"Zoo-1" (GRAU index 1L219M) - reconnaissance and fire control radar (counter-battery radar). The radar complex is intended for reconnaissance of firing positions of enemy rocket and artillery assets (mortar positions, artillery positions, MLRS positions, launchers of tactical missiles and air defense systems). Zoopark-1 calculates the trajectories of missiles and shells, is able to adjust the fire of its artillery, monitor airspace and control unmanned aerial vehicles.
The complex began to be designed in the USSR in the 1980s to replace the ARK-1 complex in the artillery troops (GRAU index 1RL239, "Lynx"), which was developed in the late 1970s. The new complex was placed on the basis of the chassis of the MT-LBu tractor, due to which it has an external resemblance to the ARK-1. To carry out work on the creation of the "Zoo", 2 enterprises were involved - the Research Institute "Strela" and the NPK "Iskra". The collapse of the USSR that followed soon led to the fact that these two enterprises ended up in different countries, where they independently continued to work, being now competitors. NPK Iskra, which ended up on the territory of Ukraine, continued to work on the creation and modernization of the 1L220-U Zoopark-2 complex, based on a different chassis, with a greater target detection range, but less bandwidth and other software and hardware solutions.
FSUE Research Institute "Strela" from the city of Tula continued work on the modernization of the "Zoo-1" complex (in particular, work was carried out to improve the communication system and software and hardware of this complex). The new complex, developed by the enterprise, received the index 1L219M (modernized) and was first presented to the media in 2002. Most likely in 2004, a number of these complexes in single copies were transferred to military tests in the Armed Forces of Russia. The end of the military tests of the complex officially ended on February 19, 2008, a year earlier the complex had already been put into service. Russian army. It is assumed that several such complexes could take part in the August 2008 events in South Ossetia. As part of modern Russian brigades, the complex is part of the control and artillery reconnaissance battery, which, according to the state, should have 3 such complexes.
"Zoo-1"
The purpose of the automated radar complex "Zoo-1" is to determine the coordinates of enemy fire weapons (firing mortars, artillery pieces, multiple launch rocket systems and tactical missile launchers) upon the fact of a shot or launch. Having fixed the shot and tracked the flight path of the projectile / missile, the complex issues target designations to its own means of fire destruction and controls the effectiveness of their firing.
"Zoo-1" is able to simultaneously detect up to 70 different artillery positions per minute and give out their coordinates until the shells fall (during the first 20 seconds after the salvo), conduct simultaneous tracking of 12 targets, and carry out an automated exchange of incoming information with the control room. "Zoopark-1" is able to provide reconnaissance / control of firing positions of 81-120 mm mortars at a distance of 20 km / 22 km, firing positions of 105-155 mm artillery at a distance of 15 km / 20 km, firing positions of 122-240 caliber MLRS mm at a distance of 30 km / 35 km, firing positions of tactical missiles 40 km / 40 km. The complex has high noise immunity and modular design.
If necessary, this complex can be used to control the flight of UAVs, as well as monitor the control of their movement or the control of the flight of other aircraft in the area of responsibility. While at the airfield, tracking and accurate determination of the coordinates of aircraft can be provided, followed by data transfer to the control point online.
"Zoo-1" has a fairly high survivability, which is achieved with the help of a short radar operating time for radiation, the use of means to counter unintentional and intentional electronic interference, and fast carrier frequency tuning. The calculation of the complex - 3 people - is protected by bulletproof and anti-fragmentation armor.
RLC "Zoo-1" in camouflage coloring
The composition of the complex
RLC "Zoo-1" is located on one transport unit - an armored highly passable caterpillar tractor MT-LBu. Radar equipment, autonomous means of orientation and navigation, communications equipment, input and processing devices for digital terrain maps, as well as power supplies are deployed on its basis, which makes the complex highly mobile.
The complex includes radar station Radar 1L259M based on the MT-LBu tracked tractor, machine Maintenance(MTO) of the complex for carrying out repair and maintenance work 1I30 based on the Ural-43203 vehicle, the power plant ED30-T230P-1 RPM-1 on the trailer 2-PN-2 for carrying out routine and academic work, as well as autonomous means of topographic location and orientation.
