Small rocket ship gadfly. Small missile ships - the future of the Russian Navy? G

This is a high-speed small-sized boat armed with various types of missiles. For the first time, a ship equipped with missiles was designed by Soviet designers. The fleet of the USSR adopted a ship of this class into service in the 60s. XX century. It was a fast and maneuverable ship 183 P "Komar". The floating apparatus was armed with two missiles. The second Soviet model with four P-15 missiles was a Project 205 missile boat. Later, Israel became the owner of a Saar-type vessel equipped with rocket launchers.

Missile boat “Komar”

Combat use

Boats are designed to destroy surface enemy targets. These can be transport, landing, artillery ships, naval groups and their covers. Another function of a high-speed boat is to cover "their" ships from sea and air threats. They operate both near the shore and far out to sea.

The first baptism of fire of a missile boat occurred during the conflict between Egypt and Israel, and was marked by the destruction of an Israeli destroyer. The destroyer was destroyed by P-15 missiles fired by the Egyptian Mosquito. This case showed the effectiveness of ships of this class in military use and thus convinced many states of the need to create boats with missiles on board.

Boat “Komar”

Projects 205 and 205U "Mosquito"

Project 205 Mosquito was developed by the Almaz design bureau in the mid-1950s. The boats had a steel hull. Engineers have strengthened the armament and seaworthiness of the apparatus. Another difference from the model 183P boat was the rounded ship superstructures and a special deck shape, which allows you to quickly wash away radioactive contamination. Power point consisted of a 42-cylinder radial diesel engine M503. The boat became part of the navy of the Soviet Union in 1960.

Boat “Mosquito”

In the early 60s. the Almaz design organization developed the 205U boat. This vessel was armed with a modernized P-15U missile. The wing of the rocket was automatically opened upon takeoff. Also on board were two twin 30-mm AK-230 artillery mounts.

The boats of these projects were participants in several serious military conflicts:

Conflict between Egypt and Israel in the 70s. XX century
Pakistan-India war in 1971
War between Arab countries and Israel in 1973
Iran-Iraq war of the 80s.
The war between the US and Iraqi forces in the early 90s.

project 205 missile boat

Rocket boat design

At first, missile boats had the hull of a torpedo boat. Torpedoes were removed from the ship, and rockets were installed. But in the course of their use, a number of new requirements for the vessel appeared:

Specially equipped containers for weapons and special rocket launchers were required, designed for use on a ship.
It was necessary to change superstructures and some parts of the deck to remove jet gases when launching missiles, as well as to protect the crew and on-board equipment.
It became necessary to equip with powerful radar systems to control and detect missiles.
The displacement of the boat has increased. The average displacement of water is from 170 to 1.5 thousand tons.
The hull is made of steel and has a smooth deck. The superstructure of the missile boat is made of high-strength aluminum alloys. The vertical walls of the case are waterproof. The length of the hull is from 30 to 65 meters, and the width is up to 17 meters.
The power plant of rocket ships, as a rule, has gas turbine or diesel engines. But, for example, the Molniya missile boat is equipped with a propulsion system combined type: two M-70 afterburner turbines and two M-510 diesel engines. They drive fixed-pitch propellers. This increases the speed capabilities of the vessel - up to 40 knots. The range is about 1500 miles with an average speed of 20 knots.
The seaworthiness of the ships is quite high. This was achieved due to the rounded design of the bow, deck and special superstructure, high displacement.
In the event of a shipwreck, life rafts are evenly spaced around the entire perimeter.
The crew of the missile boats ranges from 27 to 78 people. So the Molniya missile boat of projects 12418, 12411 and 12421 accommodates 40-41 sailors and officers on board. And on the large missile boat Bora - 78, including the commander of the ship. Placed personnel in cabins and cockpits.

Missile boat armament

Already from the name itself, it can be understood that the main weapons of the boat are rocket, anti-aircraft and artillery installations of various modifications and types. All installations have accurate homing systems and, unlike artillery, a long range.

The main equipment are several types of rocket launchers. The first PRU "Osa-M". This complex can independently detect targets. For this, the installation is equipped with a locator. It helps to see an object located at a height of up to 4 km and a distance of up to 30 km. The complex also consists of means for setting targets and sighting missiles, equipment for transmitting commands and a remote control for three operators.

The second installation that the boat is equipped with is the Moskit anti-ship missile system. It is designed to destroy surface objects. Missiles are resistant to the effects of a nuclear explosion. The complex is used in coastal defense and naval aviation. "Mosquito" is able to pierce any skin of the ship and explode inside the ship. It has a combined control system: navigation and homing. This guarantees a high hit on the target.

Another installation designed for installation on ships is Malachite. This is a Russian-style cruise missile that destroys surface ships. Malachite is a more powerful modification of the first P-70 Amethyst cruise missile.

Its control system includes:

Autopilot APLI-5;
Radar system "Dvina";
Thermal system "Drofa".

Small rocket ship "Bora"

For example, rocket Bora» equipped with:

Two launchers "Mosquito" for 8 missiles of the 3M80 type;
One paired launcher of the Osa-M anti-aircraft missile system for 20 missiles;
One 76mm AK-176 and two 30mm AK-630s.

Small rocket ship "Mirage"

Mirage» armed with:

Six launchers of Malachite anti-ship missiles, loaded with 6 P-120 missiles each;
One 76mm AK-176 and 30mm AK-630;
One paired Osa-M anti-aircraft missile system for 20 missiles.

Small rocket ship "Ivanovets"

Ivanovets» equipped with:

Four launchers "Mosquito" for 4 missiles;
One 76mm AK-176 and one 30mm AK-630;
One anti-aircraft installation "Igla".

Vessels use active and passive target detection. Navigation and radar systems are located at the top of the control room. Radars of the "Monolith" or "Harpoon" model are usually installed. On the superstructure of the floating facility is the Vympel radar system and Spektr-F laser warning equipment. Boats are able to recognize the nationality of nearby ships. For this, the board is equipped with a special “friend or foe” device.

Modern missile boats

The Russian fleet can be proud of the fact that it had a large number of missile boats in service over the years. Many of their representatives were exported to other countries: Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, India, Vietnam, Turkmenistan, Yemen, Egypt.

A total of 62 models and modifications of missile boats were designed. Here are the main operating boats:

Bora has been in service since 1984
Boat R-60 project 12411 - since 1985
The Mirage boat was put into service in 1983
R-71 "Shuya" has been on the meringue of the Russian fleet since 1985
R-109 project 12411 - in service since 1990
The boat "Naberezhnye Chelny" has been operating since 1989
Missile small ship "Ivanovets" - since 1990
"Samum" project 1239 was accepted into the ranks of the fleet in 1991
The Shtil boat has been in the fleet since 1976.

All of them have powerful latest equipment and weapons that meet international standards. military equipment.

In the previous article, we touched a little on the state of the "mosquito" forces of our fleet using the example of small anti-submarine ships and were forced to state that this class in the Russian Navy has not received renewal and development. As we said earlier, the Russian Navy had 99 MPKs with a displacement of 320 to 830 tons, and by the end of 2015, 27 units remained in service, built in the 80s of the last century, which will also soon "time to retire", especially since their capabilities against 4th generation submarines are extremely doubtful. But new MPKs are not being built: the creation of ships of this class has been discontinued, apparently in the expectation that corvettes will fulfill their role. Which, alas, due to their small number, of course, will not be able to solve the tasks of the Soviet TFR and MPK at least to some extent.

Well, now let's look at the shock component of the "mosquito" forces - small missile ships (RTOs) and boats (RK). In order not to injure the psyche, we will not recall how many RTOs and RK served under the Soviet flag, but we will take December 1, 2015 as a starting point and list only those ships that were laid down in the USSR.

MRK project 1239 "Sivuch" - 2 units.

Unique skeg-type hovercraft, i.e., in fact, catamarans with two narrow hulls and a wide deck. Speed - 55 knots (interestingly, the website of the Zelenodolsk plant indicates “about 45 knots.” Typo?), Armament - 8 anti-ship missiles “Moskit”, air defense system “Osa-M”, one 76-mm AK-176 installation and two 30- mm AK-630. In addition to impressive speed, they have quite acceptable seaworthiness: RTOs of this type can use their own in waves of 5 points at a speed of 30-40 knots and in a displacement position - up to 8 points inclusive.

Laid down in the USSR in the 80s, completed already in the Russian Federation in 1997-1999, so we can expect that ships of this type will last another 15-20 years. And that is great. The resumption of the creation of ships of this type is hardly rational, since their cost is probably very, very high (a specific hull, a heavy-duty power plant), but those that have already been built should be kept in the Russian Navy as long as possible, repairing and modernizing in a timely manner.

MRK project 1234.1 "Gadfly" (according to NATO classification) - 12 units.

With a standard displacement of 610 tons, these ships had a highly developed and balanced armament, including two built-in launchers for P-120 Malakhit anti-ship missiles, one Osa-MA twin-beam air defense system, a 76-mm artillery mount and 30 -mm "metal cutter". The speed of RTOs of this project also inspired respect - 35 knots, despite the fact that rocket weapons could be used in waves up to 5 points.

These ships were laid down in the period from 1975 to 1989, and those of them that are still in service joined the ranks of the fleet in the period from 1979 to 1992. Accordingly, today their age is from 26 to 40 years, and 9 "Gadflies" have not yet crossed the thirty-year milestone. Based on this, it can be assumed that it is technically possible to keep them in the fleet for another decade. Another question is, is it necessary?

The fact is that the main weapon of RTOs, anti-ship missiles P-120 Malachite, was developed back in the 60s of the last century, and even at the time of the collapse of the USSR, it was far from being at the peak of technical progress. Its maximum flight range was 150 km, speed (according to various sources) 0.9-1 M, flight altitude on the marching section - 60 m. powerful 800-kg warhead, but today this anti-ship missile is completely outdated. At the same time, it no longer makes much sense to modernize almost thirty-year-old ships for new missiles, so their further presence in the fleet will have a more decorative than practical function.

RTO project 1234.7 "Roll" - 1 unit.

The same RTO "Gadfly", only instead of six P-120 "Malachite" carried 12 (!) P-800 "Onyx". It was probably an experimental ship, today it has been withdrawn from the fleet. According to some reports, it was decommissioned back in 2012, but S.S. Berezhnov, whom the author of the article focuses on, lists him as part of the Navy at the end of 2015, so Nakat nevertheless falls into our list.

RTOs of project 11661 and 11661M "Tatarstan" - 2 units.

Ships of this type were created as a replacement for the small anti-submarine ships of project 1124, but, being laid down in 1990-1991. were completed already in the Russian Federation as patrol (and missile) ships. "Tatarstan" had a standard displacement of 1,560 tons, a speed of 28 knots, was armed with eight Uran anti-ship missiles, an Osa-MA air defense system, one 76-mm gun mount, two 30-mm AK-630s and the same number of 14.5 KPVT machine guns. "Dagestan" had the same characteristics, but instead of "Uranus" received eight "Caliber", and instead of "metal cutters" - ZAK "Broadsword". "Tatarstan" entered service in 2003, "Dagestan" - in 2012, both ships serve in the Caspian flotilla.

Missile boats of project 1241.1 (1241-M) "Lightning" - 18 units.

The main missile boat of the Russian Navy. Standard displacement - 392 tons, 42 knots, four supersonic P-270 "Mosquito", 76-mm AK-176 and two 30-mm AK-630. On one of the boats ("Storm"), instead of two "metal cutters", ZAK "Broadsword" was installed. The bulk of these boats entered service in 1988-1992, one - in 1994, and the Chuvashia, laid down in 1991 - even in 2000. Accordingly, the age of 16 missile boats is 26-30 years, thanks to the equipment of anti-ship missiles "Mosquito" ships still retain their relevance and, apparently, can be kept in the fleet for another 7-10 years. The Russian Navy also has the nineteenth ship of this type, but the launchers for the Mosquitoes have been dismantled from it, which is why it would be wrong to list it as a missile boat.

RK project 12411 (1241-T) - 4 units

We ignore minor details. It turned out like this: in the USSR, a missile boat was developed for the latest supersonic Moskit missiles, but the anti-ship missiles were somewhat late, which is why the first series of Lightnings was armed with old Termites with the same artillery. The ships were put into operation in 1984-1986, today they are from 32 to 34 years old, and their main armament lost its combat value in the 80s of the last century. Modernizing these ships is pointless due to their age, keeping them in the Navy is also pointless, so we should expect them to be decommissioned in the next 5 years.

RK project 1241.7 "Shuya" - 1 unit.

Entered into operation in 1985 "Lightning" of the first series with "Termites", but with dismantled "metal cutters" and installed instead of ZRAK "Kortik", which, subsequently, was also dismantled. Obviously, this ship is waiting for withdrawal from the fleet in the next 5 years.

RK project 206 MR - 2 units.

Small (233 tons) hydrofoils. 42 knots, 2 Termit missiles, 76-mm gun mount and one AK-630 assault rifle. Both boats entered service in 1983, they are now 35 years old and both are obvious candidates for decommissioning in the very near future.

Thus, from the "Soviet legacy" as of December 1, 2015, 44 small missile ships and missile boats served in the Russian Navy, of which 22 had real combat value, incl. two "Sivuch" and 18 "Lightning", armed anti-ship missiles "Moskit", as well as two Caspian "Tatarstan". Nevertheless, until 2025, the bulk of these ships may well remain in service - today the Nakat has retired from the fleet, and it should be expected that 7 boats armed with Termit missiles will follow it in the very near future, but the rest may well serve until 2025 and beyond.

Perhaps that is why the GPV 2011-2020. did not provide for the mass construction of shock "mosquito" forces - it was supposed to put into operation only a few ships of project 21631 "Buyan-M". These ships are an enlarged and "rocketed" version of a small artillery ship project 21630. With a displacement of 949 tons, Buyan-M is capable of developing 25 knots, its armament is UKKS with 8 cells, capable of using the Caliber family of missiles, 100-mm AU-190 and 30-mm AK-630M-2 "Duet ”and the Gibka-R air defense system with 9M39 Igla missiles.

But, given the low speed and the fact that "Buyan-M" refers to ships of the "river - sea" class, it can hardly be considered a replacement for small missile ships and boats focused on strikes against enemy ship groups in our near sea zone . Most likely, Buyan-M is just a "case" for cruise (not anti-ship!) Caliber missiles. As you know, the ground deployment of short-range (500-1,000 km) and medium-range (1,000-5,500 km) cruise missiles is prohibited by the INF Treaty of December 8, 1987, nevertheless, the armed forces of the United States and the Russian Federation, of course, feel the need for such ammunition. The Americans compensated for the absence of such missiles by deploying sea-based Tomahawk missiles, while we, after the death of the USSR fleet, did not have such an opportunity. In this situation, the transformation of our "Caliber" into "river deployment" missiles is a logical step that does not violate international treaties. River channel system Russian Federation allows you to move the Buyans-M between the Caspian, Black and Baltic seas, on the rivers these ships can be reliably covered by ground-based air defense systems and aircraft, and they can launch missiles from anywhere on the route.

Probably, in case of emergency, Buyany-M is also able to operate at sea, having received the Caliber anti-ship version, but, obviously, this is not their profile. This is also “hinted” by their composition of radar weapons, but we will talk about this a little later.

The real restoration of the "mosquito" fleet can be considered the construction of a series of small missile ships of project 22380 "Karakurt". These are small, highly specialized attack ships, the total displacement of which does not reach 800 tons. Three M-507D-1 diesel engines manufactured by Zvezda PJSC, with a capacity of 8,000 hp each, are used as a power plant. each - together they report "Karakurt" a speed of about 30 knots. The main armament of the ship is UKKS for 8 cells for Caliber / Onyx missiles, 76-mm artillery mount AK-176MA and ZRAK Pantsir-ME, as well as two 12.7-mm Kord machine guns. On the first two ships of the series, two 30-mm AK-630s were installed instead of the "Shell".

A number of sources indicate that, in addition to "metal cutters", RTOs are equipped with MANPADS, but here, apparently, we are talking not about "Bending", but simply about the usual MANPADS (pipe on the shoulder).

Radar armament of project 22800 emphasizes its shock, anti-ship orientation. The Mineral-M general detection radar is installed on the Karakurt, the capabilities of which are extremely high for a ship whose displacement “does not reach” even up to 1,000 tons.

In addition to the tasks of detecting and tracking surface and air targets, which are usual for radars of this type, Mineral-M is capable of carrying out:

1) automated reception, processing and display of information on the surface situation coming from compatible systems located on ground facilities or ships of the tactical group, from external sources(command control systems, remote observation posts located on ships, helicopters and other aircraft) using external means of radio communication;

2) receiving, processing and displaying information on the surface situation coming from shipborne information sources: combat information and control systems, radar stations, navigation stations, hydroacoustic systems;

3) management of joint combat operations of the ships of the tactical group.

In other words, Mineral-M is terribly network-centric: it can receive (and obviously provide) information to a group of dissimilar forces, implementing the principle “one sees - everyone sees”, and can act as a coordination center, but that's not all advantages of this complex. The fact is that "Mineral-M" can work not only in active, but also in passive mode, not emitting anything on its own, but detecting and determining the location of the enemy by its radiation. At the same time, depending on the radiation range, the detection range of radar systems ranges from 80 to 450 km. In active mode, the Mineral-M radar is capable of providing over-the-horizon target designation, the detection range of a destroyer-sized target reaches 250 km. Here, of course, it should be noted that the "over-the-horizon" mode of operation of the radar is far from always possible and depends on the state of the atmosphere. The given 250 km range, for example, is possible only under the condition of superrefraction. Nevertheless, the usefulness of this mode of radar operation for a carrier of long-range anti-ship missiles cannot be overestimated. In general, it can be stated that such a radar would look very good even on a much larger ship.

But the Buyan-M is equipped with the MR-352 Pozitiv radar, which is (as the author, who is not an expert in the field of radar, could understand) a general-purpose radar in the traditional sense of these words, i.e. without numerous "buns" - over-the-horizon target designation, etc. That is, "Positive" provides coverage of the air and surface situation at a distance of up to 128 km, and is not intended to control weapons. In principle, "Pozitiv" can provide target designation for both missiles and artillery fire, but it does not do it as well as specialized radars, because this is still a side function for it. The absence of a radar station like the Mineral-M on the Buyan-M just suggests that this RTO is not considered by the fleet leadership as a means of naval combat.

The pace of construction of the "mosquito" fleet for the Russian Navy is very impressive, and significantly exceeds the plans of the SAP 2011-2020. Since 2010, 10 RTOs of the Buyan-M type have been laid down, and a contract has been signed for two more. Five ships of this type entered the fleet in 2015-2017, while the duration of construction is about three years. To put it mildly, this is not a very good indicator for serial ships with a displacement of less than 1,000 tons, especially serial ones, but in any case, there is no doubt that the remaining five, the last of which, the Grad, will enter the fleet before 2020.

