For those who love animals and want to devote their lives to caring for them, it is worth looking at such a specialty as a livestock breeder, who is it, what duties he will have to perform - we will consider further.
What do you need to know about the profession?
Animal husbandry is understood as a type of activity related to the cultivation of agricultural and other.
Most often this will be necessary for:
- getting food;
- obtaining raw materials intended for the production of clothing or footwear;
- applications as transport;
- for use as guards.
These and many other tasks can face livestock breeders.
In addition, the specialist will need to be able to:
- create conditions that will be acceptable for keeping animals;
- promote their reproduction;
- increase in product quality and overall productivity;
- it is necessary to control compliance with certain standards and promptly discard those with deviations;
- contribute to the timely provision of veterinary care and the treatment of various diseases, the reception of childbirth.
Where can work?
A livestock specialist will be in demand in agricultural, fur farms, and nurseries.
Animal breeders can choose where they work. This could be the following industry:
- fur farming, which involves the breeding of fur-bearing animals;
- in poultry farming;
- beekeeping;
- fish farming;
- dog breeding.
Wherever a livestock breeder works, he will have to perform certain duties.
The main task of all livestock breeders is the careful care of animals.
All other tasks will follow from this:
- preparation and distribution of feed;
- top dressing with vitamins and minerals;
- carrying out activities for cleaning cages and premises, washing and disinfection;
- production and repair of cages and houses in which animals live;
- can engage in walking or grazing animals entrusted to him;
- monitors animals, providing timely assistance to sick or weakened animals;
- selects for breeding;
- selects animals for mating;
- engaged in breeding young animals;
- timely rejects animals for their slaughter.
Job responsibilities will depend on the qualifications and experience of the specialist. In addition, he must be able to work with those animals that he was hired to look after.
Important qualities of a specialist
In order to fulfill their duties, the specialist will need to possess the following qualities:
- to love animals;
- must possess and be able to use knowledge related to zoology;
- good to know all the features, as well as the characteristics certain types animals to be cared for;
- should know the main diseases that wards can suffer from;
- be responsible for the commitments made;
- be attentive and observant. These qualities can help him notice the slightest changes in the behavior of animals in a timely manner and take action;
- be patient and kind to animals;
- have physical and emotional endurance.
Now you know about such a profession as a livestock breeder who he is, what duties he must perform.
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Animal husbandry is the breeding of farm animals in order to obtain food, raw materials for the manufacture of clothing, use them as transport, for protection and other purposes.
The first livestock breeders appeared a very, very long time ago, when ancient people began to domesticate wild animals and birds. However, since then, no more than 25 species have been truly tamed. Only those animals, birds and insects that are able to bear offspring in captivity can be called domestic.
What is the main activity of the breeder, it is clear from the name of his profession. This is animal breeding. Accordingly, he must create all conditions for maintaining the health of animals, increasing their numbers and increasing productivity. Breeders make sure that their wards meet the requirements and standards of their breed. If necessary, this specialist provides assistance in the diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases.
There are several branches of animal husbandry, depending on what representatives of the fauna these specialists have to deal with: fur farming (fur animals), poultry farming, beekeeping, fish farming, dog breeding and others.
The main duty of a livestock breeder is to take care of the animals. He prepares and distributes food to the animals. Depending on the condition of the pets, it adds vitamins and minerals there. The livestock breeder cleans, washes and disinfects the premises, cages and houses in which animals are kept. According to the rules, this specialist carries out walking or grazing animals.
Every day he monitors the condition of his wards. Identifying sick individuals, provides them with first aid. In addition, he participates in the implementation of preventive measures to prevent the death of animals.
The livestock breeder participates in the selection of animals for the tribe, selects pairs for breeding. He raises young and selects individuals for slaughter.
However, the duties of a livestock breeder largely depend on the experience of his work and the types of animals with which he deals.
Veterinary Qualification: Specialty
Entrance exams:
1. Mathematics/Chemistry;
2. Russian language;
3. Biology.
Duration of study: on the basis of 11th grade 5 years.
Qualification: Training Specialist...
Persons with higher education based on competition.
Recruitment for postgraduate and graduate studies is carried out by...