1L259M is a 3-coordinate monopulse radar with a phased antenna array (PAR), which provides combat work together with a high-speed TsVS - a digital computer system with advanced software. An overview of the area of responsibility in the target search or fire control mode is implemented by the radar using discrete scanning with an electric beam in a sector of up to 90 degrees in the horizontal and up to 1.8 degrees in the vertical planes with a constant elevation angle of 40 degrees. The radar is able to automatically detect flying mines, shells and missiles, track them and carry out trajectory measurements.
Based on the results of these measurements, an assessment is made of the movement of the flight of projectiles, the class of firing systems is determined, and the coordinates of enemy firing positions are calculated with an accuracy sufficient for effective counter-battery combat (in the target reconnaissance mode). It also calculates the points of incidence own funds lesions (in control mode). At the same time, messages are generated and transmitted with data on enemy firing positions, as well as the results of firing of own weapons at automated command posts. missile systems and artillery battalion.
As part of the 1L259M radar there are autonomous means of topographic location, orientation and navigation, which provide, during movement or parking, the determination of the azimuth and coordinates of the location of the station in unified system coordinates. The radar is equipped with an interface for operation in the command and control system.
The central air defense system of this complex ensures high automation of the entire process of combat work and allows you to detect and track up to 12 targets simultaneously, as well as reveal the coordinates of enemy firing positions from which simultaneous, intense fire is being conducted.
MTO based on the "Ural" is designed to perform repair and maintenance work aimed at maintaining the radar equipment in a combat-ready state and has everything for this necessary equipment.
The power supply of the complex is carried out using a mobile power plant EDZO-T230P-1RPM with a capacity of 30 kW (during the training of the calculation and maintenance work) or from a generator that takes power from the propulsion engine (in the conditions of combat operation of the complex).
RLC "Zoo-1" provides
1. Mobility
The time of deployment and collapse of the RLC without the exit of the crew takes no more than 5 minutes.
Land speed - up to 60 km / h.
The complex is able to overcome water obstacles by swimming.
The complex has patency on roads of any type.
The cruising range with a full refueling is 500 km.
The complex is able to operate at altitudes up to 3000 m above sea level
It is possible to work under the influence of all types of precipitation, dust and strong winds up to 30 m/s.
Operation at temperatures environment from -45 to +50 degrees Celsius.
Possibility of transportation by all types of transport: rail, air, road, water.
Autonomous topographic location and orientation.
2. Vitality
Frequent change of carrier frequency.
The duration of the radiation time.
Protection against electromagnetic impulses.
High noise immunity.
3. Crew protection
From being hit by small arms and shell fragments
From defeat by bacteriological and chemical weapons.
From exposure to low and high temperatures environment.
4. Ease of management
Full automation of radar control.
Providing comfortable conditions for the crew (ventilation, heating, air conditioning).
Built-in automated control of the complex performance.
The complex is transferred from the traveling position to the combat position and back without leaving the calculation from the MT-LBU.
Autonomy of power supply.
The workplace of the commander of the RLC "Zoo-1"
Operating modes of RLC "Zoo-1"
1. Intelligence
In the "Reconnaissance" mode, the coordinates of the firing positions of the enemy's firing artillery systems are determined. The product sequentially scans the space above the terrain, covering a sector with a width of 90 degrees. In this case, the probing beam, performing electronic scanning over the masking surface, forms the so-called "potential search barrier".
At the moment the projectile crosses the specified barrier, it is detected, captured and escorted, followed by extrapolation of the trajectory to the point of departure of the projectile.
2. Control
In the "Control" mode, the coordinates of the points of impact of shells of their firing means are determined. According to the initial data entered into the computer control unit (CCU), the coordinates of the points of the beginning of the tracking of projectiles, the appearance of which is carried out in the working sector, are calculated. The VUU sets the sounding beam in the direction of the intended meeting point and organizes an electronic search for the expected projectile. When a projectile is detected in the area of the meeting point, it is captured, escorted and extrapolated to the point of impact.
3. Functional control
In the "Functional control" mode, the equipment of the complex is diagnosed (up to the module of the lowest level) using a digital computing control unit (DCU). "Functional control" is carried out both before the start and in the process of combat work.
