The administration of the Zelenodolsk plant named after Gorky announced that for the period from 2019 to 2021, the enterprise planned the construction of five small missile ships of the project 22800 Karakurt corvette type. Three more ships are supposed to be produced at the Pella Leningrad shipbuilding plant, and another one will be built at the facilities of the Feodosia More shipbuilding plant. Three more small missile ships will be built by the Pella and More enterprises.
The construction sites for another six ships have not yet been decided. Thus, the Black Sea, Baltic and Pacific fleets will receive a worthy replenishment of eighteen small missile ships of the Karakurt type. The first of them, a patrol ship with the name "Hurricane", it is possible that it will appear in service with the Black Sea Fleet within the next year. Subsequent ships have also already been called no less formidable names - "Typhoon", "Squall" and "Storm"
Project 22800 small rocket ship "Karakurt"
Small missile ships of the Karakurt type were developed by the St. Petersburg Almaz Design Bureau - the Central Marine Design Bureau as an alternative version of the ships in the Buyan-M project 21631. This project was created only five years earlier by the Zelenodolsk design bureau. Accordingly, the construction of these Buyans is also carried out by the Zelenodolsk enterprise. The Caspian Flotilla and the Black Sea Fleet already have five such ships. In addition, four more are under construction. It was planned that the Buyans would be built in quantities of up to ten units. Due to the fact that Karakurt was preferred, the last ninth small missile ship of project 21631 began to be assembled in April 2019. Eight months later, Karakurt was also put into production.
Unique RTOs of the new generation of project 22800
As for the strike weapons of these two boats, they are approximately the same. The patrol ship of the same class "Hurricane" has almost the same characteristics. The displacement of both boats is not too large, however, "Buyan-M" is considered a ship of the "river-sea" class. He feels confident both in the Volga mouths and in the waters of the Caspian Sea. However, with its low seaworthiness, even the expanses of the relatively small Black Sea will turn out to be too big. "Karakurt" was designed as a ship for operations in open maritime theaters.
How a disadvantage became an advantage of Russian industry
Not so long ago, another flaw was added to this project. Due to the imposition of sanctions against the Russian state by Western countries, the German manufacturer of engines for Buyans decided to stop further cooperation and refused to provide us with engines. But they quickly found a replacement. Zelenodolsk shipbuilders began to purchase similar 16-cylinder engines from the Kolomna enterprise and the St. Petersburg plant Zvezda.
The glory of Russian weapons swept around the world
In the fall of 2017, Buranam-M managed to make a splash all over the world. Four ships from the Caspian flotilla - small missile ships "Uglich", "Grad Sviyazhsky" and " Veliky Ustyug", and missile cruiser"Dagestan" fired at targets with the help of cruise missiles "Caliber". A massive missile attack was carried out on the positions of the ISIS terrorist organization (banned in the Russian Federation), which were located at a distance of approximately one and a half thousand kilometers from the starting point.
The range and accuracy of live firing fired by Russian ships was discussed in the world media for almost a week. However, this is not all that missiles of this class are capable of, because the maximum range of their flight can reach more than two and a half thousand kilometers.
The small missile ship, Karakurt, is armed with the same missiles, namely Caliber-NK. In addition, supersonic Onyx anti-ship missiles are also used, the firing range of which is equal to five hundred kilometers. The ship is also armed with an automatic artillery installation of 100 mm or 76 mm caliber. Facilities air defense equipped with anti-aircraft missile and artillery system 3M89 "Broadsword".
An all-aspect multifunctional radar station with four fixed phased array antennas, as well as a highly efficient optical radar station, provides the Broadsword with the possibility of all-weather and round-the-clock detection of any targets that could somehow threaten the ship. These can be, for example, airplanes, helicopters, cruise missiles, even drones. Opening fire to defeat these targets can be carried out at a distance of up to ten kilometers and at an altitude of up to five kilometers. The mode of operation of the entire complex is automatic.
Equipping ships with electronic warfare stations
RTOs "Karakurt", ships of project 22800, are ships for operations in the near sea zone with a cruising range of up to 2500 miles and an autonomy of up to fifteen days. A boat with a displacement of eight hundred tons has a length of sixty meters, a width of ten meters, a draft of four meters. The speed reaches thirty knots.
"Karakurts", as well as "Buyans-M", were created in order to replace the small missile ships "Gadfly" of project 1234. Their most diverse modifications were released in 1967-92. A total of forty-seven ships were built, but now only twelve remain.
"Gadflies", developed by "Almaz", looked much more solid than "Karakurt" in terms of their driving performance. So, the speed of the "Gadfly" reached up to 35 knots, and the range - up to 4000 miles. However, morally and physically obsolete weapons reduce all these advantages to zero. The Gadfly is armed with Malachite, six P-120 anti-ship missiles with a maximum range of up to one hundred and twenty kilometers, and this is significantly inferior to eight Caliber-NK or Onyxes.
The uniqueness of the new small rocket ship
Deputy Minister of Defense Yuri Borisov, when laying the fourth small missile ship under project 22800 on the slipway of the Pella shipyard at the end of July last year, said: “ships with a similar classification simply do not exist in the world.” The designers of the Almaz design bureau managed to place a lot of formidable weapons in the small space of the Karakurt. By the way, this weapon can be called strategic, because any Kalibr missile can be equipped with a nuclear warhead.
The range of Karakurt missile weapons in the Black Sea and Baltic fleets, as well as those representing the Caspian flotilla, covers the Middle East region and almost the entire European continent. If a decision is made to place these ships at the disposal of the Pacific Fleet, then almost the entire eastern hemisphere will be blocked in its northern half.
Who in the class can be compared with "Karakurt": Western models of ships
According to many military experts, the Karakurts are ahead of all modern counterparts with their strike power.
Only one corvette on the planet can be compared with the Karakurts - moreover, it has been released so far in a single copy. This is the last ship in a series of multi-purpose Swedish corvettes of the Visby type. It was adopted by the Swedish Navy in the spring of 2013.
Its displacement is six hundred and forty tons, its length is seventy-one meters, and its width is almost ten and a half meters. At thirty-five knots, her range is two thousand three hundred miles. The ship was built taking into account the requirements of stealth technologies. The first four serial corvettes were designed primarily as anti-submarine ships. The fifth has eight subsonic anti-ship missiles with a range of up to two hundred kilometers.
Israeli counterpart - "Eilat"
There is also an Israeli analogy, but also released in a single copy. We are talking about "Eilat", a missile corvette. Naval Forces Israel took it into operation in the nineties. It has a displacement of one thousand two hundred and seventy-five tons, a length of eighty-five meters, and a width of almost twelve meters. With a range in economy mode, it can go three and a half thousand miles, and its maximum speed equals thirty-three knots.
The armament of "Eilat" also does not reach the level of "Karakurt". Israeli designers managed to place on board the corvette American Harpoon anti-ship missiles with a range of up to one hundred and thirty kilometers and a warhead mass of two hundred and twenty-seven kilograms, while the ship also has additional anti-ship weapons.
The air defense is equipped with the Barak anti-aircraft missile system with 32 missiles in the ammunition load, their range reaches ten kilometers. "Eilat" has at its disposal a 20-mm rapid-fire cannon for firing at distances up to one and a half kilometers.
Project 22800 - economic component
Rocket ships with a displacement of less than 1000 tons - almost unique Russian feature. As a result, it is possible to compare "Karakurt" only with more solid equipment. In terms of functionality and range, it surpasses our corvettes, but in terms of strike weapons and power it falls short of Russian ships. At the same time, anti-submarine weapons, as well as helicopters or drones, increase the survivability of ships with a more substantial displacement.
However, there is also the other side of the coin - the cost of their construction and operation, which is extremely relevant to the current Russian reality. Be that as it may, but according to the classical parameters of “price and quality”, the Karakurt turned out to be excellent missile ships, perhaps even world leaders.
German corvette "Braunschweig"
More solid in terms of mass is the German corvette of the K130 project. The launch of the Braunschweig in 2013, the fifth ship of this series of corvettes, marked the completion of its production. The ships of the series have a displacement of one thousand eight hundred and forty tons, a length of up to ninety meters, and are equipped with a helicopter on board. The corvette has anti-submarine torpedoes, an anti-aircraft missile system, a twin 27 mm anti-aircraft gun, and a 76 mm artillery mount.
The main strike weapon, like the Swedes, is the RBS 15M Mk3 anti-ship missiles. However, there are half as many missile units - only four. The Brunswick has the same range as the Karakurt, up to two and a half thousand miles, but it has a lower speed, twenty-five knots.
American destroyers
Doesn't fade and american navy. The smallest missile ships, built in the amount of sixty-two units, are destroyers armed with guided missile weapons of the Arleigh Burke project. These ships have a range of six thousand miles and a displacement of up to nine thousand tons. With a length of one hundred and fifty meters, a height of forty-five meters, they have a speed of up to thirty-two knots.
Anti-ship armament is equipped with 8 Harpoon missiles. The destroyers have and anti-aircraft missile systems with artillery (anti-aircraft and conventional), and anti-submarine weapons (missiles, torpedoes and mines), as well as a helicopter.
If necessary, they can be equipped with the well-known "Tomahawks", cruise missiles numbering from eight to sixty units. Of course, the weapon is solid - but subsonic, having a flight range of up to one thousand six hundred kilometers. However, it is only slightly inferior to the Caliber in terms of speed, accuracy and range, the control of these weapons is entrusted to the widely publicized Aegis system.
In the previous article, we touched a little on the state of the "mosquito" forces of our fleet using the example of small anti-submarine ships and were forced to state that this class in the Russian Navy has not received renewal and development. As we said earlier, the Russian Navy had 99 MPKs with a displacement of 320 to 830 tons, and by the end of 2015, 27 units remained in service, built in the 80s of the last century, which will also soon "time to retire", especially since their capabilities against 4th generation submarines are extremely doubtful. But new MPKs are not being built: the creation of ships of this class has been discontinued, apparently in the expectation that corvettes will fulfill their role. Which, alas, due to their small number, of course, will not be able to solve the tasks of the Soviet TFR and MPK at least to some extent.
Well, now let's look at the shock component of the "mosquito" forces - small missile ships (RTOs) and boats (RK). In order not to injure the psyche, we will not recall how many RTOs and RK served under the Soviet flag, but we will take December 1, 2015 as a starting point and list only those ships that were laid down in the USSR.
MRK project 1239 "Sivuch" - 2 units.
Unique skeg-type hovercraft, i.e., in fact, catamarans with two narrow hulls and a wide deck. Speed - 55 knots (interestingly, the website of the Zelenodolsk plant indicates “about 45 knots.” Typo?), Armament - 8 anti-ship missiles “Moskit”, air defense system “Osa-M”, one 76-mm AK-176 installation and two 30- mm AK-630. In addition to impressive speed, they have quite acceptable seaworthiness: RTOs of this type can use their own in waves of 5 points at a speed of 30-40 knots and in a displacement position - up to 8 points inclusive.
Laid down in the USSR in the 80s, completed already in the Russian Federation in 1997-1999, so we can expect that ships of this type will last another 15-20 years. And that is great. The resumption of the creation of ships of this type is hardly rational, since their cost is probably very, very high (a specific hull, a heavy-duty power plant), but those that have already been built should be kept in the Russian Navy as long as possible, repairing and modernizing in a timely manner.
MRK project 1234.1 "Gadfly" (according to NATO classification) - 12 units.
