That the country is going to spend 1.6 trillion rubles on various space programs by 2020. First of all, it was about the continuation of the construction of the Vostochny cosmodrome - the first launch of a launch vehicle from this launch pad is scheduled for the end of 2015. At the same time, plans were announced to create by 2030 some systems to counter the use of weapons from space and in space, plans to send astronauts beyond the Earth's orbit in the future, including the creation of a permanent moon base, which can then be used as an intermediate point for flights to Mars (however, it is planned to start implementing this program closer to 2030).

How does Russia look at the prospects for the development of the space industry today, a year later? About this for Russian newspaper”wrote in the article “Russian Space” Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Olegovich Rogozin, who oversees the defense and rocket and space industries. Under the slogan “We are moving from cosmic romanticism to earthly pragmatism,” he noted that Russia now faces three strategic tasks in the study and development of outer space: expanding its presence in low Earth orbits and moving from their development to use; development with subsequent colonization of the Moon and circumlunar space; preparation and start of exploration of Mars and other objects solar system.

First, he touched upon the problems that the Russian space industry has faced in recent decades: the collapse of the USSR and the subsequent severe tests of the rocket and space industry of the former Union, the thoughtless “eating away” of the scientific and technical backlog. In many ways, the industry has been set back decades. Although today Russia is still the leader in manned space programs and the stable operation of the world's second GLONASS satellite navigation system is ensured, the general state of the industry cannot be called prosperous.

Guaranteed access to space from your territory

In order to improve the state of affairs until 2030, the Russian Federation is going to ensure guaranteed access to space from its territory: launches of defense and dual-purpose spacecraft will be gradually transferred from the Baikonur cosmodrome to the Plesetsk and Vostochny cosmodromes. However, Russia will not leave Kazakhstan: the launch complexes will be used within the framework of international programs and with the more active participation of the Kazakh side. For example, within the framework of the Baiterek project for the creation and operation of a medium-class space complex.

At present, work on the construction of the Vostochny cosmodrome is in full swing: the launch and technical complexes for the Soyuz-2 family of launch vehicles are being built, design and survey work is underway on objects of heavy missile system"Angara". The supporting infrastructure of the cosmodrome is being built. At the same time, the creation of promising launch vehicles of light, medium and heavy classes is being completed.

Space communications and remote sensing of the Earth

The Federal Space Program of Russia for 2006-2015 provides for the development and creation of a whole series of communication satellites on a modern technological basis. By the end of 2015, the domestic constellation of communication and broadcasting satellites will be almost completely renewed. The problem is that the electronic component base (ECB), which makes up 90% of each spacecraft, is highly dependent on foreign suppliers. Onboard relay complexes of communication satellites created in recent years are either entirely manufactured by foreign firms or created at industry enterprises based on foreign components. Therefore, the Federal Space Agency assumed the role of a system integrator and actual customer of the domestic industry of radiation-resistant ECB.

The direction of remote sensing of the Earth (ERS) from space that is in demand today includes hydrometeorology, cartography, the search for minerals, Information Support economic activity, detection and monitoring of emergency situations, environmental conditions, forecasting of earthquakes and other destructive natural phenomena. In order to meet these needs of Russia, an updated domestic remote sensing system will be created. A minimum required strength the constellation of its satellites should be 28 spacecraft, which is planned to be achieved within the next 7-10 years.

The development of the GLONASS navigation system will continue: the Glonass-M spacecraft are being replaced by a new generation of Glonass-K navigation devices with improved technical characteristics, which will expand the scope and improve the quality of navigation support. Work continues to promote GLONASS navigation services on the world market.

Scientific directions

Russia is also going to expand its efforts in the creation of scientific spacecraft for space exploration. In 2011, the Russian space radio telescope "Spektr-R" with an antenna with a diameter of 10 meters was successfully launched into orbit, it became the basis of the ongoing international project of radio interferometric research "RadioAstron". In the same 2011, the launch of the Phobos-Grunt interplanetary station ended in failure.

In the spring of 2013, the flight of the Bion-M1 apparatus took place with animals and microorganisms on board. During the flight, more than 70 experiments in the field of space biology, physiology and radiation biology were successfully performed. The launch of a new Russian scientific satellite, Foton-M, is due to take place in the near future, with the help of which the Russian program of microgravity studies of fluid physics, space technology and biotechnology will continue.