Sources used:
www.npostrela.com/ru/products/72/194/
www.arms-expo.ru/049056048049124052051053.html
www.militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-510.html
Materials of the free Internet encyclopedia "Wikipedia"
The artillery of Russia and the world, along with other states, has introduced the most significant innovations - the transformation of a smooth-bore gun loaded from the muzzle into a rifled one loaded from the breech (lock). The use of streamlined projectiles and various types fuses with adjustable time setting; more powerful gunpowders, such as cordite, which appeared in Britain before the First World War; the development of rolling systems, which made it possible to increase the rate of fire and relieved the gun crew from the hard work of rolling into the firing position after each shot; connection in one assembly of the projectile, propellant charge and fuse; the use of shrapnel shells, after the explosion, scattering small steel particles in all directions.
Russian artillery, capable of firing large projectiles, sharply highlighted the problem of weapon durability. In 1854, during the Crimean War, Sir William Armstrong, a British hydraulic engineer, proposed the wrought iron gun barrel method of first twisting iron bars and then welding them together by forging. The gun barrel was additionally strengthened with wrought iron rings. Armstrong set up a business that made guns of several sizes. One of the most famous was his 12-pounder rifled gun with a 7.6 cm (3 in) bore and a screw lock mechanism.
The artillery of the Second World War (WWII), in particular the Soviet Union, probably had the largest potential among the European armies. At the same time, the Red Army experienced the purges of Commander-in-Chief Joseph Stalin and endured the difficult Winter War with Finland at the end of the decade. During this period, Soviet design bureaus took a conservative approach to technology.
The first modernization effort came with the improvement of the 76.2 mm M00/02 field gun in 1930, which included improved ammunition and the replacement of barrels for parts of the gun fleet, new version the guns were named M02/30. Six years later, the 76.2 mm M1936 field gun appeared, with a carriage from the 107 mm.
Heavy artilleryof all armies, and rather rare materials from the time of Hitler's blitzkrieg, whose army smoothly and without delay crossed the Polish border. The German army was the most modern and best equipped army in the world. Wehrmacht artillery operated in close cooperation with infantry and aviation, trying to quickly occupy the territory and deprive the Polish army of communication lines. The world shuddered upon learning of a new armed conflict in Europe.
Artillery of the USSR in the positional conduct of hostilities on the Western Front in the last war and the horror in the trenches of the military leaders of some countries created new priorities in the tactics of using artillery. They believed that in the second global conflict of the 20th century, mobile firepower and accuracy of fire would be decisive factors.
Moscow, 19 October. Military personnel of the Russian Armed Forces tested the Zoo-1M installation in Syria, which is rightfully called the "curse of artillery", according to the Russian Defense Ministry.
This radar complex for reconnaissance of the positioning of artillery and missiles is considered the best of its kind by both Western and domestic experts. The most powerful sensitive radar is mounted on a fast and maneuverable self-propelled tracked chassis, which develops a speed of up to 70 kilometers per hour. The radar complex detects firing points from which enemy artillery is firing, and promptly transmits information to friendly artillery. Enemy positions are destroyed after the first shots.
"Zoo" is in service Russian base VKS in Khmeimim and does not give the slightest chance to artillery crews of terrorists.
Radar complex for reconnaissance of missile and artillery positions. Developed by NPO Strela (Tula) of the Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern. The contract with the Ministry of Defense of Russia for the supply of 1L260 radar systems was probably concluded in November 2011. In 2012, the production of complexes is underway. Probably, in 2013 the complex is undergoing military tests (see below).
The 1L261 radar machine of the 1L260 Zoopark-1M complex at the MAKS-2013 air show, Ramenskoye, August 26-31, 2013 (http://i-korotchenko.livejournal.com).
Radar machine 1L261 of the complex 1L260 "Zoo-1M" (http://www.npostrela.com).
RLC capabilitiesand its features: In a special software The complex uses the latest adaptive algorithms for searching, tracking and compensating for active interference from any direction in the entire reconnaissance sector, as well as adaptive methods of digital information processing, which make it possible to increase the accuracy of determining coordinates, the probability of detecting and recognizing targets.
The complex provides for the possibility of training the calculation by regular means with imitation of the flight of all types of firing systems against the background of the surrounding interference environment. The radar station provides protection for the calculation and equipment from the damaging factors of weapons of mass destruction, small arms, fragments of mines and shells.