With a standard displacement of 610 tons, these ships had a highly developed and balanced armament, including two built-in launchers for P-120 Malakhit anti-ship missiles, one Osa-MA twin-beam air defense system, a 76-mm artillery mount and 30 -mm "metal cutter". RTO speed this project also inspired respect - 35 knots, despite the fact that rocket weapons could be used in waves up to 5 points.
These ships were laid down in the period from 1975 to 1989, and those of them that are still in service joined the ranks of the fleet in the period from 1979 to 1992. Accordingly, today their age is from 26 to 40 years, and 9 "Gadflies" have not yet crossed the thirty-year milestone. Based on this, it can be assumed that it is technically possible to keep them in the fleet for another decade. Another question is, is it necessary?
The fact is that the main weapon of RTOs, anti-ship missiles P-120 Malachite, was developed back in the 60s of the last century, and even at the time of the collapse of the USSR, it was far from being at the peak of technical progress. Its maximum flight range was 150 km, speed (according to various sources) 0.9-1 M, flight altitude on the marching section - 60 m. powerful 800-kg warhead, but today this anti-ship missile is completely outdated. At the same time, it no longer makes much sense to modernize almost thirty-year-old ships for new missiles, so their further presence in the fleet will have a more decorative than practical function.
RTO project 1234.7 "Roll" - 1 unit.
The same RTO "Gadfly", only instead of six P-120 "Malachite" carried 12 (!) P-800 "Onyx". It was probably an experimental ship, today it has been withdrawn from the fleet. According to some reports, it was decommissioned back in 2012, but S.S. Berezhnov, whom the author of the article focuses on, lists him as part of the Navy at the end of 2015, so Nakat nevertheless falls into our list.
RTOs of project 11661 and 11661M "Tatarstan" - 2 units.
Ships of this type were created as a replacement for small anti-submarine ships project 1124, but, being laid down in 1990-1991. were completed already in the Russian Federation as patrol (and missile) ships. "Tatarstan" had a standard displacement of 1,560 tons, a speed of 28 knots, was armed with eight Uran anti-ship missiles, an Osa-MA air defense system, one 76-mm gun mount, two 30-mm AK-630s and the same number of 14.5 KPVT machine guns. "Dagestan" had the same characteristics, but instead of "Uranus" received eight "Caliber", and instead of "metal cutters" - ZAK "Broadsword". "Tatarstan" entered service in 2003, "Dagestan" - in 2012, both ships serve in the Caspian flotilla.
Missile boats of project 1241.1 (1241-M) "Lightning" - 18 units.
The main missile boat of the Russian Navy. Standard displacement - 392 tons, 42 knots, four supersonic P-270 "Mosquito", 76-mm AK-176 and two 30-mm AK-630. On one of the boats ("Storm"), instead of two "metal cutters", ZAK "Broadsword" was installed. The bulk of these boats entered service in 1988-1992, one - in 1994, and the Chuvashia, laid down in 1991 - even in 2000. Accordingly, the age of 16 missile boats is 26-30 years, thanks to the equipment of anti-ship missiles "Mosquito" ships still retain their relevance and, apparently, can be kept in the fleet for another 7-10 years. The Russian Navy also has the nineteenth ship of this type, but the launchers for the Mosquitoes have been dismantled from it, which is why it would be wrong to list it as a missile boat.
RK project 12411 (1241-T) - 4 units
We ignore minor details. It turned out like this: in the USSR, a missile boat was developed for the latest supersonic Moskit missiles, but the anti-ship missiles were somewhat late, which is why the first series of Lightnings was armed with old Termites with the same artillery. The ships were put into operation in 1984-1986, today they are from 32 to 34 years old, and their main armament lost its combat value in the 80s of the last century. Modernizing these ships is pointless due to their age, keeping them in the Navy is also pointless, so we should expect them to be decommissioned in the next 5 years.
RK project 1241.7 "Shuya" - 1 unit.
Entered into operation in 1985 "Lightning" of the first series with "Termites", but with dismantled "metal cutters" and installed instead of ZRAK "Kortik", which, subsequently, was also dismantled. Obviously, this ship is waiting for withdrawal from the fleet in the next 5 years.
RK project 206 MR - 2 units.
Small (233 tons) hydrofoils. 42 knots, 2 Termit missiles, 76-mm gun mount and one AK-630 assault rifle. Both boats entered service in 1983, they are now 35 years old and both are obvious candidates for decommissioning in the very near future.
Thus, from the "Soviet legacy" as of December 1, 2015, 44 small missile ships and missile boats served in the Russian Navy, of which 22 had real combat value, incl. two "Sivuch" and 18 "Lightning", armed anti-ship missiles "Moskit", as well as two Caspian "Tatarstan". Nevertheless, until 2025, the bulk of these ships may well remain in service - today the Nakat has retired from the fleet, and it should be expected that 7 boats armed with Termit missiles will follow it in the very near future, but the rest may well serve until 2025 and beyond.
Perhaps that is why the GPV 2011-2020. did not provide for the mass construction of shock "mosquito" forces - it was supposed to put into operation only a few ships of project 21631 "Buyan-M". These ships are an enlarged and "rocketed" version of a small artillery ship project 21630. With a displacement of 949 tons, Buyan-M is capable of developing 25 knots, its armament is UKKS with 8 cells, capable of using the Caliber family of missiles, 100-mm AU-190 and 30-mm AK-630M-2 "Duet ”and the Gibka-R air defense system with 9M39 Igla missiles.
But, given the low speed and the fact that "Buyan-M" refers to ships of the "river - sea" class, it can hardly be considered a replacement for small missile ships and boats focused on strikes against enemy ship groups in our near sea zone . Most likely, Buyan-M is just a "case" for cruise (not anti-ship!) Caliber missiles. As you know, the ground deployment of short-range (500-1,000 km) and medium-range (1,000-5,500 km) cruise missiles is prohibited by the INF Treaty of December 8, 1987, nevertheless, the armed forces of the United States and the Russian Federation, of course, feel the need for such ammunition. The Americans compensated for the absence of such missiles by deploying sea-based Tomahawk missiles, while we, after the death of the USSR fleet, did not have such an opportunity. In this situation, the transformation of our "Caliber" into "river deployment" missiles is a logical step that does not violate international treaties. River channel system Russian Federation allows you to move the Buyans-M between the Caspian, Black and Baltic seas, on the rivers these ships can be reliably covered by ground-based air defense systems and aircraft, and they can launch missiles from anywhere on the route.
Probably, in case of emergency, Buyany-M is also able to operate at sea, having received the Caliber anti-ship version, but, obviously, this is not their profile. This is also “hinted” by their composition of radar weapons, but we will talk about this a little later.
The real restoration of the "mosquito" fleet can be considered the construction of a series of small missile ships of project 22380 "Karakurt". These are small, highly specialized attack ships, the total displacement of which does not reach 800 tons. Three M-507D-1 diesel engines manufactured by Zvezda PJSC, with a capacity of 8,000 hp each, are used as a power plant. each - together they report "Karakurt" a speed of about 30 knots. The main armament of the ship is UKKS for 8 cells for Caliber / Onyx missiles, 76-mm artillery mount AK-176MA and ZRAK Pantsir-ME, as well as two 12.7-mm Kord machine guns. On the first two ships of the series, two 30-mm AK-630s were installed instead of the "Shell".
A number of sources indicate that, in addition to "metal cutters", RTOs are equipped with MANPADS, but here, apparently, we are talking not about "Bending", but simply about the usual MANPADS (pipe on the shoulder).
Radar armament of project 22800 emphasizes its shock, anti-ship orientation. The Mineral-M general detection radar is installed on the Karakurt, the capabilities of which are extremely high for a ship whose displacement “does not reach” even up to 1,000 tons.
In addition to the tasks of detecting and tracking surface and air targets, which are usual for radars of this type, Mineral-M is capable of carrying out:
1) automated reception, processing and display of information on the surface situation coming from compatible systems located on ground facilities or ships of the tactical group, from external sources(command control systems, remote observation posts located on ships, helicopters and other aircraft), using external radio communications;
2) receiving, processing and displaying information on the surface situation coming from shipborne information sources: combat information and control systems, radar stations, navigation stations, hydroacoustic systems;
3) management of joint combat operations of the ships of the tactical group.
In other words, Mineral-M is terribly network-centric: it can receive (and obviously provide) information to a group of dissimilar forces, implementing the principle “one sees - everyone sees”, and can act as a coordination center, but that's not all advantages of this complex. The fact is that "Mineral-M" can work not only in active, but also in passive mode, not emitting anything on its own, but detecting and determining the location of the enemy by its radiation. At the same time, depending on the radiation range, the detection range of radar systems ranges from 80 to 450 km. In active mode, the Mineral-M radar is capable of providing over-the-horizon target designation, the detection range of a destroyer-sized target reaches 250 km. Here, of course, it should be noted that the "over-the-horizon" mode of operation of the radar is far from always possible and depends on the state of the atmosphere. The given 250 km range, for example, is possible only under the condition of superrefraction. Nevertheless, the usefulness of this mode of radar operation for a carrier of long-range anti-ship missiles cannot be overestimated. In general, it can be stated that such a radar would look very good even on a much larger ship.
But on Buyan-M the MR-352 “Positiv” radar is located, which is (as the author, who is not an expert in the field of radar, could understand) a radar general purpose in the traditional sense of these words, i.e. without numerous "buns" - over-the-horizon target designation, etc. That is, "Positive" provides coverage of the air and surface situation at a distance of up to 128 km, and is not intended to control weapons. In principle, "Pozitiv" can provide target designation for both missiles and artillery fire, but it does not do it as well as specialized radars, because this is still a side function for it. The absence of a radar station like the Mineral-M on the Buyan-M just suggests that this RTO is not considered by the fleet leadership as a means of naval combat.
The pace of construction of the "mosquito" fleet for the Russian Navy is very impressive, and significantly exceeds the plans of the SAP 2011-2020. Since 2010, 10 RTOs of the Buyan-M type have been laid down, and a contract has been signed for two more. Five ships of this type entered the fleet in 2015-2017, while the duration of construction is about three years. To put it mildly, it's not too much good indicator for mass-produced ships with a displacement of less than 1,000 tons, especially serial ones, but in any case there is no doubt that the remaining five, the last of which, the Grad, will enter the fleet by 2020.
As for the Karakurts, their first pair was laid down in December 2015, both were launched in 2017, their delivery to the fleet is planned for 2018 and, in principle, these terms are realistic. And in total, nine Karakurts are currently being built (7 at Pella and 2 at the Zelenodolsk plant), the laying of the tenth is being prepared, and a contract has been signed for three more. In total - thirteen ships of project 22800, but a contract is expected to be signed with the Amur Shipbuilding Plant for another six ships of this type. Accordingly, it is quite possible to expect that by 2020 the Russian Navy will include nine Karakurts, and by 2025 there will be at least 19 of them, and this is if a decision is not made on the further construction of RTOs of this type.
In general, we can say that the construction of "Buyanov-M" the Russian Federation secured absolute superiority in the Caspian Sea and to a certain extent strengthened the arsenal of long-range precision weapons of the domestic armed forces, but talk about "Buyanakh-M" as a means of anti-ship warfare , according to the author, is still impossible.