Finally, this year the MKA-FKI-RELEK small spacecraft will be launched, which is supposed to conduct experiments on the study of cosmic rays, as well as several technical experiments. The work on the ExoMars project is being intensively developed. Projects are being prepared for large astrophysical observatories of the Spektr-Spektr-RG and Spektr-UV series. Work continues on the creation of promising observatories Spektr-M (Millimetron) and GAMMA-400.

Pragmatism in the development and use of near-Earth orbits

Competition in the development and use of near-Earth orbits is intensifying today. Dmitry Olegovich notes: “On January 12, the Cygnus unmanned spacecraft docked to the ISS, delivering 1.5 tons of equipment, food and CubeSat satellites into low Earth orbit. The total carrying capacity of this ship is 2.7 tons. Our Progress-M is capable of lifting a little more than 2 tons into orbit. It is important that Cygnus, like its Antares launch vehicle, was created not by a state corporation, but by a small private American company Orbital Sciences, which employs only 4 thousand people. In addition, the Dragon spacecraft, created by SpaceX and capable of delivering 6 tons of cargo into orbit, flew to the ISS last year for the third time. In addition to the ships of these two companies and our Progress, the ATV launch vehicles of the European Space Agency (payload of 7.7 tons) and HTV of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (6 tons) act as unmanned cabs on the ISS.

But not only and not so much in the payload capacity. The Soyuz manned spacecraft and the Progress transporter are veterans of cosmonautics. SpaceX was founded in 2002. It employs 3800 employees. This is 12 times less than, for example, in the GKNPTs im. M. V. Khrunichev, where they assemble another veteran of the domestic space - the heavy Proton launch vehicle. For this reason, too, flights of domestic launch vehicles and ships are more expensive than those of our Western competitors. Comparison of the cost of space technology in Russia and China, in which the space program has been elevated to the rank of a state priority, is also not in our favor.”

According to the Deputy Prime Minister, space has practically ceased to be only a matter of pride and prestige of the state, having become an industry with its own rates of profitability, depreciation and profit. Therefore, all existing and prospective space programs should be considered through the prism of their profitability, including the program of scientific work on the Russian segment of the International Space Station. Russia seeks to increase economic efficiency manned flights, speed up (up to 1-2 years) the adaptation of ships to new tasks, shorten the development time for new modules, complete "prolonged space construction" and adapt to the needs of the customer.

Moon and deep space exploration

Also, Russia is going to seriously and for a long time to deal with the issue of the exploration of the moon. The first landings of a man on the moon are planned to be made in 2030, after which the deployment of a visited lunar base with a laboratory will begin. There, according to Mr. Rogozin, it is planned to place tools for studying the depths of the Universe, a laboratory for studying lunar minerals, meteorites, and pilot production of useful substances, gases, and water from regolith. Then test sites will be placed for the accumulation and transmission of energy over a distance, for testing new engines. The task, according to Mr. Rogozin, is grandiose, daunting and ambitious, but at the same time realizable. It will testify to the technological maturity of Russia, to the creation of a strategic intellectual and industrial reserve for future generations.

To explore the Moon, it is necessary to create a promising manned transport system based on a superheavy class rocket and a promising system of habitats. In addition, design work is underway to create powerful interorbital (interplanetary) tugs, without which the exploration of the Moon and the exploration of the planets of the solar system is impossible. The appearance of such means will make it possible not only to reach the Moon, but also to carry out flights to asteroids and Mars in the future. The moon can become an intermediate base in the exploration of deep space, solving scientific problems and problems such as combating the asteroid-comet danger to the Earth. The key areas of development within the framework of the national project "Study of deep space" will be the creation of nuclear power plants and plasma energy conversion technologies, the development of biotechnology, robotics and new materials.

As Dmitry Rogozin notes, most Russian scientists believe that the Moon is the most important object for fundamental scientific research. Its origin in many ways sheds light on the most difficult questions cosmogony: the birth of the solar system, its development and future. In addition, the Moon is the closest source of extraterrestrial matter, minerals, minerals, volatile compounds, and water. The moon is a natural platform for technological research and testing of new space technology. The opinion about the need to explore the Moon is also shared by the united Europe, China, Japan, and India.

“We do not position the task of flying to the moon as a program limited in time and resources. The moon is not an intermediate point in the distance, it is an independent and even self-sufficient goal. It is hardly expedient to make 10-20 flights to the Moon, and then, leaving everything behind, fly to Mars or asteroids. This process has a beginning, but no end: we are going to go to the moon forever. In addition, flights to Mars, to asteroids, in our view, not only do not contradict the exploration of the Moon, but in many ways imply this process, ” Rogozin stressed.

