use of cost categories. In modern conditions, this control is becoming increasingly relevant.
With the help of financial control, the correspondence of natural and cost indicators, compliance production activities legislation, the correctness of mutual settlements with the budget.
Control within the enterprise contributes to the efficiency of production economic activity, the safety of the property of the enterprise. Control over the availability and efficient use of both fixed and working capital directly affects the profitability and economic incentives for production. The efficiency of the use of fixed assets is inextricably linked with the strengthening of financial control over the project efficiency of centralized and non-centralized capital investments, return on capital investment. The efficiency of fixed assets put into operation should not be lower than actually achieved at the enterprise, and the payback of capital investments should ensure their return within the time limits established by the calculations.
No less important for increasing the efficiency of production is the strengthening of financial control over cost reduction. The main elements of the cost of output at most enterprises are the costs of living and materialized labor (raw materials, materials, wages).
The system of accounting and control over the consumption of raw materials and materials is due to the existing procedure for rationing and timely provision production process. The main documents that allow you to control the consumption of raw materials and materials are requirements, limit cards and intake books. The release of materials is carried out according to these documents in strict accordance with the production program and the norms of costs per unit of output. Inventory occupies a significant place in the overall system of control over the expenditure of raw materials and materials.
The basis for control over the use of funds for their intended purpose is the change of expenses approved by the head of the enterprise, compliance with the established norms for spending cash. The focus of financial control is the profit from the sale of products. Overall profit and profitability. One of the conditions for compliance with contractual discipline is the daily control over the production of products, their compliance with the given nomenclature, the rhythm of production, and the quality of products. Full coordination of economic contracts with the production program contributes to the rhythmic work of the enterprise, avoids unproductive costs for the payment of various fines, reduces the shelf life of finished products, and also reduces the working capital ratio for finished products. The total amount of profit is influenced by non-operating losses and income (fines, penalties, forfeits). Cost control of finance pervades all activities of the enterprise.
The final stage of financial control at the enterprise is the verification of the implementation of the financial plan. An effective form of control over the implementation of the financial plan is the preparation of a report on its use.
In the context of the transition to a market economy in our country, the entire system of financial relations is being restructured, which could not but affect financial control, as an integral element of the financial management system.
The development of commodity-money relations gave rise to a variety of forms of ownership, contributed to the emergence of the financial market, appeared joint-stock companies, limited liability companies.
The approach to managing the finances of enterprises has changed dramatically, the requirements for the reliability and timeliness of information used by a financial manager to make decisions on the use of financial resources, investments, and the choice of a bank and an insurance company have sharply increased.
Issues of efficiency and effectiveness of financial control become important in conditions of low tax collection and misuse of budgetary funds.
All this set new tasks for financial control, determined the direction of further development and improvement, contributed to the emergence of new organizational forms and methodological techniques.
Control methods are various methods and techniques of checks and audits, as well as ways to build accounting and workflow. Checks and audits are internal and external. Internal control provides for control over production and economic activities by the enterprise. It is aimed at strengthening the financial condition of the enterprise and increasing the efficiency of its work. Internal control can be carried out both by the enterprise itself and by independent bodies. External control is carried out by state bodies, independent services and banks by decision of state bodies. It is aimed at checking external financial reports, that is, reports used by external users: the owners of the enterprise, investors, etc.
1.1 Financial control in the financial management system
Control over the state of the economy, the development of socio-economic processes in society is an important area of activity in the management of the national economy. One of the links in the control system is financial control. Its purpose is to promote the successful implementation of the financial policy of the state, to ensure the process of formation and effective use of financial resources in all spheres and links of the national economy.
The role of financial control in a market economy increases many times, since it is a form of implementation of the control function of finance, which determines its purpose and content. At the same time, depending on the socio-economic situation of the state, the expansion of the rights of economic entities in the implementation financial activities, the emergence of various organizational and legal forms of entrepreneurship, the content of financial control is significantly enriched.
Financial control is a set of actions and operations carried out by specially authorized bodies in order to control compliance by business entities and public authorities and local government rules of law in the process of formation, distribution and use of financial resources for the timely receipt of complete and reliable information on the implementation of the adopted managerial financial decisions.
The purpose of financial control is to timely obtain all information about the progress of the financial management process at the micro and macro levels, identified violations for making adequate management decisions.
The main tasks of financial control are:
1. ensuring the financial security of the state and the financial stability of business entities;
2. fulfillment by business entities of their financial obligations, including to state authorities and local governments;
3. growth of financial resources in all spheres and links of the financial system, ensuring their rational, efficient and legal use;
4. observance of the financial interests of all business entities, strengthening their responsibility for the results of their activities;
5. Improving the efficiency of the state's financial policy.
In the system of financial control, the main and auxiliary elements that form the infrastructure of financial control are distinguished. As the main elements of financial control can be distinguished: object and subject; information, legal and methodological support; mechanism; principles; measures of responsibility of all participants in the control process. The financial control infrastructure includes: financial, technical, staffing control, etc. A set of interrelated elements that interact with each other and form an integral unity in the process of achieving control objectives is a system of financial control.
The objects of financial control are: the processes of formation, distribution and use of financial resources by business entities and state authorities and local self-government, characterized by a system of various cost indicators (for example, sales revenue, cost, taxes, etc.).
The most important element in the system of financial control is the subjects of control, since they, in accordance with the current legislation, directly exercise control and are responsible for their actions.
The subjects of financial control are specifically authorized bodies(state control bodies; structural units created in business entities and state authorities and local self-government; non-state specialized organizations), as well as qualified specialists carrying out their control activities in accordance with the law. Subjects of control, in order to implement the tasks set, perform specific actions or functions, the implementation of which is carried out on the basis of their powers, which determine the competence of the body exercising control.
The process of financial control is carried out using certain methods. Under the methods of financial control understand the specific ways of implementing control actions and operations. The external expression of control actions and operations is realized in a certain form of control. The established procedure for the implementation of control actions and operations is the control procedures. A certain sequence of financial control procedures, together with the methods used, constitutes the financial control mechanism .
As a rule, the process of financial control includes the following main stages:
1. Planning, which involves the definition of the object, goals, objectives and forms of control and the formation of a set of quantitative and quality indicators, which will be used to assess the implementation of financial decisions;
2. Carrying out control, the purpose of which is to collect operational data characterizing the state of the object of control, and their preliminary assessment;
3. Systematization of control results (generalization and ordering of the received information according to certain criteria) and reporting;
4. Implementation of the results, which involves bringing the decisions made based on the results of the control to all interested parties, the development and implementation of measures to eliminate the identified violations and shortcomings.
1.2. Principles of organization of financial control
The world community, based on many years of experience, has developed the basic principles of organizing financial control, which every modern civilized state strives to implement in its entirety. These principles are set forth in the Lima Declaration of INTOSAI, including such universal principles as independence and objectivity, competence and transparency. The independence of control should be ensured by the financial independence of the control body, longer terms of office of the heads of state control bodies, as compared to parliamentary ones, as well as their constitutional nature. Objectivity and competence imply strict observance by controllers of the current legislation, high professional level of controllers' work on the basis of strictly established standards for conducting audit work. Publicity provides for the constant communication of state controllers with the public and the means mass media.
There are other principles that are more applied, including:
The effectiveness of control;
Clarity and consistency of requirements imposed by controllers;
Incorruptibility of subjects of control;
The validity and evidence of the information given in the acts of inspections and audits;
Prevention (prevention) of probable financial violations;
Presumption of innocence (before trial) of persons suspected of financial crimes;
Consistency of actions of various regulatory bodies, etc.
Each institution and type of control has its own regulations, i.e. order and sequence of control actions. For example, the generally accepted rules for conducting a comprehensive audit of an economic entity include the following step-by-step actions of control bodies:
1) an inventory of the availability and safety of inventory items, objects of work in progress or construction, semi-finished products, office and other equipment, cash and settlements;
2) visual verification of the correctness of the execution of documents, the completeness and reliability of filling in the details, the compliance of the documents presented for verification with the approved standards, the identification of low-quality documents, the arithmetic calculation of the results, their data;
3) verification of the completeness and correctness of the reflection in the documents of financial and economic transactions, as well as the correctness and completeness of the reflection of accounting records in accounting registers, development tables, order journals, in the general ledger, etc.;
4) verification of the correctness of the calculation of calculated indicators (wages, taxes, depreciation amounts, reserves, interest on a loan, etc.);
5) verification of the correctness of reporting - accounting, financial, tax, statistical, insurance, credit and other, provided for by the current legislation of the country.
Other types of control, for example, documentary thematic audits, require appropriate regulations determined by control departments or company management (during internal control).
1.3. Implementation of financial control
Information support of financial control is all the information used in the implementation of the control process, characterizing the object of control, its specifics (associated, for example, with industry specifics), as well as information technologies used in the implementation of control. Such information includes: planning and economic, reporting, statistical information, information on the status of document flow, accounting data, as well as management and financial accounting, etc. Of great importance for the implementation of financial control is the "quality of information", i.e. its reliability, timeliness, completeness and necessity. The main source of information for the implementation of financial control is accounting data, the main task of which is to provide information to external and internal users of financial statements.
Legal and methodological support of financial control includes:
1. Financial and legal acts, which include: laws, subordinate regulatory legal acts of bodies of general and special competence, adopted in pursuance of laws;
2. Standards, which are normative and technical documents approved by the competent authority, establishing a set of norms, rules in relation to the subject of standardization (for example, rules (standards) of auditing);
4. Methodological documents that contain specific issues of organizing financial control, explain the methods and techniques for the practical implementation of certain control procedures (for example, instructions on the procedure for carrying out inspections or working with documents, etc.).
The implementation of financial control implies the existence of responsibility of business entities, state authorities and local governments, as well as bodies exercising financial control, and their officials. In case of violation of the established norms of law, administrative, civil, criminal, disciplinary responsibility arises. In addition, officials of state authorities and local self-government bodies are liable under the legislation on state and municipal service.
Failure to perform or improper performance by participants in the control process of their rights and obligations entails the use of certain coercive measures, the main of which are: warning; fines, penalties; prohibition or restriction of activities; prohibition on the implementation of certain operations (for example, blocking of expenses, suspension of operations on accounts in credit institutions); withdrawal of material and monetary resources (for example, budgetary funds); compensation; confiscation. The applied measures of coercion, expressed in monetary terms, are called financial sanctions, which are understood as financial measures on the part of state and other bodies. The main purpose of applying financial sanctions is to reduce violations by subjects financial relations established rules of law and the prevention of such violations.
Coercive measures, or sanctions, are applied by state authorities and their officials in accordance with their powers, if there are certain grounds. The grounds for the application of coercive measures are: failure to comply with the law (decision) on the budget; misuse of budgetary funds, untimely and incomplete transfer of budgetary funds to their recipients; failure to provide accounting (financial), tax reporting; tax evasion, etc. These violations are reflected in the final document (for example, an audit or inspection act), on the basis of which coercive measures are applied.