But even without taking into account the Buyans, the widespread construction of Karakurts, in general, guarantees the reproduction of domestic mosquito forces. As we said above, the critical, "landslide" point for them will come in 7-10 years, when the service life of missile boats of the "Lightning" type will come close to 40 years and they will need to be withdrawn from the fleet. Other RTOs and missile boats, with the exception of the Samum, Bora, Tatarstan and Dagestan, will need to be decommissioned even earlier, thus the "legacy of the USSR" by 2025-2028 will be reduced by an order of magnitude (from 44 as of 01.12.2015 up to 4 units).
Nevertheless, if a contract is nevertheless signed for the construction of six Project 22800 ships for the Pacific Fleet, then 19 Karakurts will replace 18 Lightnings, and other missile boats and RTOs of the Gadfly type already today have practically no combat value due to extreme obsolescence of weapons. Thus, we can say that the reduction in the number of our RTOs and RK will not lead to a drop in their combat capability. On the contrary, due to the fact that ships with the most modern missile weapons(we should not forget that the mythical "Zircon" can be used from the standard UVP for "Onyx" and "Caliber") we should talk about expanding the capabilities of the strike component of our "mosquito" fleet. In addition, with the entry into service of the Karakurts, the “mosquito fleet” will acquire the ability to strike with long-range cruise missiles at the enemy’s land infrastructure, as was done in Syria.
Unfortunately, it is impossible to predict how many Karakurts will be laid down in the coming years under the new SAP 2018-2025. Here, perhaps, both an increase in the series to 25-30 ships, and the refusal of their further construction, limiting the series to 13 ships. However, there are at least 2 reasons why we should expect the construction of the Pacific Karakurt.
First, the leadership of the country, after demonstrating the capabilities of the Caspian flotilla to hit targets in Syria, should look favorably on small missile ships. Secondly, the admirals of our Navy, having a monstrous failure in surface ships, in the absence of frigates and corvettes, will obviously be happy to strengthen the fleet with at least Karakurt.
Accordingly, the future of our “mosquito” fleet does not seem to cause concern ... However, the author of this article will venture to raise another question, which for many will look like real sedition
Does Russia need a naval strike "mosquito" fleet at all?
To begin with, we will try to figure out the cost of these ships. The easiest way to determine the cost of "Buyanov-M". As RIA "" printed:
“The contract signed at the Army-2016 forum between the Ministry of Defense and the Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant amounts to 27 billion rubles and provides for the construction of three Buyan-M class ships,” Renat Mistakhov, general director of the plant, told RIA Novosti.
Accordingly, one ship of project 21631 costs 9 billion rubles.
Many publications indicate that the price of one "Karakurt" is 2 billion rubles. However, in most cases, the assessment of Andrey Frolov, Deputy Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies, is indicated as the source of this information. Unfortunately, the author was unable to find documents that would confirm the legitimacy of this assessment. On the other hand, a number of sources give completely different figures. So, for example, Sergey Verevkin, Executive Director separate subdivision Leningrad shipbuilding plant "Pella" argued that:
"The cost of such ships is three times less than a frigate."
And even if we take the cheapest domestic frigate(project 11356) at pre-crisis prices - this is 18 billion rubles, respectively, "Karakurt", according to the statement of S. Verevkin, costs at least 6 billion rubles. This seems to be also confirmed by reports that Pella handed over to the Feodosia shipyard More an order for the construction of one Karakurt, and the cost of the contract will be 5-6 billion rubles, but the question is that the amount is not accurate - news refers to the opinion of unnamed experts.
But what if S. Verevkin did not mean the frigate of the “Admiral” series of project 11356, but the newest 22350 “Admiral Gorshkov of the Fleet of the Soviet Union”?
After all, the figure of 6 billion rubles. for one "Karakurt" raises big doubts. Yes, the Buyan-M is somewhat larger than the project 22800 ship, but at the same time, the Karakurt carries much more complex, and therefore expensive weapons (the Pantsir-ME air defense system and equipment (Mineral-M radar), however, on "Buyan-M" implemented a water jet, which is probably more expensive than the classic. But in general, we should expect that "Karakurt" costs no less, and even more than "Buyan-M".
The main usefulness of Buyan-M is that it is a mobile launcher for long-range cruise missiles. But it should be taken into account that 9 billion rubles. for such mobility look excessively expensive. But there are other options: for example, ... the same Kalibr container installations, about which so many copies were broken at one time.
According to people unfamiliar with the maritime theme, such containers are an uberwunderwaffe, which is easy to hide on the deck of an ocean container ship, and in the event of a war, quickly “multiply by zero” the US AUG. We will not disappoint anyone by reminding that an armed merchant ship that does not carry naval ensign of any country is pirated, with all the ensuing consequences for him and his crew, but just remember that a “peaceful river container ship” sailing somewhere in the middle of the Volga will never be charged with piracy. To comply with the INF Treaty of the Russian Federation, it will be enough to include several “auxiliary river cruisers” in the fleet, but in the event of a real aggravation of relations with NATO, such containers can be placed on any suitable river vessels.
Moreover. Because in the event that a real clash with the United States and NATO looms on the horizon, then no one will pay attention to the agreements, and in this case, who is stopping you from installing a container with missiles ... say, on a train? Or generally like this:
Thus, we can state that the task of saturating the domestic armed forces with cruise missiles with a range of 500 to 5,500 km can well be solved without the participation of Buyanov-M. In order to provide us with absolute superiority in the Caspian, in addition to the existing ships, 4-5 Buyanov-M would be enough, and they would not have to be armed with Caliber - to destroy the boats that form the basis of other Caspian fleets, " Uranus is more than sufficient. Question price? The rejection of the 5-6 Buyanov-M would allow the Russian Navy to finance the purchase of a naval aviation regiment (we are talking about the Su-35, which cost about 2 billion rubles in the same 2016), which, according to the author of this article, would be for the fleet is much more useful.
With Karakurt, too, not everything is clear. The fact is that missile boats appeared as a means of combating enemy surface forces in the coastal zone, but today it is very difficult to imagine enemy surface ships near our coast. Given the extreme danger that aviation poses to modern ships, only an aircraft carrier strike group is capable of “peeping into the light” towards us, but it makes no sense to come closer than a few hundred kilometers to our coastline. But sending a Karakurt unit against the AUG into the sea is akin to suicide: if naval battles teach us something, it’s only the extremely low resistance of small missile ships (corvettes and missile boats) to air attack. Suffice it to recall, for example, the defeat of the Iraqi fleet in the Iran-Iraq war, when two Iranian F-4 Phantoms sunk 4 torpedo and missile boats of the Iraqi Navy in almost five minutes, and damaged 2 more missile boats - although they did not have specialized anti-ship weapons. Yes, our Project 22800 ships are equipped with Pantsir-ME, this is a very serious weapon, but it must be borne in mind that a ship with a displacement of less than 800 tons is an extremely unstable platform for such equipment.
In addition, sadly, the Karakurts do not have enough speed for dashing "cavalry" attacks. For them, the speed is indicated as “about 30 knots”, and this is quite a bit, especially if you remember that small ships lose a lot of speed during waves. In other words, in the conditions of the same Far East, our Karakurts will turn out to be obviously slower than, say, the Arleigh Burke - it has a maximum speed of 32 knots, but in rough conditions it loses it much less than the small ships of project 22800.
Of course, in addition to global ones, there are also local conflicts, but the fact is that for them the power of Karakurt is excessive. So, for example, in the well-known episode of the collision of a detachment of surface ships of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation with Georgian boats, the use of the Kalibr anti-ship missiles would have been completely unjustified. Maybe it would be an exaggeration to say that all five Georgian boats cost less than one such missile, but ...
According to the author, in a full-scale conflict with NATO, the Karakurt can only be used as a mobile coastal defense missile battery, with which you can relatively quickly cover objects that are threatened by an attack from the sea. But in this capacity, they almost lose to automobile complexes in terms of movement speed, besides this ground complex easier to mask. In general, and here we have to admit that a regiment of modern fighter-bombers would be much more useful for the fleet than 6 Karakurts, and in terms of cost they are, apparently, quite comparable.
And yet, the author assumes that in the future we are waiting for news about the increase in the production of "Karakurt". For the reason that the number of surface ships of our Navy capable of going to sea is decreasing year by year, and the industry continues to disrupt all conceivable deadlines for the construction of new ships - from the corvette and above. And if the first Project 22800 ships enter service on schedule (which confirms our ability to build them relatively quickly), then there will be new orders. Not because the Karakurts are a wunderwaffe or a panacea, but because the fleet still needs at least some surface ships.
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Small missile ships 1234E
Construction and service
| 10 units Ordered |
| 10 units Built |
| 1974-1984 gg. Years of construction |
| 1976-... gg. Years of service |
| Production unit "Diamond" Leningrad. shipyard "Vympel" them. Volodarsky Rybinsk.Construction site |
Total information
Armament
Built ships
Vijaydurg, Sindhudurg, Hosdurg,
Ain Mara, Ain el Gazala, Ain Zara, Ain Zaquit,
Rais Hamidou, Salah Rais, Rais Ali.
Project 1234E(code "Gadfly-E", designation according to the NATO code - Nanuchka II) - export modification of small missile ships (RTOs) of project 1234 "Gadfly". These ships were supplied to three states friendly to the USSR: India (three units), Algeria (three units) and Libya (four units). But as such, no special design of the export version was carried out, the modification consisted only in a simplified composition of weapons.
History of creation.
RCC P-20 "Termite" and launcher KT-15M.
Anti-ship missiles P-120 "Malachite" in launchers.
MRK 1234/1234E have good maneuverability: the turn time for 360 ° does not exceed 200 s (at a rudder angle of 25 °), and the tactical circulation diameter is not more than 30 ship lengths. The run distance from full speed to full stop is no more than 75 ship lengths, an emergency stop is possible in 55 seconds.
Crew and accommodation.
The crew of RTOs is 49 people, including 7 officers. For the first time, air conditioners and an additional refrigerator were installed on RTOs of project 1234E to improve living conditions. The design of the ship's hull provided for three different types of insulating materials: to reduce airborne noise, to protect against penetrating impulse noise, and to protect rooms from cooling.
Armament.
Anti-ship weapons.
The armament of the Project 1234E ships included four P-20 cruise anti-ship missiles (NATO code designation - SS-N-2C Styx), which were export versions of the P-15M Termit anti-ship missiles. The missiles were placed side by side on the upper deck in four non-guided, non-stabilized, non-armored, non-absorbed launch launchers KT-15M. The P-20 missiles were equipped with an infrared seeker and had a firing range of up to 83 km. On the marching section, the flight altitude of the missiles was 100-300 m, and on the final section - no more than 2-5 m. The flight speed on the marching section was 1134 km / h. Warhead weight - 515 kg, incl. explosive mass 375 kg. The rocket was controlled using the Rangout-E radar. The starting weight of one anti-ship missile is 2471 kg (including the mass of the starting powder jet engine- 346 kg), length 6550 mm, the largest diameter of the anti-ship missile hull - 760 mm, wingspan in flight - 2400 mm. Type of seeker - combined, with radar and thermal channels. The speed of the rocket from the guides is 39-56 m / s, the flight speed is 1100 km / h. Start readiness time during preheating - 60 s. The probability of hitting a typical target without counteraction is 0.8.
The use of anti-ship weapons on RTOs of project 1234E is possible with sea waves of no more than 5 points. With a strong wave from the stern corners, serious restrictions are imposed on firing a missile system. For example, due to the fact that a ship cannot lie on a combat course during heavy seas, the interval for launching cruise missiles can be up to 1.5 minutes.
