Direction of popular culture examples. Mass and elite culture

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20th century to characterize the changed place of culture in modern society. The time of its appearance is the middle of the 20th century, when the mass media (radio, print, television) penetrated most countries of the world and became available to representatives of all social strata. The exceptionally intensive development of mass media and communications has led to the fact that not an individual person, but a large number - a mass of people - has come to be considered as the addressee of culture. In contrast to the elite, mass culture focuses on the average level of mass consumers.

The phenomenon of mass culture reflects the impact of the modern technogenic world on the formation of the human personality. It is unique as the art of manipulating elementary "subhuman" reactions and impulses ("drives") of the masses of people, using the most refined achievements of culture (technology and science). A system of tested techniques is being created, designed for the simplest unconditional reactions, attraction, increased eventfulness, and shock moments are used.

Mass culture is emphatically focused on entertainment, it is quite cheerful, and in many ways it exploits such areas of the human psyche as the subconscious and instincts.

Consider the influence of television on popular culture.

Television is a very young cultural phenomenon, which, when it appeared, had to be integrated into the already existing "system of things" and into the corresponding system of ideas. For comparison: when the first car was created (1895), its shape resembled the shape of a carriage and, we emphasize, could not be otherwise: in the minds of the creators of the car, and all other people, the idea of a carriage as the most comfortable means of transportation dominated. Let's call the carriage the model-prototype of the car in order to briefly characterize the phenomenon itself. The entry of television into culture demonstrates the same approach and, very importantly, something completely new.

When radio appeared (A. S. Popov, 1895), the model-prototype was the sounding human speech, later - sounding music, that is, phenomena related to the beginning of human culture. When cinema arose (the Lumiere brothers, 1895, J. Méliès), its prototype models were the theater (the European tradition goes back to the ancient theater of the 5th century BC) and photography (the founders are the inventors L. J. M. Daguerre, 1839 , J. N. Niepce in France; W. G. F. Talbot, 1840-1841, in England), which, in turn, had painting as a prototype model (the origin is about 40,000 BC. ). At the expense of photography, the cinema has already come closer to that "effect of television" that interests us.

When television appeared, it did not rely on ancient prototype models, they were radio and cinema, that is, the latest phenomena that themselves have not yet been sufficiently mastered by mankind (additionally: a newspaper, an older model). Subsequently, the same effect was repeated with the emergence of computer culture (in particular, the Internet), where among the models-prototypes it is necessary to name first of all television. Behind the latest models, ancient and even new models are viewed only historically, outside of actual awareness, and this is something new that was formed in culture with the advent of television.

It is the renewal of prototype models that takes place in the culture of the twentieth century that can explain why the essence of television remains insufficiently identified.

The latest models have not yet been fully mastered, which leads to a desire to rely on a stronger foundation (that is, more familiar).

Hence the concept of television as a new art form. There has been extensive discussion about this. From the stated point of view, its hidden meaning is in drawing an analogy between television (new in culture) with art (old, mastered, understandable in culture) or in criticizing this analogy.

A large amount of evidence can be cited confirming that television is a special form of art (or, more broadly, artistic culture).

Then, having accepted the general thesis, it is necessary to take the next step - to compare television with various types of art (artistic culture). No matter how the specifics of the artistic possibilities of television are revealed, its propensity for secondariness and orientation towards a multimillion-dollar audience, that is, features of mass artistic culture, will inevitably come to the fore. This, it seems, led to the traditional idea of television as a form of mass culture (which acted as an explanatory model-prototype of television). The concept of "mass culture" is painted in negative tones, hence the quite logical transfer of this emotional shade to the conceptual interpretation of television.

Meanwhile, television, despite its outward resemblance to mass artistic culture, performs a different role, obviously so new that it cannot be easily defined through analogy and requires special study.

The unique property of television as a communicative subsystem of culture is the transmission of an image over a distance. It fulfilled the long-standing dream of mankind about a kind of "all-seeing", about the possibility of looking beyond the horizon of the visible living space. Thanks to this, television spread so quickly and widely, it turned out to be so in demand by people.

“Television messages - especially now, with the presence of communication satellites - come from all over the world, which means that the great gift of television is that through it the whole world has gained visibility. And since TV does not “remove” the viewer from his everyday environment, on the contrary, it itself strives there, then, together with television, the whole world breaks into the home of an individual ... In the era of television, it is not a person who travels around the world, but images from all over the world - from all countries and continents - rush to the viewer and, having lost materiality, swarm around him - as if to dutifully get into his "cumulative social experience" and "model of the world," wrote the famous television researcher V. I. Mikhalkovich.