Cooperation with NASA

Due to events in Ukraine, cooperation Russian Federation and NASA turned out to be in doubt: the Americans announced sanctions, which, however, should not have affected joint work on the ISS (Russia has accumulated unique experience in this area). But now Roskosmos has reported that the position of the State Department on cooperation between Russia and NASA has softened a lot. Deputy Head of the Federal Space Agency Sergey Savelyev noted: “No damage has been done to international projects. It is possible to work in almost all areas of interaction between our agencies.”.

General characteristics of the activities of Roscosmos

Currently, the state corporation for space activities "Roscosmos" unites more than 90 organizations, 80% of which are joint-stock companies. They employ about 250 thousand people.

In 2016, the year of the 55th anniversary of the flight of Yuri Gagarin, the Year of Gagarin, was celebrated. This year was a continuation of the systemic reform of the Russian rocket and space industry, enterprises and organizations of the state corporation, which started in the fall of 2014. The main directions of the changes carried out in the space industry are the improvement of the quality of products, the financial recovery of enterprises and the renewal of production.

In 2016, the Government of the Russian Federation approved the Federal Space Program (hereinafter referred to as FSP) for 2016-2025, which determined the ways and directions of Russia's space activities for the next decade. All significant programs have been preserved - the development and production of new types of launch vehicles and the Federation manned transport spacecraft, international cooperation, including on the ISS, the development, production and launch of spacecraft for applied and fundamental scientific research.

In 2016, work continued to ensure the development of space activities and the rocket and space industry in Russia. The following tasks were solved:

formation and maintenance of the required composition of the orbital constellation of spacecraft;

introduction of domestic satellite navigation technologies and services using global navigation satellite system GLONASS;

improvement of the system for providing Earth remote sensing data (hereinafter referred to as remote sensing data) from space using Russian spacecraft (hereinafter referred to as SC) remote sensing data of high spatial resolution;

continuation of the implementation of programs of scientific and applied research and experiments at the International Space Station;

creation of scientific, technical and technological reserves on promising models of rocket and space technology;

modernization and maintenance of the Plesetsk and Baikonur cosmodromes, construction of the Vostochny cosmodrome.

A complex of organizational, scientific, technical and production and technological measures is being implemented, providing for measures to capital investment, including investment projects for the modernization of production facilities.

Over the past two years alone, more than 40 reconstruction and technical re-equipment facilities have been put into operation, including a completely renovated park technical equipment. In the medium term, it is planned to re-equip more than 160 facilities as part of the corporation's innovative development program.

Current programs of innovative development of leading enterprises - manufacturers of space technology (PJSC Rocket and Space Corporation Energia, Federal State Unitary Enterprise GKNPTs named after M.V. Khrunichev, JSC RCC Progress, JSC NPO Energomash named after Academician V.P. Glushko, JSC Information Satellite Systems named after Academician M.F. Reshetnev, JSC Russian Space Systems and others) are aimed, among other things, at a radical renewal of the technical fleet of production assets.

A personnel reserve of the rocket and space industry has been formed; criteria for selection and competencies of employees applying for managerial positions have been developed. In total, in 2016, 1320 applications were submitted from heads of various levels of organizations in the industry, and the commission will eventually select 200 people who will be trained at the established and successfully operating Corporate Academy of the Roscosmos State Corporation. In 2016, the first industry competition and the first corporate championship "Young Professionals of Roscosmos" were held according to WorldSkills standards. Also, new standards and methods of working with employees are being developed, formed and put into effect, where one of the important points is motivation for quality work.

The net profit of industry enterprises in 2016 amounted to 3.2 billion rubles, which is 56% higher than in 2015.

In 2016, Roskosmos, together with the Moscow Planetarium, carried out the “Bring Astronomy Back to Schools” campaign. An agreement has been reached with the Russian Ministry of Education and Science to return astronomy lessons to schools.

Key indicators

The main event of 2016 is the first launch from Russia's first civil cosmodrome Vostochny on April 28, 2016. The launch vehicle (hereinafter - LV) "Soyuz 2.1a" launched two spacecraft for scientific purposes and remote sensing - "Lomonosov" and "Aist-2D" into the specified orbits.