Anti-aircraft missile weapons.
anti-aircraft missile system"Osa-M"
On Project 1234E ships, the Osa-M anti-aircraft missile system was installed in the bow, designed for air defense and the destruction of single air targets. The air defense system included the ZiF-122 double-beam launcher, a missile supply and reloading system, a 4R-33 control system and an ammunition load of 20 9M-33 anti-aircraft missiles. The rate of fire of the air defense system was two launches per minute when firing at air targets and 2.8 launches when firing at surface targets, the reload time of the launcher did not exceed 16-21 s.
The Osa-M air defense system could hit air targets flying at a speed of 300 m / s at an altitude of 200-5000 m with a range of up to 9000 m, and supersonic targets - up to 7100 m. At low altitudes (50-100), the range of destruction was reduced to 4,000-6,000 m.
Artillery weapons.
The artillery of small rocket ships of project 1234 consisted of one double-barreled turret artillery mount AK-725 of 57 mm caliber, located at the stern. The AU tower was not armored, it was made of 6 mm thick duralumin alloy. In the turret AU, in one cradle, there were two 57-mm / 75 ZiF-74 assault rifles with a total ammunition capacity of 1100 rounds, a rate of fire of 200 rounds per minute with a continuous burst of 100 rounds. Horizontal guidance angles - 200 ° on both sides, AU calculation - 2 people, AU mass - 3.9 tons. Firing range - 8420 m (6950 m for self-liquidator). Guidance of guns is possible both from a remote control and remotely from the MP-103 Bars fire control radar with a maximum target detection range of 40 km.
Radio equipment.
To control the firing of the P-20 anti-ship missiles, the MP-331 Rangout-E shipborne target designation radar was used, operating in the 8-12 GHz range at four fixed frequencies spaced within a range of ± 10 MHz. Rangout-E has two power levels (20 and 100 W) and the possibility of all-round visibility at a frequency of 4 or 12 rpm. Under favorable conditions, the detection range of a large target reached 60 nautical miles (112 km). After the target was detected, the ship's Klen-M fire control device was connected. To develop the flight task issued on board the missile, along with data on the coordinates, speed and heading of the target entering the Klen-M equipment from the Rangout radar, the values of the own speed and heading of the firing ship, the current parameters of pitching and rolling are entered into it .
To control the firing of the Osa-M air defense system, the SUO 4R-33 was used, and to control the artillery fire, the Bars radar with the MR-103 radar was used. The mass of the PUS MR-103 is about 3900 kg, the target detection range is 40 km. To illuminate the navigation situation and solve navigation problems, a 3-cm Don navigation radar was installed. The radar antenna post was located on the top of the mast. The Don station could detect air targets at a distance of up to 50 km and surface targets at a distance of up to 25 km.
Means of electronic intelligence and electronic warfare.
For electronic intelligence, the RTR MRP-11-12 Zaliv radar was used. For electronic warfare RTOs of project 1234E were equipped with two sixteen-barrel remote-controlled PK-16 launchers for setting passive jamming, firing 82-mm projectiles with chaff or heat traps.
Construction and testing.
Most of the ships of the project were laid down and built at the Vympel Shipbuilding Plant. Volodarsky in the city of Rybinsk, then they were distilled to Leningrad at the Almaz Production Association for completion and testing. The very first ships ("Hurricane", "Priboy", "Tide"), destined for the Soviet Navy, were originally laid down on the Almaz. For testing and training of the customer's crew, all ships were temporarily enrolled in the Baltic Fleet of the USSR Navy, and only after the ship was handed over to the customer were they excluded from the Navy. The transfer of all ships to customers took place in Riga.
Modernization.
1234E before modernization and 1234EM after modernization
In the mid-1990s, the leadership of the Algerian Navy decided to overhaul and modernize project 1234E RTOs delivered to Algeria from the USSR. The modernization project, which received the number 1234EM, was developed at the Almaz Central Design Bureau under the leadership of the chief designer Yu. V. Arsenyev. The outdated P-20 SCRC was replaced by the 3K24E Uran-E SCRC with 4 quad launchers with 16 Uran-E anti-ship missiles. Anti-aircraft armament was reinforced by a six-barreled 30-mm gun AK-630M, located in the aft superstructure, and instead of the Rangout-E radar, an antenna of the Harpoon-E radar complex was installed on the roof of the wheelhouse, and on the mast - a three-coordinate general detection radar of the Pozitiv- ME", radar fire control system for naval artillery "Laska", optoelectronic fire control system for artillery "Rakurs" and radio navigation system "Horizon-25". The compatibility of the operation of Russian radio-technical weapons with foreign ones was ensured by a data exchange system of the SOD-1234EM type. In addition to installing new weapons, obsolete types of electrical equipment and ship systems were replaced on the ship.
In 1997-2000 ship 802 Salah Reis underwent modernization under project 1234EM at the Kronstadt Marine Plant, while the modernization was accompanied by a failure to meet deadlines and claims to the quality of work. In this regard, further modernization and modernization of the other two Algerian ships was carried out under a separate contract in 2006 with Rosoboronexport, and a new contractor represented by Severnaya Verf (St. Petersburg), and according to a simplified version. In October 2007, under the same project, shipbuilding enterprise" Severnaya Verf"The modernization of the second Algerian corvette was started, and in 2008 - the third. Small rocket ship 801 Reis Hamidou after modernization at Severnaya Verf, it was handed over to the Algerian side in February 2011, then the company began to modernize the third ship of the series (803 Reis Ali.). In 2012 work on Reis Ali completed and handed over to the customer. In Algiers at 802 Salah Reis installed a Chinese NRJ-6A electronic warfare system and two Chinese six-barreled launchers PJ46 for setting passive interference, instead of dismantled during the modernization of the Soviet PK-16.
List of upgrades for project 1234EM
802 Salah Reis took place at the Kronstadt Marine Plant (1997-2000), at the Severnaya Verf (2006), received:
- AU 1x6 30 mm AK-630M (3000 rounds);
- RLC 3Ts-25E "Harpoon-E";
- RNS "Horizon-25".
801 Rais Hamidou took place at Severnaya Verf (2007-2011);
803 Rais Ali took place at Severnaya Verf (2011-2012); got:
- 4x4 anti-ship missile launchers 3M24E "Uran-E" instead of P-20 "Termite";
- control system "Laska-E" and opto-electronic control system SP-521 "Rakurs" instead of MP-103 "Bars";
- Radar general detection "Positive-ME1" instead of the radar "Rangout";
- RNS "Horizon-25".
Modernization 802 Salah Rais
1 - Anti-aircraft missile system "Osa-M"
2 - Fire control system 4R-33
11 - 57-mm artillery mount AK-725
12 - Quadruple launcher KT-184E anti-ship missiles 3M24E "Uran-E"
13 - Radar complex 3Ts-25E "Harpoon-E"
14 - Chinese-made NRJ-6A electronic warfare system
15 - General detection radar "Positive-ME1"
16 - Optoelectronic fire control system for artillery SP-521 "Rakurs"
17 - PJ46 six-barrel launcher for setting passive jamming made in China
18 - Fire control system for naval artillery "Laska-E"
19 - 30 mm artillery mount AK-630M
The fate of ten ships.
Indian RTOs.
- K71 Vijaydurg . RTO "Uragan" (building number 65) was laid down by the Almaz Production Association in Leningrad on May 1, 1974, and on June 5 of the same year it was enrolled in the USSR Navy, simultaneously with K72 and K73. All three Indian RTOs were already completed according to the project 1234 "Gadfly - E", but were temporarily introduced into the Baltic Fleet of the USSR Navy. K71 served with the Indian Navy until its withdrawal from service on September 3, 2002, its further fate is unknown.
- K72 Sindhudurg . RTO "Priboy" (building number 66) was laid down by the Almaz Production Association in Leningrad on January 22, 1975, served as the Indian Navy until it was withdrawn from service on September 24, 2004, and on April 15, 2005 was sunk as a target by a BrahMos cruise missile.
- K73 Hosdurg . RTO "Priliv" (building number 67) was laid down by the "Almaz" Leningrad on January 22, 1975, served as the Indian Navy until exclusion from the squad on June 5, 1999, and in June 2000 was sunk as a target by an anti-ship missile Sea Eagle fired from a fighter -bomber Jaguar IS.
| Name | Laid down | Enrolled in Soviet Navy |
Launched into the water | Entered service | Enrolled in Indian Navy |
Transferred to India | Excluded from membership Soviet Navy |
Excluded from membership Indian Navy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vijaydurg | 01.05.1974 | 05.06.1974 | 16.04.1976 | 30.09.1976 | 25.12.1976 | 04.1977 | 31.08.1977 | 03.09.2002 |
| Sindhudurg | 22.01.1975 | 05.06.1974 | 02.10.1976 | 18.02.1977 | 29.05.1977 | 09.1977 | 06.10.1977 | 24.09.2004 |
| Hosdurg | 22.01.1975 | 05.06.1974 | 14.04.1977 | 29.09.1977 | 29.05.1977 | 04.1978 | 06.10.1977 | 05.06.1999 |
Libyan RTOs.
- 416 Ain Mara (since 1991 Tariq ibn Ziyad ). MRK-9 (building number 203) was laid down by the Vympel Shipbuilding Plant named after. Volodarsky in the city of Rybinsk on April 21, 1979, was temporarily introduced into the
The Central Design Bureau "Almaz" was developed in St. Petersburg, under the leadership of the chief designer I.P. Pegov under the supervision of the military representative of the Navy Captain I rank B.V. Dmitriev, to fight against surface ships and merchant ships of a potential enemy on the closed seas and in the near sea zone, as well as to patrol the area of responsibility for the purpose of blockade and patrol duty. According to the ten-year shipbuilding program for 1964-1973, adopted by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of August 10, 1963, it was planned to build 40 small rocket ships. The technical design of the medium missile carrier was ready in 1964.
The ship's hull is smooth-deck, with some sheer in the bow, made of high-strength steel grade MK-35 along a longitudinal framing system with a transom-shaped stern. The ship had an upper deck and platforms (upper and lower) at the fore and aft ends, as well as a double bottom along most of the length of the hull. The double-bottom space was used to store fresh water and fuel. The internal bulkheads were made of light alloy type AMg61, and the connection of light baffles with a steel hull for corrosion protection was made on bimetallic inserts. A three-tiered island-type superstructure was located in the middle part of the hull and was made of aluminum-magnesium alloy AMg61 (except for gas fenders). The spar is represented by one four-legged mast made of light alloy pipes. Service and living quarters were located in the superstructure and on two (upper and lower) platforms. The ship's commander's cabin was located at the forward end of the first tier of the superstructure (the area of the 25th-32nd sp.) and consisted of an office, a bedroom and a bathroom. On the upper platform, in the area of the 33rd-41st frames, there were three double and two single officer cabins. Also on the upper platform, in the region of the 24-33rd frames, one six-bed and two four-bed cabins for midshipmen were placed. The midshipmen's wardroom was used as an operating room according to the combat schedule. To improve the habitability of personnel, 3 types of insulating structures were used. Firstly, protection against penetrating impulse noise from slabs of flexible foam plastic PVC-E reinforced with foam plastic slabs PVC-1. Secondly, soundproof structures to reduce airborne noise from VT-4 mats made of staple and nylon fiber, followed by lining with light alloy sheets in the area of engine rooms. Thirdly, thermal insulation to protect the premises from cooling from alternating layers of PSB-S expanded polystyrene plates and FS-7-2 foam plastic. As practice has shown, all these materials ignited easily during a fire and released asphyxiating substances, which greatly increased the death rate of personnel in a combat situation.