Television expands the boundaries of the real world, accessible for vision and comprehension by a person, completes and supplements the socio-cultural space accessible to the individual, that is, it contributes to the formation of an individual image of reality. This means that the requests of a particular person to television as a source of information about the surrounding reality, in general, are the same as for reality itself.

The French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu makes a very accurate observation: “For some of our philosophers (and writers), “to be” means to be shown on television, that is, to end up being noticed by journalists or, as they say, to be in good standing with journalists (which is impossible without compromise and self-compromise). Indeed, since they cannot rely solely on their works to continue to exist for the public, they have no other choice but to appear on the screen as often as possible, and therefore write at regular and as short intervals as possible works, the main whose function, according to Gilles Deleuze, is to provide their authors with an invitation to television.

A person, constantly orienting himself in the world of changing social conditions, can make a wide variety of demands on television content. Life orientation is one of the most important functions of television in relation to the viewer, along with recreational and compensatory ones. For example, a person does not understand the sphere of self-realization. He lacks human contact. He needs some life alternative if the directly accessible social reality is not valuable and desirable enough. In search of responses to these requests, a person turns to TV as well.

TV programs, in turn, reflecting one or another part of social reality, organizing it, carry certain meanings of this reality that can influence a person, acting as sources of value alternatives to sociocultural guidelines in relations with the world. Therefore, special attention should be paid to such a feature of television programs as the formation of these alternatives for the viewer, and their specific content should be considered in the context of the three defining processes of human life: activity, behavior and communication. Perceiving certain meanings of TV programs, forming new sociocultural guidelines on their basis, a person can form a personal value attitude towards them, and these new guidelines can, according to B.M. Sapunova, "determine his life attitudes and behavior". .

The role of television is characterized by multifunctionality. However, in the multiplicity of specific functions, two fundamental functions stand out, which allows us to speak of the bipolar functionality of television. The first function is informational. The second function is leisure.

The information function is the basic feature of television as a cultural phenomenon. To clarify this idea, let's compare the screening of a feature film in a cinema and on TV.

In the cinema, no matter how poorly technically equipped it is, we meet with the work of art itself, this is the form of its existence.

On the contrary, a film shown on television, even the most perfect one, is only information about a work of art (just as Leonardo da Vinci's La Gioconda, which we see in an illustrated magazine or book, is only information about a painting in Louvre).

In a narrower and more familiar sense, information on television acts as a collection of information about events, news.

At a new stage in the development of television broadcasting (in our country since perestroika, in the West - much earlier), the information function of television has fundamentally changed in content (and, as a result, in forms), because the very idea of television information has changed.

The domestic viewer, brought up on the programs of information and educational (with a pronounced ideological orientation) Soviet television, was amazed by the appearance of commercial advertising on television. At first inept, imitating Western models, then more and more high-quality, even talented, she persistently interfered with the broadcasting grid.

Information-advertising permeates the entire sphere of television broadcasting. It is both open (commercials) and hidden (mentions of advertising objects in the speeches of presenters and participants in programs, clothes, hairstyles, other surroundings of characters that are authoritative for the audience, what they hold in their hands, what they touch, what watch that they listen to what surrounds them, etc.). Information about events, turning into advertising information, changes its structure.

Thus, the sequence of news programs of the Soviet period (official block - country's working life - foreign news block - cultural news - sports - weather) is replaced by another sequence: the most sensational news (catastrophe, murder, etc.) - less sensational news (including, for example, the official bloc). If a major scientific discovery is made, this is the material of the end of the issue, but if the scientist received the Nobel Prize, it is the beginning.

In Soviet times, a certain percentage of negative news in the information program was set: no more than 40%.

An analysis of current news shows that negative news prevails even on official channels. On some (for example, on "RenTV" with Romanova), their number reaches 90% and sometimes even more.