Persons with higher education enter postgraduate studies on the basis of a competition.
Form of education: Full-time, part-time.
Recruitment and graduate studies are carried out ...
Entrance exams:
1. Mathematics/Chemistry;
2. Russian language;
3. Biology.
Duration of study: 4-5 years, depending on the form of study.
Qualification: Bakala...
Crop production is one of the most important industries of the Russian economy, which provides about 2% of GDP and provides more than half of the food on the tables and in refrigerators of Russians. In addition, crop production is a key supplier of livestock feed and raw materials for some industries. Finally, growing cultivated plants is a huge sector in the labor market, which is of great importance in countryside.
Labor resources in crop production in Russia
The number of persons employed in agriculture Russia, has steadily declined over the past two decades and has now reached less than 6 million people. Of these, only about half work directly at agricultural enterprises, the rest are engaged in the processing of agricultural products.
Accurate statistics on exactly how many workers are employed directly in crop production probably do not exist, since many farms combine plant growing with animal breeding. At the same time, part of the personnel is involved in both segments, that is, the professions in animal husbandry and crop production intersect. In addition, the calculations are complicated by the fact that in crop production, some types of work (for example, harvesting) are often entrusted to seasonal workers who are not employed by the enterprise.
However, the stubborn decline in the number of people employed in agriculture in Russia has been largely at the expense of crop production professions. This industry was actively modernized, during which manual labor was increasingly replaced by mechanical one. Even the picking of fruits and berries is gradually being transferred from manual harvesting to harvesting with the help of special combines. Also, the decrease in the number of workers in crop production was significantly affected by the decrease in sown areas in Russia.
It is important to note that all of the above does not apply to small farms (including illegal ones), which today provide a significant part of vegetables, fruits and berries grown in Russia. According to the most rough estimates, about 700 thousand - 1 million people are employed in this segment
Structure of employment in crop production
All professions related to crop production can be divided into production and administrative support staff. As it is not difficult to guess production personnel are those people who are directly involved in the production of products or maintenance of production processes. These are tractor drivers, combine operators, agronomists, etc. Management and support personnel include all those who are engaged in the general management of the enterprise and other non-production tasks. In addition to directors and purchasing / sales managers, this includes secretaries, accountants, drivers, canteen workers, cleaners, etc.
Also in crop production, the practice of using temporary or seasonal workers is quite common, which at certain production stages can make up a significant part of the labor resource of the enterprise. Unskilled personnel are hired for seasonal work (usually harvesting), so they do not have an agricultural profession as such. It is quite another matter - permanent workers who are on the staff of the enterprise all year round and have certain qualifications allowing them to perform more complex and responsible types of work. This includes all the main professions of crop production - agronomists, tractor drivers, combine operators, etc.
Structure labor resources enterprises are very dependent on various factors (specialization and size of the farm, climatic conditions in which they operate, the technological level of the enterprise, etc.) However, with rough calculations, we can say that the production staff in crop farms is about 85% , of which 75% are permanent workers.
As for farms, the structure of their labor resources is rather peculiar. First, their staff is rarely strictly divided into positions and professions. As a rule, workers do a little bit of everything depending on what needs to be done in this moment. Secondly, very often farming is family business, in which members of the same family are employed, which makes it meaningless to build classical labor relations in the format "administrative staff - ordinary workers". Accordingly, the professions of people who are engaged in crop production according to this scheme also do not lend themselves to the usual classification.
Brief overview of the main professions
In crop production, there are a huge number of different professions and specialties, so it is not possible to list them all within the framework of this article. We will consider only the most popular professions in Russia:
- agronomist,
- seed grower,
- tractor/combine driver
- agricultural machinery repairman
- reclamation engineer,
- soil scientist,
- agrochemist.
Agronomist - main man at an agricultural enterprise in matters of plant growing technology. He is responsible for organizing the production of all crops, developing a system of crop rotation, fertilization and the use of other agricultural practices. His responsibilities include drawing up crop cultivation maps, work plans. In other words, it is the agronomist who manages everything production process, therefore, he is required to have knowledge of general biological disciplines, agriculture, crop production, agrochemistry, land reclamation, the basics of breeding and seed production, general economy industries. Agronomists are graduated from higher educational institutions of agricultural profile.