The unsinkability of the ship was ensured by division into 10 watertight compartments:
- Forepeak, chain box;
- Kubrick No. 1 for 27 people, Kubrick No. 2 for 10 people, hold;
- The premises of the ZiF-122 ZiF-122 air defense system "Osa-M" and anti-aircraft missiles;
- Midshipmen's corridor, 3 midshipmen's cabins, midshipmen's wardroom, air defense combat post, fuel tanks;
- Officers' corridor, 5 officers' cabins, officers' wardroom, fuel tanks;
- Central control post of the machine plant, gyro post, fuel tank;
- Bow engine room;
- aft engine room;
- Staff canteen, AK-725 gun mount barbette, artillery ammunition cellar, fuel tanks, bilge water tanks;
- Afterpick, tiller compartment.
The fire-fighting equipment consisted of a ZhS-52 liquid fire extinguishing system for extinguishing fuel and fuel fires in engine rooms using freon 114B2. The system had two manual control posts (in each MO), two tanks with a capacity of 45 liters of freon and two 10-liter tanks with high pressure air (HP). Freon was launched into the engine room by displacing it with compressed air at a pressure of 8 kgf/cm2.
Air-foam fire extinguishing system SO-500 for extinguishing small fires in engine rooms with air foam. In a special tank, 50 liters of foam concentrate PO-1 (foamer) and 10 liters of compressed air were stored in the tank. The mixture was 4% foam and 96% water. To service these two fire extinguishing systems, there was a ship's compressed air system (pressure 150 kgf / cm2).
The steering device with the R-32 electro-hydraulic steering machine (with a piston drive for two rudders) and the Piton-211 control system provided control of two streamlined hollow balancing rudders. The two-cylinder steering machine is equipped with two electric variable displacement oil pumps (the main one is in the afterpeak, the spare one is in the tiller compartment). The time for shifting the rudders to an angle of 70 degrees does not exceed 15 seconds. For the first time on ships of this class, two rudders in the mode of roll dampers are provided.
The anchor device is represented by an anchor-mooring electro-hydraulic capstan SHEG-12 (the control station is located on the breakwater on the port side), a Hall bow anchor weighing 900 kg, an anchor chain with a length of 200 m (a chain of increased strength with buttresses, caliber 28 mm), chain stoppers , deck and anchor fairleads, chain box (located under the forepeak platform). The SHEG-12 spire provides anchoring at depths up to 50 m with etching or hauling of the anchor and anchor chain at a speed of 23 m/min (when the anchor approaches the hawse, the speed decreases to 5 m/min). The spire control panel is also available in the wheelhouse, and the manual control column is located on the deck near the spire.
The ship's mooring device included a SHEG-12 bow capstan with a cable hauling speed of about 20 m/min (steel cables with a diameter of 23.5 mm are used) and a pulling force of 3000 kg. In the stern of the ship there was a mooring capstan ShZ with a hauling speed of about 15 m/min and a pulling force of 2000 kg. Six bollards with pedestals (diameter 200 mm) were attached to the deck of the MRK, welded to the deck in the region of the 14th, 39th and 81st frames. Six bale planks with bastings were located in the area of the 11th, 57th and 85th frames. Three views were installed in the bow, stern and on the forepeak platform.
The towing device of the ship is represented by a towing bollard with bollards with a diameter of 300 mm (located in the diametrical plane in the region of the 13th frame), a bale bar with rollers in the DP (area of the 1st frame), a towing hook in the DP (aft at the transom), a towing arc, towing kapron rope 150 m long (circumference 100 mm) and towing view in the forepeak.
Rescue equipment included 5 PSN-10M life rafts (for 10 people each), 4 life buoys and individual life jackets. At the first RTOs (in overload), the Chirok crew boat with a capacity of 5 people, including the helmsman, was used as a rescue vehicle. On the deck, on the port side (behind the gas baffle), there were two davits of the ShbI / YAL-6 type. Due to the fact that the boat and davits were often damaged by a jet of flame during the launch of P-120 missiles, in the late 70s. they were dismantled and were no longer used on the ships of this project.
The power plant is mechanical, three-shaft, diesel-diesel with three DDA-507A units with a capacity of 10,000 hp each. each, which work through summing reversible gearboxes for three fixed-pitch propellers with a diameter of 2.5 meters. The unit is equipped with two M-504B diesel engines with a capacity of 5000 hp each. With. each has a reduction gear that provides joint and separate operation of diesel engines, a reverse clutch, and supercharging. The M-504B diesel engine has a rotation speed of 2000 rpm. and are characterized by reliability and a resource of 4000 hours. The main gear (total reversible gearbox) can serve up to the first complete overhaul in 6000 hours. In the forward MO there are two M-507A main engines, working on the side shafts, and in the stern - one M-507A engine, working on the middle propeller. The mass of the M-507A engine is 17 tons. Full speed reached 35 knots, combat economical speed - 18 knots, and economical speed - 12 knots.
The AC power system 380 V, 50 Hz was powered by two DGR-300/1500 diesel generators with a capacity of 300 kW each (one DG-300 is located in the aft MO) and one DGR-75/1500 diesel generator with a capacity of 100 kW .
The armament of the ships consisted of:
- From 1 twin 57-mm AK-725 universal turret gun mount with a barrel length of 75 calibers. The gun mount is located on poop. The turret is unarmored and made of 6 mm thick duralumin with an internal surface covered with polyurethane foam to prevent fogging. The rate of fire of the AU was 100 rounds per barrel, continuous cooling with sea water, unitary tape ammunition supply for 550 rounds per barrel in the turret space. The loading of the barrels was carried out automatically due to the recoil energy, and the loading into the receiver was carried out manually. The calculation included 2 people. AU with the help of an electric servo drive ESP-72 turns to the left or right at an angle of up to 200 ° from the stowed position, and the vertical pointing angle ranged from -10 ° to + 85 °. starting speed the projectile reached 1020 m / s, and the firing range at a sea or coastal target was up to 8.5 km using shipborne target detection tools and the maximum ceiling was up to 6.5 km. AU has a mass of 14.5 tons. The aiming of the gun mount is carried out automatically and semi-automatically using remote control. For automatic control firing 57-mm artillery, an FCS is installed combined with the MR-103 "Bars" radar, and for semi-automatic control - a remote control panel with a ring sight of the "Column" type.
The fire control system of the universal 57-mm artillery "Bars-1234" consisted of:
- From the artillery fire control device (PUAO) "Bars" which included:
- a central firing machine (calculating and decisive device), which, based on incoming data from the MP-103 Bars control radar, controlled 1 twin 57-mm caliber installation, issuing data for firing air, surface and coastal targets, taking into account the movement of its ship.
- Noise protection equipment.
- The Titanit general detection radar served as a means of detection and target designation.
- After receiving target designation, the target was automatically taken to escort the MP-103 Bars firing radar.
The MR-103 "Bars" fire control radar is designed to control the fire of automatic gun mounts (AU) of 57-mm and 76-mm calibers. The station allows you to track surface, air and coastal targets and controls the firing of one gun of a universal 57-mm caliber. Radar with antenna post, automatically accompanies the target at a distance of up to 40 km without interference and 30 km if they are available. The station has a field of view in azimuth of 180 °, and the illumination of the situation and the reflection of current information is carried out on an indicator with a CRT.
The 4P33 fire control system for the Osa-M air defense system consisted of:
- Noise protection equipment.
- Information about the target can also come from the Titanit general detection radar.
The ships were equipped with the Titanit general detection radar, the Don navigation radar, the MRP-11-12 Zaliv RTR radar, the Nichrome state recognition equipment, and Khmel-2 infrared night vision equipment.
General detection radar "Titanit" is designed to detect air, coastal and surface targets and target designation to ship weapons, receive information from aviation air surveillance and direction finding systems - the MRTS-1 system (marine radio-technical target designation system), and also provides control of joint combat operations and provides a solution to navigation problems. The complex operates in active and passive modes, allows you to exchange information and control strike missile weapons and joint combat operations (USBD). The main antenna post DO-1 in a fiberglass fairing was located on the roof of the wheelhouse and provided active target detection ("A") and passive target detection ("P") modes. Two DO-2 antenna posts in fairings located on both sides of the DO-1 antenna post provided the mode of receiving information for managing joint combat operations (USBD). The antenna post DO-3, located on the roof of the cabin in front of the DO-1 post, provided the control mode for the Malachite strike missile system. The antenna post DO-4, located on the mast at the rear under the frame of the direction finder, provided a mode for transmitting information for managing joint military operations (USBD). Antenna post DO-5, located on the mast in front of the direction finder frame, provided the navigation mode. The antenna post DO-6, located on the mast, provided the mode for receiving information from the MRTS-1 system (marine radio target designation system). The radar is all-weather and can be operated in various climatic zones. In active mode, with normal radar observability, the detection range of a surface target is up to 40 km. In passive mode, the station provides detection of radiation from operating transmitters of surface ships, depending on the frequency range and power of electronic equipment, up to 120 km (when working with aviation at an altitude of 2 km, the target detection range is 150-170 km). In navigation mode, the detection range was characterized in the range from 40 meters to 7 km. The time of continuous operation of the complex does not exceed 12 hours. The time of bringing the complex into combat readiness without a performance check does not exceed 5 minutes, and with a performance check - does not exceed 20 minutes.
The RTR complex provided:
The ships were built at the plant No. 5 Primorsky in St. Petersburg (16) and at the plant No. 202 in Vladivostok (2).
Lead "Storm" entered service Black Sea Fleet in 1970.
Tactical and technical data project 1234
| Maximum width: | 11.8 meters |
| Width on design waterline: | 10.16 meters |
| Nose side height: | 7.6 meters |
| Board height amidships: | 5.55 meters |
| Board height in the stern: | 5 meters |
| Hull draft: | 2.4 meters |
| Power point: | 3 FSH screws, 2 rudders |
Electric power system: |
current 380 V, 50 Hz |
| Travel speed: | gross 35 knots, economic 12 knots, |
| cruising range: | |
| Seaworthiness: | 5 points |
| Autonomy: | 15 days |
| Armament: | . |
| artillery: | |
| missile: | |
| anti-aircraft missile: | 1x2 launcher ZIF-122 SAM "Osa-M" |
| electronic warfare: | Radar RTR MRP-11-12 "Zaliv". |
| radio engineering: | 1 RLC "Titanit", night vision equipment "Hmel-2", state identification equipment "Nichrom". |
| navigational: | |
| chemical: | |
| Crew: | 60 people (9 officers, 14 midshipmen) |
In total, missile ships were built from 1970 to 1982 - 18 units.
Project 1234E small missile ships
- were developed as an export option for the Indian, Libyan and Algerian navies. On export ships, the main engines of the M-507 type of export design were installed, at which the full speed was no more than 34 knots.