As for the Karakurts, their first pair was laid down in December 2015, both were launched in 2017, their delivery to the fleet is planned for 2018 and, in principle, these terms are realistic. And in total, nine Karakurts are currently being built (7 at Pella and 2 at the Zelenodolsk plant), the laying of the tenth is being prepared, and a contract has been signed for three more. In total - thirteen ships of project 22800, but a contract is expected to be signed with the Amur Shipbuilding Plant for another six ships of this type. Accordingly, it is quite possible to expect that by 2020 the Russian Navy will include nine Karakurts, and by 2025 there will be at least 19 of them, and this is if a decision is not made on the further construction of RTOs of this type.

In general, we can say that the construction of "Buyanov-M" the Russian Federation secured absolute superiority in the Caspian Sea and to a certain extent strengthened the arsenal of long-range precision weapons of the domestic armed forces, but talk about "Buyanakh-M" as a means of anti-ship warfare , according to the author, is still impossible.

But even without taking into account the Buyans, the widespread construction of Karakurts, in general, guarantees the reproduction of domestic mosquito forces. As we said above, the critical, "landslide" point for them will come in 7-10 years, when the service life of missile boats of the "Lightning" type will come close to 40 years and they will need to be withdrawn from the fleet. Other RTOs and missile boats, with the exception of the Samum, Bora, Tatarstan and Dagestan, will need to be decommissioned even earlier, thus the "legacy of the USSR" by 2025-2028 will be reduced by an order of magnitude (from 44 as of 01.12.2015 up to 4 units).

Nevertheless, if a contract is nevertheless signed for the construction of six Project 22800 ships for the Pacific Fleet, then 19 Karakurts will replace 18 Lightnings, and other missile boats and RTOs of the Gadfly type already today have practically no combat value due to extreme obsolescence of weapons. Thus, we can say that the reduction in the number of our RTOs and RK will not lead to a drop in their combat capability. On the contrary, due to the fact that ships with the most modern missile weapons(we should not forget that the mythical "Zircon" can be used from the standard UVP for "Onyx" and "Caliber") we should talk about expanding the capabilities of the strike component of our "mosquito" fleet. In addition, with the entry into service of the Karakurts, the “mosquito fleet” will acquire the ability to strike with long-range cruise missiles at the enemy’s land infrastructure, as was done in Syria.

Unfortunately, it is impossible to predict how many Karakurts will be laid down in the coming years under the new SAP 2018-2025. Here, perhaps, both an increase in the series to 25-30 ships, and the refusal of their further construction, limiting the series to 13 ships. However, there are at least 2 reasons why we should expect the construction of the Pacific Karakurt.

First, the leadership of the country, after demonstrating the capabilities of the Caspian flotilla to hit targets in Syria, should look favorably on small missile ships. Secondly, the admirals of our Navy, having a monstrous failure in surface ships, in the absence of frigates and corvettes, will obviously be happy to strengthen the fleet with at least Karakurt.

Accordingly, the future of our “mosquito” fleet does not seem to cause concern ... However, the author of this article will venture to raise another question, which for many will look like real sedition

Does Russia need a naval strike "mosquito" fleet at all?

To begin with, we will try to figure out the cost of these ships. The easiest way to determine the cost of "Buyanov-M". As RIA "" printed:

“The contract signed at the Army-2016 forum between the Ministry of Defense and the Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant amounts to 27 billion rubles and provides for the construction of three Buyan-M class ships,” Renat Mistakhov, general director of the plant, told RIA Novosti.

Accordingly, one ship of project 21631 costs 9 billion rubles.

Many publications indicate that the price of one "Karakurt" is 2 billion rubles. However, in most cases, the assessment of Andrey Frolov, Deputy Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies, is indicated as the source of this information. Unfortunately, the author was unable to find documents that would confirm the legitimacy of this assessment. On the other hand, a number of sources give completely different figures. So, for example, Sergey Verevkin, Executive Director a separate division of the Leningrad shipbuilding plant "Pella" argued that:

"The cost of such ships is three times less than a frigate."

And even if we take the cheapest domestic frigate(project 11356) at pre-crisis prices - this is 18 billion rubles, respectively, "Karakurt", according to the statement of S. Verevkin, costs at least 6 billion rubles. This seems to be also confirmed by reports that Pella handed over to the Feodosia shipyard More an order for the construction of one Karakurt, and the cost of the contract will be 5-6 billion rubles, but the question is that the amount is not accurate - news refers to the opinion of unnamed experts.

But what if S. Verevkin did not mean the frigate of the “Admiral” series of project 11356, but the newest 22350 “Admiral Gorshkov of the Fleet of the Soviet Union”?

After all, the figure of 6 billion rubles. for one "Karakurt" raises big doubts. Yes, the Buyan-M is somewhat larger than the project 22800 ship, but at the same time, the Karakurt carries much more complex, and therefore expensive weapons (the Pantsir-ME air defense system and equipment (Mineral-M radar), however, on "Buyan-M" implemented a water jet, which is probably more expensive than the classic. But in general, we should expect that "Karakurt" costs no less, and even more than "Buyan-M".

The main usefulness of Buyan-M is that it is a mobile launcher for long-range cruise missiles. But it should be taken into account that 9 billion rubles. for such mobility look excessively expensive. But there are other options: for example, ... the same Kalibr container installations, about which so many copies were broken at one time.

According to people unfamiliar with the maritime theme, such containers are an uberwunderwaffe, which is easy to hide on the deck of an ocean container ship, and in the event of a war, quickly “multiply by zero” the US AUG. We will not disappoint anyone by reminding that an armed merchant ship that does not fly the naval ensign of any country is a pirate ship, with all the ensuing consequences for itself and its crew, but simply remember that "peaceful a river container ship sailing somewhere in the middle of the Volga, no one will ever bring charges of piracy. To comply with the INF Treaty of the Russian Federation, it will be enough to include several “auxiliary river cruisers” in the fleet, but in the event of a real aggravation of relations with NATO, such containers can be placed on any suitable river vessels.

Moreover. Because in the event that a real clash with the United States and NATO looms on the horizon, then no one will pay attention to the agreements, and in this case, who is stopping you from installing a container with missiles ... say, on a train? Or generally like this:

Thus, we can state that the task of saturating the domestic armed forces with cruise missiles with a range of 500 to 5,500 km can well be solved without the participation of Buyanov-M. In order to provide us with absolute superiority in the Caspian, in addition to the existing ships, 4-5 Buyanov-M would be enough, and they would not have to be armed with Caliber - to destroy the boats that form the basis of other Caspian fleets, " Uranus is more than sufficient. Question price? The rejection of the 5-6 Buyanov-M would allow the Russian Navy to finance the purchase of a naval aviation regiment (we are talking about the Su-35, which cost about 2 billion rubles in the same 2016), which, according to the author of this article, would be for the fleet is much more useful.

With Karakurt, too, not everything is clear. The fact is that missile boats appeared as a means of combating enemy surface forces in the coastal zone, but today it is very difficult to imagine enemy surface ships near our coast. Given the extreme danger that aviation poses to modern ships, only an aircraft carrier strike group is capable of “peeping into the light” towards us, but it makes no sense to come closer than a few hundred kilometers to our coastline. But sending a Karakurt unit against the AUG into the sea is akin to suicide: if naval battles teach us something, it’s only the extremely low resistance of small missile ships (corvettes and missile boats) to air attack. Suffice it to recall, for example, the defeat of the Iraqi fleet in the Iran-Iraq war, when two Iranian F-4 Phantoms sunk 4 torpedo and missile boats of the Iraqi Navy in almost five minutes, and damaged 2 more missile boats - although they did not have specialized anti-ship weapons. Yes, our Project 22800 ships are equipped with Pantsir-ME, this is a very serious weapon, but it must be borne in mind that a ship with a displacement of less than 800 tons is an extremely unstable platform for such equipment.

In addition, sadly, the Karakurts do not have enough speed for dashing "cavalry" attacks. For them, the speed is indicated as “about 30 knots”, and this is quite a bit, especially if you remember that small ships lose a lot of speed during waves. In other words, in the conditions of the same Far East, our Karakurts will turn out to be obviously slower than, say, the Arleigh Burke - it has a maximum speed of 32 knots, but in rough conditions it loses it much less than the small ships of project 22800.

Of course, in addition to global ones, there are also local conflicts, but the fact is that for them the power of Karakurt is excessive. So, for example, in the well-known episode of the collision of a detachment of surface ships of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation with Georgian boats, the use of the Kalibr anti-ship missiles would have been completely unjustified. Maybe it would be an exaggeration to say that all five Georgian boats cost less than one such missile, but ...

According to the author, in a full-scale conflict with NATO, the Karakurt can only be used as a mobile coastal defense missile battery, with which you can relatively quickly cover objects that are threatened by an attack from the sea. But in this capacity, they almost lose to automobile complexes in terms of movement speed, in addition, the ground complex is easier to disguise. In general, and here we have to admit that a regiment of modern fighter-bombers would be much more useful for the fleet than 6 Karakurts, and in terms of cost they are, apparently, quite comparable.

And yet, the author assumes that in the future we are waiting for news about the increase in the production of "Karakurt". For the reason that the number of surface ships of our Navy capable of going to sea is decreasing year by year, and the industry continues to disrupt all conceivable deadlines for the construction of new ships - from the corvette and above. And if the first Project 22800 ships enter service on schedule (which confirms our ability to build them relatively quickly), then there will be new orders. Not because the Karakurts are a wunderwaffe or a panacea, but because the fleet still needs at least some surface ships.

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The Central Design Bureau "Almaz" was developed in St. Petersburg, under the leadership of the chief designer I.P. Pegov under the supervision of the military representative of the Navy Captain I rank B.V. Dmitriev, to fight against surface ships and merchant ships of a potential enemy on the closed seas and in the near sea zone, as well as to patrol the area of responsibility for the purpose of blockade and patrol duty. According to the ten-year shipbuilding program for 1964-1973, adopted by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of August 10, 1963, it was planned to build 40 small rocket ships. The technical design of the medium missile carrier was ready in 1964.

The ship's hull is smooth-deck, with some sheer in the bow, made of high-strength steel grade MK-35 along a longitudinal framing system with a transom-shaped stern. The ship had an upper deck and platforms (upper and lower) at the fore and aft ends, as well as a double bottom along most of the length of the hull. The double-bottom space was used to store fresh water and fuel. The internal bulkheads were made of light alloy type AMg61, and the connection of light baffles with a steel hull for corrosion protection was made on bimetallic inserts. A three-tiered island-type superstructure was located in the middle part of the hull and was made of aluminum-magnesium alloy AMg61 (except for gas fenders). The spar is represented by one four-legged mast made of light alloy pipes. Service and living quarters were located in the superstructure and on two (upper and lower) platforms. The ship's commander's cabin was located at the forward end of the first tier of the superstructure (the area of the 25th-32nd sp.) and consisted of an office, a bedroom and a bathroom. On the upper platform, in the area of the 33rd-41st frames, there were three double and two single officer cabins. Also on the upper platform, in the region of the 24-33rd frames, one six-bed and two four-bed cabins for midshipmen were placed. The midshipmen's wardroom was used as an operating room according to the combat schedule. To improve the habitability of personnel, 3 types of insulating structures were used. Firstly, protection against penetrating impulse noise from slabs of flexible foam plastic PVC-E reinforced with foam plastic slabs PVC-1. Secondly, soundproof structures to reduce airborne noise from VT-4 mats made of staple and nylon fiber, followed by lining with light alloy sheets in the area of engine rooms. Thirdly, thermal insulation to protect the premises from cooling from alternating layers of PSB-S expanded polystyrene plates and FS-7-2 foam plastic. As practice has shown, all these materials ignited easily during a fire and released asphyxiating substances, which greatly increased the death rate of personnel in a combat situation.
The unsinkability of the ship was ensured by division into 10 watertight compartments:

Forepeak, chain box;
Kubrick No. 1 for 27 people, Kubrick No. 2 for 10 people, hold;
The premises of the ZiF-122 ZiF-122 air defense system "Osa-M" and anti-aircraft missiles;
Midshipmen's corridor, 3 midshipmen's cabins, midshipmen's wardroom, air defense combat post, fuel tanks;
Officers' corridor, 5 officers' cabins, officers' wardroom, fuel tanks;
Central control post of the machine plant, gyro post, fuel tank;
Bow engine room;
aft engine room;
Staff canteen, AK-725 gun mount barbette, artillery ammunition cellar, fuel tanks, bilge water tanks;
Afterpick, tiller compartment.

According to calculations, the ship should remain afloat when any two adjacent compartments are flooded, provided that the compartments adjacent to the flooded compartments are kept "dry".

The fire-fighting equipment consisted of a ZhS-52 liquid fire extinguishing system for extinguishing fuel and fuel fires in engine rooms using freon 114B2. The system had two manual control posts (in each MO), two tanks with a capacity of 45 liters of freon and two 10-liter tanks with high pressure air (HP). Freon was launched into the engine room by displacing it with compressed air at a pressure of 8 kgf/cm2.
Air-foam fire extinguishing system SO-500 for extinguishing small fires in engine rooms with air foam. In a special tank, 50 liters of foam concentrate PO-1 (foamer) and 10 liters of compressed air were stored in the tank. The mixture was 4% foam and 96% water. To service these two fire extinguishing systems, there was a ship's compressed air system (pressure 150 kgf / cm2).

The steering device with the R-32 electro-hydraulic steering machine (with a piston drive for two rudders) and the Piton-211 control system provided control of two streamlined hollow balancing rudders. The two-cylinder steering machine is equipped with two electric variable displacement oil pumps (the main one is in the afterpeak, the spare one is in the tiller compartment). The time for shifting the rudders to an angle of 70 degrees does not exceed 15 seconds. For the first time on ships of this class, two rudders in the mode of roll dampers are provided.

The anchor device is represented by an anchor-mooring electro-hydraulic capstan SHEG-12 (the control station is located on the breakwater on the port side), a Hall bow anchor weighing 900 kg, an anchor chain with a length of 200 m (a chain of increased strength with buttresses, caliber 28 mm), chain stoppers , deck and anchor fairleads, chain box (located under the forepeak platform). The SHEG-12 spire provides anchoring at depths up to 50 m with etching or hauling of the anchor and anchor chain at a speed of 23 m/min (when the anchor approaches the hawse, the speed decreases to 5 m/min). The spire control panel is also available in the wheelhouse, and the manual control column is located on the deck near the spire.

The ship's mooring device included a SHEG-12 bow capstan with a cable hauling speed of about 20 m/min (steel cables with a diameter of 23.5 mm are used) and a pulling force of 3000 kg. In the stern of the ship there was a mooring capstan ShZ with a hauling speed of about 15 m/min and a pulling force of 2000 kg. Six bollards with pedestals (diameter 200 mm) were attached to the deck of the MRK, welded to the deck in the region of the 14th, 39th and 81st frames. Six bale planks with bastings were located in the area of the 11th, 57th and 85th frames. Three views were installed in the bow, stern and on the forepeak platform.

The towing device of the ship is represented by a towing bollard with bollards with a diameter of 300 mm (located in the diametrical plane in the region of the 13th frame), a bale bar with rollers in the DP (area of the 1st frame), a towing hook in the DP (aft at the transom), a towing arc, towing kapron rope 150 m long (circumference 100 mm) and towing view in the forepeak.

Rescue equipment included 5 PSN-10M life rafts (for 10 people each), 4 life buoys and individual life jackets. At the first RTOs (in overload), the Chirok crew boat with a capacity of 5 people, including the helmsman, was used as a rescue vehicle. On the deck, on the port side (behind the gas baffle), there were two davits of the ShbI / YAL-6 type. Due to the fact that the boat and davits were often damaged by a jet of flame during the launch of P-120 missiles, in the late 70s. they were dismantled and were no longer used on the ships of this project.

The power plant is mechanical, three-shaft, diesel-diesel with three DDA-507A units with a capacity of 10,000 hp each. each, which work through summing reversible gearboxes for three fixed-pitch propellers with a diameter of 2.5 meters. The unit is equipped with two M-504B diesel engines with a capacity of 5000 hp each. With. each has a reduction gear that provides joint and separate operation of diesel engines, a reverse clutch, and supercharging. The M-504B diesel engine has a rotation speed of 2000 rpm. and are characterized by reliability and a resource of 4000 hours. The main gear (total reversible gearbox) can serve up to the first complete overhaul in 6000 hours. In the forward MO there are two M-507A main engines, working on the side shafts, and in the stern - one M-507A engine, working on the middle propeller. The mass of the M-507A engine is 17 tons. Full speed reached 35 knots, combat economical speed - 18 knots, and economical speed - 12 knots.

The AC power system 380 V, 50 Hz was powered by two DGR-300/1500 diesel generators with a capacity of 300 kW each (one DG-300 is located in the aft MO) and one DGR-75/1500 diesel generator with a capacity of 100 kW .

The armament of the ships consisted of:

From 1 twin 57-mm AK-725 universal turret gun mount with a barrel length of 75 calibers. The gun mount is located on poop. The turret is unarmored and made of 6 mm thick duralumin with an internal surface covered with polyurethane foam to prevent fogging. The rate of fire of the AU was 100 rounds per barrel, continuous cooling with sea water, unitary tape ammunition supply for 550 rounds per barrel in the turret space. The loading of the barrels was carried out automatically due to the recoil energy, and the loading into the receiver was carried out manually. The calculation included 2 people. AU with the help of an electric servo drive ESP-72 turns to the left or right at an angle of up to 200 ° from the stowed position, and the vertical pointing angle ranged from -10 ° to + 85 °. The initial velocity of the projectile reached 1020 m / s, and the firing range at a sea or coastal target was up to 8.5 km using shipborne target detection tools and the maximum ceiling was up to 6.5 km. AU has a mass of 14.5 tons. The aiming of the gun mount is carried out automatically and semi-automatically using remote control. For automatic fire control of 57-mm artillery, an FCS is installed combined with the MR-103 Bars radar, and for semi-automatic control, a remote control panel with a Kolonka-type ring sight is installed.

The fire control system of the universal 57-mm artillery "Bars-1234" consisted of:

From the artillery fire control device (PUAO) "Bars" which included:

a central firing machine (calculating and decisive device), which, based on incoming data from the MP-103 Bars control radar, controlled 1 twin 57-mm caliber installation, issuing data for firing air, surface and coastal targets, taking into account the movement of its ship.

Noise protection equipment.
The Titanit general detection radar served as a means of detection and target designation.
After receiving target designation, the target was automatically taken to escort the MP-103 Bars firing radar.