The news is interrupted by commercials. A stable tandem arises: the real news of the day is terrible (contract killings, corruption, wars, terrorism), catastrophic (hurricanes, tsunamis, mass epidemics), terrible for the common man (fires, leaks, failures in the operation of power systems, water supply, sewerage, poor living conditions , low salaries, bribes of low-level officials, unfair trial, deprivation of benefits, rise in price of food, gasoline, increase in housing costs, negligence in schools and hospitals, fraud, hooliganism, drunkenness, poverty), while in commercials the viewer is presented with an ideal, happy life (beautiful things - from pantyhose to refrigerators, all washing powders, medicines for any diseases according to the latest scientific developments, almost free loans for almost any amount, allowing you to dance even on critical days; caries, toothpastes and chewing gums, luxury cars and computers of the latest models, exciting films, grandiose concerts, political parties standing guard over the interests of the people).

These two blocks are constantly interspersed, together evoking the polar emotions of the viewers, through which television culture has, in essence, a suggestive influence on the consciousness and subconsciousness of millions.

Sensationalism as a principle of presenting information on modern television turns out to be a connecting bridge in the bipolarity of the main functions of television - informational and leisure.

Television, reflecting new realities, has developed its own new forms that implement the leisure function. In the spectrum of these proper television forms, two TV genres were formed, which turned out to be at different poles: a video clip (in the brevity of which the variant of minimizing leisure was reflected) and a television series (in the duration of which, reaching several thousand episodes, the variant of maximizing leisure was reflected). Between these poles, an intermediate place was occupied by a talk show that combined information and leisure as television functions, but not through sensationalism, but through the illusion of interactivity.

Adapted to the tastes of the broad masses of people, it is technically replicated in the form of many copies and distributed using modern communication technologies.

The emergence and development of mass culture is associated with the rapid development of mass media, capable of exerting a powerful influence on the audience. IN mass media usually there are three components:

mass media(newspapers, magazines, radio, television, Internet blogs, etc.) - replicate information, have a regular impact on the audience and are focused on certain groups of people;
means of mass influence(advertising, fashion, cinema, popular literature) - do not always regularly affect the audience, are focused on the average consumer;
technical means of communication(Internet, telephone) - determine the possibility of direct communication of a person with a person and can serve to transfer personal information.

It should be noted that not only the mass media have an impact on society, but society also seriously affects the nature of the information transmitted in the mass media. Unfortunately, public demand often turns out to be culturally low, which reduces the level of television programs, newspaper articles, variety performances, etc.

In recent decades, in the context of the development of means of communication, they speak of a special computer culture. If earlier the main source of information was a book page, now it is a computer screen. A modern computer allows you to instantly receive information over the network, supplement the text with graphic images, videos, sound, which provides a holistic and multi-level perception of information. In this case, the text on the Internet (for example, a web page) can be represented as hypertext. those. contain a system of references to other texts, fragments, non-textual information. The flexibility and versatility of the means of computer display of information greatly increase the degree of its impact on a person.

At the end of the XX - the beginning of the XXI century. mass culture began to play an important role in ideology and economics. However, this role is ambiguous. On the one hand, mass culture made it possible to cover the general population and introduce them to the achievements of culture, presenting the latter in simple, democratic and understandable images and concepts, but on the other hand, it created powerful mechanisms for manipulating public opinion and forming an average taste.

The main components of mass culture include:

information industry- press, television news, talk shows, etc., explaining current events in an understandable language. Mass culture was originally formed precisely in the sphere of the information industry - the "yellow press" of the 19th - early 20th centuries. Time has shown the high efficiency of mass media in the process of manipulating public opinion;
leisure industry- films, entertainment literature, pop humor with the most simplified content, pop music, etc.;
formation system mass consumption, which focuses on advertising and fashion. Consumption is presented here as a non-stop process and the most important goal of human existence;
replicated mythology- from the myth of the "American dream", where the beggars turn into millionaires, to the myths of "national exceptionalism" and the special virtues of this or that people in comparison with others.

Give a concrete example of the phenomenon of mass culture. Highlight the relevant features in it and explain how it affects the consumer

Example: contemporary stage (pop music, TV show)
Signs: the most important thing is available to the majority, does not require monetary costs, arose at the time of globalization.
Influence: positive, entertains people, makes it possible to get acquainted with the culture of other countries (example: manner of singing, dancing, speaking)

There can be many examples, but perhaps the most common is television. It is an example of mass culture, since it obviously has a mass character, that is, it is well distributed among people. Of course, television is of great importance and influence on the inhabitants, having a strong impact. On TV, people can get a lot of different information, which can even manipulate the masses.

