If there are manufacturers who do not produce digital technology,
then they did not have long to claim the role of producers ...
Harry Siikala, Canon.
Digital camera
A digital camera is a camera that uses electronic means image fixation - various types photosensitive sensors - with subsequent digitization and software processing of the information received.
Were they developed at KMZ digital cameras?
The question of the desirability of starting the development of digital consumer photographic equipment was raised from the very beginning, and quite regularly - from the mid-nineties of the XX century, but in the absence of serious support, as a rule, things did not go further than plans.
From year to year, the plans included two alleged "projects": ZENIT-DS And ZENIT-DC:
ZENIT-DS
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ZENIT-DS pavilion, by design, was a digital photographic installation of a "high" resolution of a stationary type (complete with a personal computer, DS = Digital Stationary) - actually a video camera with a system for digitizing and inputting an image into a computer. In 1993, one Zelenograd enterprise, commissioned by the department of photographic equipment of the STC KMZ, developed a pilot laboratory sample of a black-and-white image camera DS, which is a matrix with a lens, a test image processing system on a Z80 microprocessor (Zilog) in a separate housing with a stationary power supply and an interface to personal computer. The imaging program worked in operating system MS DOS, used its own uncompressed graphics file format. After the transfer of the laboratory sample to the STC, there was no further substantive development of this topic. |
A.E. Yudin is the head of the electronics laboratory of the photographic department of the NTC KMZ. |
ZENIT-DS was always planned first, because it was clear that even if, despite all the difficulties, something could be created, then this “something”, based on a purely domestic element base, would be cumbersome enough for wearable use. Therefore, ZENIT-DS was actually planned as a test model for subsequent work on reducing the constructive structure as part of another task - creating a compact ZENIT-DC.
ZENIT-DC
ZENIT-DC electron, by design, was a digital compact camera (DC = Digital Compact), with a not very clear appearance, the concretization of which was postponed for an indefinite future. Planned, pretty general plan The characteristics of the devices have been constantly changing from year to year, trying to track the rapid development of this type of technology in the world.
By the end of the 1990s, it became completely clear that the purely domestic production of digital photographic equipment, due to the collapse electronic industry Russia is no longer possible, just as it is pointless to continue to expect assistance from the State (for R&D projects DS and DC government bodies for a long time promised to provide funding). The way out of this situation was now seen only in cooperation with foreign firms and only on a mutually beneficial basis, because. financial opportunities there was no purchase of licenses and technologies from the enterprise (not to mention the fact that the sale of such technologies Russian manufacturer was practically unreal, see).
Projects in the early 2000s
| Since December 2002, the Scientific and Technical Center has been working on the creation of lens blocks for digital cameras(block - a lens with drives: aperture, focus and zoom) in cooperation with Bulgarian electronics developers, which ended in early 2004. Two blocks were created: for matrices on and MP. The blocks were exhibited at Photokina-2004. On the basis of these components, it was planned, with the addition of the electronic filling obtained through cooperation, the creation of two digital compact cameras. Their last proposed names were: "Zenith-603" (603DF) and "Zenith-605" (605DF). |
 Zenit-605, design project |
| The last project that was developed in the department of photographic equipment of the Scientific and Technical Center until November 2004 was a digital reflex camera, called "ZENIT-408" (ZENIT-408DF or 408DC). Structurally based on serial film cameras 12th line with curtain shutter, he was supposed to carry 8 MP full size (24×36 mm) a composite matrix of foreign production. The attachment of the M42 × 1 / 45.5 lens made it possible to use the entire mass of threaded interchangeable optics and accessories accumulated by amateur photographers. reflex cameras giving it new life. |
If on your graduation party there were no newfangled digital cameras, Year of release: 1969-1983 Year of release: 1976-1986
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FS-3
A year has passed since Rover Computers announced the start of production of Russian digital cameras under the brand name RoverShot. The first Russian digital camera was the RoverShot RS-2100 model. And now the line has been updated - the RoverShot RS-2120, RoverShot RS-3320AF and RoverShot RS-3110Z models designed for different consumer and price ranges have been released. A digital camera, especially an entry-level one, has now ceased to be an expensive device. If earlier the main factor restraining the user from purchasing a digital camera was price barrier, which fluctuated around $ 300 for the entry-level model, now things are much better. Manufacturers strive to make their products more accessible and mass-produced, which ultimately means that the price of the product is acceptable to users. True, we emphasize that the desire of manufacturers to reduce the cost of digital cameras leads to the use of "small" matrices in them, with which lenses can be used more simply. However, when using a simpler lens, not enough light falls on the matrix, so it is almost impossible to shoot with such cameras in poor lighting conditions without a flash. Of course, models of digital cameras in this segment have their advantages, first of all, of course, these are small sizes, ease of use and spectacular design. It is about such cameras that will be discussed in this article. So, let's proceed to the description of Russian new products from Rover Computers (tab. 1) RoverShot RS-2120The RoverShot RS-2120 camera belongs to the initial amateur type, as its manufacturer honestly declares, that is, it is intended for those who are just starting to engage in digital photography. The model has a CCD-matrix with 2.11 million pixels, which allows you to take pictures with a resolution of up to 1600X1200. Fixed focus and auto exposure allow you to get acceptable quality pictures without the need to manually