The MR-103 "Bars" fire control radar is designed to control the fire of automatic gun mounts (AU) of 57-mm and 76-mm calibers. The station allows you to track surface, air and coastal targets and controls the firing of one gun of a universal 57-mm caliber. Radar with antenna post, automatically accompanies the target at a distance of up to 40 km without interference and 30 km if they are available. The station has a field of view in azimuth of 180 °, and the illumination of the situation and the reflection of current information is carried out on an indicator with a CRT.

The 4P33 fire control system for the Osa-M air defense system consisted of:

Noise protection equipment.
Information about the target can also come from the Titanit general detection radar.

The ships were equipped with the Titanit general detection radar, the Don navigation radar, the MRP-11-12 Zaliv RTR radar, the Nichrome state recognition equipment, and Khmel-2 infrared night vision equipment.

General detection radar "Titanit" is designed to detect air, coastal and surface targets and target designation to ship weapons, receive information from aviation air surveillance and direction finding systems - the MRTS-1 system (marine radio-technical target designation system), and also provides control of joint combat operations and provides a solution to navigation problems. The complex operates in active and passive modes, allows you to exchange information and control strike missile weapons and joint combat operations (USBD). The main antenna post DO-1 in a fiberglass fairing was located on the roof of the wheelhouse and provided active target detection ("A") and passive target detection ("P") modes. Two DO-2 antenna posts in fairings located on both sides of the DO-1 antenna post provided the mode of receiving information for managing joint combat operations (USBD). The antenna post DO-3, located on the roof of the cabin in front of the DO-1 post, provided the control mode for the Malachite strike missile system. The antenna post DO-4, located on the mast at the rear under the frame of the direction finder, provided a mode for transmitting information for managing joint military operations (USBD). Antenna post DO-5, located on the mast in front of the direction finder frame, provided the navigation mode. The antenna post DO-6, located on the mast, provided the mode for receiving information from the MRTS-1 system (marine radio target designation system). The radar is all-weather and can be operated in various climatic zones. In active mode, with normal radar observability, the detection range of a surface target is up to 40 km. In passive mode, the station provides detection of radiation from operating transmitters of surface ships, depending on the frequency range and power of electronic equipment, up to 120 km (when working with aviation at an altitude of 2 km, the target detection range is 150-170 km). In navigation mode, the detection range was characterized in the range from 40 meters to 7 km. The time of continuous operation of the complex does not exceed 12 hours. The time of bringing the complex into combat readiness without a performance check does not exceed 5 minutes, and with a performance check - does not exceed 20 minutes.

The RTR complex provided:

The ships were built at the plant No. 5 Primorsky in St. Petersburg (16) and at the plant No. 202 in Vladivostok (2).

The lead Burya entered service with the Black Sea Fleet in 1970.

Tactical and technical data project 1234 Displacement: standard 600 tons, full 700 tons Maximum length: 59.3 metersLength according to design waterline: 54.9 meters

Maximum width:	11.8 meters
Width on design waterline:	10.16 meters
Nose side height:	7.6 meters
Board height amidships:	5.55 meters
Board height in the stern:	5 meters
Hull draft:	2.4 meters
Power point:	3 FSH screws, 2 rudders
Electric power system:	current 380 V, 50 Hz
Travel speed:	gross 35 knots, economic 12 knots,
cruising range:
Seaworthiness:	5 points
Autonomy:	15 days
Armament:	.
artillery:
missile:
anti-aircraft missile:	1x2 launcher ZIF-122 SAM "Osa-M"
electronic warfare:	Radar RTR MRP-11-12 "Zaliv".
radio engineering:	1 RLC "Titanit", night vision equipment "Hmel-2", state identification equipment "Nichrom".
navigational:
chemical:
Crew:	60 people (9 officers, 14 midshipmen)

In total, missile ships were built from 1970 to 1982 - 18 units.

Project 1234E small missile ships

- were developed as an export option for the Indian, Libyan and Algerian navies. On export ships, the main engines of the M-507 type of export design were installed, at which the full speed was no more than 34 knots.

The armament of the ships consisted of:

From 1 twin 57-mm AK-725 universal turret gun mount with a barrel length of 75 calibers. The gun mount is located on poop. The turret is unarmored and made of duralumin 6 mm thick with an internal surface covered with polyurethane foam to prevent fogging. The rate of fire of the AU was 100 rounds per barrel, continuous cooling with sea water, unitary tape ammunition supply for 550 rounds per barrel in the turret space. The loading of the barrels was carried out automatically due to the recoil energy, and the loading into the receiver was carried out manually. The calculation included 2 people. AU with the help of an electric servo drive ESP-72 turns to the left or right at an angle of up to 200 ° from the stowed position, and the vertical pointing angle ranged from -10 ° to + 85 °. The initial velocity of the projectile reached 1020 m / s, and the firing range at a sea or coastal target was up to 8.5 km using shipborne target detection tools and the maximum ceiling was up to 6.5 km. AU has a mass of 14.5 tons. The aiming of the gun mount is carried out automatically and semi-automatically using remote control. For automatic fire control of 57-mm artillery, an FCS is installed combined with the MR-103 Bars radar, and for semi-automatic control, a remote control panel with a Kolonka-type ring sight is installed.
From 1 short-range air defense system "Osa-M" located in the bow of the hull below deck in a special cellar, which also contains ammunition from 24 9M-33 missiles. The launcher of the ZIF-122 complex (PU) with 2 launch guide beams located vertically and with a rotating part is located below deck in the stowed position, and the missiles are placed in five pieces on four drums. When switching to a combat position, the lifting part of the launcher rises along with two missiles. After the launch of the first rocket, the drum rotates, providing access to the loading line of the next rocket. After the launch of the second rocket, the launch beams automatically become vertical, turn to the nearest pair of drums, and the lifting part of the launcher falls behind the next two rockets. The reload time of the launcher is in the range of 16-21 seconds. Rate of fire - 2 rounds per minute for air targets and 2.8 rounds per minute for surface targets, the time for transferring fire to another target is 12 seconds. Weight PU without ammunition is 6850 kg. Rocket 9M-33 is single-stage with a dual-mode solid propellant engine. The starting charge is telescopic, and the marching charge is single-channel. The rocket is arranged according to the "duck" aerodynamic scheme, i.e. has rudders in the bow. Four wings are structurally combined into a wing unit, which is movably mounted relative to the body and rotates freely in flight. With an average flight speed of up to 500 m / s, the rocket can maneuver along the "three-point" or "half straightening" trajectory. The missile is controlled in flight by a radio command guidance system with automatic target tracking and SAM output to the line of sight. When the rocket leaves the launcher, the radar fuse is cocked and the last stage of the fuse is removed. The radio fuse begins to emit radio-magnetic pulses. When a radio command signal is given from the SU counting device, the warhead (15 kg) is detonated within a radius of up to 15 meters from the target. In the event of a missile flying past the target, a command is given to the missile for self-destruction with the detonation of the warhead. The control system consists of a radar station, which has a target detection channel, a target tracking channel and a missile tracking channel, as well as a radio command channel for the missile and a calculating device. Targets are detected at a distance of 25 to 30 km at a target height of 3.5-4 km and a speed of up to 420 m/s, and at high altitudes at a distance of up to 50 km. Target tracking and the issuance of radio commands is carried out at a distance of up to 15 km. The minimum target engagement height is 60 meters above sea level.
From the Termit-E strike anti-ship complex, which includes four P-20 Termit-E anti-ship missiles with a flight range of 15-80 km at a speed of 1.1 M, a warhead weight of 513 kg and a marching height of 25 to 50 meters . Type of homing head - combined homing with radar and thermal channels. The missiles are capable of carrying nuclear warheads with a yield of 15 kt each. The missiles are placed side by side on the upper deck in two twin non-guided, non-stabilized, non-armoured, non-damped container launchers KT-20-1234E. Launchers have a constant elevation angle - 9 °, and their axes are parallel to the diametrical plane of the ship.
From 2 launchers of fired interference (KL-101) of the PK-16 interference complex of 82 mm caliber with a package of 16 guide tubes. Designed for setting radar and thermal distracting and misinforming decoys to counter guided weapons with radar and thermal guidance (homing) systems. The shells are manually installed in the guides of the launcher and then the firing process is automatic or semi-automatic. The rate of fire was 2 volleys / s. for any given sequence of projectiles, the range of setting false radar targets is from 500 meters to 3.5 km, and false thermal targets - from 2 to 3.5 km. The method of firing is automatic, remote, in volleys, and semi-automatic, remotely, with single shots. Bringing the loaded installation to combat readiness is carried out without the personnel entering the upper deck and consists in setting the specified firing mode on the remote control and opening the front cover. Combat maintenance of a charged installation is carried out by one number. Type of jamming projectiles RUMM-82 (TSP-60). The weight of the unloaded launcher was 400 kg.

The ships were equipped with Rangout general detection radar, Don navigation radar, RTR MRP-11-12 Zaliv radar.

Radar of general detection "Rangout", designed to detect air, coastal and surface targets and target designation of naval weapons. The station had two power levels (20 and 100 W) and could carry out all-round visibility at a frequency of 4 or 12 rpm. and allowed to control strike missile weapons. The antenna post in a fiberglass fairing was located on the roof of the wheelhouse and provided an active target detection mode in the 8-12 GHz range at four fixed frequencies spaced within a range of ± 10 MHz. With normal radar observability, the detection range of a surface target of the destroyer type is up to 25 km, of the cruiser type is up to 60 km.

The Don navigation radar was designed to illuminate the navigation situation and solve navigation problems and provide all-round visibility. The 3-cm waveband station had a cruiser-type target detection range of up to 25 km and an air target detection range of up to 50 km. The slot antenna was placed on the top of the mast. 310 mm CRT all-round indicator. The time to prepare the radar for operation from a completely off state is about 5 minutes. The time of continuous operation of the station is unlimited.

Radio-technical intelligence radar (RTR) MRP-11-12 "Zaliv", was intended to detect the radiation of operating ship and aircraft radars. The complex has an antenna post for detecting radiation, located in front of the cabin on the roof of the second tier of the superstructure. The centimeter wave station had a continuous operating time of 48 hours. The time to prepare the radar for work was 30 seconds.
The RTR complex provided:

reconnaissance and identification of radar emissions of various types in all weather conditions.

The complex had an open structure, which made it possible to provide further modification in relation to the composition of electronic weapons and deployment on a surface ship. In order to increase the effectiveness of protecting the ship from anti-ship missiles (ASM), together with the RTR complex, 2 PK-16 passive jamming systems were installed on the ship.

Ships were built at plant No. 5 Primorsky in St. Petersburg (3) and at plant No. 341 "Vympel" in Rybinsk (7).

The lead ship was handed over to the customer in 1977.

Tactical and technical data project 1234E Displacement: standard 600 tons, full 680 tons Maximum length: 59.3 metersLength according to design waterline: 54.9 meters

Maximum width:	11.8 meters
Width on design waterline:	10.16 meters
Nose side height:	7.6 meters
Board height amidships:	5.55 meters
Board height in the stern:	5 meters
Hull draft:	2.4 meters
Power point:	3 FSH screws, 2 rudders
Electric power system:	2 x 300 kW diesel generators and 1 x 100 kW diesel generator, variable current 380 V, 50 Hz
Travel speed:	combat economic 18 knots
cruising range:
Seaworthiness:	5 points
Autonomy:	15 days
Armament:	.
artillery:	1x2 57-mm AK-725 assault rifle from the MR-103 "Bars" radar
missile:	2x2 launchers KT-20 anti-ship missiles P-20 "Termit-E"
anti-aircraft missile:	1x2 launcher ZIF-122 SAM "Osa-M"
electronic warfare:	2 launchers KL-101 for setting passive interference PK-16, Radar RTR MRP-11-12 "Zaliv".
radio engineering:	1 Rangout radar.
navigational:	1 navigation radar "Don", 1 gyro heading indicator GKU-1, AP-3U autoplotter, NEL-7 echo sounder, LI-80 log, mag. compass KI-13, direction finder RP-50R
Crew:	50 people (9 officers)

In total, missile ships were built from 1977 to 1985 - 10 units.

Small rocket ships of project 1234.1

- were developed at the Almaz Central Design Bureau as a corrected version, with reinforced artillery and radio equipment.

The armament of the ships consists of:

From the Malachite strike anti-ship complex, which includes six P-120 Malachite anti-ship missiles with a flight range of 15-120 km at a speed of 0.9 M, a warhead weight of 840 kg and a marching height of 50 meters. Type of homing head - combined homing with radar and thermal channels. The missiles are capable of carrying nuclear warheads with a yield of 200 kt each. Automated pre-launch preparation of a rocket salvo was provided by KAFU "Dolphin-1234". The missiles are placed side by side on the upper deck in two built-in non-guided, non-stabilized, non-armoured, non-damped launchers KT-120-1234 container type 8.8 m long. The launchers have a constant elevation angle of 9 °, and their axes are parallel to the center plane of the ship . The missile's flight altitude is controlled by an altimeter, which allows you to determine the missile's flight altitude, even when it is actively maneuvering.
From 2 launchers of fired interference (KL-101) of the PK-16 interference complex of 82 mm caliber with a package of 16 guide tubes. Designed for setting radar and thermal distracting and misinforming decoys to counter guided weapons with radar and thermal guidance (homing) systems. The shells are manually installed in the guides of the launcher and then the firing process is automatic or semi-automatic. The rate of fire was 2 volleys / s. for any given sequence of projectiles, the range of setting false radar targets is from 500 meters to 3.5 km, and false thermal targets - from 2 to 3.5 km. The method of firing is automatic, remote, in volleys, and semi-automatic, remotely, with single shots. Bringing the loaded installation to combat readiness is carried out without the personnel entering the upper deck and consists in setting the specified firing mode on the remote control and opening the front cover. Combat maintenance of a charged installation is carried out by one number. Type of jamming projectiles RUMM-82 (TSP-60). The weight of the unloaded launcher was 400 kg.

The fire control and control system of the universal 30-mm and 76-mm artillery "Vympel-A" consists of:

From the Vympel-A artillery fire control device (PUAO), which includes:
- central firing machine (calculating device), which, on the basis of incoming data from the MP-123/176 Vympel-A control radar, controls 1 76-mm caliber unit and 1 30-mm caliber unit, simultaneously issuing data for firing from taking into account the movement of your ship, and also enters corrections for misses during firing.
Equipment for selection of moving targets and noise protection.
The means of target designation is the RLC of general detection "Titanit" or "Monolith".
After receiving the target designation, the target is automatically taken to escort the MR-123/176 Vympel-A radar.

The MR-123/176 Vympel-A fire control radar is designed to control the fire of automatic gun mounts (AU) of 30 mm and 76 mm calibers. The station allows you to track surface, air and coastal targets and controls the firing of one universal 76-mm caliber gun and 1 30-mm caliber machine gun. Radar decimeter wave range, automatically accompanies air targets at speeds up to 600 m / s at a distance of up to 40 km and in the presence of interference at a distance of up to 30 km, and surface targets such as a torpedo boat up to 4 km.

The fire control system 4Р33А for the Osa-MA air defense system consisted of:

From the guidance and loading drives of the complex.
Noise protection equipment.
From a radar channel operating in the centimeter wave range for target detection, target tracking and sighting of missiles, transmission of commands, which reduces the reaction time of the complex and faster missile guidance to the target.
Information about the target can also come from the Titanit or Monolith general detection radar.

The ships were equipped with Titanit or Monolith general detection radar, 2 Pechora navigation radars, Vympel-R2 electronic warfare radar, Nichrome state recognition equipment, and Khmel-2 infrared night vision equipment.

Radar general detection "Monolith", installed on ships under construction since 1986, was intended to detect and track air, coastal and surface targets and target designation of naval weapons, as well as provide control of joint combat operations (USBD). The complex operates in active and passive modes, allows you to exchange information and control strike missile weapons and joint combat operations (USBD). The main antenna post DO-1 in a fiberglass fairing is located on the roof of the wheelhouse and provides active target detection ("A"), passive target detection ("P") and missile weapon control (URO) modes. Two antenna posts DO-2 in fairings located on both sides of the mast provide the mode of receiving and transmitting information ("Bridge") for the control of joint combat operations (USBD). The radar is all-weather and can be operated in various climatic zones. In active mode, the detection range is not available. In passive mode, the station provides detection of radiation from operating transmitters of surface ships, depending on the frequency range and power of electronic equipment up to 250 km.

The Pechora navigation radar was designed to illuminate the navigation situation and solve navigation problems. The station operated in the 3.2-cm wavelength range and had a pulsed radiation power of 12 kW. The set of the station included: an antenna-rotary device (device A), an indicator (device I), a transceiver (device P), a true motion device (device D), a device for assessing the safe divergence of ships (device "Alder"). The width of the antenna radiation pattern in the horizontal plane was 0.8°, and in the vertical plane 20-25°. The screen diameter of the cathode ray tube was 310 mm, and the range scales had division marks of fixed range circles of 0.5/0.25; 1/0.25; 2/0.5; 4/1; 8/2; 16/4; 32/8; 48/12 miles respectively. The duration of the probing pulse on the range scales of 0.5 and 1 mile was 0.07 μs. The detection range of a coast 60 meters high with an antenna installation height of 15 m above sea level was at least 37 km, a destroyer about 18.5 km, and an average sea buoy is usually detected at a distance of 5.5 km. The dead zone does not exceed 25 meters. The time required to bring the station into operation does not exceed 4 minutes. The time of continuous operation of the stations is not limited.

Electronic warfare radar (EW) "Vympel-R2" is designed to detect the radiation of operating ship and aircraft radars, as well as missile homing heads (GOS) and create active interference for them. The complex has 2 antenna posts for detecting radiation, located side by side on the sections of the wings of the navigation bridge and 2 antenna posts of active countermeasures, located side by side on the mast.
The electronic warfare complex provides:

automated reconnaissance and identification of various types of radar emissions;
automated creation of active jamming and management of passive jamming;
solving the problems of electronic warfare, coordinated with the solution of problems of fire weapons for air defense and missile defense of a surface ship.

The complex has an open structure, which allows for further modification in relation to the composition of electronic weapons and placement on a surface ship. In order to increase the effectiveness of the protection of the ship against anti-ship missiles (ASM), together with the EW complex, 2 PK-16 passive jamming systems were installed on the ship in the aft sector;

The state identification system is represented by one RAS - a combined interrogator-responder "Nichrom-RRM" with the device 082M. RAS "Nichrom" allows you to identify surface and air targets to determine their belonging to their armed forces. The interrogating antenna is built in AP DO-3. An additional interrogator "Nickel-KM" with the device 082M is built into the antenna post 4R-33.

The Khmel-2 infrared night vision equipment made it possible to carry out covert communication at night, with the ships completely darkened, as well as to observe and find infrared lights. The time of continuous operation of the device was 20 hours, the direction finding range was up to 3.7 km, and the distance determination was up to 750 meters. The system operated from a 27 V DC network.