2. Types and methods of financial control
2.1. Types of financial control
To determine the types of financial control, as a rule, one proceeds from the most significant features of the classification, such as the subject and object of control. Depending on certain signs of classification, the following types of financial control are distinguished (Table 1).
Table 1
Main types of financial control
Depending on the entities exercising control, there are: state financial control and non-state financial control, which includes audit, intra-economic and public control.
State financial control is a set of actions and operations carried out by public authorities, as well as bodies specially created by them, using specific forms and methods of its organization for the observance by business entities and public authorities of the law in order to ensure the legality, expediency, effectiveness of education, distribution and use of financial resources of the state.
State financial control covers not only the public sector of the economy, but also extends to business entities of all forms of ownership, mainly by checking their compliance with tax laws, fulfilling state and municipal orders, intended use subsidies, grants, budget credits, as well as the effectiveness of the provision and legality of the use of tax incentives. Consequently, the object of state financial control is all monetary relations that develop in the course of the activities of business entities related to the formation and use of financial resources of the state.
The purpose of state financial control is to maximize the flow of funds to the treasury and prevent their inappropriate and inefficient spending.
The formation of the foundations of a market economy enhances the role of those types of financial control that are carried out on the basis of Russian laws, but without the mediocre participation of state regulatory authorities.
Non-state financial control includes: audit control, on-farm financial control and public control.
Auditor control is an activity carried out by audit organizations or auditors for independent verification of accounting and financial (accounting) statements of organizations and individual entrepreneurs. The purpose of the audit is to express an opinion on the reliability of financial (accounting) statements and on the compliance of the accounting procedure with the current legislation, which allows its user to draw correct conclusions about the results of economic activity, financial and property status of business entities and make informed decisions based on these conclusions. An audit does not replace state control over the reliability of financial (accounting) statements, carried out in accordance with the law. The official final document, which reflects the results of the audit, is the audit report. It is intended for users of financial (accounting) statements, which include members of the organization or owners of its property, tax authorities, statistical authorities.
In accordance with the nature and objectives of the audit, such forms of audit are distinguished as: mandatory, conducted in relation to certain business entities (engaged in a certain kind activities or formed in a certain organizational and legal form) and initiative audit. The purpose of a statutory audit is to obtain information about the financial position of an organization whose users are: the executive body of the organization, its participants (owners), as well as public authorities exercising control both in certain areas of financial relations (for example, activities off-budget funds), and the process of formation, distribution and use of public funds. An initiative audit is carried out in order to obtain information about the financial position of the organization, the state of its relationship with counterparties, tax authorities, etc., which is necessary for the executive body or participants (owners) of the organization to make management decisions.
Audit control has its own characteristics: the audit is carried out on a contractual basis; a business entity has a certain independence in choosing an audit organization (auditor); violations of the current legislation revealed during the audit affect the form of expression of the opinion of the audit organization on the reliability of the reporting, but does not entail the application of financial sanctions (for example, unlike the tax control authorities).
In the international practice of audit, there are currently: operational audit, which is a test of the functioning of individual parts of the economic mechanism of the organization in order to assess their effectiveness, reliability and usefulness; audit for compliance, which involves checking compliance with the norms of legislative acts and guidance materials prescribed by the administration for personnel; audit of financial statements, which is carried out in order to determine whether accounting and reporting information is consistent with generally accepted accounting rules.
On-farm control is carried out by special units provided for by the management structure of a business entity, as well as individual specialists. On-farm control has a number of features: the employees who carry it out are directly subordinate to the manager; this type of financial control is carried out continuously, not periodically; in addition, there is no unified regulation of the scope and nature of control procedures, the procedure for their documentation (determined, as a rule, by the organization itself). On-farm control is organized mainly at medium and large enterprises; its implementation under conditions of proper organization contributes to: increasing the responsibility of officials and employees; safety and rational use of financial resources of the organization; prevention of negative phenomena in the financial and economic activities of the organization; obtaining the necessary operational information for management.
The types of financial control traditionally include public control, which is understood as control carried out directly by citizens, as well as public organizations and associations, i.e. without the participation of special state bodies.
The task of non-state financial control is to increase the efficiency of the use of invested funds by reducing costs, including tax payments to the state.
Depending on the object of control, such types of financial control are distinguished as: budgetary, tax, customs, currency, insurance control (insurance), monetary control, control over the activities of extra-budgetary funds, etc.
Budget control, which is one of the most important types of financial control, ensures the correctness of the compilation and execution of budget revenues and expenditures in the context of indicators, statutory on the budget for the respective year; identification of deviations in the course of budget execution; identification of financial violations in the public sector, control over the correct implementation of budget accounting. Tax and customs control are considered either as independent types of control, or as components of budgetary control.
Financial control, the object of which is financial relations that develop in various areas and links of the financial system, can be carried out by both state and non-state financial control bodies. Thus, financial control in the insurance sector is carried out by specially created state bodies (for example, the Federal Insurance Supervision Service of the Russian Federation), as well as audit organizations. Financial control in the pension system in the Russian Federation is carried out by: the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, the Federal Financial Markets Service, the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation (in relation to insurers and pensioners), the Federal Financial and Budgetary Supervision Service, the Public Council for Investing Pension Savings, non-state pension funds ( in relation to management companies), audit firms, internal control bodies.
2.2. Models and forms of financial control
The effectiveness of financial control also depends on the sanctions applied to financial violations. World practice identifies two established models of financial control.
In countries that adhere to the Anglo-Saxon model, the activities of the control body are limited to the preparation of an audit report. The issue of sanctions is considered by administrative and judicial bodies.
In countries where the French model has been established, control bodies also perform some judicial functions: they are given the right to determine the degree of guilt of persons in financial violations, as well as to demand compensation for damages. Thus, the Accounts Chamber of France, based on the results of checking the accounts of a state organization and in the event of a shortage or overspending of funds, can make a determination in relation to government officials who have committed a violation, which is also an executive document giving the right to seize the property of a government official or the property of his guarantors and successors. .
Forms of control are usually classified according to the following criteria:
1) implementation regulations - mandatory (external), proactive (internal);
2) time of holding - preliminary, current (operational), subsequent;
3) subjects of control - presidential, legislative authorities and local self-government, control of executive authorities, control of financial and credit authorities, intra-company, departmental, audit;
4) objects of control - budgetary; control over off-budget funds, tax, currency, credit, insurance, investment, customs control; control over the money supply.
Mandatory control over the financial activities of legal entities and individuals is carried out on the basis of the law. This applies, for example, to tax audits, control over the targeted use of budgetary resources, mandatory audit confirmation of financial and accounting data of enterprises and organizations, etc.
Initiative (internal) control does not follow from financial legislation, but is an integral part of financial management to achieve tactical and strategic goals.
Preliminary financial control is carried out prior to financial transactions and is important to prevent financial irregularities. It provides for an assessment of the financial feasibility of planned expenditures in order to prevent wasteful and inefficient spending of funds. An example of such control at the macro level is the process of drawing up and approving budgets at all levels and financial plans extrabudgetary funds based on the forecast of macroeconomic indicators of the country's economic development. At the micro level, this is the process of developing financial plans and estimates, loan and cash applications, financial sections of business plans, drawing up forecast balance sheets, joint venture agreements, etc.
Current (operational) financial control is carried out at the time of monetary transactions, financial transactions, loans and subsidies. It prevents possible abuses in receiving and spending funds, contributes to the observance of financial discipline and the timely implementation of cash settlements. Accounting plays an important role here.
Subsequent financial control, carried out by analyzing and auditing financial and accounting records, is designed to assess the results of the financial activities of economic entities, the effectiveness of the implementation of the proposed financial strategy, compare actual financial costs with forecasted ones, etc.
2.3. Methods of financial control
There are the following control methods:
1) documentary and cameral checks;
2) surveys;
3) supervision;
4) analysis of the financial condition;
5) observation (monitoring);
6) revisions;
1. In the process of conducting inspections, on the basis of reporting documentation and expenditure documents, certain issues of financial activity are considered and measures are outlined to eliminate the identified violations.
2. The survey covers a wider range of financial and economic indicators of the surveyed economic entity to determine its financial condition and possible development prospects.
3. Supervision is carried out by regulatory authorities over economic entities that have received a license for a particular type of financial activity and involves their compliance with established rules and regulations. For example, commercial banks are supervised by the Bank of Russia and insurance companies are supervised by the Department of Insurance Supervision of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. Non-compliance with regulations, leading to the risk of bankruptcy and infringement of the interests of clients, entails the revocation of the license.
4. Analysis of the financial condition as a kind of financial control involves a detailed study of periodic or annual financial and accounting statements in order to assess the overall results of financial activity and liquidity, security own capital and efficiency of its use.
5. Observation (monitoring) - constant control by the creditor over the use of the issued loan and the financial condition of the client. The inefficient use of the received loan and the decrease in liquidity may lead to tightening of credit conditions or the requirement for early repayment of the loan.
6. Audit - the most profound and comprehensive method of financial control. This is a complete survey of the financial and economic activities of an economic entity in order to verify its legality, correctness, expediency, and effectiveness. Types of audit: full and partial, complex and thematic, scheduled and unscheduled.
Audits are carried out both by internal control structures and by various state and non-state control bodies (Department of Financial Control and Audit of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, Treasury, Central Bank, audit services). The results of the audit are documented in an act, on the basis of which measures are taken to eliminate violations, compensate material damage and bringing those responsible to justice.
3. Organization of financial control in the Russian Federation
3.1. Organizational and legal foundations of financial control in the Russian Federation
The principle of separation of powers, enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the constitutions (charters) of the constituent entities of the Federation, provides for control over the financial activities of executive authorities by the President and representative authorities. Such control is exercised during the adoption of certain laws relating to financial activities, and above all, when considering and approving projects of the federal and lower budgets, state and local off-budget funds, as well as approving reports on their implementation.
Financial control on the part of representative authorities is carried out by the relevant structures, committees, commissions of the Federation Council and the State Duma, the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, and the Chambers of Control and Accounts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
The beginning of such control was laid in 1992 by the creation of the Control and Budget Committee under the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation as a body independent in its actions neither from the apparatus of the President of the Russian Federation, nor from the Government of the Russian Federation. At present, the bulk of its functions have been transferred to the State Duma Committees on Budget and Taxes, Finance and Banking, whose respective subcommittees carry out expert and analytical work on all financial issues. For example, the subcommittee on the budget gives an opinion on the draft federal budget. Other sub-committees deal with the evaluation of legislative proposals, respectively, on taxation, banking and financial activities.
3.2. Financial Control by the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation
A special place in the system of financial control by representative authorities belongs to the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, whose activities are determined by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of January 11, 1995. It is independent from the Government of the Russian Federation, a permanent body of state financial control, endowed with broad powers and accountable to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.