Currently, the state corporation Roscosmos is starting the second stage of the construction of the cosmodrome, primarily the creation of a launch complex for launching new, promising Angara launch vehicles.

In 2016, 19 launches were carried out in the interests of government and commercial customers. Under the ISS program, the State Corporation Roscosmos performed 7 launches from the Baikonur cosmodrome; 5 commercial launches were also carried out: 2 - from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, 1 - from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome and 2 - from the Guiana Space Center.

The unique products of the flagship engine-building enterprise of the state corporation Roscosmos JSC NPO Energomash continue to be in demand. So, in October 2016, the American launch vehicle Antares with Russian RD-181 engines produced by this enterprise was successfully launched.

As of the end of 2016, the orbital constellation of socio-economic, scientific and dual-purpose spacecraft included 84 satellites, including 27 satellites of the GLONASS system and 8 remote sensing satellites for natural resources and hydrometeorological purposes. The main characteristics of the GLONASS system (accuracy and availability) were consistently maintained throughout the year at a competitive level.

Development of the Earth remote sensing system

In 2016, a space system for remote sensing of the earth (ERS) was formed, consisting of three spacecraft "Resurs-P", taking this into account, provision of remote sensing data was provided to all federal authorities executive power and executive authorities of the subjects of the Federation. Work has begun on the commercial use of remote sensing data.

As part of the development of space infrastructure, Russia's first Arctic remote sensing data reception center was deployed in Murmansk. Work has begun on the deployment of a similar center in Antarctica at the Progress station.

Development of promising launch vehicles

For the successful promotion of Russia in the international space market of launch services, our country needs promising launch vehicles. Enterprises and design bureaus of the Roscosmos state corporation are developing projects for a heavy-lift missile system based on the Angara A5 launch vehicle and a super-heavy class for the lunar program (development of its draft design started in 2017). An agreement was reached with Kazakh partners on the creation of the Baiterek complex at the Baikonur Cosmodrome using a new promising Russian launch vehicle, the development of which is planned for 2018.

The State Corporation Roscosmos continues to introduce systems for monitoring and improving the quality of manufactured space technology at all enterprises and organizations of the rocket and space industry in Russia. The industry is shifting to digital design of space technology. The main goal in terms of quality and reliability is to reduce the accident rate of launch vehicles by 2020 by at least 1.5 times and increase the life of spacecraft by 25–30%.

In order to improve production efficiency and increase the competitiveness of the produced rocket and space technology, the State Corporation Roscosmos has developed and approved the standards of the production system. To start implementing the standards of the new production system, three flagship enterprises of the state corporation were selected: Federal State Unitary Enterprise GKNPTs im. M.V. Khrunichev” (hereinafter referred to as the Khrunichev Center), RSC Energia PJSC and NPO Energomash JSC.

International projects of Roscosmos

Within the framework of previously concluded intergovernmental agreements on the peaceful exploration and use of outer space, the State Corporation Roscosmos cooperated in 2016 with the following countries: Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Belgium, Bulgaria, Hungary, USA, Brazil, Argentina, Cuba, Nicaragua , Chile, China, India, the Republic of Korea, Indonesia, Vietnam, Australia, South Africa - as well as with the CIS countries: Kazakhstan, Belarus and Armenia.

In 2016, the State Corporation Roscosmos acted as the leading space agency under the International Charter on Space and Major Disasters.

Also in 2016, within the framework of international cooperation, the State Corporation Roscosmos solved the tasks of organizing, ensuring interaction and developing international cooperation with foreign space agencies, including the European Space Agency (hereinafter referred to as ESA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (hereinafter referred to as NASA), national coordinating bodies of foreign states and international organizations in the field of exploration and use of outer space.

In 2016, the Concept of further cooperation at the Baikonur complex, a joint program for the development of tourism infrastructure at Baikonur, a road map for the implementation of the Baiterek project for 2016–2025, and other intergovernmental and interdepartmental agreements were signed with the Kazakh side.

In 2016, the State Corporation Roscosmos prepared for the conclusion of intergovernmental agreements with Mexico, Peru, Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Malaysia, Mongolia, Ecuador, Angola and Algeria.

As part of international cooperation on the ISS program, the state corporation Roscosmos, together with the German Aerospace Center (DLR), signed an addendum to the framework agreement regarding the use of the ISS for research and experimental activities. Joint space experiments of the state corporation Roscosmos, ESA, NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) also continue. Thus, within the framework of the Kristallizator space experiment jointly with JAXA, results have been obtained that allow Russian scientists to work on the creation of a medical drug for the treatment of oncological diseases.