The ships were built at the plant No. 5 Primorsky in St. Petersburg (14) and at the plant No. 202 in Vladivostok (5).

Lead "Burun" entered service Northern Fleet in 1978.

Tactical and technical data project 1234.1 Displacement:Maximum length: 59.3 metersLength according to design waterline: 54.9 meters

Maximum width:	11.8 meters
Width on design waterline:	10.16 meters
Nose side height:	7.6 meters
Board height amidships:	5.55 meters
Board height in the stern:	5 meters
Hull draft:	2.4 meters
Power point:	3 M-507A diesel-diesel units, 10,000 hp each, 3 FSH screws, 2 rudders
Electric power system:	2 x 300 kW diesel generators and 1 x 100 kW diesel generator, variable current 380 V, 50 Hz
Travel speed:	full 34 knots, economic 12 knots, combat economic 18 knots
cruising range:	1600 miles at 18 knots, 4000 miles at 12 knots
Seaworthiness:	5 points
Autonomy:	15 days
Armament:	.
artillery:
missile:	2x3 launchers KT-120 anti-ship missiles P-120 "Malachite"
anti-aircraft missile:	1x2 launcher ZIF-122 SAM "Osa-MA"
electronic warfare:	2 launchers KL-101 for setting passive interference PK-16, EW radar "Vympel-R2".
radio engineering:	1 RLC "Titanit" or "Monolith", equipment for night
navigational:	AP-3U autoplotter, NEL-7 echo sounder, LI-80 log, mag. compass KI-13, direction finder RP-50R
chemical:	1 VPKhR chemical reconnaissance device, dosimeters KID-6V, 10 insulating gas masks
Crew:

In total, missile ships were built from 1978 to 1992 - 19 units.

Small rocket ships of project 1234.7

- This is a modernized version of Project 1234.1 with an updated Onyx anti-ship missile system, which includes twelve P-800 Onyx anti-ship missiles.

The armament of the ships consists of:

From 1 single-barreled 76-mm universal turret gun mount AK-176 with a barrel length of 54 calibers. The gun mount is located on poop. The tower has a lightweight version, made of aluminum-magnesium alloy Amr61 4 mm thick, with streamlined rounded shapes. The rate of fire of the AU is 75 shots with a break of 30 minutes, the barrel is continuously cooled by sea water, the ammunition includes 152 shots. The loading of the barrel is automatic, continuous on both sides, clip-on. The feed system consists of a platform on which there are 2 horizontal conveyors with 2 clips of 76 shots, 2 chain elevators with receivers and 2 pendulums driven by a common electric motor. Manual filing is possible. The survivability of the barrel is 3000 shots. The calculation includes 2 people. AU using a remote electric drive ESP-221 turns to the left or right at an angle of up to 175 ° from the stowed position, and the vertical pointing angle ranges from -15 ° to + 85 °. The initial velocity of the projectile reaches 980 m / s, and the firing range at a sea or coastal target is up to 15 km using shipborne target detection tools and the maximum ceiling is up to 8 km. AU has a mass of 13.1 tons. The aiming of the gun mount is carried out automatically and semi-automatically with the help of remote control and manually on the VD-221 double sighting sights located in the turret itself. To control the firing of 76-mm artillery, an FCS is installed combined with the MR-123/176 Vympel-A radar.
From 1 six-barreled 30-mm AK-630M assault rifle with a long barrel of 54 caliber, located in the aft part on the roof of the first tier of the superstructure. A turret-type gun mount with a rotating block of barrels in a casing with a longitudinal-piston breech block, which provides for forced reloading of the shot and extraction of the cartridge case. The rate of fire of the installation is 4000-5000 rounds / min. The vertical pointing angle is from -12 to +88°, and the horizontal pointing angle is up to 180°. The initial velocity of the projectile is 960 m / s, the firing range is up to 8.1 km. The feed of the machine is tape, the tape for 2000 rounds is located in a round magazine. The calculation of the gun includes 2 people. The mass of the installation is 1,918 kg. The assault rifles have a remote control system from the MR-123/176 Vympel-A radar.
From 1 short-range air defense system "Osa-MA" located in the bow of the hull below deck in a special cellar, which also contains ammunition from 24 9M-33M2 missiles. The launcher of the ZIF-122 complex (PU) with 2 launch guide beams located vertically and with a rotating part is located below deck in the stowed position, and the missiles are placed in five pieces on four drums. When switching to a combat position, the lifting part of the launcher rises along with two missiles. After the launch of the first rocket, the drum rotates, providing access to the loading line of the next rocket. After the launch of the second rocket, the launch beams automatically become vertical, turn to the nearest pair of drums, and the lifting part of the launcher falls behind the next two rockets. The reload time of the launcher is in the range of 16-21 seconds. Rate of fire - 2 rounds per minute for air targets and 2.8 rounds per minute for surface targets, the time for transferring fire to another target is 12 seconds. Weight PU without ammunition is 6.85 tons. Rocket 9M-33M2 is single-stage with a dual-mode solid propellant engine. The starting charge is telescopic, and the marching charge is single-channel. The rocket is arranged according to the "duck" aerodynamic scheme, i.e. has rudders in the bow. Four wings are structurally combined into a wing unit, which is movably mounted relative to the body and rotates freely in flight. With an average flight speed of up to 500 m / s, the rocket can maneuver along the "three-point" or "half straightening" trajectory. The missile is controlled in flight by a radio command guidance system with automatic target tracking and SAM output to the line of sight. When the rocket leaves the launcher, the radar fuse is cocked and the last stage of the fuse is removed. The radio fuse begins to emit radio-magnetic pulses. The radio fuse was modified in the rocket by introducing a two-channel receiver into it with an autonomous height analysis circuit at the time of cocking. When a radio command signal is given from the SU counting device, the warhead (15 kg) is detonated within a radius of up to 15 meters from the target. In the event of a missile flying past the target, a command is given to the missile for self-destruction with the detonation of the warhead. The control system consists of a radar station, which has a target detection channel, a target tracking channel and a missile tracking channel, as well as a radio command channel for the missile and a calculating device. The conditions for auto-tracking a target in passive jamming have been improved by introducing an external coherence mode in the target tracking station. Target detection occurs at a distance of 25 to 30 km at a target height of 3.5-4 km and a speed of up to 500 m / s, and at high altitudes at a distance of up to 50 km. Target tracking and the issuance of radio commands is carried out at a distance of up to 15 km. The minimum target engagement height is 25 meters above sea level.
From the Oniks strike anti-ship complex, which includes twelve P-800 Oniks anti-ship missiles with a low-altitude trajectory flight range of up to 120 km at a speed of Mach 2, and a combined high-altitude trajectory of up to 300 km at a speed of Mach 2.6 and a combat mass parts of 250 kg and a marching height from 10 meters to 14 km. Type of homing head - combined homing with radar and inertial channels. The missiles are placed side by side on the upper deck in two geared non-guided, non-stabilized, non-armored, non-damped launch containers CM-403. Launchers have a constant elevation angle - 15 °, and their axes are parallel to the diametrical plane of the ship. The missile's flight altitude is controlled by an altimeter, which allows you to determine the missile's flight altitude, even when it is actively maneuvering.
From 2 launchers of fired interference (KL-101) of the PK-16 interference complex of 82 mm caliber with a package of 16 guide tubes. Designed for setting radar and thermal distracting and misinforming decoys to counter guided weapons with radar and thermal guidance (homing) systems. The shells are manually installed in the guides of the launcher and then the firing process is automatic or semi-automatic. The rate of fire was 2 volleys / s. for any given sequence of projectiles, the range of setting false radar targets is from 500 meters to 3.5 km, and false thermal targets - from 2 to 3.5 km. The method of firing is automatic, remote, in volleys, and semi-automatic, remotely, with single shots. Bringing the loaded installation to combat readiness is carried out without the personnel entering the upper deck and consists in setting the specified firing mode on the remote control and opening the front cover. Combat maintenance of a charged installation is carried out by one number. Type of jamming projectiles RUMM-82 (TSP-60). The weight of the unloaded launcher was 400 kg.
From 2 launchers (PU) fired interference PK-10 "Courageous" caliber 120 mm with 10 installed projectiles. Designed to increase the effectiveness of the ship's air defense in the final homing sector of air attack weapons by setting radio-electronic and optoelectronic decoy targets. The firing mode is automatic - in volleys, manual - in single shells. Type of jamming projectiles AZ-SR-50 (radar), AZ-SO-50 (optical-electronic). The mass of PU was 336 kg.

The ship was equipped with Monolith general detection radar, 2 Pechora navigation radars, Vympel-R2 electronic warfare radar, Nichrome state recognition equipment, Khmel-2 infrared night vision equipment.

The ship was refitted at plant No. 5 Primorsky in St. Petersburg.

The lead "Nakat" entered service with the Northern Fleet in 1996.

Tactical and technical data project 1234.7 Displacement: standard 630 tons, full 730 tons Maximum length: 59.3 metersLength according to design waterline: 54.9 meters

Maximum width:	11.8 meters
Width on design waterline:	10.16 meters
Nose side height:	7.6 meters
Board height amidships:	5.55 meters
Board height in the stern:	5 meters
Hull draft:	2.4 meters
Power point:	3 M-507A diesel-diesel units, 10,000 hp each, 3 FSH screws, 2 rudders
Electric power system:	2 x 300 kW diesel generators and 1 x 100 kW diesel generator, variable current 380 V, 50 Hz
Travel speed:	full 34 knots, economic 12 knots, combat economic 18 knots
cruising range:	1600 miles at 18 knots, 4000 miles at 12 knots
Seaworthiness:	5 points
Autonomy:	15 days
Armament:	.
artillery:	1x1 76mm AK-176 assault rifle and 1x6 AK-630M assault rifle from the radar MR-123/176 "Vympel-A"
missile:	2x6 launchers SM-403 anti-ship missiles P-800 "Onyx"
anti-aircraft missile:	1x2 launcher ZIF-122 SAM "Osa-MA"
electronic warfare:	2 launchers KL-101 for setting passive interference PK-16, 2 launchers PK-10 "Courageous", electronic warfare radar "Vympel-R2".
radio engineering:	1 RLC "Monolit", equipment for night visions "Hmel-2", state recognition equipment "Nichrome".
navigational:	2 navigation radar "Pechora", 1 gyro heading indicator GKU-1, AP-3U autoplotter, NEL-7 echo sounder, LI-80 log, mag. compass KI-13, direction finder RP-50R
chemical:	1 VPKhR chemical reconnaissance device, dosimeters KID-6V, 10 insulating gas masks
Crew:	62 people (9 officers, 14 midshipmen)

In total, missile ships were converted in 1996 - 1 unit.

Project 1234EM small rocket ships

- this is the modernization of the export RTOs of the Algerian Navy. The modernization project was developed at Almaz Central Design Bureau under the leadership of Chief Designer Yu. V. Arseniev. The project provides for replacing the outdated Termit-E strike missile system with the Uran-E complex, as well as strengthening anti-aircraft, radio engineering and navigation weapons.

The armament of the ships consists of:

From 1 twin 57-mm AK-725 universal turret gun mount with a barrel length of 75 calibers. The gun mount is located on poop. The turret is unarmored and made of duralumin 6 mm thick with an internal surface covered with polyurethane foam to prevent fogging. The rate of fire of the AU was 100 rounds per barrel, continuous cooling with sea water, unitary tape ammunition supply for 550 rounds per barrel in the turret space. The loading of the barrels was carried out automatically due to the recoil energy, and the loading into the receiver was carried out manually. The calculation included 2 people. AU with the help of an electric servo drive ESP-72 turns to the left or right at an angle of up to 200 ° from the stowed position, and the vertical pointing angle ranged from -10 ° to + 85 °. The initial velocity of the projectile reached 1020 m / s, and the firing range at a sea or coastal target was up to 8.5 km using shipborne target detection tools and the maximum ceiling was up to 6.5 km. AU has a mass of 14.5 tons. The aiming of the gun mount is carried out automatically by remote control. For automatic fire control of 57-mm artillery, an SLA combined with the MR-123-02 "Bagheera" radar is installed.
From 1 six-barreled 30-mm AK-630M assault rifle with a long barrel of 54 caliber, located in the aft part on the roof of the first tier of the superstructure. A turret-type gun mount with a rotating block of barrels in a casing with a longitudinal-piston breech block, which provides for forced reloading of the shot and extraction of the cartridge case. The rate of fire of the installation is 4000-5000 rounds / min. The vertical pointing angle is from -12 to +88°, and the horizontal pointing angle is up to 180°. The initial velocity of the projectile is 960 m / s, the firing range is up to 8.1 km. The feed of the machine is tape, the tape for 2000 rounds is located in a round magazine. The calculation of the gun includes 2 people. The mass of the installation is 1,918 kg. The assault rifles have a remote control system from the MR-123-02 "Bagheera" radar.
From 1 short-range air defense system "Osa-M" located in the bow of the hull below deck in a special cellar, which also contains ammunition from 24 9M-33 missiles. The launcher of the ZIF-122 complex (PU) with 2 launch guide beams located vertically and with a rotating part is located below deck in the stowed position, and the missiles are placed in five pieces on four drums. When switching to a combat position, the lifting part of the launcher rises along with two missiles. After the launch of the first rocket, the drum rotates, providing access to the loading line of the next rocket. After the launch of the second rocket, the launch beams automatically become vertical, turn to the nearest pair of drums, and the lifting part of the launcher falls behind the next two rockets. The reload time of the launcher is in the range of 16-21 seconds. Rate of fire - 2 rounds per minute for air targets and 2.8 rounds per minute for surface targets, the time for transferring fire to another target is 12 seconds. Weight PU without ammunition is 6850 kg. Rocket 9M-33 is single-stage with a dual-mode solid propellant engine. The starting charge is telescopic, and the marching charge is single-channel. The rocket is arranged according to the "duck" aerodynamic scheme, i.e. has rudders in the bow. Four wings are structurally combined into a wing unit, which is movably mounted relative to the body and rotates freely in flight. With an average flight speed of up to 500 m / s, the rocket can maneuver along the "three-point" or "half straightening" trajectory. The missile is controlled in flight by a radio command guidance system with automatic target tracking and SAM output to the line of sight. When the rocket leaves the launcher, the radar fuse is cocked and the last stage of the fuse is removed. The radio fuse begins to emit radio-magnetic pulses. When a radio command signal is given from the SU counting device, the warhead (15 kg) is detonated within a radius of up to 15 meters from the target. In the event of a missile flying past the target, a command is given to the missile for self-destruction with the detonation of the warhead. The control system consists of a radar station, which has a target detection channel, a target tracking channel and a missile tracking channel, as well as a radio command channel for the missile and a calculating device. Targets are detected at a distance of 25 to 30 km at a target height of 3.5-4 km and a speed of up to 420 m/s, and at high altitudes at a distance of up to 50 km. Target tracking and the issuance of radio commands is carried out at a distance of up to 15 km. The minimum target engagement height is 60 meters above sea level.
From the Uran-E strike anti-ship complex, which includes sixteen 3M-24E Uran-E anti-ship missiles with a flight range of 5-130 km at a speed of 0.9 M, a warhead weight of 145 kg and a marching height of 5 to 10 meters and the final height of approach to the target from 3-5 meters. Type of homing head - combined homing with inertial and active radar channels. The missiles are placed side by side on the upper deck in four quadruple non-guided, non-stabilized, non-armoured, non-damped launch containers KT-184. The launchers are placed in pairs, side by side one after the other and have a constant elevation angle of 35 °, and their axes are parallel to the diametrical plane of the ship.

The ships were equipped with the MR-352ME Pozitiv-ME air situational illumination radar, the Harpoon-E surface illumination radar, the Gorizont-25 radio navigation system (RNS) and the SOD-1234EM type data exchange system.

The MR-352ME Pozitiv-ME airborne surveillance radar is designed to detect air, coastal and surface targets. The station is a three-coordinate, centimeter-wave range has an energy capacity of 4 kW and provides automatic target allocation and output of target designation data to artillery fire control systems. The antenna post with a phased antenna array (PAR) is located at the top of the mast and provides an active target detection mode. The radar simultaneously accompanies up to 50 targets and outputs data on 16 of them to the artillery fire control system. With normal radar observability, the detection range of an air target is up to 150 km.

Surface illumination radar "Harpoon-E", designed to detect surface and low-flying targets, early warning of radar detection own ship, issuing the control center to missile weapons, as well as receiving and processing information from external sources via radio communication in the interests of the control center. The station has an energy capacity of 1 kW and provides active (A) and high-precision passive (P) modes of displaying the surface situation. The antenna post is located on the roof of the cabin. The active mode is used to control missile weapons (URO), can handle up to 100 targets and has a target detection range of up to 35 km under normal radar observability, and up to 90 km with increased refraction. The passive mode allows you to detect enemy radar radiation in the frequency range of 0.8-12 GHz and has a target detection range of up to 120 km, depending on the frequency range. Station readiness time for operation is 5 minutes. The time of continuous operation of the radar is 24 hours with a break of 1 hour.

Radio navigation system (RNS) "Horizon-25", designed for automated control vessel and solving navigation problems. The system allows you to continuously calculate and display the position of the vessel and its movement parameters with reference to the sea chart and radar image, maintain an electronic ship log and playback of recorded navigation information, as well as solve navigation problems and prevent ship collisions.
The complex consists of:

Navigation radar MR-231 "Horizont";
Electronic Cartographic Navigation and Information System (ECDIS) MK-54IS;
Satellite navigation receiver МТ-102 with power supply IP~ 220/=24 V;
UPS uninterruptible power supply;
printer;
RP power distribution boxes.

The Horizon-25 system provides autonomous operation of the complex components in case of failure of one of the devices, the accuracy of obtaining navigation parameters, the possibility of increasing the number of indicators from the ECDIS, as well as a wide range of interfaced navigation equipment (logs, gyrocompasses, receiving-indicator satellite systems, echo sounders).

The data exchange system of the SOD-1234EM type is designed to ensure the joint operation of Russian-made radio-technical weapons with foreign ones. Two antenna posts DO-1 in radomes were located on both sides of the mast and provide a mode for receiving control information for joint work with other ships, aircraft and coastal posts. Two antenna posts DO-2 in fairings were located on both sides of the mast and provide a mode for transmitting control information when working together with other ships, aircraft and coastal posts.

The ships were modernized at the plant number 190 "Severnaya Verf" in St. Petersburg.

The head "Salah Reis" was handed over to the customer in 2001.