The sphere of powers of the Accounts Chamber is the control of federal property and the spending of federal funds. All legal entities are subject to control - state bodies and institutions, including off-budget funds and the Central Bank; local governments, commercial banks, insurance companies, as well as other commercial funds and non-state commercial organizations - insofar as they receive, transfer or use funds federal budget and off-budget funds, the use of federal property, as well as the availability of tax, customs and other benefits granted by the federal authorities.
The following tasks were set for the officials of the Accounts Chamber:
Organization of control over the execution of the federal budget and off-budget funds;
Preparation of proposals to eliminate detected violations and streamline the budget process;
Evaluation of the effectiveness and expediency of spending public funds, including those provided on a repayable basis, and the use of federal property;
Determination of the degree of validity of articles of draft federal budget and extra-budgetary funds;
Financial expertise, i.e. assessment of the financial implications of the adoption of federal laws relating to the federal budget;
Control of receipt and movement of budgetary funds on bank accounts;
Regular submission to the Federation Council and the State Duma of information on the implementation of the federal budget;
Control over the flow of funds to the federal budget from the privatization of federal property, its sale and management.
The Accounts Chamber is also obliged to control the state of the state external and internal debt of the Russian Federation, the activities of the Central Bank in servicing the state debt; the effectiveness of the use of foreign credits and loans received by the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as the provision by Russia of financial resources in the form of loans and free of charge to foreign states and international organizations.
The main forms of control carried out by the Accounts Chamber are thematic inspections and audits. In order to take measures to eliminate the identified violations, compensate for the damage caused to the state and bring the perpetrators to responsibility, including criminal liability, officials guilty of violating the law and mismanagement, the Accounts Chamber sends submissions to the head of the audited enterprise, institution or organization, which should be considered in the period specified therein. If facts of gross violations of legality and financial discipline that cause direct damage to the state are revealed, or if the procedure and deadlines for considering the submissions of the Accounts Chamber are not observed, it is given the right to issue mandatory instructions. If the instructions are not complied with, the Collegium of the Accounts Chamber, in agreement with the State Duma, may decide to suspend financial, payment and settlement operations on the accounts of a legal entity. The order may be challenged in court.
By law, the activities of the Accounts Chamber are public: all results must be covered in the media.
3.3. Financial control by the President of the Russian Federation
Financial control by the President of the Russian Federation is carried out in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation by issuing decrees on financial matters, signing federal laws, appointing and dismissing the Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation, and submitting candidates to the State Duma for the post of Chairman of the Central Bank.
Certain functions of financial control are performed by the Main Control Directorate of the President of the Russian Federation, established by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 24, 1994. As a structural unit of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation, it reports directly to the President, but at the same time interacts with all state executive power.
Among its features:
1) control over the activities of bodies of control and supervision under the federal executive authorities, departments of the presidential administration, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Federation;
2) consideration of complaints and appeals of individuals and legal entities.
The Control Department has the right to require the heads of state bodies, organizations and enterprises (regardless of the form of ownership) to submit documents, materials and other information necessary for conducting inspections, to involve specialists and representatives of law enforcement agencies in inspections and to submit proposals to the president based on the results of inspections. They have the right to send orders to eliminate financial violations, which must be considered within ten days. But they are not given the right to apply any sanctions on their own.
Executive authorities of all levels exercise financial control directly within their powers, as well as direct and control the activities of subordinated to them management structures, including financial ones.
3.4. Financial control by the Government of the Russian Federation
In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Law "On the Council of Ministers - the Government of the Russian Federation", it is endowed with the broadest powers. The Government of the Russian Federation controls the process of developing and executing the federal budget, the implementation of a unified policy in the field of finance, money and credit. It controls and regulates the financial activities of federal ministries and departments, directs the activities of financial control bodies subordinate to it.
The Government of the Russian Federation approved the Regulation "On the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation" (Decree of March 6, 1998), the Regulation "On the Treasury" (Decree of August 27, 1993).
Under the Government of the Russian Federation, there is an Interdepartmental Council for State Financial Control, established in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 2, 1996, to coordinate control over public funds. The Council includes the chairman of the Central Bank, the head of the Federal Treasury, and the heads of financial and control bodies. Representatives of the Prosecutor General's Office and law enforcement agencies may take part in the work of the Council. The Council is headed by the Minister of Finance.
The most important place in the system of financial control by the Government of the Russian Federation is occupied by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, which not only develops and implements the country's financial policy, but also directly controls its implementation by executive authorities. All structural subdivisions of the Ministry of Finance control financial relations in one form or another. First of all, the Ministry of Finance exercises financial control during the development of the draft federal budget; controls the receipt and expenditure of budgetary funds and funds of federal non-budgetary funds; participates in carrying out currency control; controls the direction and use of public investments allocated on the basis of a decision of the government of the Russian Federation.
Based on the results of the control, the Ministry of Finance has the right to demand the elimination of identified violations; limit and suspend financing from the federal budget of enterprises and organizations if they have facts of illegal spending of funds, as well as their failure to submit appropriate reports; collect public funds that have been used for other purposes, with the imposition of prescribed fines.
An important role in the conduct of financial control is played by the methodological guidance provided by the Ministry of Finance for the organization of accounting in the country, as well as the certification of auditing and licensing of audit activities (except for the audit of banks).
It should be noted that the control powers of the Ministry of Finance apply to financial resources only at the federal level. The budgetary legislation provides for the financial independence of the subjects of the Federation and local governments. They themselves are responsible for the formation and use of their budgets and extra-budgetary funds.
Operational control of the use of public funds is carried out by the Department of State Financial Control and Audit operating within the Ministry of Finance, as well as by the bodies of the Federal Treasury.
Department of Financial Control and Audit of the Ministry of Finance. The Russian Federation was created by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 6, 1998 and replaced the Control and Auditing Department of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.
The Department and its territorial subdivisions are obliged to conduct comprehensive audits and thematic audits in order to control the receipts and targeted use of the federal budget and state off-budget funds; documentary checks of financial and economic activities on the instructions of law enforcement agencies, as well as state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments.
The bodies of the federal treasury are called upon to implement the state budget policy, manage the processes of execution of the federal budget, while exercising strict control over the receipt, targeted and economical use of public funds. The following tasks are assigned to the Treasury:
Control of the revenue and expenditure parts of the budget in the course of its execution;
Monitoring the state of public finances in general and providing the highest legislative and executive authorities with reports on the financial transactions of the government of the Russian Federation and the state of the budget system;
Together with the Central Bank, monitoring the state of the state internal and external debt of the Russian Federation;
Control over state federal off-budget funds and financial relations between them and the federal budget.
Treasury bodies have the right to check various monetary documents, reports and estimates in state bodies, banks, enterprises of all forms of ownership using federal budget and extra-budgetary funds; suspend operations on bank accounts in case of violations. They have the right to issue instructions on the collection in an indisputable manner of state funds subject to return to the budget, the return period of which has expired, and also to seek in an indisputable manner penalties from commercial banks in the event of untimely crediting of funds received from economic entities to the accounts of the federal budget and extra-budgetary funds. in the amount of 1/300 of the current refinancing rate of the Central Bank for each day of delay. As a rule, the Treasury bodies interact with the bodies tax service and law enforcement agencies by decision of the Government of the Russian Federation.
The transition to the treasury system for the execution of the federal budget will significantly strengthen the control powers of the Federal Treasury in terms of the federal budget. It should be noted that at present there are no serious administrative or criminal liability for the misuse of budgetary funds, which sharply reduces the degree of effectiveness of state financial control. There are practically no cases when cases initiated on the facts of misuse of state resources were brought to court.
The Budget Code of the Russian Federation of 1998 is designed to help improve the efficiency of budgetary control. Thus, the Budget Code obliges budget funds managers to exercise control over ensuring the targeted use and timely return of budget funds by their recipients through inspections of subordinate enterprises and budgetary institutions. Violators of budget legislation may have their spending accounts blocked, budget funds withdrawn, operations on accounts in credit institutions suspended, etc. In addition, the Budget Code more clearly defines the control functions in the field of the budget and the budget process on the part of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, the Federal Treasury, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, financial authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities. At the same time, there is no effective mechanism for monitoring budgets at all levels. The special Federal Law “On State Financial Control of the Russian Federation”, which is under consideration, is called upon to solve this problem, providing for appropriate sanctions and mechanisms for their application.
3.5. Financial control exercised by specialized bodies
In connection with the increasing role of taxes in state revenues during the transition to a market economy, it became necessary to separate tax authorities into a special centralized system - the State Tax Service of the Russian Federation, which, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 23, 1998, was transformed into the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Taxes and Duties. The following functions are entrusted to the ministry:
1) development of the main directions of tax policy and its implementation;
2) coordination of activities of territorial tax authorities;
3) interaction with other regulatory structures and law enforcement agencies.
the main task tax authorities - ensuring a unified system of control over compliance with tax legislation, the correctness of the calculation, the completeness and timeliness of paying taxes and other obligatory payments. The main operational link is the city and district tax inspectorates, since it is they who carry out current tax control and keep records of taxpayers.
In accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, tax authorities have the right to check monetary documents of legal entities and individuals, including joint ventures, foreign citizens and stateless persons, obtain the necessary information from them (with the exception of those constituting a trade secret), examine any production, warehouse and trade premises used for generating income, apply coercive measures against officials and citizens, including the seizure of relevant documents and suspension of bank account transactions. The Tax Code of the Russian Federation defines the types of tax offenses and responsibility for their commission.
According to the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of August 8, 1999 “On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the RSFSR “On the State Tax Inspectorate”, tax authorities received powers in the field of control over compliance with currency legislation, carried out within their competence.
To ensure the economic security of the Russian Federation and strengthen state discipline in the field of taxes, tax police bodies, its territorial and local divisions were created.
The tax police, interacting with the tax authorities, is called upon to solve the following tasks:
1) identify, prevent and suppress tax crimes and offenses. Tax authorities are required to send materials on alleged tax crimes to the tax police within ten days. In accordance with the amendments made in December 1995 to the Law of the Russian Federation “On Federal Tax Police Bodies”, the latter received the right to conduct a preliminary investigation of tax crimes;
2) ensure the safety of the activities of state tax inspections;
3) protect employees of the tax inspectorate from unlawful encroachments in the performance of their official duties;
4) prevent, detect and suppress corruption in the tax authorities.
In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 18, 1992 "On State Insurance Supervision in the Russian Federation", financial control in the field of insurance is carried out by the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Insurance Activities as part of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. The main tasks and principles of this service are defined by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On the organization of insurance business" dated December 31, 1997.
In addition to licensing insurance activities and regulating the single insurance market, state insurance supervision bodies in the center and locally exercise control over the observance of the rights and interests of policyholders. The rules for the formation and placement of insurance reserves, the methodology for calculating the ratios between the assets and liabilities of an insurance company, as well as the procedure for accounting for insurance operations and reporting forms for insurance activities, including compliance with established standards, are established. In case of repeated detection of violations of the law and regulations, the insurance supervisory authorities have the right to limit the validity of the licenses of insurance companies or apply to the arbitration court with a claim for their liquidation.