Give an example of a phenomenon of mass culture, highlight the relevant features in it and explain how they affect the consumer

There can be many examples, but perhaps the most common is television. It is an example of mass culture, since it obviously has a mass character, that is, it is well distributed among people. Of course, television is of great importance and influence on the inhabitants, having a strong impact. On TV, people can get a lot of different information, which can even manipulate the masses.

1) Explain how the concept of law differs from the concept of law.
2) Why, in the entire vast system of legal acts of the country, only one constitution has the highest legal force?

3) How does the separation of powers make other principles of the rule of law possible?

1.) Unlike laws, rights are not always legislated. A right can be a moral judgment or a category.

2.) According to the pan-European legal tradition, originating in the judicial practices of the Roman Empire, it is the constitution that is the fundamental law of the state, and therefore has the highest legal force.

3.) The separation of powers performs an important function in the functioning of the rule of law - it balances the balance of power and prevents its abuse.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 48, part 1) proclaims: "Everyone is guaranteed the right to receive qualified legal assistance." Explain how this constitutional provision is enforced.

In our life, this is manifested by the fact that there are offices with lawyers who can advise on any issue, there are also consumer rights organizations that can answer any of your questions who to contact and what to do in a given situation, but if the question is confusing, of course, this is already a consultation will cost money
such that there is such a legal principle PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE - this is a legal principle according to which the accused is considered innocent until his guilt is proven in court! (Proved in the prescribed manner)

that's why the defendants are given lawyers to protect their rights! And they proved that their client is not guilty!

How does the economy serve people?
What form of economy most successfully achieves the goals of the economy?

What is common and what is the difference between the economic interests of the producer and the consumer?

How are the activities of the main participants in the economy interconnected?

The economy plays a huge role in the life of society. It provides people with the material conditions of existence - food, clothing, housing and other consumer goods. The economy gives rise to supply and demand, which will find their implementation in goods and services.

An effective form of business is mixed economy, which is regulated by the state . This is such an economic system where the state and the private sector play an important role in the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of all resources and material goods in the country /

The common thing is that the consumer uses what the manufacturer has made, and the difference is that one pays for it, and the other receives.

By how much one makes and sells, the other can understand how much he needs to produce his goods. For example: If one produces a lot of phones that sell out quickly, the other may produce more phone cases.

Will you help?
I will be very grateful)

Find information about small businesses in magazines and newspapers. Make a conclusion about the areas or sectors of the economy where a significant number of them operate.

2. What, in your opinion, can morality in business rely on: upbringing, religion, conscience, responsibility? What moral qualities of an entrepreneur do you consider the most important? Explain why.

3. "The firm is a system of relationships that arise when the direction of resources begins to depend on the entrepreneur." Justify the validity of this definition given by the English scientist Ronald Coase.

4. Imagine that your friend creates an enterprise and personally invests 200 thousand rubles. , and his friend - 50 thousand rubles. This means that a friend owns 80% of the authorized capital, and his friend - 20%. Having successfully sold their products and paid taxes, they received a profit of 400 thousand rubles. How and in what amount will the profits be distributed among them?

1. Mainly in trade.

2. In principle, there is no such morality in business, but for me, education and responsibility are more important in business.

3. Well, for example, the attitude of the team and the bosses, of course, depends on entrepreneurship, because together they went to a common success, that is, to a good one, for example, a review from an entrepreneur

4. It seems to me that a ratio of 80% and 20% is needed. That's how I could help)

All the best to you!

From the work of the Russian philosopher I. A. Ilyin “On legal consciousness” .... If a person wants to see his personal rights as civil and protected, then he must invest his legal consciousness in this public legal life and faithfully participate in its dispensation. As a legislator, he must faithfully create laws from the correct depth of his sense of justice; as a judge and an official, he must interpret and apply the law in the manner required by his just sense of justice; as an ordinary subordinate citizen, he must accept the law in his legal consciousness and include orders, prohibitions and permissions contained in the law in the processes of motivating his behavior. In all these provisions, a person is called to voluntarily impute to himself the laws of his state, to try to understand them correctly and obey them from a feeling of a freely recognized duty. Even if these laws seem formal and external to him, he must nevertheless accept them as self-binding and faithfully observe them. This is necessary for the following reasons. Firstly, because the very essence of law and order includes this ability - to improve through the loyal obedience of citizens. .. Secondly, a citizen is called upon to voluntarily recognize and observe the laws of his homeland because this is the only way to maintain law and order and at the same time remain free in it. QUESTIONS AND TASKS FOR THE DOCUMENT 1. What features of legal consciousness are noted by I. A. Ilyin? 2. Explain how a person can take part in the legal life of society. 3. What new aspect, in comparison with the text of the textbook, did the author reveal in the characterization of legal consciousness? What do you see as the special value of this aspect?