The armament of the ships consisted of:
- From 1 twin 57-mm AK-725 universal turret gun mount with a barrel length of 75 calibers. The gun mount is located on poop. The turret is unarmored and made of duralumin 6 mm thick with an internal surface covered with polyurethane foam to prevent fogging. The rate of fire of the AU was 100 rounds per barrel, continuous cooling with sea water, unitary tape ammunition supply for 550 rounds per barrel in the turret space. The loading of the barrels was carried out automatically due to the recoil energy, and the loading into the receiver was carried out manually. The calculation included 2 people. AU with the help of an electric servo drive ESP-72 turns to the left or right at an angle of up to 200 ° from the stowed position, and the vertical pointing angle ranged from -10 ° to + 85 °. The initial velocity of the projectile reached 1020 m / s, and the firing range at a sea or coastal target was up to 8.5 km using shipborne target detection tools and the maximum ceiling was up to 6.5 km. AU has a mass of 14.5 tons. The aiming of the gun mount is carried out automatically and semi-automatically using remote control. For automatic fire control of 57-mm artillery, an FCS is installed combined with the MR-103 Bars radar, and for semi-automatic control, a remote control panel with a Kolonka-type ring sight is installed.
- From 1 short-range air defense system "Osa-M" located in the bow of the hull below deck in a special cellar, which also contains ammunition from 24 9M-33 missiles. The launcher of the ZIF-122 complex (PU) with 2 launch guide beams located vertically and with a rotating part is located below deck in the stowed position, and the missiles are placed in five pieces on four drums. When switching to a combat position, the lifting part of the launcher rises along with two missiles. After the launch of the first rocket, the drum rotates, providing access to the loading line of the next rocket. After the launch of the second rocket, the launch beams automatically become vertical, turn to the nearest pair of drums, and the lifting part of the launcher falls behind the next two rockets. The reload time of the launcher is in the range of 16-21 seconds. Rate of fire - 2 rounds per minute for air targets and 2.8 rounds per minute for surface targets, the time for transferring fire to another target is 12 seconds. Weight PU without ammunition is 6850 kg. Rocket 9M-33 is single-stage with a dual-mode solid propellant engine. The starting charge is telescopic, and the marching charge is single-channel. The rocket is arranged according to the "duck" aerodynamic scheme, i.e. has rudders in the bow. Four wings are structurally combined into a wing unit, which is movably mounted relative to the body and rotates freely in flight. With an average flight speed of up to 500 m / s, the rocket can maneuver along the "three-point" or "half straightening" trajectory. The missile is controlled in flight by a radio command guidance system with automatic target tracking and SAM output to the line of sight. When the rocket leaves the launcher, the radar fuse is cocked and the last stage of the fuse is removed. The radio fuse begins to emit radio-magnetic pulses. When a radio command signal is given from the SU counting device, the warhead (15 kg) is detonated within a radius of up to 15 meters from the target. In the event of a missile flying past the target, a command is given to the missile for self-destruction with the detonation of the warhead. The control system consists of radar station, which has a target detection channel, a target tracking channel and a missile tracking channel, as well as a radio command channel for the missile and a calculating device. Targets are detected at a distance of 25 to 30 km at a target height of 3.5-4 km and a speed of up to 420 m/s, and at high altitudes at a distance of up to 50 km. Target tracking and the issuance of radio commands is carried out at a distance of up to 15 km. The minimum target engagement height is 60 meters above sea level.
- From the Termit-E strike anti-ship complex, which includes four P-20 Termit-E anti-ship missiles with a flight range of 15-80 km at a speed of 1.1 M, a warhead weight of 513 kg and a marching height of 25 to 50 meters . Type of homing head - combined homing with radar and thermal channels. The missiles are capable of carrying nuclear warheads with a yield of 15 kt each. The missiles are placed side by side on the upper deck in two twin non-guided, non-stabilized, non-armoured, non-damped container launchers KT-20-1234E. Launchers have a constant elevation angle - 9 °, and their axes are parallel to the diametrical plane of the ship.
- From 2 launchers of fired interference (KL-101) of the PK-16 interference complex of 82 mm caliber with a package of 16 guide tubes. Designed for setting radar and thermal distracting and misinforming decoys to counter guided weapons with radar and thermal guidance (homing) systems. The shells are manually installed in the guides of the launcher and then the firing process is automatic or semi-automatic. The rate of fire was 2 volleys / s. for any given sequence of projectiles, the range of setting false radar targets is from 500 meters to 3.5 km, and false thermal targets - from 2 to 3.5 km. The method of firing is automatic, remote, in volleys, and semi-automatic, remotely, with single shots. Bringing the loaded installation to combat readiness is carried out without the personnel entering the upper deck and consists in setting the specified firing mode on the remote control and opening the front cover. Combat maintenance of a charged installation is carried out by one number. Type of jamming projectiles RUMM-82 (TSP-60). The weight of the unloaded launcher was 400 kg.
The ships were equipped with Rangout general detection radar, Don navigation radar, RTR MRP-11-12 Zaliv radar.
Radar of general detection "Rangout", designed to detect air, coastal and surface targets and target designation of naval weapons. The station had two power levels (20 and 100 W) and could carry out all-round visibility at a frequency of 4 or 12 rpm. and allowed to control strike missile weapons. The antenna post in a fiberglass fairing was located on the roof of the wheelhouse and provided an active target detection mode in the 8-12 GHz range at four fixed frequencies spaced within a range of ± 10 MHz. With normal radar observability, the detection range of a surface target of the destroyer type is up to 25 km, of the cruiser type is up to 60 km.
The Don navigation radar was designed to illuminate the navigation situation and solve navigation problems and provide all-round visibility. The 3-cm waveband station had a cruiser-type target detection range of up to 25 km and an air target detection range of up to 50 km. The slot antenna was placed on the top of the mast. 310 mm CRT all-round indicator. The time to prepare the radar for operation from a completely off state is about 5 minutes. The time of continuous operation of the station is unlimited.
Radio-technical intelligence radar (RTR) MRP-11-12 "Zaliv", was intended to detect the radiation of operating ship and aircraft radars. The complex has an antenna post for detecting radiation, located in front of the cabin on the roof of the second tier of the superstructure. The centimeter wave station had a continuous operating time of 48 hours. The preparation time for the radar station was 30 seconds.
The RTR complex provided:
- reconnaissance and identification of radar emissions various types in all weather conditions.
Ships were built at plant No. 5 Primorsky in St. Petersburg (3) and at plant No. 341 "Vympel" in Rybinsk (7).
The lead ship was handed over to the customer in 1977.
Tactical and technical data project 1234E
| Maximum width: | 11.8 meters |
| Width on design waterline: | 10.16 meters |
| Nose side height: | 7.6 meters |
| Board height amidships: | 5.55 meters |
| Board height in the stern: | 5 meters |
| Hull draft: | 2.4 meters |
| Power point: | 3 FSH screws, 2 rudders |
Electric power system: |
2 x 300 kW diesel generators and 1 x 100 kW diesel generator, variable current 380 V, 50 Hz |
| Travel speed: | combat economic 18 knots |
| cruising range: | |
| Seaworthiness: | 5 points |
| Autonomy: | 15 days |
| Armament: | . |
| artillery: | 1x2 57-mm AK-725 assault rifle from the MR-103 "Bars" radar |
| missile: | 2x2 launchers KT-20 anti-ship missiles P-20 "Termit-E" |
| anti-aircraft missile: | 1x2 launcher ZIF-122 SAM "Osa-M" |
| electronic warfare: | 2 launchers KL-101 for setting passive interference PK-16, Radar RTR MRP-11-12 "Zaliv". |
| radio engineering: | 1 Rangout radar. |
| navigational: | 1 navigation radar "Don", 1 gyro heading indicator GKU-1, AP-3U autoplotter, NEL-7 echo sounder, LI-80 log, mag. compass KI-13, direction finder RP-50R |
| Crew: | 50 people (9 officers) |
In total, missile ships were built from 1977 to 1985 - 10 units.
Small rocket ships of project 1234.1
- were developed at the Almaz Central Design Bureau as a corrected version, with reinforced artillery and radio equipment.
The armament of the ships consists of:
- From the Malachite strike anti-ship complex, which includes six P-120 Malachite anti-ship missiles with a flight range of 15-120 km at a speed of 0.9 M, a warhead weight of 840 kg and a marching height of 50 meters. Type of homing head - combined homing with radar and thermal channels. The missiles are capable of carrying nuclear warheads with a yield of 200 kt each. Automated pre-launch preparation of a rocket salvo was provided by KAFU "Dolphin-1234". The missiles are placed side by side on the upper deck in two built-in non-guided, non-stabilized, non-armoured, non-damped launchers KT-120-1234 container type 8.8 m long. The launchers have a constant elevation angle of 9 °, and their axes are parallel to the center plane of the ship . The missile's flight altitude is controlled by an altimeter, which allows you to determine the missile's flight altitude, even when it is actively maneuvering.
- From 2 launchers of fired interference (KL-101) of the PK-16 interference complex of 82 mm caliber with a package of 16 guide tubes. Designed for setting radar and thermal distracting and misinforming decoys to counter guided weapons with radar and thermal guidance (homing) systems. The shells are manually installed in the guides of the launcher and then the firing process is automatic or semi-automatic. The rate of fire was 2 volleys / s. for any given sequence of projectiles, the range of setting false radar targets is from 500 meters to 3.5 km, and false thermal targets - from 2 to 3.5 km. The method of firing is automatic, remote, in volleys, and semi-automatic, remotely, with single shots. Bringing the loaded installation to combat readiness is carried out without the personnel entering the upper deck and consists in setting the specified firing mode on the remote control and opening the front cover. Combat maintenance of a charged installation is carried out by one number. Type of jamming projectiles RUMM-82 (TSP-60). The weight of the unloaded launcher was 400 kg.
The fire control and control system of the universal 30-mm and 76-mm artillery "Vympel-A" consists of:
- From the Vympel-A artillery fire control device (PUAO), which includes:
- central firing machine (calculating device), which, on the basis of incoming data from the MP-123/176 Vympel-A control radar, controls 1 76-mm caliber unit and 1 30-mm caliber unit, simultaneously issuing data for firing from taking into account the movement of your ship, and also enters corrections for misses during firing.
- Equipment for selection of moving targets and noise protection.
- The means of target designation is the RLC of general detection "Titanit" or "Monolith".
- After receiving the target designation, the target is automatically taken to escort the MR-123/176 Vympel-A radar.
The MR-123/176 Vympel-A fire control radar is designed to control the fire of automatic gun mounts (AU) of 30 mm and 76 mm calibers. The station allows you to track surface, air and coastal targets and controls the firing of one universal 76-mm caliber gun and 1 30-mm caliber machine gun. A decimeter-wave radar automatically tracks air targets at speeds up to 600 m/s at a distance of up to 40 km and in the presence of interference at a distance of up to 30 km, and surface targets of the type torpedo boat up to 4 km.
The fire control system 4Р33А for the Osa-MA air defense system consisted of:
- From the guidance and loading drives of the complex.
- Noise protection equipment.
- From a radar channel operating in the centimeter wave range for target detection, target tracking and sighting of missiles, transmission of commands, which reduces the reaction time of the complex and faster missile guidance to the target.
- Information about the target can also come from the Titanit or Monolith general detection radar.
The ships were equipped with Titanit or Monolith general detection radar, 2 Pechora navigation radars, Vympel-R2 electronic warfare radar, Nichrome state recognition equipment, and Khmel-2 infrared night vision equipment.