A special role in the implementation of financial control belongs to the Bank of Russia (Central Bank). As a government body endowed with power, it organizes and controls monetary relations in the country, supervises the activities of commercial banks. A special subdivision created for this purpose - the Department of Banking Supervision - checks the compliance of commercial banks with banking legislation and the standards established by the Central Bank banking. When facts of violations are established or when banks provide incomplete or inaccurate information, the Central Bank, depending on the type of violation, has the right to resort to certain methods of influence: a fine in the amount of 0.1 to 1% of the authorized capital; fulfillment of the requirements of the Central Bank for financial recovery; reorganization, replacement of the management of a commercial bank; the application of more stringent standards; a ban on conducting certain transactions and opening branches for a period of up to one year; the appointment of a temporary administration for up to a year and a half, and at least the revocation of the license and liquidation of the bank.
The State Customs Committee of the Russian Federation (SCC RF) is entrusted with monitoring compliance with tax, customs and currency legislation when goods are moved across the customs border of the Russian Federation.
The formation of the foundations of a market economy enhances the role of those types of financial control that are carried out on the basis of Russian laws, but without the direct participation of state regulatory authorities. Non-state types of financial control include:
1) intracompany (corporate);
2) control by commercial banks over client organizations;
3) audit control.
1. Intra-company financial control is carried out by the economic services of the enterprise itself, firm, corporation - accounting, financial department, financial management service and others - over the finances of their enterprise, its branches and subsidiaries. Internal control services monitor the effectiveness and expediency of monetary costs, both own and borrowed funds; analyze and compare actual financial results with forecasted ones; evaluate financial results from investment projects; control the financial condition of the company. Internal control accompanies the entire process of investing capital. The so-called post-audit means comparing the actual financial results at each stage of production and investment activities with those predicted in the financial section of the business plan; analysis and elimination of the causes of their discrepancy; search for ways to reduce costs and improve methods of financial forecasting.
2. The reform of the banking system in the early 1990s and the emergence of commercial banks significantly changed the functions of banks in the field of financial control. Whereas branches of the State Bank of the USSR controlled practically all the financial activities of the serviced enterprises, commercial banks are required by law to control only the observance by client enterprises of the procedure established by the state for conducting settlement and cash transactions and currency legislation. At the same time, commercial principles in the activities of banks require them to assess the financial condition and creditworthiness of the enterprise - a potential borrower. In the case of a loan, the bank monitors the use of the loan, solvency and liquidity of the client in order to assess the likelihood of repayment of the loan with interest due on the due date. Such control by the bank is an important element of credit risk management.
3. Audit control - a new type of financial control that appeared in Russia in the late 80s. The appearance in the market conditions of various commercial structures has sharply increased the demands on the part of society for their financial reliability and objectivity in assessing their financial condition. The state is also interested in an independent examination of the financial statements of private commercial structures, especially considering that it is carried out at the expense of the economic entities themselves.
The main tasks of audit control:
1) establishing the reliability of accounting and financial statements;
2) control over compliance with Russian legislation when performing certain financial and business transactions;
3) verification of settlement and payment documentation, tax declarations and other financial obligations of the audited economic entities. Auditing services can also provide other services: setting up and maintaining accounting records; preparation of financial statements and income declarations; analysis and forecasting of financial and economic activities; training of employees of accounting services and consulting in matters of legislation; elaboration and implementation of recommendations received from various regulatory bodies.
Auditing can be mandatory and proactive. If an initiative audit is carried out at the suggestion of the economic entity itself, then a mandatory audit is carried out in the prescribed manner in all cases provided for by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 7, 1994. All credit organizations, including the Central Bank, insurance companies, stock exchanges, off-budget funds, generated through compulsory contributions, charitable foundations, all enterprises established in the form of an open joint stock company, regardless of the number of shareholders and the size of the authorized capital, as well as enterprises that have authorized capital share held by foreign investors.
In addition, enterprises, with the exception of state and municipal enterprises, whose individual performance indicators exceed the criteria established by law, are subject to annual audit control. A mandatory audit can also be carried out on behalf of state bodies - the prosecutor's office, the treasury, the tax service, the tax police. Evasion of a legal entity from conducting a mandatory audit or obstruction of its conduct entails the collection of a fine by a court decision.
Audits can be carried out both by individual citizens who have passed state certification and are registered as entrepreneurial auditors, and by audit firms, including foreign ones, which may have any organizational and legal form provided for by Russian law, except for an open joint stock company. After obtaining a license for the right to carry out audit activities, such companies and citizens are included in State Register auditors and audit firms. Audit firms and auditors cannot simultaneously engage in any other business activity.
All audit services are paid. The relations of an audit firm with clients, as a rule, are drawn up by an agreement with payment for services at contractual prices. If an audit is carried out on the basis of an order from the judicial authorities in the presence of a criminal case accepted for proceedings or a case under the jurisdiction of an arbitration court, payment for audit services is made at the expense of the audited organization at rates approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, and in case of financial insolvency - from the state budget with subsequent compensation from the property of the audited organization, declared bankrupt by the court.
In accordance with the Interim Rules for Auditing in Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 23, 1993, the result of the audit is drawn up in the form of an auditor's or audit firm's report. This document has legal force for all legal entities and individuals, state and judicial authorities. There are four types of conclusion:
1) conclusion without comments - the auditor confirms the reliability of financial and accounting statements;
2) a conclusion with comments (reservations), indicating not only the general positive opinion of the auditor on the reliability of the statements, but also the presence of individual omissions, which are indicated in the analytical section of the conclusion;
3) a negative opinion is drawn up in cases where, in the opinion of the auditor, the accounting statements of the enterprise do not comply with the requirements of the law, and the financial statements are unreliable and do not give an idea of the real state of finances at the enterprise;
4) the conclusion is not drawn up if the auditor was not given the opportunity to obtain the necessary information about the audited object.
The scope of audit control in Russia is expanding with the formation and development of market relations, at the same time the requirements for the quality of audit and the professional level of auditors are increasing. The main criterion for assessing the quality of an audit is compliance with the rules and standards of auditing activities approved by the Audit Commission under the President of the Russian Federation in 1997. The draft law "On Auditing Activities in the Russian Federation", which is under consideration, takes into account international requirements for the conduct of auditing activities, which over time, it will allow Russian audit to integrate into the international audit system and ensure the recognition of Russian audit reports by foreign investors.
4. Ways to improve financial control in the Russian Federation
Fundamental changes in the socio-economic structure of Russia and in the methods of economic management made it inevitable a radical transformation of one of the most important financial management tools - state financial control. An adequate system of state financial control is one of the indispensable conditions for the success of economic reforms and an important tool in the fight against corruption and crime in the economic sphere. The creation of a well-functioning system of state financial control should be regarded as the most important factor in the further development of the Russian economy.
Improvement of financial control in the Russian Federation should be carried out in the following main areas. The creation of methodological foundations of financial control in the Russian Federation as the most important component of national control will allow all subjects of control and business entities to obtain clear guidelines in the process of determining and implementing their tasks, functions, powers, as well as to determine goals, objectives, principles, ethical standards of financial control, etc. P. It is also necessary to define legislatively: types of financial control, subjects and objects of financial control, separate the spheres of external and internal financial control. The lack of common approaches to the classification of financial control, a unified terminology regarding the definition of such key concepts as the type, form, methods of control, creates difficulties in the development and application of legal acts (methodological documents of regulatory authorities, etc.), contributes to the emergence of a number of controversial situations, for example, in relation to liability measures for financial violations. It is also necessary to complete the development of a unified codified system of financial control standards, using the experience of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation.
In matters of improving financial control, a large role belongs to various professional associations, associations of financial control bodies, whose activities will allow solving both individual issues of the implementation of one or another type of financial control in the Russian Federation, and key issues of financial control methodology.
The key direction of improving state financial control as the most important component of financial control in the Russian Federation and increasing its effectiveness is the adoption of a unified concept of state financial control in the Russian Federation, which should establish uniform methodological and legal foundations for the implementation of state financial control in the Russian Federation, determine the system of bodies exercising control, and as well as the mechanism of their interaction. Within the framework of these issues, it is necessary to develop scientific and methodological foundations for assessing the effectiveness of the activities of state financial control bodies and their employees.
In modern conditions, there is no mechanism for interaction between the state financial control bodies and the legislative (representative) and executive authorities, the development of which is a key issue in the organization of state financial control in the Russian Federation. An important issue is also the definition of the body with the status of supreme audit body. In addition, it is necessary to clearly define the status of the state financial control bodies in relation to the audit control bodies, legislatively fixing their priority in matters of financial control methodology. The issue of the need to develop fundamental legal acts, such as the Federal Law on State Financial Control in the Russian Federation, on the status of control and accounting bodies, has not yet been resolved.
In order to increase the efficiency of spending public funds, a promising direction for improving control is the transition to an audit of the effectiveness of public expenditures, which is an activity of control bodies that involves analyzing the effectiveness and economy of the use of public funds, assessing possible reserves for their growth and the validity of spending. Currently, there is no unified methodology for auditing the effectiveness of public expenditures, and criteria and indicators for the effectiveness of the use of public funds have not been defined. Work needs to be completed to specify and legislate the criteria for the inefficient use of budgetary funds, the disposal of state property, as well as responsibility for their inefficient use.
A significant share in the total volume of financial violations detected in the course of financial control is the misuse of budgetary funds. At the same time, the grounds on which the use of budgetary funds can be interpreted as misuse are not clearly defined, and there are no legal mechanisms that should be aimed at strengthening the measures of responsibility for the misuse and inefficient spending of public funds.
An important problem in the implementation of control is the low percentage of return of budget funds based on the results of audits and inspections. In this regard, it is necessary to take a set of measures:
· to improve the effectiveness of control measures aimed at clarifying the responsibility of public officials for violation of the requirements of the law on the execution of budgets and off-budget funds and on the disposal of state property;
· to increase the responsibility of officials for non-compliance with the instructions of control bodies;
· to establish legal norms that fix the mechanism for the return of budget funds and the responsibility of officials for the provision of unsecured budget credits and loans, etc.
In order to improve the efficiency of conducting audits of financial and economic activities as one of the main methods of financial control, it is necessary to legislate the basis for conducting an audit by defining the purpose and objectives of the audit, the procedure for its implementation; the composition of the bodies entitled to audit, their rights and obligations; determine the rights and obligations of the audited organizations, etc.
An important issue of improving control is the exclusion of duplication of actions of control bodies, which consists in the performance by different bodies of their functions in relation to the same objects of control - the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, federal treasury bodies, the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, control bodies created by the main managers and managers of budget funds when exercising subsequent financial control.
