This article will cover such a topic as the spaceships of the future: photos, descriptions and specifications. Before proceeding directly to the topic, we offer the reader a short digression into history, which will help assess the current state of the space industry.

Space during the Cold War was one of the arenas in which the confrontation between the US and the USSR was fought. The main stimulus for the development of the space industry in those years was precisely the geopolitical confrontation between the superpowers. Enormous resources have been thrown into space exploration programs. For example, on the implementation of the project called "Apollo", the main goal of which is to land a man on the surface of the moon, the United States government spent about 25 billion dollars. This amount for the 1970s was simply gigantic. The budget of the Soviet Union, the lunar program, which was never destined to be realized, cost 2.5 billion rubles. 16 million rubles cost development spaceship"Buran". At the same time, he was destined to make only one space flight.

Space Shuttle Program

His American counterpart much more fortunate. The Space Shuttle made 135 launches. However, this "shuttle" was not eternal. Its last launch took place on July 8, 2011. During the implementation of the program, the Americans released 6 "shuttles". One of them was a prototype that never carried out space flights. 2 others have completely failed.

The Space Shuttle program can hardly be considered a success from an economic point of view. Disposable ships turned out to be much more economical. In addition, the safety of flights on "shuttles" raised doubts. As a result of two accidents that occurred during their operation, 14 astronauts became victims. However, the reason for such ambiguous travel results is not the technical imperfection of the ships, but the complexity of the very concept of reusable ships. spacecraft.

The value of Soyuz spacecraft today

As a result, Soyuz, expendable spacecraft from Russia, which were developed back in the 1960s, became the only vehicles that carry out manned flights to the ISS today. It should be noted that this does not mean that they are superior to the Space Shuttle. They have a number of significant disadvantages. For example, their carrying capacity is limited. Also, the use of such devices leads to the accumulation of orbital debris, which remains after their operation. Very soon, space flights on the Soyuz will become history. To date, there are no real alternatives. The spaceships of the future are still under development, photos of which are presented in this article. The huge potential inherent in the concept of reusable use of ships often remains technically unrealizable even in our time.

Barack Obama's statement

Barack Obama in July 2011 announced that the main goal of astronauts from the United States for the coming decades is a flight to Mars. The Constellation space program has become one of the programs that NASA is implementing as part of the flight to Mars and the exploration of the moon. For these purposes, of course, we need new spacecraft of the future. How is it with their development?

Orion spacecraft

The main hopes are pinned on the creation of "Orion" - a new spacecraft, as well as carrier rockets "Ares-5" and "Ares-1" and the lunar module "Altair". In 2010, the United States government decided to curtail the Constellation program, but despite this, NASA still got the opportunity to further develop the Orion. In the near future, it is planned to carry out the first test unmanned flight. It is assumed that the device during this flight will move away from the Earth by 6 thousand km. This is about 15 times more than the distance at which the ISS is located from our planet. The ship after the test flight will head for Earth. The new apparatus can enter the atmosphere at a speed of 32,000 km/h. "Orion" in this indicator exceeds the legendary "Apollo" by 1.5 thousand km / h. The first manned launch is scheduled for 2021.

According to NASA plans, Atlas-5 and Delta-4 will act as launch vehicles for this spacecraft. It was decided to abandon the development of Ares. For deep space exploration, in addition, the Americans are designing SLS - a new launch vehicle.

Orion concept

The Orion is a partially reusable ship. It is conceptually closer to the Soyuz than to the Shuttle. Most spacecraft of the future are partially reusable. This concept assumes that the liquid capsule of the ship after landing on Earth can be reused. This will make it possible to combine the cost-effectiveness of Apollo and Soyuz operation with the functional practicality of reusable spacecraft. This decision is a transitional step. Apparently, in the distant future, all spacecraft of the future will become reusable. This is the development trend of the space industry. Therefore, we can say that the Soviet Buran is a prototype of the spacecraft of the future, just like the American Space Shuttle. They were way ahead of their time.

CST-100

The words "prudence" and "practicality" seem to characterize Americans in the best possible way. The government of this country has decided not to shoulder all the space ambitions of Orion. Today, by order of NASA, several private firms are developing their own spacecraft of the future, which are designed to replace the devices used today. Boeing, for example, is developing the CST-100, a partially reusable and manned spacecraft. It is designed for short trips to Earth's orbit. Its main task will be the delivery of cargo and crew to the ISS.