Tactical and technical data project 1234EM Displacement: standard 600 tons, full 670 tons Maximum length: 59.3 metersLength according to design waterline: 54.9 meters

Maximum width:	11.8 meters
Width on design waterline:	10.16 meters
Nose side height:	7.6 meters
Board height amidships:	5.55 meters
Board height in the stern:	5 meters
Hull draft:	2.4 meters
Power point:	3 M-507 diesel-diesel units, 10,000 hp each, 3 FSH screws, 2 rudders
Electric power system:	2 x 300 kW diesel generators and 1 x 100 kW diesel generator, variable current 380 V, 50 Hz
Travel speed:	full 34 knots, economic 12 knots, combat economic 18 knots
cruising range:	1600 miles at 18 knots, 3500 miles at 12 knots
Seaworthiness:	5 points
Autonomy:	15 days
Armament:	.
artillery:	1x2 57mm AK-725 assault rifle and 1x6 30mm assault rifle AK-630M from the radar MR-123-02 "Bagheera"
missile:	4x4 launchers KT-184 anti-ship missiles 3M-24E "Uran-E"
anti-aircraft missile:	1x2 launcher ZIF-122 SAM "Osa-M"
radio engineering:	1 MR-352ME Pozitiv-ME radar, 1 Harpoon-E radar.
navigational:	1 RNS "Horizon-25", 1 gyro, AP-3U autoplotter, NEL-7 echo sounder, LI-80 log, mag. compass KI-13
Crew:	50 people (9 officers)

In total, missile ships were modernized from 2001 to 2009 - 3 units.

According to information disseminated by the Russian Ministry of Defense, in November 2017, the first serial small missile ship (RTO) of Project 22800 Karakurt will be launched. At the same time, the lead ship, called the Hurricane, has already been launched, and, according to plans, will be transferred to the Baltic Fleet of the Russian Navy in 2018, at the same time the Russian armed forces should also receive the first serial ship, called the Typhoon. What are the features of small missile ships, how many and when will the Russian Navy receive them, and what will this lead to?

Serial production of RTOs in Russia mastered at a high level

To date, two types of RTOs are being built in Russia - the Buyan-M project 21631 and the Karakurt project 22800. Buyany-M began to be built in 2010, since then three ships of this type have been received by the Red Banner Caspian Flotilla, and two by the Baltic Fleet. Until 2020, seven more products of this project will be built (four for the Black Sea Fleet, three for the Baltic Fleet). The ships of this project are distinguished by their small dimensions, displacement and draft (only 2.6 meters), which make it possible to navigate many rivers, among other things. As a result, their seaworthiness is somewhat limited and allows the Buyans to be used only close to the coast. The main armament of the ship is eight Caliber cruise missiles installed in the vertical cells of the universal ship firing system (UKSK) 3S14, and for self-defense there is a 100-mm A190 Universal gun, a 30-mm automatic anti-aircraft gun AK-630M-2 Duet " and so on. For seven years, the Russian Navy received five RTOs of this type, over the next three years it is planned to send seven more to the fleet, which indicates a noticeable increase in the pace of construction and a good development of production technology. All ships were built and will be built at the Zelenodolsk plant named after A. M. Gorky (Tatarstan).

RTOs of project 22800 "Karakurt" began to be built later - the first two ships were laid down in December 2015, and, as we have already noted, they are still being completed. In total, a series of eighteen ships should be built by 2022, while contracts have already been signed for twelve of them, and eight are under construction. Several shipyards are building this type of RTOs at once - the Pella Leningrad Shipbuilding Plant (sites in Feodosia and Otradnoy), the Zelenodolsk Plant named after A. M. Gorky, in 2018 it is planned to sign a contract for the construction of six Karakurts at the Amur Shipbuilding Plant ". Thus, it is planned to build eighteen RTOs of this type in seven years, with an average rate of 2.5 ships per year. If such plans can be implemented (there are prerequisites for this, since there is experience in the construction of Buyanov-M), then it will be possible to say with confidence that RTOs will be the only type of surface ships carrying strategic cruise missiles that Russia can build quickly and in such a large number.

Unlike Buyan-M, RTOs of the Karakurt type have a noticeably higher seaworthiness, including due to a greater draft (4 meters). The main armament of ships of this type is the same as that of Project 21631 - eight Caliber cruise missiles or Oniks anti-ship missiles installed in UKKS 3S14. Starting from the third ship of the series, the Karakurts will begin to receive a fairly serious air defense system - the Pantsir-M anti-aircraft missile and gun system, which will further increase the ship's ability to operate far from its shores.

RTOs allow the deployment of strategic cruise missiles without violating the INF Treaty

The Russian military operation in Syria has repeatedly demonstrated the ability to hit targets with the help of 3M-14 Kalibr cruise missiles from the Caspian Sea, at ranges of about 1,500 km. According to available data, this nuclear-equipped cruise missile is capable of covering about 2,600 km, and in a conventional one, at least 2,000 km. In fact, this allows you to hit targets in most of Europe without deploying ground-based cruise missiles with a range of more than 500 km, in violation of the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF). This will make it possible to meet the challenges associated with the deployment of a large number of NATO forces to Russian borders while not unilaterally withdrawing from the treaty with the United States.

Given the difficulties in building surface ships larger than RTOs and corvettes (according to Western classification, small missile ships also belong to them), building even more Karakurt and Buyanov-M may be the most optimal solution given the current capabilities of Russian military shipbuilding, while large series of more serious types of ships must be taken up with other funding and other industry opportunities.

According to the architecture, the smooth-deck hull of the ship pr. 1234 has boat lines, a slight sheer, a longitudinal framing system and is made of high-strength ship steel grade MK-35. For most of the length, the hull has a double bottom and is divided by nine bulkheads into 10 watertight compartments. Bulkheads are located on frames 11, 19, 25, 33, 41, 46, 57, 68 and 80 (sht.), on 87 sp. - transom. The lower part of the bulkheads is made of steel grade 10 KhSN 2D (SHL-45), and the upper part is made of aluminum-magnesium alloy grade AMg61. Only bulkheads on frames 11, 46 and the transom are made entirely of steel grades 10 KhSN D or 10 KhSN 2D (SHL-45).

Video of the ship of the project 1234 code "Gadfly"

Pressed profiles are made of AMg61 alloy, and parts of bulkheads made of AMg61 are attached to steel parts and to steel bottom, side and deck coamings by rivets made of AMg5P grade alloy on insulating spacers. The recruitment system is longitudinal. The ship must remain afloat when any two adjacent compartments are flooded. A three-tier island-type superstructure is located in the middle part of the hull and is made of AMg61 alloy (except for gas fenders). The internal bulkheads are also made of AMg61, and for corrosion protection, the light baffles are connected to the steel hull using bimetallic inserts. Service and living quarters are located in the superstructure, on the main deck and on two (upper and lower) platforms. The spar is represented by one four-legged truss-type foremast, made of light alloy pipes and more developed on the ships of project 1234.1. On the mast there are antennas of radio engineering devices and communications, signal halyards and navigation lights, antennas of radar stations. The height of the guard rails does not exceed 900 mm (areas 1-32 sp. and 42-87 sp.).
To improve the habitability of the ship's personnel, 3 types of insulating structures were used in the hull design: the first is protection against penetrating impulse noise. Slabs of flexible PVC-E foam plastic reinforced with PVC-1 foam plastic plates were used (on deck - in the area of 25-44 sp.; on the sides - in the area of 32-46 sp.; on bulkheads - in the area of 32, 44, 46 sp.) ; on the 1st tier of the superstructure, outside 2 tiers of the superstructure and the wheelhouse, the second - soundproof structures to reduce airborne noise. VT-4 mats were used, followed by pouring with light alloy sheets (area of bulkheads for 44 sp. and 46 sp.; on the ceiling of the NMO in the area of the 46-51st sp.), the third - thermal insulation to protect the premises from cooling. PKhV-1, PKhV-E foam boards, PSB-S polystyrene foam boards and FS-7-2 polystyrene boards, as well as heat-insulating mats made of staple and nylon fiber VT-4, were used. The commander's cabin is located at the forward end of the first tier of the superstructure (the area of the 25th-32nd sp.) and consists of an office, a bedroom and a bathroom. The room of the wardroom of the foremen, if necessary, can be used as an operating room.

Shipbuilding elements of RTOs of project 1234 code "Gadfly"

Displacement:
- standard 580t (according to other sources - 610t)
- full 670t (according to other sources - 700t)

Main dimensions:
- maximum length 59.3 m
- length no KBJ1 54.0m
- maximum width 11.8 m
- width on design waterline 8.86m
- average draft on DWL 3.02m

Power plant

The main power plant is located in two engine rooms (MO) - bow and stern. In the forward MO there are two M-507A main engines, working on the side shafts, and in the stern - one M-507A engine, working on the middle propeller. Each of the main engines consists of two seven-block (8 cylinders per block) star-shaped 56-cylinder diesel engines of the M-504B type, connected to each other through a gearbox and working on their own propeller. According to the GOST brands, the M-507A engine is designated as 112ChSPN 16/17, which stands for: 112-cylinder, four-stroke, marine with a reverse clutch, with a reduction gear, supercharged, with a cylinder diameter of 16 cm and a piston stroke of 17 cm. At a crankshaft rotation speed of 2000 rpm, the engine life exceeds 6000 hours. The mass of the M-507A engine is 17 tons, the power of each engine is 10,000 hp. The diesels are powered by three fixed pitch propellers (FPS), and propellers with a diameter of 2.5 m protrude below the main line by 1350 mm.

Full speed on RTOs pr. 1234 code "Gadfly"

Reached 35 knots, but some ships easily exceeded this figure. So RTO "Zarnitsa" more than once showed a full speed of 37-38 knots during exercises. The economic speed was 12 knots.

cruising range

Full speed in did not exceed 415 miles. At a cruising speed of 18 knots (combat economic speed), the cruising range was 1600 miles. When sailing at an economic pace, the cruising range increased to 4000 miles.

Autonomy of navigation - 10 days.

Sources of electricity

Two diesel generators of 300 kW each (one DG-300 is located in the aft MO) and one diesel generator DGR-75/1500 of 100 kW are installed as sources of electricity at RTOs. The engine rooms also house: a 650-liter fuel tank, a 1600-liter oil tank, a TS-70 cooling system thermostat, and DGR-300/1500 mufflers.

Anchor device on RTO project 1234 code "Gadfly"

It is represented by the anchor-mooring electro-hydraulic capstan SHEG-12 (the control station is located on the breakwater on the port side), the bow Hall anchor weighing 900 kg, the anchor chain with a length of 200 m (high-strength chain with spacers, caliber 28 mm), chain stoppers, deck and anchor fairleads, chain box (located under the forepeak platform). The SHEG-12 spire provides anchoring at depths up to 50 m with etching or hauling of the anchor and anchor chain at a speed of 23 m/min (when the anchor approaches the hawse, the speed decreases to 5 m/min). The spire control panel is also available in the wheelhouse, and the manual control column is located on the deck near the spire.

Mooring device

In the bow of the RTO, a SHEG-12 capstan is used with a cable pulling speed of about 20 n / min (steel cables with a diameter of 23.5 mm are used) and a pulling force of 3000 kg. In the stern of the ship there is a mooring capstan ShZ with a hauling speed of about
15 m/min and pulling force 2000 kg. On the deck of RTOs there are six bollards with pedestals (diameter 200mm), welded to the deck in the area of the 14th, 39th and 81st sp. Six bale planks with bastings are located in the area of the 11th, 57th and 85th sp. Three views are installed in the bow, stern and on the forepeak platform. The RTO is equipped with four mooring cables with a mine of 220 m each and two chain stoppers.

ship towing device

Represented by a towing bollard with bollards with a diameter of 300 mm (located in the diametral plane in the area of the 13th sp), a bale bar with rollers in the DP (area of the 1st sp), a towing hook in the DP (stern at the transom), a towing arch, a towing kapron rope 150 m long (circumference 100 mm) and a towing view in the forepeak.

Steering gear MRK

Designed to control the course of the ship by means of the R-32 electro-hydraulic steering machine (with a piston drive for two rudders) and the Piton-211 control system. The two-cylinder steering machine is equipped with two electric variable displacement oil pumps (the main one is in the afterpeak, the spare one is in the tiller compartment). Two hollow balancing rudders have a streamlined shape (the rudder blade is made of SHL-45 steel). The limiting angle of the greatest turn of the rudders from the middle position on board is 37.5 degrees. The time for shifting the rudders to an angle of 70 degrees does not exceed 15 seconds. For the first time on ships of this class, two rudders in the mode of roll dampers are provided.

Rescue Devices

On the roof of the 1st tier of the superstructure, behind the wheelhouse there are 5 life rafts PSN-10M (for 10 people each), there are 4 lifebuoys (in the region of 41 sp. on the wheelhouse and 1 tier of the superstructure-71 sp. on both sides). Each crew member has individual ISS life jackets. At the first RTOs (in overload), the Chirok crew boat with a capacity of 5 people, including the helmsman, was used as a rescue vehicle. On the deck, on the port side (behind the gas baffle), there were two davits of the ShbI / YAL-6 type. Due to the fact that the boat and davits were often damaged by a jet of flame during the launch of P-120 missiles, at the end of the 70s. they were dismantled and were no longer used on the ships of this project.

Fire-fighting equipment

RTOs had a ZhS-52 liquid fire extinguishing system to eliminate fuel and lubricants fires in engine rooms using freon 114V2. Freon is a highly toxic colorless liquid with a density of 2.18 g / cm3. Its boiling point does not exceed 46 ° C, and its freezing point is minus 112 ° C, the reaction is neutral, the chemical name is tetrafluoro-di-bromoethane. It was supplied by the Kirovochepetsk plant from the Kirov region The system had two manual control posts (in each MO), two tanks with a capacity of 45 liters of freon and two 10-liter tanks with high pressure air (HP). Freon was launched into the engine room by displacing it with compressed air at a pressure of 8 kgf / cm :. To extinguish small fires with air foam, there was an air-foam fire extinguishing system S0-500. In a special tank, 50 liters of foam concentrate PO-1 (foam) and 10 liters of compressed air in the tank were stored. The mixture was 4% foam and 96% water. these two fire extinguishing systems had a ship's compressed air system (with a pressure of 150 kgf / cm:).

Maneuverability and seaworthiness

Ships have good agility: tactical circulation diameter does not exceed 30 ship lengths, 360-degree turn time does not exceed 200 s (rudder angle - 25 degrees). Inertia: The travel distance to a complete stop from full speed does not exceed 75 ship lengths. Emergency stop - in 55 s. Handling on the wave at bow heading angles is satisfactory. At aft heading angles, the effect of “licking” occurs, the ship does not obey the helm, there is a large yaw along the course, “roll” appears. at speeds over 14 knots, spray reaches the roof of the wheelhouse. The reserve of buoyancy at standard displacement reaches 1835 m3. The initial transverse metacentric height is -2.37 m. The coefficient of transverse stability is 812 tm. Heeling moment -19.8 tm / deg. Seaworthiness - 5 points.

Crew and Habitability

The number of personnel on the small missile ships pr.1234 was 60 people, including 9 officers and 14 foremen. On the upper platform there were three double and two single officer cabins in the area of the 33rd - 41st sp. On the lower platform there was a crew quarter for 10 people in the area of the 11-19th sp.

Project 1234 strike missile weapon code "Gadfly"

The main weapons of the Gadfly were six P-120 Malachite anti-ship cruise missiles (index 4K-85), placed side by side on the upper deck in two built-in non-guided container launchers.
The development of the Malachite solid-propellant cruise missile was entrusted to OKB-52 by Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 250-89 of February 28, 1963. The rocket had a universal solid-fuel launcher and new system control API-5 (development of NII-101). The principle of automatic guidance was retained, noise immunity was increased (an additional thermal homing head was introduced) and selectivity of aiming at the target. The preliminary design of the rocket was completed in September 1963, and the draft design was completed by February of the following year. The first factory samples, manufactured at Lavochkin Plant No. 301, were received for testing at the beginning of 1968. The first stage of flight design tests of the Malakhit anti-ship missiles was carried out from September 25, 1968 to February 1969. The rocket was launched without radio equipment from a ground launcher. In July-September 1969, three missile launches were carried out from the PSA floating stand, converted according to the PSP-120 project. The stand with the rocket was towed from Balaklava to the test site near Cape Fiolent and there it was installed on four barrels, and then plunged to 50 m. All launches were successful. In July-October 1969, four rocket launches were carried out from a coastal installation, and from March to August 1970, six launches were made by the lead in the Gadfly series - the Burya MRK. Of the ten indicated launches, 5 direct hits were noted. From September 10, 1970 to 1972, fourteen test launches of the P-120 Malakhit anti-ship missiles were carried out from the Burya RTOs, and a passive over-the-horizon detection system for surface ships was installed on the Burya to provide target designation for missiles, which worked on the radiation of radio equipment (RTS ) of the opponent. The Malachite missile system was adopted by small missile ships, pr. 1234, by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of March 17, 1972.

Cruise anti-ship missile P-120 "Malachite" (4K-85)

Typically, the following characteristics of the Malachite cruise missile are given in the literature:
- launch weight of the rocket 3200 kg. actually - 5400 kg
- rocket length 9 m, in fact - 8800 mm - height 1250 mm
- width with folded wings 1210 mm
- wingspan in flight 2130 mm

The weight of the high-explosive-cumulative warhead - 500 kg, the weight of the special warhead (nuclear) - remains secret for now.
Type of homing head - combined homing with radar and thermal channels.
March flight altitude - 50 m, minimum flight range - 15 km, maximum - 120 km, flight speed - 1100 km / h.
Two KT-120-type launchers - built-in, non-guided, non-stabilized, non-armored, non-damped, container-type, with a constant elevation angle (9 degrees to the main plane). Axes PU are parallel to the diametrical plane of the ship. The speed of the rockets from the guides is 39-56 m / s. The use of weapons is possible when the sea is not more than 5 points (in fact, shooting was also carried out at 6-point waves). The loading of missiles into containers is carried out by a coastal or floating crane using special loading devices stored in the base, but test loading of missiles into the sea from the Vilyui military transport was also carried out when RTOs were on combat service in the Mediterranean Sea. Loading device for RTOs pr. 1234 - type ZU-84 using standard beams with catchers and a frame. Characteristics of the ship's electrical network AC: 380 V, 400 Hz, 5.5 kW, DC network: 27 V, 0.55 kW. The temperature regime in the launcher is provided by the ship's air conditioning system and is in the range of +5 - -25 C. The disadvantages of the P-120 anti-ship missiles include the presence of a long black plume of smoke left by its solid fuel engine.