The bodies of tax and customs control should cooperate more closely with the control bodies of executive power, primarily with the bodies of the federal treasury and the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation. In addition, the following will contribute to improving the efficiency of tax control: solving problems related to the development of forms and methods of control work in relation to taxpayers representing "zero balances" or not representing tax reporting; further development of tax administration, and first of all for business entities operating in priority areas for this region; introduction of a system of indirect control, which is based on the assessment of the risk of non-payment of taxes and other obligatory payments; expansion of areas of interaction with public organizations of taxpayers; improvement of the software for the procedure of cameral inspections, as well as standardization of the procedure for on-site and on-site inspections, etc.
The use of new information technologies should become a factor in improving the efficiency of state financial control. Informatization of the activities of public authorities and state financial control based on advanced technologies opens up prospects for increasing the efficiency of using public resources. With the advent of new information technologies, it will be possible to fully ensure the openness of budgets at all levels, the ability to control the costs and income of each recipient of budgetary funds in real time. The availability of operational information on the financial and economic activities of all participants in the budget process will help prevent violations of financial and economic activities.
In order to improve audit control, the problem of improving the quality of audit services provided deserves special attention. In this regard, the development of additional criteria that characterize the activities of audit organizations in addition to compliance with current rules(standards). In addition, such factors as the creation of methods for assessing the damage from the implementation of a poor-quality audit, simplification of existing system court office work, etc. The quality of audit services is closely related to the level of qualification of auditors, the improvement of which should be facilitated by more efficient system their professional training. Assistance in the implementation of this direction should also be provided by professional audit associations (for example, the Audit Chamber of Russia).
An important direction in improving audit control in the Russian Federation should be a change in the nature of the audit, which will consist not only in expressing an opinion on the reliability of reporting, but also in providing the necessary information to its users about the actual financial position of a business entity. In order to further expand the interaction between state financial control bodies and audit organizations, it is necessary to expand and more clearly formalize the areas of possible cooperation, for example, in terms of analyzing the rational and efficient use of public funds by organizations. financial resources and property. The most important point is also the coordination of the interests of all participants in the audit services market on the basis of an effective mechanism for its regulation, which would include measures not only administrative, but also financial impact, and would also take into account the system of established ethical standards which today are mostly declarative in nature.
In modern conditions, its solution requires legislative support for on-farm financial control, the current state of which allows us to speak only about its creation, and not about development. It is necessary to legislate the basis for the functioning of internal control services and establish the basis for their interaction with other financial control bodies. An important direction in improving the system of on-farm control is the development and implementation of the most rational forms, methods for its implementation, which help reduce the abuse of officials, the safety and rational use of financial resources, and reduce the laboriousness of control work (for example, the introduction of performance-oriented budgeting).
Further development and the improvement of public control should be facilitated by the implementation of the following measures: expansion of the activities of boards of trustees, the creation of which is provided for by current legislation; clearer regulation of certain aspects of the activities of non-profit organizations ( public organizations, parties, unions, etc.), such as informing about the results of their activities (defining a specific list of mass media in which reports of such organizations should be published, establishing liability measures for evading the publication of reports); legislative provision of procedures for access to public information resources, excluding information with restricted access, as the most important basis for exercising public control over the activities of state authorities, local governments, public, political and other organizations; ensuring the possibility of public participation in the implementation of specific control actions (for example, inventory of goods and material assets and cash).
Conclusion
The need for financial control, its essence and significance are determined by the state structure of the country. Financial control in Russia is especially relevant during the period of transition from command-and-control to market forms of economic management. As the market economy develops, especially with the strengthening of its social orientation, the control and financial functions of the state become more and more complicated.
In the course of studying this problem, it turns out that financial control covers its impact on public relations in the process of creation, distribution and use of public funds. Financial control extends not only to financial, but also to a certain complex economic relations, as evidenced by numerous acts of audits, inspections of the economic and financial activities of any business entity. Thus, financial control is control over the financial and economic activities of economic entities.
Financial control is carried out in accordance with the procedure established by legal norms by the entire system of state authorities and local self-government bodies, including special control bodies with the participation of public organizations and other economic entities. Their rights, duties and responsibilities are strictly regulated by law.
The purpose of financial control is to promote the successful implementation of the financial policy of the state, as well as the effective use of financial resources in all areas and links of financial control is the most important condition for ensuring the rule of law in financial and economic activities, the economic and efficient use of budgetary, borrowed and own funds, strengthening financial discipline.
Financial control includes checking: compliance with the requirements of economic laws; preparation and execution of the budget (budget control); financial condition and effective use of labor, material and financial resources of an economic entity; tax control and other areas.
Financial control is essential for the implementation of the financial policy of the state. The implementation of financial policy is ensured by a set of state measures aimed at mobilizing financial resources, their distribution and redistribution for the state to perform its functions and programs .
The most important place among these activities belongs to the legal regulation of the forms and norms of financial relations. financial policy
should be directed, first of all, to the formation of the maximum possible amount of financial resources, since
they are the material base of any transformations. Therefore, in order to determine and formulate financial policy, reliable information about the financial situation of the state is needed.
It should be noted that financial control in the Russian Federation has not yet been fully formed and is in its infancy. Therefore, the imperfection of the financial control system is quite understandable, and leads to a number of serious problems. Budgetary funds are often used for other purposes, and sometimes even lost, there is corruption, criminalization of economic structures, the financial results of corporations and organizations are mostly hidden, non-payments are huge, and capital outflows abroad continue. IN market conditions financial control should be aimed at accelerating the economic and social development, suppression of mismanagement and theft, checking the timeliness of fulfilling obligations to the budget and extra-budgetary funds, mutual payments between business entities. Therefore, the introduction of new promising systems and methods in the field of financial control seems relevant today. List of used literature: 1. Finance. Money turnover. Credit: Textbook for universities / Ed. prof. G.B. Pole. - M .: UNITY-DANA, 2nd ed. 2003. 2. Finance: Textbook.-2nd ed., Revised. and additional / Ed. V.V. Kovalev. - M.: TK Velby, Publishing House Prospekt, 2004. 3. Finance: Textbook / Ed. A.G. Gryaznova, E.V. Markina. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2005. 4. Finance: Textbook for Universities / Ed. prof. L.A. Drobozina.- M.: Finance, UNITI, 2002 5. Finance, money circulation and credit. A. M. Babich, L.N. Pavlova. – M.: UNITI, 2000. 6. Finance, monetary circulation and credit: Textbook / Ed. V.K. Senchagova, A.I. Arkhipova. – M.: PROSPECT, 2001. 7. Finance. Money. Credit: Textbook / ed. O.V.Sokolova 8. Litovskikh A.M., Shevchenko I.K. Finance, money circulation and credit. - Tutorial. Taganrog: Publishing House of TRTU, 2003.
"Financial Market" - Issuers, investors. "New" major participants in the financial market. The abolition of the state monopoly on banking and insurance services. Investment risk. Bodies of state regulation of the financial market. OTC. Features of the Russian financial services market. Types of transactions. Financial market. RCB members. Possible Negative consequences functioning of the financial market:
"Analysis of the financial condition" - Figure 4 - Dynamics of the capital structure of JV "Santa Impex Brest" LLC for 2005–2007. Table 2 - Indicators of turnover of current liabilities of JV "Santa Impex Brest" LLC for 2005-2007. Output results for all coefficients. In the third chapter of the work: Object of study: In the first chapter of this work:
"Financial policy" - Financial policy is part of the general economic policy… The main directions of the budget policy in accordance with the text of the Budget message in 2009-2011. Creation of a sustainable pension provision mechanism for the long term Efficient spending of budgetary funds through the transition to the financial provision of public services based on the state task and the principles of per capita financing.
"Financial planning" - Comparability of indicators of financial plans and forecasts in the field of state and municipal finance is ensured by the budget classification of the Russian Federation. target programs. Budgeting in commercial organizations. The main problems of financial planning and forecasting in the Russian Federation. When forming the register of expenditure obligations, the following types of expenditure obligations can be distinguished:
"Financial Law" - One of the codified legal acts is Tax code RK (in the field of taxation). Question 5. SOURCES OF FINANCIAL LAW. The form of existence of financial law is financial legislation. The word creates what in the legal literature it is customary to call management in some area.
"Analysis of the financial activity of the enterprise" - We import the data into FinEk Analysis. Input of initial information. Elements of financial management. FinEc Analysis. After launching FinEcAnalysis, the main window of the program appears on the screen. Initial data for calculations. Capital management assessment. The finished file, filled in at the enterprise, is copied to the program directory.
TOPIC: FINANCIAL CONTROL 1. Essence and meaning of financial control 2. Forms and methods of financial control 3. Financial control bodies and their functions 1. Essence and meaning of financial control 2. Forms and methods of financial control 3. Financial control bodies and their functions
Financial control is a set of activities carried out by subjects of control to verify financial and related operations and actions of state authorities, municipalities, enterprises, institutions, organizations, as well as the population using specific forms and methods of its organization
The purpose of financial control is to promote the successful implementation of the financial policy of the state and business entities, ensuring the effectiveness of the process of formation, distribution and use of financial resources in all spheres and links of the country's economy.
Elements of financial control 1. Subject of control - controlling organization 2. Object of control - controlled organization 3. Subject of control - what is subject to control 4. Principles of financial control 5. Methods of financial control 6. Collection and processing of initial data for control 7. Technique and control technology - carrying out control measures and reporting results on the basis of certain technical requirements
The subject of financial control are: - budget indicators at all stages of the budget process; - financial indicators activities of business entities; - tax payments to the budget and off-budget funds; - indicators characterizing monetary relations; - the insurance market.
General principles of financial control Legality - the content of control is determined by the main legislative and regulatory acts Publicity - the results of financial control should be publicly available Objectivity - financial control is built strictly on the factual and documentary basis, deals with reporting data on the financial activities of the object of control, evaluates them comprehensively and impartially Accountability of financial control bodies to the authorities or owners that create them Separation of functions and powers between different financial control bodies - financial control bodies should not duplicate each other, are designed to provide the greatest possible completeness of control, coordinate their actions Independence - control bodies and their employees should be protected as much as possible from the possible influence on the result of their activities by the audited
FUNCTIONS OF FINANCIAL CONTROL Identification of deviations - includes: establishment of deviations in the implementation of laws in terms of the use of state budget funds; deviations in the formation of the revenue side and the use of the expenditure side of the budget; deviations in the sphere of financial activities of ministries, departments, enterprises and organizations Analysis of the causes of deviations - involves the study of the facts that determined this or that deviation, the establishment of persons responsible for the deviation budget execution, as well as in the process of financial and economic activities of enterprises and organizations Prevention function - an important prerequisite for development and the basis for strengthening the effectiveness of control activities is preventive work to prevent violations. The purpose of prevention is to identify the causes and conditions for the commission of offenses and their subsequent elimination in order to prevent new illegal actions, reduce their level in society responsibility, as well as the application of measures of state or public influence to these subjects.