Planned CST-100 launches

Up to seven people can be the crew of the ship. During the development of the CST-100, special attention was paid to the comfort of the astronauts. Its living space was significantly increased in comparison with the ships of the previous generation. It is likely that the launch of the CST-100 will be carried out using Falcon, Delta or Atlas launch vehicles. "Atlas-5" is the most suitable option. With the help of airbags and a parachute, the ship will land. According to Boeing's plans, the CST-100 will undergo a series of test launches in 2015. The first 2 flights will be unmanned. Their main task is to put the device into orbit and test the security systems. A manned docking with the ISS is planned during the third flight. The CST-100, in case of successful tests, will very soon replace Progress and Soyuz, the Russian spacecraft that currently carry out monopoly manned flights to the ISS.

Development of the "Dragon"

Another private ship designed to carry out the delivery of crew and cargo to the ISS will be an apparatus developed by SpaceX. This is the "Dragon" - a monoblock ship, partially reusable. It is planned to build 3 modifications of this device: autonomous, cargo and manned. Like the CST-100, the crew can be up to seven people. The ship in the cargo modification can take on board 4 people and 2.5 tons of cargo.

"Dragon" want to use in the future also for a flight to Mars. For this, a special version of this ship called the Red Dragon is being created. The unmanned flight of this device to the Red Planet will take place, according to the plans of the US space authorities, in 2018.

The design feature of the "Dragon" and the first flights

Reusability is one of the features of the "Dragon". Fuel tanks and part of the power systems after the flight will descend together with the living capsule to Earth. Then they can be used again for space flights. This design feature favorably distinguishes the "Dragon" from most other promising developments. "Dragon" and CST-100 in the near future will complement each other and serve as a "safety net". If one of these types of ship fails for some reason to fulfill the tasks assigned to it, then another will take over part of its work.

Dragon was first launched into orbit in 2010. A test unmanned flight has been successfully completed. And in 2012, on May 25, this device docked with the ISS. By that time, the ship did not have an automatic docking system, and it was necessary to use the space station manipulator to implement it.

"Dream Chaser"

"Dream Chaser" is another name for the spacecraft of the future. It is impossible not to mention this project of SpaceDev. Also, 12 partners of the company, 3 US universities and 7 NASA centers took part in its development. This ship is significantly different from other space developments. It resembles a miniature Space Shuttle in appearance and can land in the same way as a conventional aircraft. Its main tasks are similar to the tasks facing the CST-100 and the Dragon. The device is designed to deliver the crew and cargo to low-Earth orbit, and it will be launched there using the Atlas-5.

What do we have?

And how can Russia respond? What are the Russian spacecraft of the future? RSC Energia in 2000 began designing the Clipper space complex, which is a multi-purpose one. This spacecraft is reusable, resembling something outwardly "shuttle", reduced in size. It is designed to solve various problems, such as cargo delivery, space tourism, station crew evacuation, flights to other planets. Certain hopes were pinned on this project.

It was assumed that the spacecraft of the future of Russia would soon be constructed. However, due to lack of funding, these hopes had to be abandoned. The project was closed in 2006. Technologies that have been developed over the years are planned to be used for the design of the PPTS, also known as the Rus project.

Features of PCA

The best spaceships of the future, according to experts from Russia, are PPTS. It is this space system that is destined to become a new generation of spacecraft. It will be able to replace Progress and Soyuz, which are rapidly becoming obsolete. Today, RSC Energia is engaged in the development of this ship, as in the past, the Clipper. PTK NK will become the basic modification of this complex. Its main task, again, will be to deliver the crew and cargo to the ISS. However, in the distant future, there is the development of modifications that will be able to fly to the moon, as well as carry out various research missions that are long in time.

The ship itself should become partially reusable. The liquid capsule will be reused after landing, but the engine compartment will not. A curious feature of this ship is the possibility of landing without a parachute. The jet system will be used for braking and landing on the earth's surface.

New spaceport

Unlike the Soyuz, which take off from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the new ships are planned to be launched from the Vostochny cosmodrome under construction in the Amur Region. 6 people will make up the crew. The device can also take a load weighing up to 500 kg. The ship in the unmanned version can deliver cargoes up to 2 tons in weight.