Anti-aircraft missile weapons MRK project 1234 code "Gadfly"

circuit diagram PU "ZiF-122" and its placement

The air defense of the ship with the task of destroying single air targets was assigned to the anti-aircraft missile system (SAM) of self-defense "Osa-M", located in the bow of the ship in position "A".
The air defense system includes a ZiF-122 double-beam launcher, a missile supply and reloading system, a 4R-33 control system and an ammunition load of 20 9M-33 anti-aircraft missiles. The ZiF-122 launcher was developed at TsKB-7 (now Arsenal) under the guidance of
V.A. Khramtsov and was located in a non-working position below the deck of the tank in the so-called "glass" - a special cellar where the ammunition was placed. The guide beam in the lowered state is located vertically and, when moving from traveling to combat position, rises along with two anti-aircraft missiles. The missiles in the cellar are placed in four rotating drums with five missiles each. After the launch of the first rocket, the drum automatically rotates to enter the loading line for the next rocket. After the launch of the second rocket, the launch beams automatically turn vertically, and the lifting part quickly descends into the cellar and “pierces” two next missiles in the drum onto the launch beam guides. The reload time of the launcher does not exceed 16-21 seconds. The rate of fire is 2 launches per minute when firing at air targets and 2.8 launches per minute when firing at surface targets. The time to transfer fire to another target does not exceed 12 seconds. The air defense system works on targets flying at a height of up to 50 meters, otherwise the rocket fuse would go off. The weight of the launcher without ammunition is 6850 kg.
Anti-aircraft missile 9M-33 - single-stage with a dual-mode solid-propellant engine. The rocket is arranged according to the aerodynamic configuration of the "duck" type (with rudders in the forward part of the rocket fuselage). Four wings are structurally integrated into a single wing unit, which is movably mounted relative to the fuselage and rotates freely during flight, reducing the crepe moment from the air flow. The main blocks of the rocket are represented by radio control equipment (command radio unit) and radio vision (literal transponder), autopilot, radio fuse, onboard power supply, warhead (warhead - weighing 15 kg) with a safety actuator - located in the nose of the rocket. In the tail section of the rocket there is an engine, antennas of the command radio unit and on-board transponder, as well as tracers for tracking the rocket with the help of a television-optical sight. The weight of the rocket is 126 kg, the fuselage length is 3158 mm, the diameter is 210 mm, and the wingspan is 650 mm. The average rocket flight speed is 500 m / s.

Launch of the 9M33 missile of the Osa-M shipborne anti-aircraft missile system

The Osa complex ensured the defeat of targets flying at a speed of 300 m / s. at altitudes of 200-5000 m and at a distance of up to 9000 m. For targets flying at low altitudes (50-100 m), the range of destruction was reduced to 4000-6000 m. For supersonic targets (speed up to 420 m / s) the far boundary of the zone damage decreased to 7100 m at a target flight altitude of 200-5000 m. After leaving the launcher and the automatic (uncontrolled by radio commands) initial flight segment, the missile is “captured” by the missile sighting station and displayed on the target. The control system uses the command method of flight control for any of the three methods: for air, for low-flying and for surface targets. When the rocket approaches the target, a command is given to cock the radio fuse and remove the last stage of the fuse. The radio fuse begins to emit radio-magnetic pulses and when the signal is reflected from the target at a certain level, the warhead is detonated at a distance no further than 15 m from the target. When a missile flies past its target, it self-destructs or collapses upon impact with water. For independent target detection, the control system also includes a radar station (radar) 4R-33, which provides detection of air targets at altitudes up to 4000 m and at a distance of 25-30 km. Combining the modes of detection and target acquisition for tracking in one system made it possible to reduce the reaction time of the complex by 6-8 s. The Osa-M air defense system was tested on OS-24 pr.ZZ (former KRL Voroshilov pr.26), and then on the head "albatross" - "MPK-147" until 1971 and was adopted by the Navy in 1973 In 1975, the modernization of the complex under the code "Osa-MA" began. Its tests were also carried out on the MPK-147 near Feodosia, and in 1979 a modified air defense system was adopted by the fleet. To improve reliability in the early 80s. the second modernization of the complex was carried out in order to increase the effectiveness of the destruction of low-flying anti-ship missiles. Now the Osa-MA-1 air defense system has become capable of hitting targets flying at an altitude of up to 5 m above sea level. Nevertheless, it should be noted that by the beginning of the 21st century, the Osa-M family of air defense systems can be considered obsolete and ineffective weapons, unable to repel a simultaneous attack by several high-speed air targets or cruise anti-ship missiles and protect the ship from destruction.
Some temporary way out of this situation was the use on the ships of the USSR Navy of portable air defense systems of the Strela-2, 2M, 3, ZM type and the Igla-1 type, developed under the guidance of chief designer S. P. Invincible.

Artillery armament of RTOs project 1234 code "Gadfly"

On small rocket ships of the base pr. 1234 "Gadfly" there is only one double-barreled turret artillery installation AU AK-725 (in the aft part of the hull). The technical design of the installation was completed on April 14, 1958 (according to the TTZ dated November 30, 1956) and by the spring of 1960 the head prototype ZiF-72 had been tested (ZiF - Frunze Plant, aka Plant No. 7, a.k.a. Arsenal. The first AU was tested on the IPC project 204 in the Kerch region by July 1964. By Decree SM No. 443-177 of May 23, 1964 and the order of the Minister of Defense (MO) of the USSR of July 24, 1964, the ZiF-72 installation was put into service under index AK-725. The AK-725 installation was equipped with two modernized 57-mm ZiF-74 assault rifles (the modernization consisted in the introduction of tape power and a system for continuous cooling of the barrels with outboard water). Both machine guns were placed in the same cradle, and each tape of ammunition included 550 links with cartridges and was placed in the bunker of the tower. The automation of the guns worked at the expense of the recoil energy. The installation tower is unarmored and made of 6 mm thick duralumin (its inner surface is covered with polyurethane foam to prevent sweating). Calculation - 2 people.

The length of the gun barrel is 75 calibers (16 grooves), the weight of the shutter is 15 kg. The rate of fire of each gun is 200 rounds per minute with a mine of a continuous burst of 100 rounds. Elevation angles - ranging from -10" to +85", horizontal guidance angles - within 200" on both sides. The pointing speed in two planes ranges from 30 to 35 degrees / s. The total weight of the installation without ammunition and on-board equipment is 3900 kg, the weight of one machine gun is 277 kg. Projectile weight - 2.8 kg, initial projectile velocity - 1020 m / s. In the ammunition load - only a unitary shot with a fragmentation tracer designed for firing at both air and surface targets. Shot weight - 6.35 kg, warhead projectile weight - 153 g, fuse - type MGZ-57 (head, contact, safety type, with burst delay). The firing range reached 8420 m (according to the self-liquidator - 6950 m). Guidance of the guns was carried out either from a remote control panel with a Kolonka ring sight, or remotely from a fire control radar of the MP-103 Bars type (development design bureau of the Topaz plant, under the leadership of Ermolov N.I.). The automata were aimed at the target using the ESP-72 electric servo drive. The maximum target detection range of the MP-103 station reaches 40 km. The antenna post (AP) of the radar is located on the aft superstructure of the ship. Despite a number of positive characteristics, practice has shown the low efficiency of a 57-mm projectile with a proximity fuse and the need to strengthen naval artillery.

Electronic warfare installations

For the purposes of electronic warfare, RTOs are equipped with two to four launchers for setting passive interference (chaff) PK-10 and two to four - PK-16. PU PK-16 (KL-101) is a package with 16 guide pipes with cantilever mounting on the trunnion and vertical wall. It has a remote (electric) and manual drives for opening the front cover and a manual drive for vertical guidance (ranging from 0 to 60 with a fixed position of the package every 10). Fire control is carried out using a special remote control that provides automatic firing with a rate of fire of 2 rounds per second (for any given sequence of projectiles) and semi-automatic firing of single projectiles. Installation calculation - one person. The weight of the launcher is 400 kg, and the weight of the remote equipment is 90 kg. Shooting is carried out with 82-mm turbojet anti-radar projectiles RUMM-82 (TSP-60), which consist of a rocket engine and a warhead in two versions (with metallized dipole reflectors and with false thermal targets). False radar targets can be set at ranges from the ship in the range from 0.5 to 3.5 km, and thermal targets - at ranges from 2 to 3.5 km at altitudes from 100 to 1600 m. from 2 to 12 cm within 5-10 minutes. Thermal interference projectiles create decoys that effectively operate in the 2-5 micron mine wave range for 50-80 s. The weight of the TSP-60 projectile, depending on the equipment, is 8.76-8.92 kg, the projectile mine is 670 mm. Flight range - 3500 m.
The PK-10 "Brave" complex is also intended for setting radio-electronic and opto-electronic decoys and was put into service in 1985. The complex consists of four launchers, a remote control, an external control panel and 120-mm projectiles. Shooting is carried out in automatic (series) or manual (single) modes. Each projectile weighs up to 25 kg and has a body length of 1220 mm. The launcher (weighing 205 - 336 kg) consists of a package with 10 guide tubes. Installation dimensions: mine - 655 mm, width - 962 mm, height - 540 mm.

Radio engineering complex system "Titanit"

Provides active and passive detection of targets, reception of information from aviation air surveillance and direction finding systems - the MRTS-1 system (marine radio-technical target designation system). Radar complex (RLK) "Titanit" also provides the development and issuance of target designation in the KSU, the management of joint combat operations and provides a solution to navigation problems. The complex can operate in five modes:
"A" - active target detection and target designation mode.
"P" - passive target detection and target designation mode.
"U" - the mode of receiving information from the MRSC-1 system. "B" - the mode of mutual exchange of information and the management of joint military operations (USBD).
"H" - navigation mode (in the range from 40 m to 38 kb.).
The time of bringing the complex into combat readiness does not exceed 5-20 minutes. (without or with a performance check) The time of continuous operation of the complex should not exceed 12 hours, and the over-the-horizon target detection range is 120-130 km (when working with aviation at an altitude of 2 km, the target detection range is 150-170 km). Above the roof of the wheelhouse there is a fiberglass fairing of the antenna device D-01, which ensures the implementation of the "P" and "U" modes. On both sides of the antenna post D-01 there are two fairings of antenna posts D-02, providing the mode "B" - USBD. Antenna post D-03 is installed in front of the AP D-01 on the roof of the cabin to perform modes "H" and "A". At the top of the mast there are antenna posts D-04 and D-05, which ensure the implementation of the modes "B" and "U" (respectively), and a little lower - the antenna post D-06 ("P" mode), the Titanit system is interfaced with device "Danube", which provides the preparation and launch of missiles "Malachite". The detection range of surface targets is at least 40 km, and the over-the-horizon detection range is more than 100 km.

State identification system

Represented by one radar - the combined interrogator-responder "Nichrom-RRM" with the 082M device (now replaced by the 6730-5 device). Radar "Nichrome" allows you to identify surface and air targets to determine their belonging to their armed forces. The interrogating antenna is built in AP D-03. An additional interrogator "Nickel-KM" with the device 082M is built into the antenna post 4R-33.

Navigation radar "Don"

Adopted in 1957, the AP radar is located on the top of the mast, operates in the range of 3 cm and is able to detect air targets at a distance of up to 50 km, and surface targets - up to 25 km. It was installed only on some ships. Initially, the project did not provide for the placement of special navigational radar facilities on the ship; for these purposes, it was supposed to use a special channel of the Titanit RAC. But in the course of the service of the first ships, the need for their presence was revealed (mainly to ensure navigational safety when performing combat missions) and they began to install any suitable ones available in the fleets on RTOs.

Radio intelligence radar MRP-11-12 ("Zaliv").

The antenna post is located in front of the wheelhouse. At the RTO "Zarnitsa", an experimental radar of electronic intelligence "Ograda" (1975) was tested, which was not widely used, but had an active jamming station, barrage noise, impulse and combined modes of operation.

Infrared equipment Khmel-2

All RTOs were equipped with it. This equipment made it possible to carry out joint navigation and covert communications at night, with the ships completely darkened, as well as to observe and take direction finding infrared lights. Continuous operation time - 20 hours, direction finding range -20 cab, distance determination - up to 4 cab. The system operates on 27 V DC.

Radio communication facilities

R-654-PR radio transmitter, R-6788 and Volna-K radio receivers, R-615M and R-619-2 radio stations (two pieces). There is ZAS equipment (4 types) and a P-400 "Chestnut" broadcasting system. It is interesting to note that the equipment would continue to function during the explosion of a medium-caliber atomic bomb at a distance of at least 4000 meters from the epicenter of the explosion.

For protection against weapons of mass destruction (ZOMP)

it is planned to create four sealed circuits, install FSM-2000 filters in the air intake shafts of diesel engines, the presence of dosimetric equipment KDU-5, KID-6V, chemical and radiation reconnaissance devices VPKhR and KRGB-1. The ships are equipped with filtering gas masks according to the number of crew members and 10 insulating gas masks, chemical kits.

Navigator weapons

Represented by the GKU-1 gyro-heading indicator, the KI-13 magnetic compass, the LI-80 induction log, the MGL-50 hydrodynamic log, the KPF-4 ship phase receiver-indicator (for combat service they were equipped with a KPI-4 pulse receiver-indicator), the AP-ZU autoplotter, echo sounder NEL-7.

There is a demagnetizer.

The lead ship in a series of small missile ships of project 1234. Laid down on slipway No. 1 of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipbuilding Plant (former Shipyard No. 5 - NKVD shipyard) under the designation MRK-Z on January 13, 1967, but the main work began only in February. The plant did a lot of work on the construction of a new type of ship, at the beginning of 1968, the formation of the first MRK-Z crew began in the 41st brigade of the TKA Black Sea Fleet. On May 21, 1968, the personnel of the first crew under the command of the first commander of the ship, Captain 3rd Rank Dmitry Gavrilovich Prutskov, were settled on the ship. The ceremonial launch of the ship took place on October 28, 1968, and on June 22, 1969, the Naval flag of the USSR was hoisted on the new RTO. In the summer of the same year, the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Sergey Georgievich Gorshkov visited MRK-Z. The arrival of the Commander-in-Chief was not accidental, since the RTOs of this project were considered his brainchild. Eyewitnesses said that S.G. Gorshkov was very pleased with what he saw and examined the ship for a long time, admiring the missile containers ready for loading. He was impressed by the strength and power of such a small ship. Nearby stood the second building of the MRK-7 under construction, and the admiral rejoiced at the growing power of the Soviet fleet. Looking at a small rocket ship, S.G. Gorshkov uttered the phrase that became winged, which was included in the title of the book. On this day, the Commander-in-Chief decided to give RTOs their own names, remembering the dashing "divisions bad weather» during the Great Patriotic War. The lead RTO of the series was included in the KChF on March 20, 1970, and from April 25, 1970, MRK-Z received its own name - Burya (military unit-62872), and on September 30
1970 completed state tests in Baltiysk. After signing the acceptance certificate of the RTO "Storm" was accepted into the USSR Navy. The ship then moved on
inland waterways to the delivery base of the fleet in the naval base of Feodosia, and in April 1971 moved to the main base of the fleet of Sevastopol and was temporarily based here on the berth b. Troitskaya.
On July 5, 1971, the management of the 166th division of small missile ships was formed, which was given the name of the Red Banner Novorossiysk (based on the 2nd brigade of the TKA Black Sea Fleet during the past war). The first commander of the new division was the commander of the "Storm" captain 3rd rank D.G. Prutskov, and Lieutenant Commander Albert Nikolaevich Parygin climbed onto the command bridge of the MRK. Since August 14, 1971, RTOs "Storm" and "Breeze" are subordinate to the commander of 166 DNMRK.
After leaving the plant, the MRK "Storm" has already traveled more than 7250 miles and in two years made so many missile launches that the veterans of the unit do not remember their exact number. In 1972, the ship continued to launch anti-ship missiles at the Feodosiya training ground, and in the same year in Feodosia, three main engines were replaced with new ones in two and a half months, since the first engines had only 500 hours of life. For the first time in the history of the ships of this project, all three main engines were replaced while moored. For 1972 RTO "Storm" passed 3823 miles.
1973 became a serious test for the Burya. In May, the commander of the MRK, Lieutenant Commander A.I. Parygin left to accept a new "order" (MRK "Zarnitsa") and was replaced by Lieutenant Commander Alexander Vasilyevich Sirotkin, who commanded the "Storm" for almost nine years. It was he who had the honor for the first time in national history to carry out a six-missile volley with the main strike complex. Shooting was carried out on August 31, 1973 and was carried out at three burning targets from a distance of 100 km. Legends still circulate about that episode, in particular: during the launch of six P-120 missiles, the MRK settled into the water along the upper deck (which seems unlikely, since experienced sailors deny this fact), the DG refused to shake the hull, the ship was de-energized, but everything The missiles fired hit the target exactly. In 1973, the ship covered 3555 miles. Shortly after the firing of the MRK "Storm" stood up for maintenance at Shipyard No. 13 (Kilen Bay of Sevastopol). The repair lasted from November 1973 to May 1974 and part of the radio equipment was replaced on it (including R-615 with R-654). In the same year, the ship was docked in the factory floating dock in Poti. The ship had to take part in the rescue operation on August 30, 1974, when the Otvazhny BOD was on fire in the outer roadstead of Sevastopol. RTOs "Storm" and "Zarnitsa" followed in the wake of "Brave", and two more RTOs ("Breeze" and "Whirlwind") were in 20 cab. from the BOD along the bearing 355 degrees. After the explosion of the missile cellar and a strong fire on the Courageous, RTOs picked up 26 sailors from the BOD from the water (including 9 people were taken aboard the Storm). In 1974, RTOs covered 3685 miles. In March 1975, the ship passed the planned docking and during the year left behind the stern another 3780 miles passed in the Black Sea. In March 1976 - again docking, 4385 miles were covered in a year. According to the results of 1976, the RTO "Storm" was awarded a diploma of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy of the USSR and declared the best ship in the Navy for fire and tactical training (acted in the tactical group of RTOs under the command of Captain 2nd Rank D.G. Prutskov).
In April 1977 and 1978 - docking, 3138 miles and 2917 miles covered per year (respectively). From October 15, 1978 to October 15, 1979 - RTO "Storm" is undergoing an average repair at Shipyard No. 13 (in particular, during the repair, FVU-200 was replaced by FPU-200). In November 1979, the ship was docked again and covered only 268 miles in a year. In 1980, RTOs covered 2,771 miles. From May to December, the ship was equipped with active jamming equipment (code "Kilektor"), docking of RTOs took place in June 1980. In 1981, the ship was again declared "Excellent".
1982 became a serious test for the ship and its crew. In February, the communication equipment ADK-3 "Sluice" was placed on the ship and the RTO "Storm" for the first time entered combat service (BS) in the Mediterranean Sea. From April to July 1982, RTOs "Storm" and "Thunder", with the provision of a floating missile technical base (PRTB-13), performed the tasks of tracking surface ships of the US 6th Fleet, including. behind the attack aircraft carrier "John F. Kennedy" (side number 67). During the days of Israeli aggression on the land of long-suffering Lebanon, the RTO "Storm" was in June 1982 on the watch line in the combat area. According to the results of carrying the RTO BS, the rating was “Excellent”, 4956 miles were covered during the year.
In 1983, the RTO "Storm" passed 3710 miles (the ship was docked in January), sailing in the Black and Azov Seas. Based on the results of combat and political training (BP and PP), the Burya was declared an excellent ship in 1983, 1984, 1985 and 1987. In 1984, the ship covered 2198 miles, in 1985 - 3755 miles (docking in October), in 1986 - 1440 miles. In August 1987, RTOs again underwent docking and the replacement of two DGAS-300 diesel generators. According to the results of 1987, the ship was awarded a diploma of the commander of the KChF.
In 1988, the ship covered 3110 miles. In the period from March 19 to April 10, 1988, the RTO was based in the Poti naval base to train foreign crews, and from 19 to 23 October
October "Storm" takes part in the command-staff exercises (KShU) "Autumn-88" under the general supervision of the Minister of Defense of the USSR. In 1989, RTOs passed 1853 miles in the Black Sea. In February 1990, the RTO "Storm" passed the last docking and managed to cover 620 miles in a year. In December 1990, the lead ship of the project was withdrawn from the active fleet and put into conservation. In total, during its history, the RTO Burya traveled 60,287 miles, performed more than 50 launches of the P-120 Malachite anti-ship missiles, repeatedly performed two- and three-missile launches with the main strike complex at various distances and for various training purposes.
Since February 11, 1991, due to significant wear and tear of the materiel and lack of funds for repairs, the ship was excluded from the fleet and transferred to the Fleet Stock Property Department (OFI) of the KChF for scrapping. In the summer of 1991, the disarmament of the RTO began, which stood in the depths of the Karantinnaya Bay at berth No. 106. In June 1992, the Buri hull was brought to Inkerman and was dismantled for metal within two months. Known tail numbers: 354,964,602,604,603,608, 624.