The main forms of financial control The sign of classification Forms of financial control Time of control Preliminary, current, subsequent Direction of the influence of the subject on the object of control External, internal Place of control In-house, on-site Completeness of coverage of the material (information) being checked Continuous, selective Nature of control sources Documentary, actual Control frequency Systematic, periodic, one-time Completeness of coverage of the issues being checked Comprehensive, thematic, counter Repeatability of studying sources of control Primary, repeated, additional
Types of financial control Sign of classification Types of financial control Subject of controlState, non-state (audit), intra-economic, public Object of controlBudget, tax, customs, currency, insurance, monetary, etc.
National financial control is aimed at all economic entities, regardless of the form of ownership or departmental subordination. It is carried out by public authorities and public administration of general competence, as well as specialized control bodies. The object of this control is, first of all, the observance of financial legislation and the protection of the financial interests of the state.
Verification of the state, targeted and efficient spending of financial resources of the state and local governments Verification of the correctness of accounting and reporting reliability Monitoring compliance with current legislation in the field of taxation, currency, customs and banking execution of the federal budget and the budgets of state off-budget funds Tasks of state control
Control over the spending of budgetary funds Control over the use of state and municipal funds Prevention of financial abuse Control over the efficiency of use and safety of state and municipal property Control over the sources of receipt of budgetary funds Functions of state financial control Control over the effectiveness of the provision and legality of the use of tax benefits and received subsidies Control for the circulation of budget funds, state and municipal extra-budgetary funds in banks and other financial and credit institutions
The object of state financial control is the relationship that arises between the state, on the one hand, and legal entities and individuals, on the other hand, regarding the production and distribution of national income in the territorial and sectoral sections and its effective use.
The subjects of state financial control are organizations exercising financial control. They are subdivided on the basis of the type of control exercised (external and internal) and depending on the level of government (federal, regional and local).
On-farm (intra-company, corporate) financial control is carried out by the economic services of enterprises, as well as audit commissions or internal audit services created on a permanent or temporary basis. The status of these bodies is determined by the Charter of the organization and internal regulations. The object of control here is the production and financial activities of the enterprise and its structural divisions (shops, sections, departments, branches)
Independent (audit) financial control. The Federal Law "On Auditing Activities" defines the concept of audit as follows: "Auditing activities, auditing entrepreneurial activities for independent verification of accounting and financial (accounting) reporting of organizations and individual entrepreneurs."
The main purpose of audit control is to determine the reliability and correctness of the financial statements of enterprises, as well as control over compliance with laws and regulations of economic law and tax legislation. Regulations, regulating audit activities, classify external and internal, mandatory and proactive audit.
An external audit is carried out on a contractual basis by an independent audit firm (auditor) that has no interests in the audited enterprise. This implies that an external audit cannot be carried out in relation to economic entities that are founders, owners or shareholders of audit firms.
The main tasks of an external audit are to establish the reliability of the financial statements of the audited facilities, develop recommendations for eliminating existing shortcomings in activities, improve financial and economic activities and commercial results.
Internal audit is carried out by special structural divisions of the enterprise or by individuals directly subordinate to the management of the enterprise and working in its staff. Internal auditors, in addition to their main activities, improving the accounting and internal control system at the enterprise, can also perform special tasks for management.
An initiative audit is an audit conducted on the initiative of the economic entity itself, the owners of the enterprise or its managers, as well as persons owning at least 25% of the voting rights. Mandatory in the Russian Federation is the audit of enterprises and organizations, the list of which is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation (open joint stock companies, banks, investment and pension funds, insurance and financial companies, etc.), as well as on behalf of state financial control bodies, law enforcement and judicial authorities.
Preliminary financial control is carried out at the stage of drawing up, reviewing and approving the financial plans of enterprises, estimates of income and expenses of institutions and organizations, draft budgets, texts of contractual agreements, constituent documents Financial control can be classified depending on the timing of its implementation into preliminary, current and subsequent
Current financial control is a stage of the control procedure carried out directly in the course of work. It is carried out in the process of executing financial plans and performing production and financial operations and involves a comprehensive factor analysis enterprise activities. Current financial control can be used in finding intra-company reserves. It is carried out on a daily basis by economic services to identify violations of financial discipline in the process of executing financial plans, when checking financial statements on the organization's operations, when obtaining and providing bank and commercial loans.
Subsequent (final) control. It is carried out after the end of the reporting period or at the end of the financial year as a whole. The expediency of spending public funds is checked in the execution of budgets, funds of enterprises and organizations in the process of implementing financial plans and estimates. Based on the analysis of the nature of the use of all types of resources, the legality of business transactions and the final financial results, an appropriate assessment of the measures taken is given and recommendations are made to improve the work of the relevant departments.
Survey - study of certain aspects of the functioning of objects of control in order to determine its state and possible directions of development Analysis of the financial condition - assessment of the ability of the object of control to finance its activities Monitoring (observation) - constant control over the use of financial resources by the object of control and its financial condition Supervision - control over implementation financial transactions in order to bring them in line with the norms and requirements of the current legislation Audit - a single control action or investigation of cases in a certain area of activity of the object of control Methods of financial control Audit - a system of mandatory control actions to verify the legality, expediency and effectiveness of all transactions
Inspections are carried out on certain issues of financial and economic activities of an economic entity on the basis of reporting, balance sheet and expenditure documents. During the audit, violations of financial discipline are revealed and measures are planned to eliminate them. The objects of documentary audits are accounting, statistical, operational and technical reporting, cost estimates and calculations for them, tax calculations, etc.
The survey, in contrast to the audit, covers a wider range of financial and economic indicators of the surveyed economic entity to determine its financial condition and possible development prospects. During the survey, control measurements of the performance of work, the consumption of materials, fuel, energy, etc. can be carried out.
Supervision is carried out by regulatory authorities over economic entities that have received a license for a particular type of financial activity, and involves their compliance with the established rules and regulations, the violation of which entails the revocation of the license.
An analysis of the financial condition as a kind of financial control involves a detailed study of periodic or annual financial and accounting statements in order to assess the overall results of financial activity and liquidity, the provision of own capital and the efficiency of its use.
The audit is the deepest and most comprehensive method of financial control, which is an interconnected set of audits of the financial and economic activities of enterprises, institutions and organizations, carried out using certain methods of actual and documentary control. An audit is carried out to establish the expediency, validity, economic efficiency completed business transactions, checking compliance with financial discipline, the reliability of accounting and reporting data to identify violations and shortcomings in the activities of the audited object.
Models of financial control Anglo-Saxon modelFrench model Supervisory financial authorities have the right to: exercise various types of financial control; prepare a report on detected violations. Supervisory financial authorities have no right to: Apply sanctions to violators of financial legislation Supervisory financial authorities have the right to: exercise various types of financial control; prepare a report on detected violations; apply certain judicial sanctions against persons violating the law and financial discipline.
Bodies of state financial control of the Russian Federation Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation Main Control Department of the President of the Russian Federation Federal Service for Financial Monitoring (Rosfinmonitoring) Federal Customs Service Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia) Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation (Minfin of Russia)
Comparative characteristics of the state financial control bodies Name of the state control body Year of creation/reconstruction Status Subordination What regulates the activity at the present time The main purpose of the activity Forms of financial control Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation 1995 The supreme body of state financial control Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation Federal Law of 11 January 1995 4-FZ “On the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation” Ensuring control activities for the execution of the federal budget Preliminary, current and subsequent Federal Customs Service 1991 Federal executive body Government of the Russian Federation Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 26, 2006 459 "On the Federal Customs Service" Development of directions of state customs policy, control and supervision in the field of customs Preliminary, current and subsequent
Comparative characteristics of the state financial control bodies Name of the state control body Year of establishment/reconstitution Status Subordination How the activity is currently regulated Main purpose of activity Forms of financial control Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation 1802Federal executive body Government of the Russian Federation Regulation on the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 30, 2004 329 Development of the main directions of the financial policy of the state and control over their implementation 729 "On approval of the Regulations on the Control Department of the President of the Russian Federation" Control over the implementation of federal laws, decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation by the executive and authorities of all levels Current and subsequent
Comparative characteristics of state financial control bodies Name of the state control body Year of establishment/reconstruction Status Subordination Than activity is currently regulated Main purpose of activity Forms of financial control Bank of Russia1860 Monetary regulation body State Duma Federal Law of July 10, 2002 86-FZ "On central bank RF (Bank of Russia)” Protecting and ensuring the stability of the ruble; development and strengthening of the banking systems of the Russian Federation and ensuring the effective and uninterrupted functioning of the payment system Preliminary, current and subsequent Federal Tax Service 1991Federal service within the Ministry of Finance of Russia Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 30, 2004 506 “On approval of the Regulations on the Federal Tax Service” Control and supervision over compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees Current and subsequent
Comparative characteristics of the state financial control bodies Name of the state control body Year of establishment/reconstitution Status Subordination Than activity is currently regulated Main purpose of activity Forms of financial control Federal Treasury 1992 Federal service within the Ministry of Finance of Russia Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation Regulation on the Federal Treasury (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 1, 2004 No. 703) and cash services for the execution of the budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation Preliminary and current Federal Financial Monitoring Service 2001Federal executive body Government of the Russian Federation Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 9, 2004 314 “On the system and structure of federal executive bodies” Counteraction to legalization ( laundering) of proceeds from crime and financing of terrorism Current and future
Comparative characteristics of the state financial control bodies Name of the state control body Year of establishment/reconstitution Status Subordination Than activity is currently regulated Main purpose of activity Forms of financial control Federal Service for Financial and Budgetary Supervision 2004Federal service within the Ministry of Finance of Russia Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 15, 2004 No. 278 (as amended on June 15, 2010) "On approval of the Regulations on the Federal Service for Financial and Budgetary Supervision" Control and supervision in the financial and budgetary sphere, as well as currency control Current and subsequent
Assessment of the validity of income and expenditure items of draft federal budgets and budgets of federal extra-budgetary funds Financial expertise of draft federal laws Determination of the efficiency and expediency of spending public funds and the use of federal property Analysis of identified deviations from the established indicators of the federal budget and budgets of federal extra-budgetary funds Organization and monitoring of timely execution revenue and expenditure items of the federal budget The main tasks of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation Control over the legality and timeliness of the movement of federal budget funds and federal extra-budgetary funds in the Central Bank of the Russian Federation Regular provision of information to the Federation Council and the State Duma on the progress of the federal budget execution