Challenges facing PCA developers

One of the main problems facing the PPTS project is the lack of launch vehicles with the necessary characteristics. The main technical aspects of the spacecraft have been worked out today, but the lack of a launch vehicle puts its developers in a very difficult position. It is assumed that it will be close in characteristics to the Angara, which was developed back in the 90s.

Another serious problem, oddly enough, is the purpose of the design of the PCA. Russia today can hardly afford to implement ambitious programs for the exploration of Mars and the Moon, similar to those that the United States is implementing. Even if the space complex is successfully developed, most likely, its only task will be to deliver the crew and cargo to the ISS. Until 2018, the start of PPTS testing has been postponed. Promising devices from the United States by this time, most likely, will have already taken over the functions performed today by the Russian spacecraft Progress and Soyuz.

Hazy prospects for space travel

It is a fact that the world today remains devoid of the romance of space travel. This, of course, is not about space tourism and the launch of satellites. You can not worry about these areas of astronautics. Flights to the ISS are very important for the space industry, but the duration of the stay in orbit of the ISS itself is limited. In 2020, it is planned to liquidate this station. And the manned spacecraft of the future are an integral part of a specific program. It is impossible to develop a new apparatus in the absence of ideas about the tasks facing it. Not only for the delivery of crews and cargo to the ISS, new spacecraft of the future are being designed in the United States, but also for flights to the Moon and Mars. However, these tasks are so far from everyday earthly concerns that we should hardly expect significant breakthroughs in the field of astronautics in the coming years. Space threats remain a fantasy, so it makes no sense to design combat spaceships of the future. And, of course, the powers of the Earth have many other concerns besides fighting each other for a place in orbit and other planets. The construction of such vehicles as military spacecraft of the future is therefore also impractical.

The Russian cosmonautics, which over the past 4-5 years has experienced a number of rather painful incidents, and also, along with the rest of the industry, was affected by a general negative economic background, nevertheless, over the past 2015, it was able to largely make up for the positions lost over the past years and become one of the most locomotives in import substitution projects and the creation of new world-class high-tech products.

We propose to talk in more detail about the results, failures, ups and downs and prospects of domestic space. Especially considering the fact that Russia's competitors in the development of near-Earth and interplanetary space are also on the alert. And that means our rocket and space industry it is necessary to make every effort in the modernization of enterprises, the development of state orders and the conduct of research and development in promising areas.

The year began, it should be noted, on a rather negative note - on May 16, 2015, the Proton-M carrier crashed with the Mexican MexSat-1 satellite on board. Later, in August, the government commission will name the reason: the experts came to the conclusion that the cause of the launch vehicle accident was a design flaw in the rotor shaft of the third-stage turbopump unit, which failed due to increased vibration loads.

The accident with the Mexican satellite was, as it were, the final in a whole series of problems with the Protons, the peak of which fell in 2013-2014. The most resonant accident of the Proton-M launch vehicles was the fall of three satellites of the GLONASS orbital group on July 2, 2013. The cause of the disaster then was flagrant negligence and irresponsibility during the assembly of the rocket, when the angular velocity sensors were installed incorrectly at the factory. This led to the loss of satellites and losses of almost 4.5 billion rubles. And already in May 2014, the Russian telecommunications satellite Express AM4R was lost due to the failure of the 3rd stage steering engines.

However, the relevant conclusions based on the results of these accidents were made by the government and relevant departments, and first of all by Roscosmos, and all the launches that followed the crash of MexSat-1 (and there were four in total) took place in the normal mode.

Also in the outgoing year, the promising Russian cosmodrome Vostochny was actively developed and built. A new cosmodrome is being built near the village of Uglegorsk in the Amur region. A whole city is also being built near Uglegorsk for the workers of the cosmodrome and their families, which will be named after the pioneer of world and domestic cosmonautics Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.

The first launch of a launch vehicle from the spaceport was scheduled for 2015, and the launch of a manned spacecraft was scheduled for 2018. However, later these dates had to be postponed.

If we talk about the specific achievements of the builders, then, despite the problems with contractors (who are now engaged investigative committee RF) and the failure to meet the deadlines for the first launch, a lot was still done. So, this year, the construction and installation of the most important component of the ground infrastructure of the cosmodrome, the control and measuring complex, was completed. The measuring complex "Vostochny" includes a unified technological module, a complex of antennas for receiving and transmitting telemetry.