In 2016, the first Russian-American annual flight was successfully completed. Roscosmos cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko and NASA astronaut Scott Kelly worked on the ISS.

One of the high-profile international scientific projects is the ExoMars project, in which Russia is working together with colleagues from the European Space Agency. In March 2016, the Proton launch vehicle successfully launched the Russian-European ExoMars-2016 mission from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. The device successfully reached the orbit of Mars and began its work. On board the apparatus of the four devices - two Russian. The next stage of the mission is planned for implementation in 2020.

Employees of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "TsNIIMash", a research institute that is part of the state corporation "Roscosmos", have developed actual scenarios for flights to the Moon, combining the use of automatic and manned spacecraft, justified the design and technical requirements to promising manned space systems.

Roscosmos State Corporation is actively developing cooperation with foreign countries in the field of satellite navigation. The federal target program "Maintenance, development and use of the GLONASS system for 2012-2020" provides for the creation of a monitoring network that includes stations for functional additions to the GLONASS system for global high-precision determination of real-time navigation information for civilian consumers and for monitoring and confirming the characteristics of the GLONASS system . So, in 2016, a quantum-optical station was installed, designed for trajectory measurements of the movement of GLONASS satellites, and scheduled tests of the station's parameters began. The Sazhen-TM-BIS system located in South Africa became the second radio-laser complex of the foreign segment of the network of stations of the state corporation Roscosmos, created in the interests of the GLONASS system (the first complex of this type was installed and put into operation on July 14, 2014 in . Brasilia, Brazil). Preparations have been completed for the commissioning of the GLONASS measurement collection station in Nicaragua, the commissioning of which is scheduled for April 2017. An agreement was reached on the deployment of a unified station for collecting measurements of global navigation satellite systems on the territory of the Republic of Armenia.

In 2016, the State Corporation Roscosmos began developing a five-party international project to jointly use, in the interests of the BRICS countries, orbital constellations of Earth remote sensing satellites and related ground infrastructure, as well as to create a mechanism for the exchange of remote sensing data in the areas of studying climate change, protection from emergencies and protection environment. At present, the relevant draft five-party agreement is being coordinated with foreign partners.

Strategies for the development of research and production enterprises of the aerospace complex. innovative path Baranov Vyacheslav Viktorovich

2.2. Status and development prospects of the rocket and space industry in Russia

In the context of the globalization of the economy, the implementation of the priorities of the state innovation policy of the Russian Federation, including in the field of rocket and space industry. For Russia, as well as for other industrialized countries, the exploration and use of outer space has become an important resource for national development, a real improvement in the quality of people's lives.

The use of space systems for solving problems in such areas as communications, television and radio broadcasting, remote sensing of the Earth from space, navigation and cartography makes a significant contribution to the formation of a new economy based on the widespread use of information technologies. Market expansion space technologies, use of the results of space activities in environmental monitoring, disaster management and other areas human activity designed to improve the quality of life of the population of Russia.

The use of the results of space activities makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the implementation of priority national projects. So, for example, within the framework of the national project "Education" on the basis of space facilities, federal, regional and interregional systems of distance education and interactive learning, as well as systems for ensuring the safety of school transport, buildings and structures can be created. educational institutions. The results of space activities can be integrated into training courses that give an idea of ​​the possibilities of modern science and technology in solving urgent problems of the socio-economic development of society.

As part of the implementation of the national project "Affordable and Comfortable Housing", monitoring systems built on the basis of space information can be used to assess the condition of buildings and structures, ensure life safety, systems for energy saving, land use, urban planning and real estate accounting. For the national project "Development of the agro-industrial complex" on the basis of information from remote sensing of the Earth from space, navigation and other space systems can be created target system monitoring and management of agriculture.

Since 2006, the Federal Space Program for 2006–2015 has been implemented in Russia. This program is planned to carry out more than two dozen scientific projects. Among them are projects to create specialized spacecraft equipped with target complexes scientific equipment. In addition, the program involves the additional installation of domestic scientific equipment, firstly, on Russian spacecraft, the launch of which ensures the solution of important national economic problems, and secondly, on foreign scientific spacecraft.