The seed grower is also one of the the most important professions people in crop production. He works under the guidance of an agronomist and prepares seeds for sowing, treating them with special chemicals to fight diseases and insects. Also, the duties of a seed grower include caring for plants, supervising the work of threshing, cleaning and drying seeds. It is also entrusted with the functions of preparing storages and containers for storing seeds. For the profession of a seed grower, as well as for an agronomist, knowledge of general biological disciplines, agriculture, crop production, agrochemistry, land reclamation, the basics of selection and seed production is necessary. Professions of seed growing are taught in higher educational institutions agricultural profile.
Tractor drivers perform a significant part of the field work in modern crop production, driving wheeled and tracked tractors with attachments. In a circle official duties tractor driver includes plowing and cultivating fields, sowing, fertilizing, spraying pesticides, and performing other work in the field. A tractor driver must not only be able to drive a tractor and attachments, but also be able to carry out locksmith and repair work to quickly eliminate minor equipment breakdowns in the field. Although the harvester is very different in design and purpose from the tractor, at many enterprises harvesting with the help of the combine is also done by ordinary tractor operators. Specialists of this profession are trained in vocational schools, colleges and other educational institutions of this level. At the same time, the practice of training directly at the enterprise is widespread.
A mechanic for the repair of agricultural machinery and machines is not directly involved in the production of crop products. However, no serious crop farm can do without one or more of these specialists. The locksmith is engaged in repair and current maintenance agricultural machinery and equipment (tractors, combines, plows, cultivators, seeders, etc.) To perform this work, you need to be well versed in modern agricultural machinery, including electronics. Such specialists are trained at vocational schools, as well as at agricultural universities.
Slightly less popular in Russia are such professions of people engaged in crop production as an reclamation engineer, a soil scientist and an agrochemist.
The reclamation engineer is responsible for preparing the fields for irrigation, under his supervision the maintenance of sprinkler installations is carried out. In order to properly organize the irrigation system, it is necessary to know geodesy, the ability to read relief topographic maps, and determine the slopes of the terrain. Land reclamation engineers are trained in engineering and agricultural universities.
A soil scientist examines the characteristics of soils in crop fields, determines the natural processes that affect the state of the soil, prepares recommendations regarding the use of certain parts of the field (which crops are better to grow, how to increase fertility, how best to combat erosion, etc.) Soil scientists are trained in agricultural universities.
The agrochemist directs the implementation of measures to increase crop yields, under his supervision the agrochemical laboratory of the farm determines the optimal plant varieties for the area and the fertilizer application system. It requires knowledge of general biological disciplines, chemistry, the basics of breeding and seed production. Universities graduate agricultural chemists.
Lapbook "All about the profession of a livestock breeder"
1. Riddles about village workers.
2. The game "Professions in animal husbandry"
3. Game "Find Mom"
6. "Continue the proverb"
7. Game "Collect the picture"
8. The game "Guessing"
1. Riddles about village workers.
They feed us every day
They are not too lazy to get up at three in the morning,
Without their care and skill
The cute cows would be gone.
Their work is hard and honorable,
Everyone deserves high awards.
Not afraid of any work
Our humble (livestock breeders)
Who can't do without
Turn around, don't turn around
Not bulls and not calves,
Not cows, pigs,
A penguin or a rook fell ill
Ours will heal everyone ... (veterinarian)
Early in the morning on your feet
And all the poor in business!
Then calculate the entire diet,
That meat, milk to hand over,
Put things in order everywhere, bring reports on time,
and with peace of mind
Wait for the result again great!
They are milkers, feeders and technicians...
Everything must be dealt with...
(zootechnics)
Skill unites them all,
Everyone respects them for this,
Anyone can be replaced
And everywhere and everyone will help.
In mechanization, in animal husbandry - commanders,
The most responsible people! Your…
(foremen)
They are for mother - earth - parents,
And bread - the main connoisseurs!
They disk, sow, plow, harvest,
And then (from the word "sweat") each ear is watered
In their cars, like operators at the console,
Working in the fields ... (mechanics)
Seemingly stern and businesslike,
The soul hurts for every screw, where to buy, what to sort out,
What technique to bring
What if we count everything?