In addition, a data transmission system was equipped at the cosmodrome ground complex control, a marine measuring complex and several command posts throughout Russia. At Vostochny, at the end of November, a “launch minimum” was commissioned, which, according to experts, will make it possible to carry out the first launch in the spring of 2016.

The Soyuz carrier rocket was also delivered to the cosmodrome and placed in the assembly and test complex, where it will spend the winter and will be prepared for the first launch from the Far Eastern cosmodrome.

Work was also actively carried out to create a social infrastructure for the personnel of the cosmodrome, the relevant departments continued the construction of microdistricts in the city of Tsiolkovsky. Now the issue of activating low-rise construction for the needs of Vostochny employees is also being worked out. As in the Ministry of Construction of Russia, the state will assume the obligation to provide social guarantees for attracting highly qualified specialists to work at the cosmodrome. Including specialists who are ready to be transferred from the Baikonur complex. The Ministry of Construction of Russia will study the possibility of giving this category of citizens the right to provide housing at the expense of federal budget by providing them with state housing certificates.

Russia's relations with our foreign partners and, first of all, with the United States, were rather uneasy. We and the Americans, despite significant and, to be honest, insurmountable contradictions on the entire agenda of foreign policy issues, remained reliable partners in space. Throughout the year, cooperation continued through the ISS, Soyuz launches were carried out, including with American astronauts on board.

However, the most significant situation that characterizes the interdependence of Russia and the United States in the space sector is, of course, the epic with the purchases of Russian RD-180 rocket engines by the American consortium United Launch Alliance.

Against the backdrop of anti-Russian hysteria, the US Congress decided to significantly limit the purchase of RD-180 engines in Russia - this year it was planned to purchase only 5 units. This put the United Launch Alliance in an extremely uncomfortable position and even forced it to refuse to participate in the Pentagon's tender for the launch of military satellites.

It is worth recalling that the RD-180 produced by NPO Energomash is used as the 1st stage of the American Atlas 5 heavy-class rocket, and the Americans cannot do without them yet. As a result, by 2019, Russian rocket scientists from Energomash will supply 20 more RD-180 engines to the United States.

Strategies for the development of research and production enterprises of the aerospace complex. Innovative way Baranov Vyacheslav Viktorovich

2.2. Status and development prospects of the rocket and space industry in Russia

In the context of the globalization of the economy, the implementation of the priorities of the state innovation policy of the Russian Federation, including in the field of the rocket and space industry, is of particular importance. For Russia, as well as for other industrialized countries, the exploration and use of outer space has become an important resource for national development, a real improvement in the quality of people's lives.

The use of space systems for solving problems in such areas as communications, television and radio broadcasting, remote sensing of the Earth from space, navigation and cartography makes a significant contribution to the formation of a new economy based on the widespread use of information technologies. Market expansion space technologies, use of the results of space activities in environmental monitoring, disaster management and other areas human activity designed to improve the quality of life of the population of Russia.

The use of the results of space activities makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the implementation of priority national projects. So, for example, within the framework of the national project "Education" on the basis of space facilities, federal, regional and interregional systems of distance education and interactive learning, as well as systems for ensuring the safety of school transport, buildings and structures of educational institutions can be created. The results of space activities can be integrated into training courses that give an idea of ​​the possibilities modern science and technology in solving urgent problems of the socio-economic development of society.

As part of the implementation of the national project "Affordable and Comfortable Housing", monitoring systems built on the basis of space information can be used to assess the condition of buildings and structures, ensure life safety, systems for energy saving, land use, urban planning and real estate accounting. For the national project "Development of the agro-industrial complex" on the basis of information from remote sensing of the Earth from space, navigation and other space systems can be created target system monitoring and management of agriculture.

Since 2006, the Federal Space Program for 2006–2015 has been implemented in Russia. This program is planned to carry out more than two dozen scientific projects. Among them are projects to create specialized spacecraft equipped with target complexes scientific equipment. In addition, the program involves the additional installation of domestic scientific equipment, firstly, on Russian spacecraft, the launch of which ensures the solution of important national economic problems, and secondly, on foreign scientific spacecraft.

A feature of the Federal Space Program of Russia is that it provides for the implementation of scientific space projects with the maximum use of unified space platforms. These platforms, being the main components of spacecraft, must create all the necessary conditions for the operation of the payload, including equipment for scientific research, remote sensing of the Earth, radio communications, etc.