A feature of the Federal Space Program of Russia is that it provides for the implementation of scientific space projects with the maximum use of unified space platforms. These platforms, being the main components of spacecraft, must create all the necessary conditions for the operation of the payload, including equipment for scientific research, remote sensing of the Earth, radio communications, etc.

The modular technology for creating a space platform will minimize the costs and time required to adapt the platform's capabilities for use as part of various types of spacecraft. At the same time, an important role is assigned to the use of a unified platform for small spacecraft. At present, such a platform has already been developed, and at the expense of extrabudgetary funds. Within the framework of the project “Small Spacecraft for Fundamental Space Research”, it is planned to implement a program of research on solar-terrestrial relations, observations of small bodies of the solar system, and experiments in the field of astrophysics.

Federal Space Program of Russia for 2006–2015 provides for reliable operation and further development orbital constellation of spacecraft for socio-economic purposes, including communication and television broadcasting devices. The successful operation of the Resurs-DK1 spacecraft for remote sensing of the Earth continues. The commissioning of this apparatus marked the beginning of the creation of a qualitatively new orbital constellation of the space monitoring system of the Earth.

In order to increase the constellation of remote sensing of the Earth, specialists in the Russian rocket and space industry performed R&D on the creation of the Kanopus-V, Meteor-M, and Electro-L spacecraft. They make it possible to obtain the necessary meteorological data, quickly detect natural and man-made disasters, warn about forest fires in a timely manner, etc. During the successful flight of the Foton-M automatic laboratory, together with European partners, experiments were carried out in the field of space materials science and biology.

Regular flights of Soyuz TMA spacecraft and Progress transport spacecraft to the International Space Station (ISS) are part of the manned flight program. In addition, specialists from the domestic rocket and space complex are working to create new modules for the Russian segment of the ISS.

The key to the sustainable development of the Russian rocket and space complex lies in a modern ground-based test base. Within the framework of the Federal Space Program for 2006-2015. She's in for a major upgrade. Tests of elements of the Angara launch vehicle, including fire tests of engines for this launch vehicle, flight tests of the Soyuz-2 launch vehicle, as well as the creation and testing of new upper stages and transport modules, testify to the still high innovative potential Russian rocket and space complex. This is also evidenced by the results of modernization at the Baikonur Cosmodrome of the launch and technical complexes of the Proton, Soyuz, Zenit-M, Cyclone-2 launch vehicles, technical complexes of spacecraft for scientific and socio-economic purposes.

International cooperation between enterprises and organizations of the Russian rocket and space complex is developing. As part of the national program for fundamental space research, Russian scientists are working with the Konus-A instrument, which is a gamma-ray burst spectrometer, which is installed on board the American Wind spacecraft. Also used are the Rim-Pamela magnetic spectrometer of electrons, protons and antiparticles, which is part of the Resurs-DK spacecraft, as well as the OMEGA and SPIKA-M instruments, designed to study the atmosphere of planets aboard the European Mars-Express spacecraft, "Mimas" and "Mimas-2" and US spacecraft Mars Exploration Rovers. A planetary Fourier spectrometer is successfully used on board the European station "Venera-Express".

Works on the manufacture of the domestic astrophysical observatory "Spektr-Radioastron" have been completed. The development of the research apparatus "Koronas-Photon" is nearing completion. Active work is underway to create an interplanetary station "Phobos-Grunt".

The largest project is still the ISS. Russia is actively involved in the construction and operation of the station. Strategically important for the Russian rocket and space complex is the Soyuz project at the Guiana Space Center (GCC). This project provides for the creation of ground infrastructure at the cosmodrome in French Guiana and launches from it of the Russian Soyuz-ST launch vehicle adapted to the conditions of the GCC. The first launch of Soyuz-ST is scheduled for next year. In the medium term, the portfolio of orders will amount to 20 launches. Enterprises of the Russian rocket and space industry, in particular TsSKB-Progress, and a number of other enterprises are actively involved in the implementation of the project.

The Russian-French Ural program is being successfully implemented to develop technologies that will be used in the creation of Russian-European launch vehicles. There is also a joint project with the European Space Agency (ESA) to create a Russian manned transport system. The research program implemented within the framework of this project is designed for 18 months.

One of the promising areas of cooperation with the European Center for Space Research and Technology (ESTEC) is the development of international standards for processing and transmitting data onboard spacecraft systems using the Space Wire technology.