The complex includes:
- radar station for reconnaissance of positions of missiles and artillery 1L261;
- maintenance vehicle 1I38;
- backup power plant ED60;
It is possible to perform tasks without auxiliary units of equipment - only by the forces of the 1L261 radar.
Chassis -The radar of the 1L261 complex is located on the GM-5955 universal tracked chassis manufactured by the Mytishchi Machine-Building Plant ( ).
Assembly of the GM-5955 chassis at the Mytishchi Machine-Building Plant, 2012-early 2013. (photo - Vyacheslav Nesterov,
"Zoo-1", according to GRAU - 1L219M, is a radar complex for reconnaissance and fire control (radar for counter-battery combat). Necessary for calculating the trajectories of missiles and shells, reconnaissance of the positions of enemy fire weapons (mortar and artillery positions, launcher complexes air defense and tactical missiles, multiple launch rocket systems, etc.), drone control and airspace tracking, as well as friendly fire adjustments.
1. Photos
2. Video
3. History
The start of the development of the complex dates back to the late 80s. He was required to replace the artillery radar complex ARK-1 1RL239 "Lynx". The same complex became the basis for the new one. Therefore, the Zoo is similar in appearance to the Lynx and is also based on the MT-LBu tractor.
Federal State Unitary Enterprise Research Institute "Strela" Soviet time upgraded the Zoo. The changes include, for example, the improvement of the software and hardware of the communication system and the calculator. In Soviet times, two complexes of the same purpose were developed at once - Zoo-1 and 2. The main developer of Zoo-1 was appointed Strela Research Institute (Tula Region), and Zoo-2 (1L220) - NPK Iskra ( Zaporozhye). A different serial number was assigned simply because of the second order. The differences between the complexes in relation to each other were given in the tactical and technical specifications for them. The collapse of the USSR was the reason that each of the "Zoos" remained in different states, which began to independently continue to create complexes. After development, the Ukrainian complex was named 1L220U, and was put into service in 2003.
In the summer of 2013, the Almaz-Antey air defense concern presented to the general public the modernization of the Zoo-1M artillery and missile reconnaissance complex. He was assigned the index 1L260.
4. Appointment
The main function of the "Zoo" is the adjustment of fire and reconnaissance of enemy fire weapons.
The radar station finds ammunition in the air and calculates the trajectory. Thanks to this, it allows you to determine the area of \u200b\u200bfall and the point of fire. Because of this, it is possible to make a qualitative correction of the activity of their artillery systems and find the firing positions of the enemy.
The rather high performance of the computer system and the radar station makes it possible to calculate the coordinates of all enemy fire weapons, including under conditions of massive shelling, as well as to give distributed target designations and eliminate fire weapons before they leave their firing positions.
Radars of this type are necessary for peacekeepers in order to control the ceasefire regime over a large area.
Such features of the "Zoo" as little time deployment and its autonomy, allows it to be operated from the march with the synchronous deployment of weapons. This is important when reinforced groupings of troops are introduced and equipment columns are highly vulnerable.
All data automatically comes to the CP. Through the control interface, troops are targeting artillery systems, thanks to the creation of a semi-automatic system for suppressing and detecting enemy firing points.
This radar station is multifunctional and can supply drones with control signals. Also in her ability is to monitor the airspace in the area of responsibility, accompanying civilian aircraft or aircrafts enemy.
Also, the "Zoo" can warn the civilian population and the army about rocket and mortar attacks. Moreover, a quick calculation of the trajectory makes it possible to accurately determine the point where the ammunition will fall.
The complex also has high survivability, due to anti-fragmentation and bulletproof protection of equipment and crew, the ability to quickly leave it for its members and the frequency maneuver of the radar station.
5. Tactical and technical characteristics
5.1 Key features
- Type: counter-battery self-propelled radar
- Crew, people: 3
- Deployment time, min.: over five
- Productivity, min.: less than seventy positions
- Number of tracked targets: four, in the second modification up to 12
- Full trajectory calculation time: over 20 sec.
7. Current status
For the first time, information about the fact that the Zoo was put into service appeared in the media in 2004. But most likely, then the equipment entered the troops for military trials. All tests were completed in early 2008.
8. Export
There are plans to sell this complex to foreign countries. Since 2002, they began to demonstrate it at international and domestic arms exhibitions.