The modular technology for creating a space platform will minimize the costs and time required to adapt the platform's capabilities for use as part of various types of spacecraft. At the same time, an important role is assigned to the use of a unified platform for small spacecraft. At present, such a platform has already been developed, and at the expense of extrabudgetary funds. Within the framework of the project "Small spacecraft for fundamental space research", it is planned to implement a program of research on solar-terrestrial relations, observations of small bodies solar system, experiments in astrophysics.

Federal Space Program of Russia for 2006–2015 provides for reliable operation and further development orbital constellation of spacecraft for socio-economic purposes, including communication and television broadcasting devices. The successful operation of the Resurs-DK1 spacecraft for remote sensing of the Earth continues. The commissioning of this apparatus marked the beginning of the creation of a qualitatively new orbital constellation of the space monitoring system of the Earth.

In order to increase the constellation of remote sensing of the Earth, specialists in the Russian rocket and space industry performed R&D on the creation of the Kanopus-V, Meteor-M, and Electro-L spacecraft. They make it possible to obtain the necessary meteorological data, quickly detect natural and man-made disasters, warn about forest fires in a timely manner, etc. During the successful flight of the Foton-M automatic laboratory, together with European partners, experiments were carried out in the field of space materials science and biology.

Regular flights of Soyuz TMA spacecraft and Progress transport spacecraft to the International Space Station (ISS) are part of the manned flight program. In addition, specialists from the domestic rocket and space complex are working to create new modules for the Russian segment of the ISS.

The key to the sustainable development of the Russian rocket and space complex lies in a modern ground-based test base. Within the framework of the Federal Space Program for 2006-2015. She's in for a major upgrade. Tests of elements of the Angara launch vehicle, including fire tests of engines for this launch vehicle, flight tests of the Soyuz-2 launch vehicle, as well as the creation and testing of new upper stages and transport modules, testify to the still high innovative potential Russian rocket and space complex. This is also evidenced by the results of modernization at the Baikonur Cosmodrome of the launch and technical complexes of the Proton, Soyuz, Zenit-M, Cyclone-2 launch vehicles, technical complexes of spacecraft for scientific and socio-economic purposes.

International cooperation between enterprises and organizations of the Russian rocket and space complex is developing. As part of the national program for fundamental space research, Russian scientists are working with the Konus-A instrument, which is a gamma-ray burst spectrometer, which is installed on board the American Wind spacecraft. Also used are the Rim-Pamela magnetic spectrometer of electrons, protons and antiparticles, which is part of the Resurs-DK spacecraft, as well as the OMEGA and SPIKA-M instruments, designed to study the atmosphere of planets aboard the European Mars-Express spacecraft, "Mimas" and "Mimas-2" and US spacecraft Mars Exploration Rovers. A planetary Fourier spectrometer is successfully used on board the European station "Venera-Express".

Works on the manufacture of the domestic astrophysical observatory "Spektr-Radioastron" have been completed. The development of the research apparatus "Koronas-Photon" is nearing completion. Active work is underway to create an interplanetary station "Phobos-Grunt".

The largest project is still the ISS. Russia is actively involved in the construction and operation of the station. Strategically important for the Russian rocket and space complex is the Soyuz project at the Guiana Space Center (GCC). This project provides for the creation of ground infrastructure at the cosmodrome in French Guiana and launches from it of the Russian Soyuz-ST launch vehicle adapted to the conditions of the GCC. The first launch of Soyuz-ST is scheduled for next year. In the medium term, the portfolio of orders will amount to 20 launches. Enterprises of the Russian rocket and space industry, in particular TsSKB-Progress, and a number of other enterprises are actively involved in the implementation of the project.

The Russian-French Ural program is being successfully implemented to develop technologies that will be used in the creation of Russian-European launch vehicles. There is also a joint project with the European Space Agency (ESA) to create a Russian manned transport system. The research program implemented within the framework of this project is designed for 18 months.

One of the promising areas of cooperation with the European Space Research and Technology Center (ESTEC) is the development international standards processing and transmission of spacecraft onboard systems data using Space Wire technology.

Hopes are pinned on the international programs "Sea Launch", in which, apart from Russia, Norway, the USA and Ukraine participate; "Ground launch" with the participation of Russia and Ukraine, as well as a program for the dissemination of a civilian signal using the global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) to users foreign countries.