Radar general detection "Monolith", installed on ships under construction since 1986, was intended to detect and track air, coastal and surface targets and target designation of naval weapons, as well as provide control of joint combat operations (USBD). The complex operates in active and passive modes, allows you to exchange information and control strike missile weapons and joint combat operations (USBD). The main antenna post DO-1 in a fiberglass fairing is located on the roof of the wheelhouse and provides active target detection ("A"), passive target detection ("P") and missile weapon control (URO) modes. Two antenna posts DO-2 in fairings located on both sides of the mast provide the mode of receiving and transmitting information ("Bridge") for the control of joint combat operations (USBD). The radar is all-weather and can be operated in various climatic zones. In active mode, the detection range is not available. In passive mode, the station provides detection of radiation from operating transmitters of surface ships, depending on the frequency range and power of electronic equipment up to 250 km.
The Pechora navigation radar was designed to illuminate the navigation situation and solve navigation problems. The station operated in the 3.2-cm wavelength range and had a pulsed radiation power of 12 kW. The set of the station included: an antenna-rotary device (device A), an indicator (device I), a transceiver (device P), a true motion device (device D), a device for assessing the safe divergence of ships (device "Alder"). The width of the antenna radiation pattern in the horizontal plane was 0.8°, and in the vertical plane 20-25°. The screen diameter of the cathode ray tube was 310 mm, and the range scales had division marks of fixed range circles of 0.5/0.25; 1/0.25; 2/0.5; 4/1; 8/2; 16/4; 32/8; 48/12 miles respectively. The duration of the probing pulse on the range scales of 0.5 and 1 mile was 0.07 μs. The detection range of a coast 60 meters high with an antenna installation height of 15 m above sea level was at least 37 km, a destroyer about 18.5 km, and an average sea buoy is usually detected at a distance of 5.5 km. The dead zone does not exceed 25 meters. The time required to bring the station into operation does not exceed 4 minutes. The time of continuous operation of the stations is not limited.
Electronic warfare radar (EW) "Vympel-R2" is designed to detect the radiation of operating ship and aircraft radars, as well as missile homing heads (GOS) and create active interference for them. The complex has 2 antenna posts for detecting radiation, located side by side on the sections of the wings of the navigation bridge and 2 antenna posts of active countermeasures, located side by side on the mast.
The electronic warfare complex provides:
- automated reconnaissance and identification of various types of radar emissions;
- automated creation of active jamming and management of passive jamming;
- solving the problems of electronic warfare, coordinated with the solution of problems of fire weapons for air defense and missile defense of a surface ship.
The state identification system is represented by one RAS - a combined interrogator-responder "Nichrom-RRM" with the device 082M. RAS "Nichrom" allows you to identify surface and air targets to determine their belonging to their armed forces. The interrogating antenna is built in AP DO-3. An additional interrogator "Nickel-KM" with the device 082M is built into the antenna post 4R-33.
The Khmel-2 infrared night vision equipment made it possible to carry out covert communication at night, with the ships completely darkened, as well as to observe and find infrared lights. The time of continuous operation of the device was 20 hours, the direction finding range was up to 3.7 km, and the distance determination was up to 750 meters. The system operated from a 27 V DC network.
The ships were built at the plant No. 5 Primorsky in St. Petersburg (14) and at the plant No. 202 in Vladivostok (5).
Lead "Burun" entered service Northern Fleet in 1978.
Tactical and technical data project 1234.1
| Maximum width: | 11.8 meters |
| Width on design waterline: | 10.16 meters |
| Nose side height: | 7.6 meters |
| Board height amidships: | 5.55 meters |
| Board height in the stern: | 5 meters |
| Hull draft: | 2.4 meters |
| Power point: | 3 M-507A diesel-diesel units, 10,000 hp each, 3 FSH screws, 2 rudders |
Electric power system: |
2 x 300 kW diesel generators and 1 x 100 kW diesel generator, variable current 380 V, 50 Hz |
| Travel speed: | full 34 knots, economic 12 knots, combat economic 18 knots |
| cruising range: | 1600 miles at 18 knots, 4000 miles at 12 knots |
| Seaworthiness: | 5 points |
| Autonomy: | 15 days |
| Armament: | . |
| artillery: | |
| missile: | 2x3 launchers KT-120 anti-ship missiles P-120 "Malachite" |
| anti-aircraft missile: | 1x2 launcher ZIF-122 SAM "Osa-MA" |
| electronic warfare: | 2 launchers KL-101 for setting passive interference PK-16, EW radar "Vympel-R2". |
| radio engineering: | 1 RLC "Titanit" or "Monolith", equipment for night |
| navigational: | AP-3U autoplotter, NEL-7 echo sounder, LI-80 log, mag. compass KI-13, direction finder RP-50R |
| chemical: | 1 VPKhR chemical reconnaissance device, dosimeters KID-6V, 10 insulating gas masks |
| Crew: |
In total, missile ships were built from 1978 to 1992 - 19 units.
Small rocket ships of project 1234.7
- This is a modernized version of Project 1234.1 with an updated Onyx anti-ship missile system, which includes twelve P-800 Onyx anti-ship missiles.
The armament of the ships consists of:
- From 1 single-barreled 76-mm universal turret gun mount AK-176 with a barrel length of 54 calibers. The gun mount is located on poop. The tower has a lightweight version, made of aluminum-magnesium alloy Amr61 4 mm thick, with streamlined rounded shapes. The rate of fire of the AU is 75 shots with a break of 30 minutes, the barrel is continuously cooled by sea water, the ammunition includes 152 shots. The loading of the barrel is automatic, continuous on both sides, clip-on. The feed system consists of a platform on which there are 2 horizontal conveyors with 2 clips of 76 shots, 2 chain elevators with receivers and 2 pendulums driven by a common electric motor. Manual filing is possible. The survivability of the barrel is 3000 shots. The calculation includes 2 people. AU using a remote electric drive ESP-221 turns to the left or right at an angle of up to 175 ° from the stowed position, and the vertical pointing angle ranges from -15 ° to + 85 °. The initial velocity of the projectile reaches 980 m / s, and the firing range at a sea or coastal target is up to 15 km using shipborne target detection tools and the maximum ceiling is up to 8 km. AU has a mass of 13.1 tons. The aiming of the gun mount is carried out automatically and semi-automatically with the help of remote control and manually on the VD-221 double sighting sights located in the turret itself. To control the firing of 76-mm artillery, an FCS is installed combined with the MR-123/176 Vympel-A radar.
- From 1 six-barreled 30-mm AK-630M assault rifle with a long barrel of 54 caliber, located in the aft part on the roof of the first tier of the superstructure. A turret-type gun mount with a rotating block of barrels in a casing with a longitudinal-piston breech block, which provides for forced reloading of the shot and extraction of the cartridge case. The rate of fire of the installation is 4000-5000 rounds / min. The vertical pointing angle is from -12 to +88°, and the horizontal pointing angle is up to 180°. The initial velocity of the projectile is 960 m / s, the firing range is up to 8.1 km. The feed of the machine is tape, the tape for 2000 rounds is located in a round magazine. The calculation of the gun includes 2 people. The mass of the installation is 1,918 kg. The assault rifles have a remote control system from the MR-123/176 Vympel-A radar.
- From 1 short-range air defense system "Osa-MA" located in the bow of the hull below deck in a special cellar, which also contains ammunition from 24 9M-33M2 missiles. The launcher of the ZIF-122 complex (PU) with 2 launch guide beams located vertically and with a rotating part is located below deck in the stowed position, and the missiles are placed in five pieces on four drums. When switching to a combat position, the lifting part of the launcher rises along with two missiles. After the launch of the first rocket, the drum rotates, providing access to the loading line of the next rocket. After the launch of the second rocket, the launch beams automatically become vertical, turn to the nearest pair of drums, and the lifting part of the launcher falls behind the next two rockets. The reload time of the launcher is in the range of 16-21 seconds. Rate of fire - 2 rounds per minute for air targets and 2.8 rounds per minute for surface targets, the time for transferring fire to another target is 12 seconds. Weight PU without ammunition is 6.85 tons. Rocket 9M-33M2 is single-stage with a dual-mode solid propellant engine. The starting charge is telescopic, and the marching charge is single-channel. The rocket is arranged according to the "duck" aerodynamic scheme, i.e. has rudders in the bow. Four wings are structurally combined into a wing unit, which is movably mounted relative to the body and rotates freely in flight. With an average flight speed of up to 500 m / s, the rocket can maneuver along the "three-point" or "half straightening" trajectory. The missile is controlled in flight by a radio command guidance system with automatic target tracking and SAM output to the line of sight. When the rocket leaves the launcher, the radar fuse is cocked and the last stage of the fuse is removed. The radio fuse begins to emit radio-magnetic pulses. The radio fuse was modified in the rocket by introducing a two-channel receiver into it with an autonomous height analysis circuit at the time of cocking. When a radio command signal is given from the SU counting device, the warhead (15 kg) is detonated within a radius of up to 15 meters from the target. In the event of a missile flying past the target, a command is given to the missile for self-destruction with the detonation of the warhead. The control system consists of a radar station, which has a target detection channel, a target tracking channel and a missile tracking channel, as well as a radio command channel for the missile and a calculating device. The conditions for auto-tracking a target in passive jamming have been improved by introducing an external coherence mode in the target tracking station. Target detection occurs at a distance of 25 to 30 km at a target height of 3.5-4 km and a speed of up to 500 m / s, and at high altitudes at a distance of up to 50 km. Target tracking and the issuance of radio commands is carried out at a distance of up to 15 km. The minimum target engagement height is 25 meters above sea level.
- From the Oniks strike anti-ship complex, which includes twelve P-800 Oniks anti-ship missiles with a low-altitude trajectory flight range of up to 120 km at a speed of Mach 2, and a combined high-altitude trajectory of up to 300 km at a speed of Mach 2.6 and a combat mass parts of 250 kg and a marching height from 10 meters to 14 km. Type of homing head - combined homing with radar and inertial channels. The missiles are placed side by side on the upper deck in two geared non-guided, non-stabilized, non-armored, non-damped launch containers CM-403. Launchers have a constant elevation angle - 15 °, and their axes are parallel to the diametrical plane of the ship. The missile's flight altitude is controlled by an altimeter, which allows you to determine the missile's flight altitude, even when it is actively maneuvering.
- From 2 launchers of fired interference (KL-101) of the PK-16 interference complex of 82 mm caliber with a package of 16 guide tubes. Designed for setting radar and thermal distracting and misinforming decoys to counter guided weapons with radar and thermal guidance (homing) systems. The shells are manually installed in the guides of the launcher and then the firing process is automatic or semi-automatic. The rate of fire was 2 volleys / s. for any given sequence of projectiles, the range of setting false radar targets is from 500 meters to 3.5 km, and false thermal targets - from 2 to 3.5 km. The method of firing is automatic, remote, in volleys, and semi-automatic, remotely, with single shots. Bringing the loaded installation to combat readiness is carried out without the personnel entering the upper deck and consists in setting the specified firing mode on the remote control and opening the front cover. Combat maintenance of a charged installation is carried out by one number. Type of jamming projectiles RUMM-82 (TSP-60). The weight of the unloaded launcher was 400 kg.
- From 2 launchers (PU) fired interference PK-10 "Courageous" caliber 120 mm with 10 installed projectiles. Designed to increase the effectiveness of the ship's air defense in the final homing sector of air attack weapons by setting radio-electronic and optoelectronic decoy targets. The firing mode is automatic - in volleys, manual - in single shells. Type of jamming projectiles AZ-SR-50 (radar), AZ-SO-50 (optical-electronic). The mass of PU was 336 kg.