Combating offenses in the field of customs Control of the customs value of goods carried out jointly with the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation Carrying out customs clearance of documents and customs control Issuance of certificates and permits for the right to operate in certain areas of the customs business Introduction of registers of persons, organizations and objects included in the field of customs business Powers of the Federal Customs Service Control over currency transactions of residents and non-residents related to the movement of goods and vehicles across the customs border of the Russian Federation
Main Control Department of the President of the Russian Federation ObjectivesFunctions Control over the implementation by subordinate organizations of the legislation of the Russian Federation regulating their financial and economic activities Control over the safety, purposeful and effective use of federal property in subordinate organizations Organization and conduct of audits and documentary checks of the financial and economic activities of subordinate organizations Conducting audits economic efficiency of activities of subordinate organizations Control over compliance with financial and tax laws, targeted and efficient use of material and financial resources, ensuring the safety of funds and material assets in subordinate organizations of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation Checking in subordinate organizations the actual availability of funds and material values
Accounting for operations on the cash execution of the federal budget Opening and maintaining personal accounts of the main managers, managers and recipients of federal budget funds Federal Treasury FunctionsPowers Ensuring the execution of the federal budget managers and recipients of federal budget funds Accounting for indicators of the free budget breakdown of the federal budget, limits of budget obligations and their changes Implementation of forecasting and cash planning of federal budget funds Compilation and submission to the Ministry of Finance of Russia of operational information and reporting on the execution of the federal budget, reporting on the execution of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation
Control and supervision over the implementation by financial control bodies of federal executive authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies of the legislation of the Russian Federation on financial and budgetary control and supervision Implementation, within its competence, of proceedings on cases of administrative offenses in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation Control and supervision of compliance by residents and non-residents with the currency legislation of the Russian Federation financial assistance from the federal budget, guarantees from the Government of the Russian Federation, budgetary loans, budgetary loans and budgetary investments Performing the functions of the main manager and recipient of federal budget funds provided for the maintenance of the service and the implementation of the functions assigned to it
Federal Tax Service Main powers: control and supervision over compliance with the legislation on taxes and fees; control and supervision of compliance with the requirements for cash register equipment; control and supervision over the completeness of accounting for funds in organizations and individual entrepreneurs Special powers: control and supervision over the production of alcoholic and tobacco products; control and supervision over compliance with currency legislation; control and supervision over the state registration of legal entities and individuals
Dynamics of the effectiveness of the control activities of the Accounts Chamber of the Stavropol TerritoryIndicators for 2009 Number of measures implemented, including: control expert-analytical cross-checks Amount of funds covered by checks, million rubles. mln. rub. million rubles including: 1306.02673.61386.4 - inappropriate use of budgetary funds 196.919.345.4 - inefficient use of budgetary funds 632.2544.5317.1 - with signs of a criminally punishable act 13.2 - irrational spending of medical insurance funds 1, 2 Degree of rational use of budgetary funds, % 86,594,985.9
Next, we calculated the coefficient of inefficient use of budgetary funds (Kn.e.), recorded by the Accounts Chamber of the region. Kn..e. \u003d C.e. / C x 100%. Thus, we have obtained the integral coefficient of irrational use of budgetary funds, fixed by the Accounts Chamber, (Kn.i.): Sn.ts. + C.e. Kn.i. = x 100%. WITH
Governor of the Stavropol Territory State Duma of the Stavropol Territory ACCOUNTS CHAMBER Department of the Federal Tax Service Ministry of Finance Main Department of Internal Affairs Prosecutor's Office Department of the Federal Service for Financial and Budgetary Supervision Department of the Federal Treasury Chief administrators and recipients of the regional budget Ministries and departments State and municipal unitary enterprises Regional fund of compulsory medical insurance Credit institutions of the region Other enterprises and institutions Scheme of organization of financial control in the UK
Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor,
Associate Professor of the Department of Economics and
economic security, VIEPP
Lecture questions
1. Essence and principles of financial control2. Types of financial control
3. Bodies that carry out financial
control, their functions and tasks
4. Comparative characteristics
intra-company and external financial
control
1. Essence and principles of financial control
Financial control isan essential element of financial management and
cash flows to ensure
the feasibility and effectiveness of financial
operations;
legally regulated
activities of specially created institutions
control and controllers of auditors for
compliance with financial laws and
financial discipline of all economic
subjects;
a set of targeted measures to
verification of compliance with the actual state
financial system planned or reporting.
Financial control includes checking:
compliance with economiclaws,
optimal proportions
distribution and redistribution
the cost of GNP;
budgeting and execution
(budget control);
financial condition and effective
use of labor, material
and financial resources of enterprises,
as well as tax control
The tasks of financial control are:
promoting a balance between the need forfinancial resources and the amount of cash income and
funds of the national economy;
ensuring the timeliness and completeness of the implementation
financial obligations to the state
budget
identification of intra-production growth reserves
financial resources, including to reduce
cost and increase profitability;
promoting the rational use of material
values and financial resources in enterprises, in
organizations and budget institutions, and
proper accounting and reporting;
ensuring compliance with applicable laws and
regulations, including in the field
taxation of enterprises belonging to various
legal forms
Object of financial control
processes of education, distribution anduse of financial resources by entities
management and public authorities and
local government, characterized
system of various cost indicators.
The direct subject of the checks are
financial (value) indicators:
profit,
income,
VAT,
profitability,
cost price,
distribution costs,
deductions for
various purposes and funds.
Subjects of financial control
specially authorized bodies, andalso qualified
professionals who carry out their
control activities in
in accordance with the rules of law.
Basic concepts of financial control
The process of financial control is the processFinancial control methods are
The form of control is an external expression
The control procedure is the established procedure
implementation of control actions and operations.
The mechanism of financial control is a certain
sequence of financial control procedures
in conjunction with the methods used.
purposeful activity of subjects of control,
carried out using certain
methods.
specific ways to implement control
actions and operations.
control actions and operations.
Principles of financial control
1) universality;2) universality (consists in
uniformity of control methods);
3) publicity;
4) reliability, i.e. control should
rely on truthful information about
drawing up a financial document;
5) effectiveness, i.e. according to the results
checks should be accepted certain
solutions.
2. Types of financial control
Depending on the entities exercising financial control, there are:
state;on-farm;
public;
independent (auditing)
financial control. State control is financial control over
the timeliness of the completeness of the mobilization of state
resources, legitimacy of expenses and incomes of all links
state financial system, in compliance with the rules
accounting and reporting.
Internal financial control.
Internal financial control is carried out
economic services of enterprises, organizations and
institutions. The object here is the production and
financial activities of the enterprise itself, as well as its
structural divisions
.
Public financial control is carried out by groups
specialists on a voluntary and unpaid basis.
Independent financial control is carried out
specialized audit firms and services.
Forms of financial control:
Bytime of the event:
a) preliminary
b) current (operational);
c) subsequent (final,
resulting).
1.Preliminary financial control
It is carried out at the stage of preparation, consideration andapproval of the financial plans of the enterprise, estimates
income and expenses of institutions and organizations, projects
budgets, texts of contractual agreements, founding
documents and so on.
Helps prevent misbehavior
irrational spending of material, labor and
financial resources, as well as negative financial
the results of the activities of economic bodies as a whole.
Helps to prevent violation of laws and
regulations.
2. Current financial control
carried out in the process of executing financial plans, in the course ofcarrying out economic and financial transactions, when
compliance with the norms and standards of spending is checked
inventory items and cash,
compliance of the release of funds with the implementation of spending plans,
use of previously allocated resources.
Assumes a system factor analysis of activity
enterprises and organizations in order to identify the completeness and
timeliness of budget payments.
Current financial control is important in
finding on-farm reserves for the growth of savings.
It is produced on a daily basis by financial services for
exclusion of violations of financial discipline in the process
execution of financial plans of enterprises, upon opening
loans by financial authorities, verification of documentation for
operations performed by the company's accountants.
3. Subsequent financial control
Implemented after the end of the reporting periodand the financial year as a whole.
Checking the feasibility of spending
public funds in the execution
budgets, implementation of financial plans
enterprises and organizations, budget estimates
institutions
.
Evaluation of the activities carried out is carried out in
as a result of the analysis of the use of material,
labor and financial resources, legality
transactions based on primary accounting
documents, final financial results. According to the rules of implementation:
a) mandatory (external) - this applies,
e.g. tax audits, monitoring
targeted use of budgetary resources,
mandatory audit confirmation
financial and accounting data and
etc.);
b) initiative (internal);
In terms of coverage:
a) continuous and selective;
b) thematic and complex;
c) full and partial. By level:
a) state;
b) external (on the part of creditors or investors);
c) departmental (in relation to a branch, subsidiary, etc.);
d) intracompany.
By subjects of control:
a) presidential legislative authorities and local self-government;
executive authorities;
b) financial and credit authorities (institutions);
c) intracompany;
d) departmental
e) auditor.
By objects (by areas of financial
activities) control:
budgetary; for off-budget funds
tax;
currency;
credit;
insurance;
investment;
customs;
behind the money supply
According to the methods of control, i.e. techniques and methods of its implementation are distinguished:
examination,examination,
analysis,
surveillance,
supervision,
revision Verification is carried out on individual issues
financial and economic activities of the enterprise on
basis of reporting, balance sheet and expenditure documents.
Violations of financial discipline are revealed and
actions are planned to eliminate their negative
consequences.
The survey covers individual aspects
activities of enterprises, organizations and institutions, but
unlike checks - on a wider range
indicators, and determines the financial position
business entities, prospects for their development,
the need for reorganization or reorientation
production. Polls and surveys are being conducted.
Analysis as a method of financial control should be
systemic and factorial. It is carried out according to
periodic or annual reporting. are revealed
the level of implementation of the plan, compliance with the norms
spending, financial discipline, etc. Supervision is the control over the implementation
financial transactions in order to bring them into
compliance with norms and requirements
current legislation.
Observation (monitoring) is
systematic monitoring of the use
financial resources of the subject of control and its
financial condition. Observation can
be established by a credit institution, but
with the consent of the subject, introduced by the arbitration
court when establishing signs of financial
insolvency of an economic entity. The audit is one of the most important methods of financial control and
presents an audit of financial and economic activities
enterprises, organizations for the reporting period.
Revisions are distinguished depending on the object.
full,
partial,
thematic
complex.
However, they can be planned and unscheduled.
According to the degree of data coverage in the audit process,
continuous checks, when all documents are controlled and
material values,
and selective, the essence of which is to control part of the documents.
By the nature of the material on which the audits are based, they
subdivided
for documentary (verification of the authenticity of reporting documents and
ledger entries)
and actual (checking the availability of funds and material
values in nature).
3. Bodies exercising financial control, their functions and tasks
National financial control is carried out
legislature,executive authorities,
financial,
tax
credit institutions,
insurance companies,
state committees,
financial services of enterprises,
organizations, institutions,
audit commissions in public
associations and cooperatives. when reviewing and approving
state forecast of economic and
social development of the national economy, state.
budget and performance reports.
Legality and efficiency are controlled
use of public funds
expediency of the expenses incurred.