An important international program is the development of the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, which has actually become international. Russia plans to use it jointly with Kazakhstan, which will provide it high efficiency. Important for the Russian rocket and space complex are partnerships with the Chinese National Space Administration, as well as with the countries of the Caribbean and Latin America– Brazil, Cuba, Venezuela, Argentina and other states. One of the new facets of international cooperation in space was the attempt by national space agencies to jointly solve the global problem of the asteroid-comet hazard.

Increasing the composition and capabilities of the orbital constellation involves the full-scale deployment of the GLONASS system with the widespread introduction of ground-based navigation equipment. The Russian GLONASS system has a number of advantages over similar foreign systems. Thus, Russian navigation satellites are better visible from the polar regions, which is very important for the successful development of deposits and the start of hydrocarbon production on the shelf of the northern seas.

However, the effectiveness of satellite navigation largely depends on the readiness of the "terrestrial" segment of the rocket and space complex for its active use. Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate the work on maintaining, developing and using the GLONASS system. Currently, these works are coordinated by the Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos).

Enterprises of the rocket and space industry have developed samples of navigation equipment for users of the system, produced the first batches of a device that combines the reception of signals from both GLONASS and GPS navigation systems, created GLONASS ground equipment devices, as well as digital navigation maps. Thus, all the prerequisites for the use of satellite navigation in solving important national economic problems have been formed.

It is assumed that by 2011 the constellation of navigation satellites will be brought up to the nominal number of 30 spacecraft. Starting from 2010, it is planned to start in-orbit flight tests of the GLONASS-K spacecraft with an extended period of operation in space up to ten years. If all ground facilities are put into operation, then the accuracy parameters of GLONASS will approach the accuracy of the GPS system.

As part of the development of the Federal Space Program, the Fundamentals of the Policy of the Russian Federation in the field of space activities for the period up to 2020 and beyond have been adopted. This document marks a qualitatively new stage in the development of the domestic rocket and space industry. Among modern projects– creation of a new promising manned transport space system, means for the exploration and exploration of the Moon, Mars and other planets and objects of the Universe.

The strengthening of the Russian economy in the pre-crisis period and the new financial opportunities opened up in connection with this allowed the industry to develop steadily. The forecast of the dynamics of this development made it possible for Russia to participate in international space cooperation on an equal footing with the leading industrialized countries of the world. Now, in the situation of the global financial crisis, the industry is in dire need of government support and funding. Thus, the country's budget for 2009, adjusted according to the results of the first post-crisis months, does not imply a reduction in spending on the development of Russia's rocket and space industry. In 2009, 82 billion rubles will be allocated to support the domestic rocket and space industry. 16 leading enterprises of the industry will receive financial support.

For the sustainable development of the domestic rocket and space industry, Russia needs guaranteed access to outer space. The industry is solving a large-scale task of deploying a new cosmodrome in the east of the country. The Federal Space Agency has already considered the investment project prepared for this, in particular, the results of the system design of the cosmodrome were recognized as positive. Based approved project being developed working documentation spaceport construction. The implementation of this project requires not only the construction of a new cosmodrome, which will determine the future shape of the Russian cosmonautics, but also the solution of a complex of interrelated scientific, technical and economic tasks. The priority among them is the choice of the optimal fleet of launch vehicles, as well as the determination of the technical characteristics of a new manned spacecraft.

An important area of ​​activity for enterprises and organizations in the rocket and space industry is the advance build-up of the composition, quality and capabilities of the Russian orbital constellation. To do this, a forecast is being developed for the composition and capabilities of a promising orbital constellation until 2020. The forecast is based on the use of completely new or deeply modernized spacecraft with characteristics at the level of the best foreign analogues.

The implementation of this forecast will further expand Russia's presence in the world market for spacecraft and services. This applies not only to launch services for the launch of foreign spacecraft and cargo, but also to a significant increase in Russia's share in the world market for high-tech developments and services, including communications, navigation, hydrometeorological monitoring, remote sensing of the Earth, etc.

To solve these problems, it is necessary to develop and implement a set of interrelated measures to build up human resources and deep technological modernization of the rocket and space industry. The aggravation of competition in the world market of space services dictates the need for a radical renewal of the machine park of enterprises in the industry and the development of new technologies for the production of rocket and space technology.