The ship was equipped with Monolith general detection radar, 2 Pechora navigation radars, Vympel-R2 electronic warfare radar, Nichrome state recognition equipment, Khmel-2 infrared night vision equipment.
The ship was refitted at plant No. 5 Primorsky in St. Petersburg.
The lead "Nakat" entered service with the Northern Fleet in 1996.
Tactical and technical data project 1234.7
| Maximum width: | 11.8 meters |
| Width on design waterline: | 10.16 meters |
| Nose side height: | 7.6 meters |
| Board height amidships: | 5.55 meters |
| Board height in the stern: | 5 meters |
| Hull draft: | 2.4 meters |
| Power point: | 3 M-507A diesel-diesel units, 10,000 hp each, 3 FSH screws, 2 rudders |
Electric power system: |
2 x 300 kW diesel generators and 1 x 100 kW diesel generator, variable current 380 V, 50 Hz |
| Travel speed: | full 34 knots, economic 12 knots, combat economic 18 knots |
| cruising range: | 1600 miles at 18 knots, 4000 miles at 12 knots |
| Seaworthiness: | 5 points |
| Autonomy: | 15 days |
| Armament: | . |
| artillery: | 1x1 76mm AK-176 assault rifle and 1x6 AK-630M assault rifle from the radar MR-123/176 "Vympel-A" |
| missile: | 2x6 launchers SM-403 anti-ship missiles P-800 "Onyx" |
| anti-aircraft missile: | 1x2 launcher ZIF-122 SAM "Osa-MA" |
| electronic warfare: | 2 launchers KL-101 for setting passive interference PK-16, 2 launchers PK-10 "Courageous", electronic warfare radar "Vympel-R2". |
| radio engineering: | 1 RLC "Monolit", equipment for night visions "Hmel-2", state recognition equipment "Nichrom". |
| navigational: | 2 navigation radar "Pechora", 1 gyro heading indicator GKU-1, AP-3U autoplotter, NEL-7 echo sounder, LI-80 log, mag. compass KI-13, direction finder RP-50R |
| chemical: | 1 VPKhR chemical reconnaissance device, dosimeters KID-6V, 10 insulating gas masks |
| Crew: | 62 people (9 officers, 14 midshipmen) |
In total, missile ships were converted in 1996 - 1 unit.
Project 1234EM small rocket ships
- this is the modernization of the export RTOs of the Algerian Navy. The modernization project was developed at Almaz Central Design Bureau under the leadership of Chief Designer Yu. V. Arseniev. The project provides for replacing the outdated Termit-E strike missile system with the Uran-E complex, as well as strengthening anti-aircraft, radio engineering and navigation weapons.
The armament of the ships consists of:
- From 1 twin 57-mm AK-725 universal turret gun mount with a barrel length of 75 calibers. The gun mount is located on poop. The turret is unarmored and made of duralumin 6 mm thick with an internal surface covered with polyurethane foam to prevent fogging. The rate of fire of the AU was 100 rounds per barrel, continuous cooling with sea water, unitary tape ammunition supply for 550 rounds per barrel in the turret space. The loading of the barrels was carried out automatically due to the recoil energy, and the loading into the receiver was carried out manually. The calculation included 2 people. AU with the help of an electric servo drive ESP-72 turns to the left or right at an angle of up to 200 ° from the stowed position, and the vertical pointing angle ranged from -10 ° to + 85 °. The initial velocity of the projectile reached 1020 m / s, and the firing range at a sea or coastal target was up to 8.5 km using shipborne target detection tools and the maximum ceiling was up to 6.5 km. AU has a mass of 14.5 tons. The aiming of the gun mount is carried out automatically by remote control. For automatic fire control of 57-mm artillery, an SLA combined with the MR-123-02 "Bagheera" radar is installed.
- From 1 six-barreled 30-mm AK-630M assault rifle with a long barrel of 54 caliber, located in the aft part on the roof of the first tier of the superstructure. A turret-type gun mount with a rotating block of barrels in a casing with a longitudinal-piston breech block, which provides for forced reloading of the shot and extraction of the cartridge case. The rate of fire of the installation is 4000-5000 rounds / min. The vertical pointing angle is from -12 to +88°, and the horizontal pointing angle is up to 180°. The initial velocity of the projectile is 960 m / s, the firing range is up to 8.1 km. The feed of the machine is tape, the tape for 2000 rounds is located in a round magazine. The calculation of the gun includes 2 people. The mass of the installation is 1,918 kg. The assault rifles have a remote control system from the MR-123-02 "Bagheera" radar.
- From 1 short-range air defense system "Osa-M" located in the bow of the hull below deck in a special cellar, which also contains ammunition from 24 9M-33 missiles. The launcher of the ZIF-122 complex (PU) with 2 launch guide beams located vertically and with a rotating part is located below deck in the stowed position, and the missiles are placed in five pieces on four drums. When switching to a combat position, the lifting part of the launcher rises along with two missiles. After the launch of the first rocket, the drum rotates, providing access to the loading line of the next rocket. After the launch of the second rocket, the launch beams automatically become vertical, turn to the nearest pair of drums, and the lifting part of the launcher falls behind the next two rockets. The reload time of the launcher is in the range of 16-21 seconds. Rate of fire - 2 rounds per minute for air targets and 2.8 rounds per minute for surface targets, the time for transferring fire to another target is 12 seconds. Weight PU without ammunition is 6850 kg. Rocket 9M-33 is single-stage with a dual-mode solid propellant engine. The starting charge is telescopic, and the marching charge is single-channel. The rocket is arranged according to the "duck" aerodynamic scheme, i.e. has rudders in the bow. Four wings are structurally combined into a wing unit, which is movably mounted relative to the body and rotates freely in flight. With an average flight speed of up to 500 m / s, the rocket can maneuver along the "three-point" or "half straightening" trajectory. The missile is controlled in flight by a radio command guidance system with automatic target tracking and SAM output to the line of sight. When the rocket leaves the launcher, the radar fuse is cocked and the last stage of the fuse is removed. The radio fuse begins to emit radio-magnetic pulses. When a radio command signal is given from the SU counting device, the warhead (15 kg) is detonated within a radius of up to 15 meters from the target. In the event of a missile flying past the target, a command is given to the missile for self-destruction with the detonation of the warhead. The control system consists of a radar station, which has a target detection channel, a target tracking channel and a missile tracking channel, as well as a radio command channel for the missile and a calculating device. Targets are detected at a distance of 25 to 30 km at a target height of 3.5-4 km and a speed of up to 420 m/s, and at high altitudes at a distance of up to 50 km. Target tracking and the issuance of radio commands is carried out at a distance of up to 15 km. The minimum target engagement height is 60 meters above sea level.
- From the Uran-E strike anti-ship complex, which includes sixteen 3M-24E Uran-E anti-ship missiles with a flight range of 5-130 km at a speed of 0.9 M, a warhead weight of 145 kg and a marching height of 5 to 10 meters and the final height of approach to the target from 3-5 meters. Type of homing head - combined homing with inertial and active radar channels. The missiles are placed side by side on the upper deck in four quadruple non-guided, non-stabilized, non-armoured, non-damped launch containers KT-184. The launchers are placed in pairs, side by side one after the other and have a constant elevation angle of 35 °, and their axes are parallel to the diametrical plane of the ship.
The ships were equipped with the MR-352ME Pozitiv-ME air situational illumination radar, the Harpoon-E surface illumination radar, the Gorizont-25 radio navigation system (RNS) and the SOD-1234EM type data exchange system.
The MR-352ME Pozitiv-ME airborne surveillance radar is designed to detect air, coastal and surface targets. The station is a three-coordinate, centimeter-wave range has an energy capacity of 4 kW and provides automatic target allocation and output of target designation data to artillery fire control systems. The antenna post with a phased antenna array (PAR) is located at the top of the mast and provides an active target detection mode. The radar simultaneously accompanies up to 50 targets and outputs data on 16 of them to the artillery fire control system. With normal radar observability, the detection range of an air target is up to 150 km.
Radar for illumination of the surface situation "Harpoon-E" is designed to detect surface and low-flying targets, early warning of the radar detection of one's own ship, issuing missile weapons to the command center, as well as receiving and processing information from external sources via radio communication in the interests of the command center. The station has an energy capacity of 1 kW and provides active (A) and high-precision passive (P) modes of displaying the surface situation. The antenna post is located on the roof of the cabin. The active mode is used to control missile weapons (URO), can handle up to 100 targets and has a target detection range of up to 35 km under normal radar observability, and up to 90 km with increased refraction. The passive mode allows you to detect enemy radar radiation in the frequency range of 0.8-12 GHz and has a target detection range of up to 120 km, depending on the frequency range. Station readiness time for operation is 5 minutes. The time of continuous operation of the radar is 24 hours with a break of 1 hour.
Radio navigation system (RNS) "Horizon-25", designed for automated control vessel and solving navigation problems. The system allows you to continuously calculate and display the position of the vessel and its movement parameters with reference to the sea chart and radar image, maintain an electronic ship log and playback of recorded navigation information, as well as solve navigation problems and prevent ship collisions.
The complex consists of:
- Navigation radar MR-231 "Horizont";
- Electronic Cartographic Navigation and Information System (ECDIS) MK-54IS;
- Satellite navigation receiver МТ-102 with power supply IP~ 220/=24 V;
- UPS uninterruptible power supply;
- printer;
- RP power distribution boxes.
The data exchange system of the SOD-1234EM type is designed to ensure the joint operation of Russian-made radio-technical weapons with foreign ones. Two antenna posts DO-1 in radomes were located on both sides of the mast and provide a mode for receiving control information for joint work with other ships, aircraft and coastal posts. Two antenna posts DO-2 in fairings were located on both sides of the mast and provide a mode for transmitting control information when working together with other ships, aircraft and coastal posts.
The ships were modernized at the plant number 190 "Severnaya Verf" in St. Petersburg.
The head "Salah Reis" was handed over to the customer in 2001.
Tactical and technical data project 1234EM
| Maximum width: | 11.8 meters |
| Width on design waterline: | 10.16 meters |
| Nose side height: | 7.6 meters |
| Board height amidships: | 5.55 meters |
| Board height in the stern: | 5 meters |
| Hull draft: | 2.4 meters |
| Power point: | 3 M-507 diesel-diesel units, 10,000 hp each, 3 FSH screws, 2 rudders |
Electric power system: |
2 x 300 kW diesel generators and 1 x 100 kW diesel generator, variable current 380 V, 50 Hz |
| Travel speed: | full 34 knots, economic 12 knots, combat economic 18 knots |
| cruising range: | 1600 miles at 18 knots, 3500 miles at 12 knots |
| Seaworthiness: | 5 points |
| Autonomy: | 15 days |
| Armament: | . |
| artillery: | 1x2 57mm AK-725 assault rifle and 1x6 30mm assault rifle AK-630M from the radar MR-123-02 "Bagheera" |
| missile: | 4x4 launchers KT-184 anti-ship missiles 3M-24E "Uran-E" |
| anti-aircraft missile: | 1x2 launcher ZIF-122 SAM "Osa-M" |
| radio engineering: | 1 MR-352ME Pozitiv-ME radar, 1 Harpoon-E radar. |
| navigational: | 1 RNS "Horizon-25", 1 gyro, AP-3U autoplotter, NEL-7 echo sounder, LI-80 log, mag. compass KI-13 |
| Crew: | 50 people (9 officers) |
In total, missile ships were modernized from 2001 to 2009 - 3 units.