That's where the millionaire is!
Your most important ... (engineer)
The specialist is great!
Management knows personally.
From morning to night on the field
There is no peace for anyone!
Workers respect:
Remove stones from the fields
Sow, plow, harrow,
In general, they don’t sit idle,
What is it about now?
Well, of course ... (agronomist)
I'll tell you no secret
He has authority!
Sensitivity and dedication
Competence and more
Loyalty to the word and skill
Give the exact solution
To select the correct path,
Go ahead and don't turn back!
Whole household he's the driver
Responsible ... (head)
2. Game - "Professions of the village" (professions are called, and children find and show illustrations)
3. Game "Find Mom" - you need to find animals and their cubs.
4. Mini-book on the topic: "The history of the appearance of the first livestock breeder"
Animal husbandry is a very ancient craft of mankind, it appeared after hunting. Man decided to make some animals domestic. This is how the first livestock breeders appeared. Taming and domestication of animals began 15-20 thousand years ago.
Domestic chickens began to breed 4 thousand years ago. During this time, they have become very different from their ancestors - wild chickens. At present, in the forests of India, there are wild banking chickens - the ancestors of domestic chickens. The voice of these birds was shrill. They shouted in the evening, seeing the sun off, and at dawn they bawled again. Ancient people decided that these birds wake up the sun. They called these birds sunny and brought them home. Solar birds were then very respected, they were afraid to kill and eat them. They were cared for and well fed. The birds got bigger and fatter and laid more and more eggs. Gradually they became domestic.
It is known that the ancestors of cows were animals similar to them - ancient tours. Once upon a time there were large ferocious tours on earth. The aurochs were hunted for their delicious meat. 400 years ago, the last female of the wild tour was destroyed on a hunt. It was impossible to accustom the tour - they raised the hunter on the horns along with the horse. Sometimes the hunters brought home little turds. From them our cows came. Over the years, they became quiet, grazed near the house in a green meadow, ceased to be afraid of man. They gave very little milk. So little that it was considered a medicine and a delicacy. It was supposed to be drunk, diluted with water. People took care of the cows, fed them well, and the cows gave more and more milk..
Domestic horses are the descendants of the wild Przewalski horse and the tarpan, which was found in the steppes of Europe at the beginning of the last century. The Przhevalsky horse was discovered more than 100 years ago in the deserts of Central Asia by the Russian traveler N.M. Przhevalsky. Horses have long been bred and used for transporting goods, riding, performing various works. With the development of transport, the appearance of powerful agricultural machines in the fields, horses have lost their former importance.
Immediate relatives domestic pig- a wild boar. The ancestors of domestic sheep are considered wild sheep - mouflons and argali. Domestic geese are descended from a wild gray goose.
5. Mini-book on the topic: "The work of a livestock breeder."
A livestock breeder is a specialist who provides care for animals (breeding, feeding, rearing). What is his task? Breeding animals so that they can meet all the requirements and standards of their breed. Another task of the owner of this profession is to increase the viability and productivity of animals. It often happens that a livestock breeder assists in the diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases. Such a person should be a caring friend of animals. In their condition, irreparable changes are possible, and the livestock breeder must warn about this process in time. And most importantly, without whichbreeder cannot exist as a worthy specialist - this is love for nature. Previously, manual labor prevailed in the work of livestock breeders. Now, many labor-intensive processes are performed by mechanisms for them. They prepare and distribute food to animals, clean livestock buildings, milk cows, and shear sheep. Millions of milkmaids, pigs, horse breeders, sheep breeders, livestock specialists, veterinarians and people of other professions work in animal husbandry.
6. "Continue the proverb"
7. Game "Collect a picture" (collect an illustration)
8. Game "Guess", which contains puzzles, crosswords of the game "Find the Differences".
Preview:
Lapbook "All about the profession of a livestock breeder"
There are many professions in the world,
And they are very important to all of us:
Doctor, teacher, plumber, professor,
Engineer, acrobat and worker.
All professions are very different.-
It's hard to make a choice sometimes.