Hopes are pinned on the international programs "Sea Launch", in which, apart from Russia, Norway, the USA and Ukraine participate; "Ground launch" with the participation of Russia and Ukraine, as well as a program for the dissemination of a civilian signal using the global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) for users in foreign countries.

An important international program is the development of the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, which has actually become international. Russia plans to use it jointly with Kazakhstan, which will provide it high efficiency. Important for the Russian rocket and space complex are partnerships with the Chinese National Space Administration, as well as with the countries of the Caribbean and Latin America– Brazil, Cuba, Venezuela, Argentina and other states. One of the new facets of international cooperation in space was the attempt by national space agencies to jointly solve the global problem of the asteroid-comet hazard.

Increasing the composition and capabilities of the orbital constellation involves the full-scale deployment of the GLONASS system with the widespread introduction of ground-based navigation equipment. Russian system GLONASS has a number of advantages over similar foreign systems. Thus, Russian navigation satellites are better visible from the polar regions, which is very important for the successful development of deposits and the start of hydrocarbon production on the shelf of the northern seas.

However, the effectiveness of satellite navigation largely depends on the readiness of the "terrestrial" segment of the rocket and space complex for its active use. Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate the work on maintaining, developing and using the GLONASS system. Currently, these works are coordinated by the Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos).

Enterprises of the rocket and space industry have developed samples of navigation equipment for users of the system, produced the first batches of a device that combines the reception of signals from both GLONASS and GPS navigation systems, created GLONASS ground equipment devices, as well as digital navigation maps. Thus, all the prerequisites for the use of satellite navigation in solving important national economic problems have been formed.

It is assumed that by 2011 the constellation of navigation satellites will be brought up to the nominal number of 30 spacecraft. Starting from 2010, it is planned to start in-orbit flight tests of the GLONASS-K spacecraft with an extended period of operation in space up to ten years. If all ground facilities are put into operation, then the accuracy parameters of GLONASS will approach the accuracy of the GPS system.

As part of the development of the Federal Space Program, the Fundamentals of the Policy of the Russian Federation in the field of space activities for the period up to 2020 and beyond have been adopted. This document marks a qualitatively new stage in the development of the domestic rocket and space industry. Among the modern projects is the creation of a new promising manned transport space system, means for the exploration and exploration of the Moon, Mars and other planets and objects of the Universe.

The strengthening of the Russian economy in the pre-crisis period and the new financial opportunities opened up in connection with this allowed the industry to develop steadily. The forecast of the dynamics of this development made it possible for Russia to participate in international space cooperation on an equal footing with the leading industrialized countries of the world. Now, in the situation of the global financial crisis, the industry is in dire need of government support and funding. Thus, the country's budget for 2009, adjusted according to the results of the first post-crisis months, does not imply a reduction in spending on the development of Russia's rocket and space industry. In 2009, 82 billion rubles will be allocated to support the domestic rocket and space industry. 16 leading enterprises of the industry will receive financial support.

For the sustainable development of the domestic rocket and space industry, Russia needs guaranteed access to outer space. The industry is solving a large-scale task of deploying a new cosmodrome in the east of the country. The Federal Space Agency has already considered the investment project prepared for this, in particular, the results of the system design of the cosmodrome were recognized as positive. Based on the approved project, a working documentation spaceport construction. The implementation of this project requires not only the construction of a new cosmodrome, which will determine the perspective Russian cosmonautics, but also the solution of a complex of interrelated scientific, technical and economic problems. The priority among them is the choice of the optimal fleet of launch vehicles, as well as the determination specifications new manned spacecraft.

An important area of ​​activity for enterprises and organizations in the rocket and space industry is the advance build-up of the composition, quality and capabilities of the Russian orbital constellation. To do this, a forecast is being developed for the composition and capabilities of a promising orbital constellation until 2020. The forecast is based on the use of completely new or deeply modernized spacecraft with characteristics at the level of the best foreign analogues.

The implementation of this forecast will further expand Russia's presence in the world market for spacecraft and services. This applies not only to launch services for the launch of foreign spacecraft and cargo, but also to a significant increase in Russia's share in the world market for high-tech developments and services, including communications, navigation, hydrometeorological monitoring, remote sensing of the Earth, etc.

To solve these problems, it is necessary to develop and implement a set of interrelated measures to build up human resources and deep technological modernization of the rocket and space industry. The aggravation of competition in the world market of space services dictates the need for a radical renewal of the machine park of enterprises in the industry and the development of new technologies for the production of rocket and space technology.