Financial control is carried out
legislatures through committees and
commissions, in particular through planned and
budgetary and financial commissions. Legislatures of the country
carry out:
1) financial expertise of draft federal laws,
providing for expenses covered by funds
federal budget, or influencing the formation and
execution of the federal budget and federal budgets
off-budget funds;
2) analysis of identified deviations from the established indicators
the federal budget and budgets of federal off-budget
funds and preparation of proposals aimed at their
elimination, as well as to improve the budget process
generally;
3) control over the legality and timeliness of movement
federal budget funds and federal funds
off-budget funds;
4) regular submission to the Federation Council and
State Duma information on the progress of execution
federal budget and the results of the control
events. The Accounts Chamber is a permanent body
state financial control,
formed by the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation and
accountable to him.
The Accounts Chamber is in charge of such
questions like control for:
1) sources of receipt of budgetary resources, their economical
use, suppression of waste;
2) efficient use of public
property, operation of state enterprises,
denationalization and privatization of the state
property;
3) use of special funds (pension,
employment, social insurance);
4) sources of monetary income of public organizations,
including various parties, for the use of these funds
in accordance with the statutory purposes.
The control powers of the Accounts Chamber extend to
all state bodies and institutions in the Russian Federation,federal bodies, non-budgetary funds,
local authorities,
enterprises, organizations,
banks,
Insurance companies
other financial and credit institutions, their unions, associations and
associations regardless of types and forms of ownership
if they receive, transfer, use funds from the federal
budget, or use federal property, or manage
by it, and also have federal law-provided
or federal government tax authorities,
customs and other privileges and advantages.
Financial control by the President and executive authorities
Presidential control is exercised by issuing decrees onfinancial matters, the signing of federal laws, the appointment and
dismissal of the Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation, representation
State Duma of candidates for the post of Chairman of the Bank of Russia.
The Main Control Directorate of the President of the Russian Federation is subordinate to
directly to the President and performs the following functions: 1) control over
execution of decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation, 2) control over
activities of logans of control and supervision under federal bodies
executive branch, divisions of the Presidential Administration, bodies
executive power of the subjects of the Federation, 3) consideration of complaints and
appeals of individuals and legal entities.
Control by executive authorities.
The Government of the Russian Federation has an Interdepartmental Council for
state financial control, which includes the chairman
Bank of Russia, head of the Federal Treasury, heads
financial control bodies. Participation in the work of the Council
representatives of the Prosecutor General's Office and law enforcement agencies. Heads
Council of the Minister of Finance.
Financial control by the Federal Treasury
The Federal Treasury occupies one of the leading positions infinancial management and financial control by
executive authorities.
The Federal Treasury is empowered to:
- organizing the execution of the federal budget, budgets
subjects of the Russian Federation and local budgets;
- on execution of the federal budget, budgets of subjects of the Russian Federation
and local budgets;
- on the implementation of preliminary and current control over
execution of the federal budget, the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and
local budgets;
- on the implementation of operations with funds of the federal
budget, budgets of subjects of the Russian Federation and local budgets;
- drawing up a report on the execution of the federal budget,
budgets of subjects of the Russian Federation and local budgets.
Inspections of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation (FTS of the Russian Federation) are the bodies of operational financial control
The main tasks of the tax authorities are:ensuring timely and complete accounting of taxpayers and
other obligatory payments to the budget;
control over the timeliness of submission by payers
accounting reports and balance sheets, tax calculations, declarations and
other documents related to the calculation of payments to the budget, and
also verification of the authenticity of these documents in terms of correctness
determination of profit, income, other objects of taxation and calculation
taxes;
monitoring compliance with tax
legislation and legislative acts on entrepreneurial
activities.
The tax authorities exercise their control functions in
respect: enterprises of all organizational and legal forms, any
institutions and organizations, including those that
differ in a special mode of operation, as well as individuals.
Inspectors of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation have the right to:
1) receive in organizations of various forms of ownershipnecessary documents and information, except for those
which constitute a trade secret determined by
legislation;
2) monitor compliance with the legislation on
entrepreneurship of citizens;
3) inspect all premises used for extraction
income;
4) suspend operations of citizens and enterprises in case of
non-submission of documents;
5) seize documents evidencing concealment
income;
6) apply sanctions and fines;
7) file claims for liquidation in court and arbitration
enterprises, recognition of transactions as invalid.
Powers of supervisory authorities
1. Measures of operational and financial impact,which are aimed at preventing
prevention of the most serious violations
tax laws and other
These measures include:
suspension of operations of legal and
individuals on settlement and other accounts in
banks and other financial and credit
institutions;
collection of tax arrears to the budget and
other obligatory payments to the state. 2. Financial sanctions
are coercive measures
recoverable income
states from legal entities and individuals,
guilty of tax violation
legislation, monetary penalties and other
additional amounts specified by law.
Grounds for applying financial sanctions
are recognized:
concealment or underestimation of profit (income), as well as concealment
other object of taxation;
lack of accounting for profit (income) or maintaining this accounting with
violation of the established order;
non-submission or late submission
reporting documents required for the calculation and payment
mandatory payments to the state.
4. Comparative characteristics of intra-company and external financial control
Auditing is a new organizational form of financial control in our country
Audit firms are independentorganizations called upon
promote quality
control, its objectivity.
There are two types of audit - external and
intracompany
Intracompany audit
carried out by an internal audit service, functioningboth at the level of the central management of the firm and at the level
branches, subsidiaries, etc.
Its tasks include:
verification of compliance with the principles and rules of accounting
when preparing annual reports;
elaboration of recommendations of external auditors;
advising company management on all matters
financial strategy of the enterprise;
checking the timeliness, reliability and accuracy of financial
information prepared for branch management
central authorities;
analysis of the adequacy and effectiveness of measures to
ensuring the safety of assets;
identification of savings reserves
liquid funds;
determination of the effectiveness of financial and economic
activities of the company and branch, etc.
External audit
perform special audit firms under an agreement with statetax and other authorities, enterprises, other users -
banks, foreign partners, shareholders, insurance companies, etc.
Their main task is to establish
the reliability of the financial statements of the audited objects,
as well as the development of recommendations to eliminate existing shortcomings in
activities of economic bodies, improvement of financial, economic and
commercial activities of enterprises and organizations.
To achieve the tasks and goals, audit firms carry out:
Financial expertise;
checks and audits of financial, economic and commercial activities
enterprises and organizations
; control over the correctness of determining income subject to taxation;
prevention of their underestimation and the possibility of avoiding the collection of penalties
sanctions;
advising on the organization of accounting and management, drafting
reporting, taxation problems;
verification of the correctness and effectiveness of intra-company financial control
and audit.
slide 1
slide 2
State financial control is a complex and purposeful system of economic and legal actions of specific authorities and management, based on the provisions of the fundamental laws of the state.
slide 3
State financial control - control by the state over the formation and use of funds.
slide 4
The object of financial control is monetary, distributive processes in the formation and use of financial resources at all levels of the budget system.
slide 5
Bodies of state or municipal financial control - the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation; - control and financial bodies of executive power; - control bodies of legislative (representative) bodies.
slide 6
1) Control Department of the President of the Russian Federation ( structural subdivision Administration of the President). The activity is regulated by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 8, 2004 No. No. 729 "On approval of the regulation on the control department of the President of the Russian Federation"
Slide 7
Control Department of the President of the Russian Federation (CU) Reports directly to the President of the Russian Federation, but interacts with all executive authorities. Head of the Control Department: - is an assistant to the President of the Russian Federation; - Appointed and dismissed by the President of the Russian Federation
Slide 8
Tasks of the Control Department - control and verification of the implementation by state executive bodies, as well as organizations of federal laws, decrees, orders and other decisions of the President of the Russian Federation; control over the implementation of national projects; control and verification of the execution of instructions of the President of the Russian Federation; control over the implementation of the annual messages of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, budget messages and other policy documents of the President of the Russian Federation
Slide 9
Financial control exercised by the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation The activities of the Accounts Chamber are regulated by Federal Law No. 4-FZ “On the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation”, which states that the Accounts Chamber is formed by the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation and is accountable to it.
slide 10
Composition of the Accounts Chamber Chairman of the Accounts Chamber, who is appointed by the State Duma on the proposal of the President of the Russian Federation for a period of six years. Deputy Chairman of the Accounts Chamber, cat. appointed by the Federation Council on the proposal of the President of the Russian Federation for a period of six years. auditors of the Accounts Chamber - 12 people, cat. are appointed by the Federation Council and the State Duma by six auditors for a period of six years. Office of the Accounts Chamber, cat. consists of inspectors and other staff members
slide 11
Financial control exercised by the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation (continued)
slide 12
organizes and conducts operational control over the execution of the federal budget in the reporting year; conducts comprehensive audits and thematic audits of individual sections and articles of the federal budget, budgets of federal extra-budgetary funds; exercises control over the state internal and external debt of the Russian Federation
slide 13
control over federal extrabudgetary funds, banking system; carries out an examination of: laws and other regulatory legal acts, international treaties of the Russian Federation, federal programs and other documents affecting the finances of the Russian Federation; conducts analysis and research of violations and deviations in the budget process
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The financial control exercised by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and the activity of the Ministry of Finance is regulated by: - Decree of June 30, 2004 No. 329 "On the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation" - Decree of April 7, 2004 No. 185 "Issues of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation"
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The Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation (Minfin of Russia) is a federal executive body that carries out the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of budgetary, tax, insurance, currency, banking, public debt, auditing, accounting and financial reporting, production, processing and circulation of precious metals and precious stones, etc.
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The Ministry of Finance of Russia is headed by a Minister appointed and dismissed by the President of the Russian Federation. The minister has deputies who are appointed and dismissed by the Government of the Russian Federation. The number of Deputy Ministers is established by the Government of the Russian Federation (two).
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Tasks of the Ministry of Finance in financial control The Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation exercises internal control over the use of budgetary funds by the main administrators, administrators and recipients of budgetary funds. The Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation organizes financial control, inspections and audits of legal entities - recipients of guarantees from the Government of the Russian Federation, budget loans, budget loans and budget investments, and also carries out:
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Financial control exercised by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation (continued) - coordination and control of the activities of the services under its jurisdiction (the Federal Tax Service, the Federal Insurance Supervision Service, the Federal Financial and Budgetary Supervision Service, the Federal Financial Monitoring Service and the Federal Treasury, as well as the Federal Customs services). in accordance with the Federal Law "On Precious Metals and Precious Stones" organizes state control over the quality of sorting and evaluation of precious stones and federal assay supervision.
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Financial control exercised by the Federal Treasury The activities of the Federal Treasury are regulated by: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 1, 2004 No. 703 “On the Federal Treasury” The Federal Treasury is headed by a head appointed and dismissed by the Government of the Russian Federation.
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The Federal Treasury exercises preliminary and current control over: - conducting operations with budgetary funds; - activities of credit institutions and other participants in the budget process in respect of executable budgets and budgets of state off-budget funds; - implementation of the specified control and coordinates the work of federal executive bodies