Interesting and dangerous
They can become fate for someone.
To make a lapbookI used a folder for drawing, which I glued with self-adhesive. And this is what I got:
And this is how it looks inside:
On the first page there are riddles about rural workers, a game called "professions of the village" (I name the professions, and the children find and show illustrations) and the game "find a mother".
In the center there are mini-books on the topics: "The history of the appearance of the first breeder" and behind the photographs is hidden "The work of the breeder".
Well, on the third page there are games "Collect the picture", "Guessing game", in which there are puzzles, crossword puzzles and games "Find differences", "Continue the proverb".
Specialties: breeding and fattening of cattle, pig breeding technology, sheep / goat breeding, rabbit breeding, fur farming (fur breeds), poultry farming
Specializations: cattle breeding, pig breeding, sheep breeding, poultry breeding, rabbit breeding, horse breeding
Required Education(level of education, type of educational institution):
Initial vocational (machine milking operator, adjuster of livestock equipment - drinking, milking, feed dispensing, harvesting, etc. automatic machines with CNC, operator of automatic machines for cleaning a livestock complex, feed distributor, fodder preparer, cattleman - vocational school of an agrotechnical profile or livestock breeding courses, or training directly at workplace;
Secondary special (livestock specialist in the chosen specialization) - any livestock college, or agricultural (agrotechnical, agro-industrial) college (technical school) in any of the livestock specialties
Higher (zooengineer, livestock complex manager) - any agricultural (agro-industrial) institute (academy), or university (institute, academy) in any livestock specialty or in the specialty "management and management of a livestock enterprise".
Specific abilities necessary for the successful development of the profession:
No special abilities are required. However, it is necessary to have good health, to endure long-term work, including physical stress, without much effort and to love the earth, animals, and not be prone to allergies to animals and plants.
Major subjects of the school curriculum and additional education:
Biology, physical education, life safety*, geography, chemistry, physics, Latin*
A noble cause is akin to that of ordinary farmers, vegetable growers, purveyors and all those who feed the country; stable nature of work, high demand for the profession in rural areas, life in nature, the opportunity to create your own exemplary utility animal husbandry, the upward trend in wages in the industry.
"Pitfalls", its obvious disadvantages;
The work is nervous, often associated with extreme situations, the working day is ragged, often irregular, and labor is not always adequately paid; a high percentage of the dependence of labor results on the weather and the epidemic situation, the hardships of rural everyday life, low probability of finding interesting work specialty in the city, the risk of infection from sick animals
Possible occupational diseases : musculoskeletal system, allergic, osteochondrosis - low probability
Salary fork(in rubles per month) *
In Moscow: mainly in nurseries and zoological gardens - 15,000 - 35,000 (finding a job is difficult)
In large regional centers: the same - 10,000 - 20,000 (it is difficult to find a job without traveling outside the city)
In the outback of Russia: 8,000 - 15,000
And this profession is for those who love animals. And not just pets, but animals that feed and clothe us. Briefly about the case of a livestock breeder is described in an article about a farmer who, as they say, is "of all trades out of boredom." But unlike a farmer, a simple livestock breeder, like an agronomist (and other specialists described in this section), is not involved in the construction of a peasant (farm) economy, or in the search for buyers of products, or in reports to tax office nor the purchase or procurement of animal feed. And in order to use his knowledge and experience of a livestock breeder in his work, he needs to get a job in a ready-made, working agricultural enterprise of a livestock profile.
But unlike an agronomist, livestock breeders are both with a diploma and "self-taught". It’s just that a man came to the farm and began to take care of cows (pigs, etc.) or birds (chickens, ducks, ostriches, etc.), or even fur-bearing animals (foxes, arctic foxes - this branch of animal husbandry is called fur farming). A livestock breeder with a diploma in this case will give qualified tasks to a livestock breeder without a diploma: when and how to give food to animals, how to prepare this food, how many times a day and how to clean the places where animals are kept, and so on. If a livestock breeder without a diploma works on a meat and dairy farm (with cows), then such an employee is usually called cattleman. He not only feeds the animals and rakes their manure out of the farm, but also periodically cleans the animals themselves. This also applies to work with artiodactyls. But the name of such a position is usually different - pigger, pig. You already smiled. But there is nothing funny in this name, in any case, in the village it would never occur to anyone that the word “pig farmer” can cheer someone up. And if you tell someone in the village that the pig smells bad, you will immediately be told "but the ham and ham smell very tasty."