1. Mainly in the text, such features of legal consciousness as responsibility for one's actions, readiness to comply with even those laws, the purpose of which is not very clear to a person, are noted.

2. A person observes the laws, remaining free within their framework, perhaps improving them himself.

3. But I didn’t see the text of the textbook (((

Absolutism - (absolute monarchy) - a form of feudal state, in which the monarch has unlimited supreme power. Under absolutism, the state reaches the highest degree of centralization, an extensive bureaucratic apparatus, a standing army and police are created; the activities of estate representation bodies, as a rule, cease. The rise of absolutism in the countries of the West. Europe falls on the 17-18 centuries. Absolutism existed in Russia in the 18th and early 20th centuries. in the form of autocracy. From a formal legal point of view, under absolutism, the hands of the head of state, the monk, concentrate all the fullness of the legislative executive power, he independently establishes taxes and manages state finances. The social support of absolutism is the nobility. The rationale for absolutism was the thesis of the divine origin of supreme power. The exaltation of the person of the sovereign was served by magnificent and palace etiquette. At the first stage, absolutism was progressive in nature: it fought against the separatism of the feudal nobility, subordinated the church to the state, eliminated the remnants of feudal fragmentation, and introduced uniform laws. The absolute monarchy is characterized by a policy of protectionism and mercantilism, which contributed to the development of the national economy, the commercial and industrial bourgeoisie. The new economic resources were used by absolutism to strengthen the state's military might and wage wars of conquest. As capitalism developed and strengthened in European countries, the principles of the existence of an absolute monarchy, which conserved archaic feudal orders and class partitions, began to come into conflict with the needs of a changed society. The rigid framework of protectionism and mercantilism limited the economic freedom of entrepreneurs, who were forced to produce only goods that were beneficial to the royal treasury. Dramatic changes are taking place within the estates. An economically powerful, educated, entrepreneurial class of capitalists is growing out of the depths of the third estate, having its own idea of the role and tasks of state power. In the Netherlands, England and France, these contradictions were resolved in a revolutionary way, in other countries there was a gradual transformation of the absolute monarchy into a limited, constitutional one.
Questions to the text:

C1 Plan your text. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.

C2 What signs of absolutism are named in the test? Name at least three. How is their relationship carried out?

C3 What is the progressive influence of absolutism at the initial stage of its formation? In what ways is absolutism regressive? In both cases, name at least two signs.

C4 What class grows out of the "third estate" under absolute monarchy? In what two ways are the contradictions between him and absolutism resolved?

C5 In Russia, during the reign of Peter I, the economy was dominated by the policy of mercantilism and protectionism. Explain how these facts are related. What role did this economic course play at that time? Provide a piece of text that will help answer this question.

C6 One of the ideologists of the Russian autocracy gave the following assessment to the parliament: "Parliamentary figures belong, for the most part, to the most immoral representatives of society; with an extremely limited mind, with an unlimited development of selfishness and malice itself, with baseness and dishonesty of motives, a person with a strong will can become the leader of the party and then becomes the guiding, ruling head of the circle or assembly, at least to him) to the assembly over which he dominates) belonged people far superior to him in mental and moral qualities "Do you agree with this point of view? Give at least 2 arguments to support your opinion.

The state reaches the highest degree of centralization; an extensive bureaucratic apparatus is being created; activity of estate representation bodies is terminated.

Absolutism fought against the separatism of the feudal nobility, subordinated the church to the state, eliminated the remnants of feudal fragmentation, introduced uniform laws, this progressive initial influence. And the regressive influence - the rigid framework of protectionism and mercantilism limited the economic freedom of entrepreneurs, who were forced to produce only goods that were beneficial to the royal treasury.

Under an absolute monarchy "out of the 3rd estate" a class of capitalists will grow. Contradictions are resolved between him and absolutism in two ways: in a revolutionary way, or there was a gradual transformation into a limited, constitutional monarchy.