The ship was laid down on November 5, 1967 on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard (serial number S-52) and on June 15, 1968 was added to the lists of ships of the USSR Navy. The launch took place on October 10, 1969, and in the spring of the following year, RTOs passed through inland waterways to the Black Sea to pass acceptance tests; on December 31, 1970, an acceptance certificate was signed. Since January 27, 1970, MRK-7 has been included in the 41st ObrRKA of the KChF (D-15/001/00). On February 9, 1971, MRK-7 was included in the KChF (military unit 81240) and on March 20, 1970 was excluded from the KChF (D-15/085) as a "numbered" ship. The same number of RTOs included in the KChF, as received the name "Breeze" (D-15/0436). Since April 25, 1970, Breeze has been listed in the RO of the 2nd category (D-15/006/35). In January 1972, the ship moved to its permanent base in Sevastopol. And he began to work out the tasks of the BP as part of the 166DN MRK. In 1973 "Breeze", together with the RTO "Groza", laid the foundation for the performance of combat services by small missile ships, during which the combat capabilities of the "Gadflies" were checked and the readiness of the crews for combat operations was assessed. July-August 1977 RTOs "Breeze" and "Zarnitsa" carry BS in the Mediterranean Sea, the ship has traveled 6380 miles. 11/18/1977 RTO "Breeze" was declared the best surface ship of the Black Sea Fleet, and the crew was excellent. 06-081978 RTOs "Breeze" and "Thunder" performed the tasks of the BS. 22-28 06 TG RTO paid a friendly visit to the port of Latakia SAR. This combat service for RTOs ended in the unsuccessful execution of artillery firing (AS) and anti-aircraft missile firing (ZRS). The ship lost the title of an excellent ship. The crew was rehabilitated the following year, 1979, performing the tasks of the BS together with the RTOs Grom and Zarnitsa. The ship performed combat exercises (BU) excellently and received the highest final mark for the BS. During the BS, 8200 miles were covered, a call was made to the Syrian port of Tartus. The ship was returned the title of "excellent". In 1980, the RTO "Breeze" was transferred to the 295th Red Banner Sulinsky division of the RTOs of the 41st BrRKA. As part of a detachment of warships (OBK), the KChF took part in a joint exercise of the Navy of Bulgaria and the USSR. In 1981 he won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training as part of the KUG. 1981-1982 The ship has undergone an average repair. 1983 for the ship was the most intense for the entire time of service in the KChF, this year it covered 8239 miles in 69 annual days. In the course of working out the tasks of combat training (BP), the ship completed 3 PCs with strike weapons and 2 air defense systems. "Breeze" performed the tasks of the BS together with the RTO "Komsomolets of Mordovia" from 21. 11. 1983 on 05.01.1984. During this BS on RTO "Breeze" the propeller blade of the middle shaft line was torn off. This episode served as a pretext for the Commander-in-Chief to conduct an exercise to urgently restore the ship's combat capability, as it received combat damage during the BS. 01/05/1984 "Breeze" returned to Sevastopol, was repaired in 10 days and was ready to return to the Mediterranean Sea to continue carrying the BS. However, by directive of the Navy Commander-in-Chief, he was reassigned to the 165th BrRKA of the Pacific Fleet and began preparations for the transition to the Pacific Ocean and carrying the BS in the South China Sea.
13.03. 1984 RTO "Breeze" under tow began the transition to the Pacific Fleet through the Suez Canal, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean. On June 22, 1984, he arrived at the PMB Kamran SRV and became part of the 119th brigade of surface ships (BrNK) of the 17th OPESK. Cam Ranh port is located on the peninsula of the same name in Khanh Hoa province in the southern part of Vietnam and includes two deep-water bays (Binh Boa and Cam Ranh). The USSR Navy has been functioning as a logistic support point (PMTO) since April 1980, and since 1983 ships and vessels of the 17th OPESK (operational squadron) of the KTOF have been based here. BS "Breeze" in the South China Sea, based at the Kamran PMTO, continued until 05/06/1985, then the ship under tow made a 20-day transition to the main base of the KTOF - Vladivostok. In total, the crew performed the assigned tasks in the expanses of the seas and oceans for 1 year and 2 months. 05/10/1985 RTO "Breeze" was included in the 192 DN MRK 165 BrRKA based in Uliss Bay, Vladivostok. RTO "Breeze" for five years periodically came to Cam Ranh and performed the tasks of the BS. After the next trip, on 08/01/1986, RTO "Breeze" arrived in Vladivostok and until 4. 1987 was undergoing a medium repair at Dalzavod. And on May 10, 1987 RTO "Breeze" again went to the BS in the PMTO Kamran, which it carried until May 20, 1988. degree. PMTO Cam Ranh ceased to exist on May 4, 2002. Then the last 50 officers, led by the commander of the unit, captain 1st rank Yuri Eremin, left the base on the Sakhalin-9 ferry. Then the ship was reassigned to the Kamchatka flotilla of diverse forces of the KTOF. And since August 19, 1988. to October 29, 92. was part of the 66 division of RTOs. In total, over the years of service in the fleet, the RTO "Breeze" completed 28 strike weapons and 7 times went to the BS in the Mediterranean and South China Seas. On October 29, 1992, the RTO "Breeze" was expelled from the Navy and transferred to
OFI for disarmament, dismantling and sale. The ship was disbanded on December 31, 1992 and laid up. Finally cut into metal in 1998 at SRZ-49 in Seldevaya Bay (Vilyuchinsk).
Known tail numbers: 356,962,611,602,612,430.

The commanders of the ship MRK-7 "Breeze":

captain of the 3rd rank Boris Ivanovich Zavyalov 1969-1973 cap.-l-t Yuri Stanislavovich Grebennik 1985-1991 captain of the 3rd rank Tsara Bopuevich Gaytov 1973-1978 cap.-l-t Vladimir Ivanovich Khodanov 1991 cap.-l-t Vladimir Vladimirovich Kharlov 1978 -1980 cap.-l-t Yuri Vladimirovich Arshin 1991-1992 cap.-l-t Vyacheslav Konstantinovich Yavorin 1980-1985.

The hull of the third RTO in the series (serial number S-53) was laid down on August 21, 1967 on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, on April 25, 1970, it was included in the lists of the Navy ships. The launching took place on July 22, 1970. Sea trials and firing of all RTOs of the Leningrad construction took place in the Baltic, based on the Baltiysk naval base. The ship was commanded by its first commander, Captain 3rd Rank Felix Frantsevich Machulin. For this period, the ships were subordinate to the commander of the 12th missile ship division. After the completion of the tests, the Whirlwind crossed the inland waterways from Baltiysk to Feodosia. The acceptance certificate was signed on September 30, 1971 and on November 1 the ship was included in the KChF, since the ships of project 1234 were specially created to destroy aircraft carriers in the Mediterranean. MRK "Whirlwind" arrived in Sevastopol from Feodosia on February 16, 1972 and became part of the 41st brigade of the RCA KChF. The second commander of the MRK was Nikolai Kirillovich Poshivalov.
In 1974, the Whirlwind and Grom RTOs entered the Mediterranean Sea and, while performing the tasks of the BS, for the first time used a new tactical technique from the position of tracking the movement of ships of the 6th Fleet by drifting. TG RTOs lay down to drift south of the island of Crete, being ready to set in motion and begin tactical deployment 15 minutes after the command was given. The total duration of tracking is 20-25 days. The whole burden of maintaining such readiness fell on the shoulders of a small crew - in fact, a running watch was being carried. The ships approached the border of the territorial waters of Greece (Crete), turned off the engines and drifted in a southerly direction. To evade ships following international routes, the ships periodically set off under one of the diesel engines. A day or two later, they again approached Fr. Crete, the action was repeated This tactic was continued and further development. During the BS, the ships made a business call at the Tar-Tue settlement of the SAR for the production of PPO and PPR. The beginning of this campaign was marked by a curiosity. At the passage from Sevastopol to the Mediterranean Sea, while forcing the strait zone, the ship, at the entrance to the Sea of Marmara, was completely de-energized and stopped (engines turned off). The reason is the sloppiness of the sailing watch, which allowed the complete exhaustion of fuel from the service tank and did not control the flow of high-pressure air (VVD) (the cylinders also turned out to be empty, and the sailors admired the shores of the Bosphorus). Deprived of the opportunity to inform its flagship (RTO "Grom") about the emergency, "Whirlwind" could become a serious obstacle to heavy shipping and cause an international incident. Fortunately, on the "Thunder" they noticed the plight of a colleague. We approached him and, with the help of strong words and sailor's hands, handed over to the "Whirlwind" a cylinder of compressed air weighing 500 kg. Incredibly, this operation was done without mechanical devices, and quite quickly.
In April 1975, Vikhr and Groza took part in a joint exercise of the strike forces of the allied fleets of the USSR, Romania and Bulgaria under the leadership of the Minister of Defense of the People's Republic of Bulgaria. In addition to the "Gadflies", from our side, the RCA pr.206MR participated, from the side of the allies - the RCA pr.205 and 205U. According to the plan, the allied fleet was supposed to launch a missile attack and destroy the enemy ship strike group, which was forcing the straits and breaking into the Black Sea. The role of the "enemy" was assigned to our ships, returning, at the end of the BS, home from the Mediterranean Sea. The "enemy" - the "blues", in turn, had to repel the attack and destroy the shock forces of the "reds". In the “Success” mode of the Titanit radar, the Gadfly received a reflection of the surface situation from the Tu-95RTs aircraft. The combat crews of the ships carried out the identification of the KUG during its movement in the Sea of Marmara and carried out the guidance of the TG missile boats of the allies, being in the roadstead of the village of Sazopol (NRB). During the exercise, at its initial stage, a “strike” was dealt to the “enemy” KUG by a TG consisting of ... passenger hydrofoil ships (PC) of the “Meteor” type of Bulgarian shipping companies! The ploy was completely successful. The "enemy" cheerfully reported on the reflection of the "strike" and the "rout" of the "Red" grouping. What was his surprise when he was subjected to three successive "strike" TG RKA Bulgaria, Romania, USSR! The point in this exercise was put by RTOs "Whirlwind" and "Thunder", completing the "defeat" of the "blue". The technique of creating false directions was fully justified, since it allowed the main forces to covertly deploy into firing positions.
In the summer of 1977, the Whirlwind RTO was transferred from Sevastopol through the Suez Canal to Vladivostok and on August 31, 1977. joined the KTOF. He commanded the ship at the passage cap. 3rd rank Dmitry Fedorovich Ivanteev. In April 1987, he took part in the rescue of the crew of the dying RTO "Musson". On July 4, 1987, the ship was reassigned to the Kamchatka FRS KTOF. Since October 10, 1987 to August 9, 1994 was part of the 66th division of small missile ships. On July 26, 1992, the Andreevsky flag was raised on the ship. Excluded from the Navy on July 5, 1994 and handed over to the department for the sale of military property - the former OFI - (ARVI) for disarmament, dismantling and sale. Disbanded September 1, 1994. Known tail numbers: 351,955,425,432.

The commanders of the ship MRK "Whirlwind":

Cap.Z rank Machulin Felix Frantsevich, cap.Z rank Poshivalov Nikolai Konstantinovich, cap. l-t Ivanteev Dmitry Fedorovich, cap. of the 3rd rank Yakovlev Viktor Leonidovich, cap.- l-t Ostrikov Alexei, cap. of the 3rd rank Roshinets Vasily Iosifovich, cap. Lieutenant Tishin Vladimir Nikolaevich, cap.Z rank Kopot Petr Mikhailovich.

RTO "Volna"

The fourth ship of the series (serial number S-54), which became the first project 1234 ship to join the KSF. Laid down on September 27, 1968 at the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, entered into the lists of ships of the Navy on April 25, 1970, launched on July 20, 1971 and December 31, 1971 entered service. The first commander of the MRK was Captain 3rd Rank Alekseev. In January 1972, the ship was in Baltiysk, eliminating deficiencies, and on February 4, 1972, the Volna RTO was included in the DCBF under the command of Lieutenant Commander Georgy Vsevolodovich Cherokov. Based since January 1974 on Liepaja. On April 24, 1974, it was reassigned to the KSF and in May 1974 passed through inland waterways to the White Sea. Here the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy conducted a large exercise and demonstrated new ships and military equipment to the highest military command of the Armed Forces of the USSR. RTO "Volna" was based on the village of Granite. Passed a medium repair at SRZ-177 in Ust-Dvinsk since August 10
1988 to October 1, 1989. In the spring of 1990, it was decommissioned, mothballed and laid up in the Sayda Bay (Naval Base Gadzhiyevo). It was expelled from the Russian Navy on June 30, 1993 and handed over to SARS, and on January 25, 1994 it was disbanded and later dismantled for metal. The well-known tail number is 528.

The fifth ship of the series, laid down on November 29, 1967 on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard (serial number S-55) and entered on October 20, 1970 in the lists of ships of the Navy. Launched on April 30, 1972, entered service on September 30, and on October 31, 1972 included in the DCBF (the first Gadfly in the Baltic). The ship under the command of Captain 3rd Rank Gladyshev (former commander of the Tambov Komsomolets RCA) was equipped with a Baltic crew from the 36th brigade of the RCA. In 1983, 1985 and 1987 won the prize of the Civil Code of the Navy of the USSR for missile training as part of the KUG. He underwent a medium repair at SRZ-177 in Ust-Dvinsk from November 1, 1989 to February 7, 1990. From July 26, 1992, the Grad RTO under the Andreevsky flag. On June 30, 1993, it was expelled from the Navy and transferred to the ARVI fleet for sale; on February 1, 1994, the ship was disbanded. Known tail numbers: 506,582,552

The laying of the hull of RTOs with serial number S-56 took place on January 9, 1969 at the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, and on October 20, 1970, the RTO, which received the name "Groza" (military unit 49352), was included in the lists of ships of the USSR Navy. The crew of the "Thunderstorm" was formed in the 41st BrRKA on May 15, 1972, and cap. Z rank Danilchenko was appointed the first commander of the ship. Launching took place on July 26, 1972, and on December 26, the ship entered service and on January 31, 1973 was included in the DKBF. In the summer of the same year, the RTO "Groza" crossed the inland waterways to the Black Sea and from September 4, 1973 was included in the 41st brigade of the RCA KChF (166DN). October 30, 1973 RTO "Groza" for the first time entered combat service in the Mediterranean Sea together with the RTO "Breeze" in providing "PRTB-13" and successfully monitored the aircraft carrier "John F. Kennedy *. In 1976, the ship again carries the BS in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea, together with the Zarnitsa RTO, with the support of the PRTB-33 *. In the spring of 1975, the RTO "Groza" went to sea to test the limits of autonomy, cruising range and the possibility of modernization. A group of specialists was on board the ship, and the Thunderstorm made the transition from Sevastopol to Batumi without calling at ports. Only fresh water reserves were replenished and, based on the results of the campaign, the possibility of increasing autonomy for a period of more than 10 days was confirmed and directions for increasing the combat capabilities of the project were determined. Decommissioned on September 1, 1990 and mothballed with sludge in Karantinnaya Bay (Sevastopol). On January 1, 1993, the Thunderstorm RTO was expelled from the Navy, and in September 1993, the disarmament of the ship began. On the morning of October 15, 1993, the Groza hull was towed to the mouth of the Black River, where it was dismantled for metal in Inkerman (Sevastopol) by the Vtorchermet enterprise. Known tail numbers: 363, 358, 970, 611, 613, 614, 604, 619.

The ship was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard on October 1, 1969 (serial number C-57) and on October 20 of the following year received the name "Thunder" (military unit 40199). By May 25, 1972, a crew was formed in the 41st brigade of the RCA of the Black Sea Fleet to receive the ship in Leningrad (according to staff 61/603-A). The first commander of the ship was Capt.-l-t Bondarenko Alexander Ivanovich. The launching took place on October 29, 1972; Since January 31, 1973, the ship was reassigned to the 166th Red Banner Novorossiysk division of the RTOs of the 41st brigade of the RCA KChF. During the civil war in Lebanon (1975-1976), Grom, together with the Whirlwind RTO, carries the BS in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, supported by the PRTB-33. For a long time, the ships "grazed" the American strike aircraft carrier Forrestal and were ready, upon receipt of an order, to immediately attack it with all Malachite missiles. In July-August 1978, RTOs "Thunder" and RTOs "Breeze * in support of" PRTB-13 * again carry BS in the Mediterranean Sea. In July-September 1979, this group is reinforced by the Zarnitsa RTOs, in April-July 1982, the Thunder is on the BS along with the Burya and PRTB-13 RTOs. The ships guard the coast of the SAR and successfully monitor the AUG of the aircraft carrier John F. Kennedy for 10 days. September 1, 1988 RTO "Grom" was put into reserve, mothballed and left in the sludge in b. Quarantine (Sevastopol). RTOs were listed as part of the 349th division of RTOs (together with the Groza and four missile boats - R-44, R-71, Krasnodar Komsomolets and Kuibyshevsky Komsomolets). RTOs were reactivated from June 1, 1991 and from January 1, 1993 they were transferred to the 166th division (in connection with the disbandment of the 349th division). The commander of the ship is captain 3rd rank A.A. Ghukasyan (in the spring of 1995, he transferred to the Zarnitsa RTO as commander). On May 24, 1995, due to significant wear and tear of the material part and the inability to finance repairs, the RTO "Thunder *" was excluded from the combat strength of the fleet and disarmed at the pier of the Kurina Wall in Sevastopol. At 12 o'clock on September 26, 1996, the MB-36 * sea tug took the Grom * hull to the future firing area of the fleet for use as a target. During the exercises, on September 27, the Grom* corps was fired upon by Termit cruise missiles fired by BRAV installations from Cape Khersones at 11-47, 12-10, 12-35, from RTOs and from the Admiral Golovko missile cruiser. After a direct missile hit the superstructure from the port side, the Thunder did not sink, but continued to drift into the sea. At the end of the exercises, two R-334 and R-109 missile boats approached the ship, which tried to flood the Grom RTO by firing all their artillery ammunition at close range. Only "R-334" fired 1500 shells from AK-630M artillery tanks, but "Thunder" stubbornly did not want to sink, although its superstructure was on fire. There were no shells left on the boats, and a fire boat arrived to help them, which managed to flood the hull of the burning RTO on the evening of October 1, 1996 with water from fire monitors. Known tail numbers: 361, 976, 608, 604, 607, 622.