But if you are such a sissy, and even opposed to killing "poor" animals, we advise you to specialize in horse breeding. Horse meat in Russia (with the exception of Bashkiria and Tatarstan) is eaten in small quantities, and horses are bred mainly for use as farm animals. In addition, border guards, tourists and athletes still need these beautiful and kind friends of man. And in order to take care of horses, it is not necessary to live in the village: stables and stud farms (where new breeds of horses are bred) exist in cities, even in regional centers.
But let’s say right away: the need for horse breeding specialists, even just horse breeders without a diploma, today in Russia is many times less than the need for specialists in cattle, pigs, goats and sheep, as well as rabbits, nutrias, other fur-bearing animals and different birds. Poultry farms are developing at an unprecedented pace, most of which are located not far from the city limits. Moreover, there are serious prospects in the field of breeding ostriches, which, strange as it may seem, are quite easily adapted to Russian frosts, continuing even in winter (of course, in a warm room) to lay giant eggs. True, working with ostriches requires special care and courage, otherwise, if the hour is uneven, you will receive such a kick from an impudent bird that, what good, you will end up in the hospital. But here who does it. Some are butted by cows (as it seems to these people), and geese are nibbling, and turkeys are pecking. You, I hope, are not so clumsy in handling animals that they attack you?
But in poultry farming (primarily it concerns chicken farms) to bird diseases ( bird flu- only one of many life-threatening animals) there is also the threat of a mass death in the event of a sudden power outage at the poultry farm for several hours in a row, because without forced ventilation in the chicken fattening shops, this bird, not accustomed to moving, instantly falls asleep forever.
Well, here, it seems, we have told enough about livestock breeders. Forgotten, perhaps, about shepherd. But, as it seems to us, this profession is so specific and requires such dedication (after all, being a shepherd means, in fact, leading a nomadic lifestyle away from settlements), which can hardly be called mass. People most often become shepherds, as it were, by inheritance. That is, close relatives lead to this profession. Although, of course, there are also among the shepherds those who, having entered a veterinary institute or college at one time, thought of treating pets, but, having got into practice in a sheep farm, “became attached” to sheep. By the way, modern shepherds are increasingly striving to get a veterinary education. A shepherd needs not only to be able to receive newborn lambs, but also to treat animals. After all, in the remote steppe, where large flocks often go to graze, you can’t get help from anywhere quickly. Yes, you have to pay to call the vet. Plus, the shepherd must have excellent health and be also a fearless person. Anything can happen in the steppe. Wolves are just one of the dangers. Much worse than wolves are ordinary robbers.
The same qualities should be reindeer breeder . But this specialty in animal husbandry is even more attached to the dynasties leading their lineage from time immemorial. In order to find oneself in it, so as not to escape one day from the tundra or taiga, it seems to us that one must either have family roots in the places of reindeer grazing (simply, be born an Evenk or other representative of the northern peoples), or be a person not of this world.
How do people usually get into animal husbandry? Dispel the sweet smoke of romance right away. Love for domestic kitties, dogs, ferrets, etc. this is clearly not enough. Born citizens, accustomed to city life from childhood, rarely become livestock breeders. Love for calves, piglets and ducklings is usually formed in a person from school. Most of the current livestock breeders in their school years after school ran to their parents on the farm in order to tinker a little with the calves, they are so cute. But if their urban peers, when they come to the countryside for holidays, are usually simply moved by looking at calves and piglets, then future livestock breeders get used to cleaning up after them, cleaning them, bringing food. This is hard routine work, which also requires a special attitude towards animals, which (the livestock breeder is clearly aware of this) are often raised for ... meat.
Do you want to become a livestock farmer? Do not run away from the village to the city? Then it makes sense to enter the appropriate college or institute after school. Learn better in all subjects. And most importantly - do not neglect physical education and sports. Physical strength and endurance is very useful to the breeder.