1) people build dams on rivers, and beavers build dams on rivers. Explain how human activity differs from that of a beaver?
2) the spider skillfully weaves a web - a network with which it gets its own food. a man fishes with a fishing net. he uses the net in a sieve, in a tennis and badminton racket. the tulle curtain on the window, made by man, is also a net.
Think about how the production of networks by a person differs from the weaving of a web by a spider?

3) read the poem and express your attitude to the words of the author

For man, thought is the crown of all living things.
And the purity of the soul is the basis of being.
By these signs we find a person:
He is above all creatures on earth from time immemorial.
And if he lives without thinking and not believing,
That man is no different from the beast.

4) Explain the difference between the two statements:

1) Man is a biological and social being.
2) Man is a biosocial creature

5) indicate what is inherent in a person by nature, and what is society

6) describe what the social (public) essence of a person is.

7) name which of the considered human qualities you value most of all.

8) refer to the above words of Chekhov and think about whether each person can play a prominent role in society; noble role? Can any of you make history? If yes, how?

9) Express your attitude to the statement of the French historian Marx Blok: "History ... has its own aesthetic joys, unlike the joys of any other science. The spectacle of human activity, which constitutes its special subject, is more than anything else able to conquer the human imagination."

1) People build dams in order to survive and not drown, and beavers build them in order to survive, feed, and live somewhere.
2) a spider spins a web for the same reason - it needs to eat and live somewhere. In houses, especially grandparents', spiders live right in the houses - they not only give freedom from mosquitoes and flies, but also give happiness. .. To throw a spider out of the house is to lose happiness from the house. Well, the fact that human networks are different from spider ones is true. After all, a person grows everything himself. That is, a person creates networks with the help of herbs, petals and roots. The same goes for curtains - they also do not constitute a pure product, but a harvested crop. The spider itself weaves a web without harvesting. The web is his own dignity.
3) Thought is the result of the work of the brain. Without thought, a person could not make a decision or achieve something in life. To have no thought means to have no mind. Well, the purity of the soul, then this is the internal state of a person - pain, joy, sadness, etc. e. the soul is a reflection of your mood and your intentions. According to everything understood, this is a person, consisting of soul and thought, willpower and mood. He is stronger and smarter than all animals. Didn't a man come up with a gun that can even kill an elephant. If a person does not live peacefully, and always craves the blood of others, then this is no longer a person. He's already a beast.
4) don't know)
5) Nature laid down his form, thought and personality, parents and people similar to him. But society gave him a name, character, language, friends and much more.
6) I don't know either)
7) From human qualities it is necessary to appreciate - purposefulness, fidelity, honesty and friendliness.
8) Anyone can create their own story. You can create in different ways. That is why Stalin, Peter 1 is so famous? Because they carried out a number of important reforms in Russia. Because we live in this century. That history can be created by writing a book, a story. You can do something important in life (It is not necessary to save the world from the invasion of strangers). You just need to do something good for a person, and he will remember it for the rest of his life. That is, in his memory there will already be a short episode, a good episode, from your life.
9) With the help of history, we can imagine a picture, imagine the life of a person. Imagination is our assistant. And it can help to better understand the story, better accept the picture, and maybe create this picture. That's why we dream.

All types of creativity have special features. We list the main features of mass culture:

accessibility for all people

Works of mass culture are accessible and understandable to most people, they are created for recreation and enjoyment.

Mass culture appeared during the period of rapid development of technology, the transition to widespread factory production - industrialization. Then a person began to need a simple, pleasant form of leisure after a working day. It was during this period that simple, entertaining books, films and music appeared.

consumer interest

Works of mass culture attract viewers with understandable stories that tell about emotions and feelings close to them, forcing them to empathize with the characters. The action, as a rule, happens quickly, and the audience is waiting for a happy ending.

availability of whole series, large circulation

Works of mass culture are produced in large quantities: books, CDs with films and music. Also, the repetition applies to the plots themselves, which, as a rule, do not differ in variety, but only the details change.

Mass media

An important role in the dissemination of mass culture is played by special channels through which works find their consumers by regularly broadcasting them. The media include television, radio, newspapers and magazines. Now the Internet has gained the most popularity.

What have we learned?

Having studied the topic of social science, we learned that mass culture is a type of human activity aimed at creating goods that are in great demand in society. It can be films and books, music and painting. Their main difference from other types of art is that they are created by professionals for the purpose of sale and have simple and understandable plots, reflect emotions and feelings close to people.

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