The ship was laid down on the stock of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard on July 27, 1970 (stock number C-58). October 20, 1970 he was given the name "Zarnitsa". It was launched on April 28, 1973 and on July 1, 1973 the Naval ensign was raised. After completing state tests in Baltiysk, he was enlisted in the Navy by order of the Civil Code of the Navy No. 0063 dated October 26, 1973. At the same time, by order of the commander of the KChF No. 0055, he was included in the composition of the ships of the KChF - in the 166th Red Banner Novorossiysk division of the RTOs of the 41st brigade of the RCA (military unit 63872). The first commander of the ship was captain-lieutenant Parygin Albert Nikolaevich. RTOs were based in Sevastopol on the berths of the Kurina Wall in the Northern Bay. For the period from 1973 to 1997, the Zarnitsa RTO performed 24 missile firing and 7 combat services. The first combat service of Zarnitsa took place from June 10 to August 8, 1975, together with the Grom and PRTB-33 RTOs. The detachment made a business call to the port of Tartus of the Syrian Arab Republic from July 19 to 24, 1975. The second BS of the ship took place from June 2 to July 12, 1976, together with the RTO "Groza" and "PRTB-33" in the Mediterranean Sea. The ships monitored the USS America and her escort 100 miles southeast of the island of Cyprus. By order of the Civil Code of the Navy dated December 24, 1976, the best tactical KUG in the USSR Navy was announced as part of the RTOs "Storm" and "Zarnitsa" (group commander Captain 2nd Rank D.G. Prutskov). The third BS took place in July-August 1977, together with RTOs "Breeze" and "PRTB-13". In July-September 1979, Zarnitsa carries the fourth BS together with Thunder and Breeze in support of PRTB-13. The fifth BS of the ship proceeded in April-May 1981 together with Breeze and Zyb in support of PRTB-13, the sixth - in May-August 1983 together with Komsomolets Mordovia and PRTB-33. In May-July 1984, the same composition of the KUG carries the last BS in the Mediterranean Sea, practicing interaction with long-range naval aviation. In 1981, the tactical KUG as part of the Breeze and Zarnitsa RTOs was declared the best in missile training for a sea target and was awarded the challenge prize of the GKVMF (commander of the tactical group - commander of the 166th DMRK Captain 3rd rank M.D. Grechukhin). In 1984, a tactical group consisting of RTOs "Komsomolets of Mordovia" and "Zarnitsa" (group commander - commander of the 166th DMRC Captain 2nd Rank V.V. Sedenko) and a tactical group of the RKA consisting of two missile boats of project 206MR - "R-260 ” and “R-262” (group commander - commander of the 349th DRKA captain 2nd rank V.A. Tsekhanovsky) were declared the best in the Navy in missile firing at a sea target and were awarded challenge prizes of the Navy Civil Code. According to the results of 1988, the tactical group of RTOs (Zarnitsa and Mirage) was declared the best in missile firing in the Navy (group commander - Captain 2nd Rank V.M. Saprykin). Commander of Zarnitsa Captain 3rd Rank Yu.I. Parkhomchuk received gratitude and was awarded a diploma, and the commander of the BC-5, Senior Lieutenant Yu.M. Klyuchenko was thanked. The sailors of Zarnitsa retained their high skill even after the collapse of the USSR. The tactical group of the 166th division as part of the Mirage and Zarnitsa RTOs (group commander - division commander captain 2nd rank A.B. Surov) was declared the best in the Navy in missile firing at a sea target and was awarded on September 24, 1993 with the challenge prize of the Civil Code of the Navy RF. On September 22, 1994, the tactical group "captain 2nd rank A.B. Surov as part of the Shtil and Zarnitsa RTOs again repeated the achieved high result. Until March 2002, the commander of the ships captain 3 (2) rank Artush was on the Zarnitsa bridge Arminakovich Ghukasyan. The ship almost every year participates in the celebration of the Day of the Russian Navy. Thus, on July 28, 1996, the Zarnitsa RTO performed demonstrative firing from passive jamming installations in front of the stands. On April 16-17, 1998, the RTO tactical group as part of the Bora RKVP, RTO " Calm" and "Zarnitsa" took part in the gathering of ships and formations of the Black Sea Fleet. Rocket firing was carried out at a difficult target position for the prize of the Civil Code of the Navy of the Russian Federation. KUG (commander - captain 2nd rank Kovalevsky A.G.) was declared the best in the Navy in terms of rocket firing at a sea target and was awarded the challenge prize of the Navy Civil Code.The Zarnitsa RTO successfully participates in the spring training campaign in 1999 and 2000. In November 2003, the Zarnitsa crew found chiefs in the person of the Krasnodar Territory.The commander of the RTO is Captain 3rd Rank O. A. Semenov signed an agreement on military patronage cooperation with the administration of the Krylovsky district of the Krasnodar Territory. Then the RTOs are put into reserve due to the wear and tear of the hull and lack of funds for repairs. The ship settles at the pier of the Kurina Wall and in 2004 is transferred under tugboats to settle in Karantinnaya Bay. Here it is slowly dismantled, and in the spring of 2005, officially expelled from the Navy. Weapons and equipment are being dismantled from RTOs, in September 2005 the Zarnitsa hull is transferred to the Kurina Wall berth for final dismantling, and in early November 2005 it is taken to Streletskaya Bay for subsequent disassembly for scrap metal. Known tail numbers: 363, 973, 972, 606, 607, 621.

RTO "Lightning"

The ship with the serial number S-59 was laid down at the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard on September 30, 1971 and on March 28, 1972 was included in the lists of the Navy ships under the name "Lightning". , and on February 7, 1974, the ship was included in the DCBF under the command of Lieutenant Commander A.V. Bobrakov. By the end of 1974, MRK Molniya became the first excellent ship in its class (since the fall of 1974, the ship has been commanded by Captain 3rd Rank Viktor Polischanov). Since January 1974, the RTOs "Lightning", "Volna" and "Grad" arrived at a new place of their permanent base - in the Winter Harbor of the port of Liepaja. In 1983 and 1985, the Molniya RTO won the prize of the USSR Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG). Passed an average repair from October 21, 1987 to March 4, 1988 at SRZ-177 in Ust-Dvinsk near Riga. On July 26, 1992, he raised the Andreevsky flag. The ship was part of the 106th division of the RTOs (military unit 72127) of the 76th brigade of the DBK (military unit 31062) and was based on Liepaja along with the RTOs "Grad", "Storm", "Passat", "Rainbow" and " Swell". After the withdrawal of the Baltic Fleet from the Baltic States, the ships of the division moved to Baltiysk and were transferred to the 36th Red Banner Order of Nakhimov, 1st degree, RCA Brigade (military unit 20963) of the 12th Missile Ship Division (military unit 81348). RTO "Lightning" (tail number 595) was excluded from the Navy and dismantled for scrap. Known tail numbers: 558, 595.

Enrolled in the lists of ships of the USSR Navy on March 28, 1972 and laid down on May 17 (factory No. S-60) on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard. The hull of the RTO Shkval was launched on December 28, 1973, and on June 14, 1974, the ship entered service (commander Lieutenant Commander Nikolai Vasilyevich Butochnikov). On July 16, Shkval was included in the 106th division of the RTOs of the DKBF / Directive of the General Staff of the USSR Navy dated March 12, 1974, the 106th division of small missile ships was formed (RTOs "Volna", "Lightning", "Grad" and "Shkval ". The division became part of the 76th brigade of destroyers of the 12th division of the RKB. The first commander of the 106th division was captain 3rd rank G.V. Cherokov, and the NS division - captain 3rd rank A.V. Bobrakov). delivery and preparation for the transition to other fleets of another 12 RTOs. In November 1975, RTOs intercepted the rebellious Storozhevoy TFR, and in November 1981 participated in the operation to free a Soviet diesel submarine that had run aground at the entrance to the Swedish naval base Karlskrona. In 1978, the Shkval RTO won the prize of the USSR Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG). Passed a medium repair at SRZ-177 in Ust-Dvinsk from September 26, 1978 to February 22, 1980 and from December 12, 1984 to July 18, 1985. Decommissioned from the fleet on October 1, 1988 and mothballed in Liepaja. After the collapse of the USSR, it was withdrawn to Baltiysk, but was not commissioned, although it managed to change the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky on July 26, 1992. In April 1994, the RTO was still in conservation along with the same type "Grad" and "Rainbow". Later it was dismantled for metal. Known tail numbers: 551, 567, 565.

The hull of the eleventh RTO of the first series, which received the name Zarya (serial number S-61), was laid down at the Leningrad Primorsky Plant on October 18, 1972 and on June 4, 1973 was added to the lists of ships of the USSR Navy. The ship was launched on May 18, 1974, entered service on September 28, 1974, and transferred through the White Sea-Baltic Canal to the North, where it was included in the KSF. In 1982, he won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG). Withdrawn from the fleet on September 11, 1986, mothballed and laid up in Dolgaya Zapadnaya Bay (Granitny village). On August 10, 1988, he was transferred to the Saida Bay (Gadzhiyevo Naval Base), where on July 26, 1992 he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky. Excluded from the Russian Navy 5 The lead ship of project 1234 "Gadfly", was laid down on September 22, 1973 at the slipway of the Vladivostok Shipyard. Enrolled in the lists of ships of the USSR Navy on June 4, 1973. The Cyclone (serial number S-1001) was launched on May 24, 1977 on 5.12.77. the Naval flag was raised on the ship. This day became the birthday of the ship and was celebrated annually as a holiday. On December 31, 1977, the ship entered service, and on February 17, 1978, it was included in the KTOF under the command of Captain 3rd Rank Grigory Alekseevich Yuryev. From 1.10.78 the ship was part of 192 DN RTOs of the 165th Red Banner Missile Boat Brigade of the Primorsky Flotilla, stationed in Ulysses Bay, Vladivostok. The crew of the ship in 1979, for the first time in the Pacific Fleet, fired the main missile system at the maximum range. Between June 27, 1985 to 15.07.86 as part of the 119th brigade of the 7th OPESK, he served in the Cam Ranh naval base. From July 4, 1987, the RTO was part of the Kamchatka flotilla of diverse forces (created on December 1, 1945) in the 66th division of the RTO. On July 26, 1992, the Andreevsky flag was raised on the ship. It was expelled from the Navy on January 17, 1995 and transferred to SARS for disarmament, dismantling and sale. It was disbanded on June 1, 1995 and laid up in the bay of Bogorodskoye Lake (Petro-Pavlovsk-Kamchatsky). Here the ship was plundered by hunters for non-ferrous metal, who removed the bottom-outboard fittings and sank at the pier. Raised in 1998 by the forces of the Pacific Fleet UPASR and towed to the water area of SRZ-49 (Seldevaya Bay, Vilyuchinsk), where it was prepared for towing to India for dismantling for metal. Known tail numbers: 430.412, 438.925

The commanders of the RTO "Zarya":

captain 3rd rank Grigory Alekseevich Yuryev 1976-1982 senior lieutenant Yuri Ivanovich Korobko 1990-1993 lieutenant commander Alexei Alekseevich Rybalochka 1982-1983 senior lieutenant Igor Anatolyevich Sabadakha 1993-199 lieutenant commander Sergei Anatolyevich Chernov 1983-1990

RTO "Typhoon"

The hull of the second RTO built in the Far East was laid down in Vladivostok on May 10, 1977, and on June 5 it was added to the lists of ships of the USSR Navy. The Typhoon (serial number S-1002) was launched on August 14, 1979, and on December 30, the ship entered service, and on January 12, 1980, it was included in the KTOF. Since December 1979 to April 1984 the ship was part of the 165th Brka of the KTOF Primorsky Flotilla and was located in Bolshoi Uliss Bay, Vladivostok. On April 9, 1984, it was reassigned to the KamFlRS KTOF. "Typhoon" was the first small missile ship in the 66th (separate since 1990) battalion of the RTO, which was included from 29.07. 84 to 1.12.1995 RTO "Typhoon" was the only ship
project 1234 from the 66DN RTOs, performing the tasks of the BS (06/10/85 - 05/27/86) in the South China Sea and part of the 10 OPESK. On July 26, 1992, the Andreevsky flag was raised on the ship. Due to the poor technical condition and the impossibility of further use for its intended purpose, the ship was expelled on August 4, 1995 from the Russian Navy and handed over for disarmament in the ARVI fleet. It was disbanded on September 1, 1995 and in 1998 was dismantled for metal in the water area of SRZ-49 (Seldevaya Bay, Vilyuchinsk). Known tail numbers: 994,427,400.

The commanders of the RTO "Typhoon":

Cap.-lt. Alexander Stanislavovich Sobolevsky 1979-1982 cap.-lt. Igor Vyacheslavovich Berezovsky 1986-1988 Cap.-lt. 3rd rank Pavel Maksimovich Chuchulin 1984-1985 cap.-l-t Sergei Ivanovich Kuznetsov 1994-1995 cap. 3rd rank Alexander Pavlovich Kuzmin 1985-1986

The third ship of project 1234, built by the Vladivostok Shipyard and part of the KTOF. RTO "Musson" was part of 192 DN 165 BrRKA of the Primorsky flotilla of the PC. Since 1982, it has been the leading ship of the formation, the right-flank of the socialist competition. RTOs traveled more than one thousand miles, performed five missile firings "excellently". In 1985, the commander of the Monsoon, Lieutenant Commander S. Kashuba, organized a competition among the ship's officers for the right to be called the best specialist of the unit, and this title was won by the navigator of the RTO, Senior Lieutenant V. Chichin, and the BCh-1 was recognized as the best in the division. The ship in 1984 had tail number 401, in 1987 - 414 and was supposed to take part in the fleet's spring exercises.

The death of RTO "Monsoon"

On April 16, 1987, the Monsoon, while at a naval exercise, was hit by an RM-15M training target missile launched from an R-42 missile boat from a distance of 21 km (the target missile could not be repelled by the ship’s self-defense means). The rocket pierced the left side of the Monsoon superstructure in the area of the radio room; fuel and oxidizer, having mixed during the destruction of the rocket, ignited.
The fire quickly engulfed the ship (which was facilitated by the use of an aluminum-magnesium alloy in the design of the ship); fire extinguishing systems failed, the ship was de-energized, intra-ship communication was lost. The struggle for the survivability of the ship continued from 18:43 until midnight, when, having completely burned out, she lost her buoyancy and sank at a depth of 2900 m, 33 nautical miles south of about. Askold.
As a result of the disaster, 39 crew members died, another 37 people were saved.

The ship was laid down on February 19, 1973 in Leningrad (serial number S-62) and entered into the lists of the Navy ships on June 4, 1973. The launching took place on August 10, 1974, and the Metel RTO was transferred via inland waterways to the White Sea to undergo state acceptance tests. It entered service on December 8, 1974 and since January 23, 1975 it has been included in the KSF. In 1982, he won the prize of the State Committee of the Navy of the SSSP for missile training (as part of the KUG). Passed an average repair from September 28, 1990 to August 27, 1992 at SRZ-82 in the village of Roslyakovo.
On March 16, 1998, it was expelled from the Navy, handed over to the ARVI Northern Fleet for disarmament, dismantling and sale, and on May 1, 1998 it was disbanded. Known tail number - 923 (1977), 534 (1979), 542

RTO "Storm"

Enlisted in the lists of ships of the USSR Navy on June 4, 1973, and on October 20, it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard. Launched on March 3, 1975, commissioned on June 15, 1975. Manned by the Black Sea crew and originally intended for service at the KChF, but on July 21 it was included in the DCBF. He won the prize of the Civil Code of the Navy for missile training (as part of the KUG) in 1983,1985 and 1987. Raising the Andreevsky flag - July 26, 1992. On March 3, 1993, he got up to conduct overhaul to the berth SRZ-ZZ in Baltiysk, but never completed it due to lack of funding. Excluded on March 16, 1998 from the Russian Navy and transferred to the ARVI BF for disarmament, dismantling and sale, and on May 1, 1998 - disbanded. Purchased by ZAO Litan for scrap metal. Known tail numbers: 902,577.

In the lists of the ships of the Navy of the USSR, the RTO, which received the name "Rainbow" (serial number S-64), was enrolled on June 4, 1973 and on January 16, 1974 was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard. Launched on June 20, 1975, commissioned on December 1, and on December 26, 1975 included in the DCBF under the command of Captain 3rd Rank Vyacheslav Georgievich Kharybin. In November 1981, the Raduga RTO took part in securing the passage of a Soviet submarine refloated off the Swedish naval base Karlskrona. Three times he won the prize of the Civil Code of the Navy of the USSR for missile training (as part of the KUG) - in 1983,1985 and 1987. Passed a medium repair at SRZ-ZZ in Baltiysk from October 11, 1991 to October 1, 1993. Raising the Andreevsky flag - July 26, 1992. Excluded from the Navy on July 5, 1994 and transferred to SARS for disarmament, dismantling and sale. Disbanded on December 1, 1994. Known tail numbers: 565, 597, 564,582

Built within the framework of project 1234, code "Gadfly". Launched on May 24, 1977, and entered service on December 31, 1977, and already on February 17, 1978. became part of the Red Banner Pacific Fleet (KTOF).
From May 1985 to May 1986 Together with the RTO "Typhoon" - BS to Vietnam, South China Sea, Cam Ranh Bay. 07/26/1992 changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.
Board numbers: 430, 438, 425 (1984), 435 (1985), 412 (05.1987), 444 (05.1990). Decommissioned: 1995