adjust the camera. Of course, a camera with a two-megapixel matrix, a simple lens and low sensitivity will not be able to satisfy the needs of experienced amateur photographers, but we emphasize once again that this model is not designed for them. The design of the camera is made in silver-black tones quite familiar to digital cameras. Although the design features that are characteristic of ordinary film “soap dishes” slip through, it is immediately clear that this is a digital camera, mainly due to its compact size. The camera does not have an optical zoom, although at first glance it may seem that it is because of the metal-like plastic ring around the lens. On the back of the camera are the LCD and camera control keys: four buttons and a four-position pointer. The camera's LCD is a viewfinder by default, but can be turned off to conserve battery life. All camera connection interfaces are located on the side, under a rubber plug. On the front side, in addition to the lens, there is a viewing window, a flash, a microphone, a built-in timer lamp and an exposure sensor. Focus selection (normal/macro) is done manually using a slide selector on the side of the camera. At the bottom of the camera is a tripod mount, a battery compartment, which also houses a memory card slot. On the upper side of the camera there is a round toggle switch that switches four camera modes: photography with auto focus and light balance adjustment, photography with auto focus and manual light balance adjustment, video recording, viewing captured frames and video images. Navigation through the menu is carried out using a four-way key. The menu offers functions such as change the resolution (only two resolutions are available), change the photo quality (two views only), set the photo shooting mode, delete one or all files from both the memory card and internal flash memory, digital zoom adjustment , and turn the flash on/off. Some menu functions flash on/off, red-eye and burst mode on/off, and digital zoom control are not only available through menu items they can also be activated or deactivated using the four-position pointer. Now let's switch the camera to playback mode and get acquainted with the viewing options. The four-position pointer allows you to manually scroll through the frames and video clips in the camera's memory. For quick search desired pictures when viewing already captured frames, there is a thumbnails mode (thumbnails). Especially valuable frames can be protected from accidental erasure by setting the appropriate attribute on them. When working with footage, the camera provides the functions of deleting all or some frames, viewing pictures in slideshow mode (5 or 10 s delay), it is also possible to transfer the contents of the camera's memory to a memory card. The camera is compatible with EPSON's PRINT Image Matching technology, which prints photos based on the color settings and image settings of the photo. A noticeable minus when working with the RS-2120 camera is the not very good location of the lens, which is very close to the edge of the camera: when you take the camera in your hands, your fingers just fall on the lens and close it. In conclusion, we emphasize that, despite the modesty of the options provided by the camera, the photos are of acceptable quality, and even with a resolution of 1600X1200, which, you see, is not so bad for an amateur. RoverShot RS-3320AFThe RoverShot RS-3320AF model may be of interest not only to beginners in the field of digital photography, but also to advanced users. It has a matrix with 3.3 million pixels (approximately 3.1 million working) and allows you to take pictures with high resolution, up to 2048X1536. Auto focus, auto exposure in 1/3 increments, and smooth digital zoom up to 3x allow you to take great pictures in any conditions. The camera already has more attractive features than the previous model, except that the presence of an optical zoom would make it even more versatile. In RoverShot RS-3320AF, not two resolutions are now available, but four: 2048S1536, 1600S1200, 1024S768, 640S480, and instead of two parameters of the photo quality type, three are provided. This allows the camera to be used for a wider range of tasks. The design of the camera has also undergone changes, but minor ones. Undoubtedly, he has become even better. Now the battery compartment protrudes more on the right side of the camera, which immediately gives the camera more stability, it has become more comfortable to hold in your hand when shooting. On the front side, this compartment is covered with an anti-slip coating. In all other respects the camera is identical to the RS-2120 model, with all the ensuing consequences. The minus noticed when working with the younger model is also typical for this camera - the unfortunate location of the lens very close to the edge of the camera leads to involuntary closing of the lens with your fingers. The menu in the RoverShot RS-3320AF is the same as in the above model. This is still the same circular toggle switch located on top of the camera and allowing you to select its operating modes; four-position multifunction pointer and four keys. RoverShot RS-3110ZThe RoverShot RS-3310Z digital camera is also aimed at advanced users who want to not only achieve the highest quality images, but also bring an element of creativity to digital photography. A matrix with 3.4 million pixels (approximately 3.1 million workers) allows you to take pictures with a resolution of up to 2048X1536. Exposure, focus, shutter speed can be adjusted both automatically and manually. Sensitivity is selected automatically by the camera, which provides the best color reproduction. Digital and optical zoom options allow you to achieve the perfect picture composition. The design of the RoverShot RS-3110Z is significantly different from previous models. It is made in a stylish black case, much more spectacular. The camera lens is located almost in the center, that is, the drawback we noticed in other models has been eliminated. Now you can safely shoot with two hands, without fear of accidentally blocking the lens. The camera has a 3x optical zoom and digital zoom, which is activated after the maximum optical position. On the display, switching zooms is depicted as a slider with a partition. First, the pointer runs up the slider to a horizontal mark, symbolizing the limit of optical zoom, and then the digital zoom part follows. Since the camera is equipped optical zoom, the objective lens is now effectively closed by protective shutters when the camera is turned off. Camera control has also undergone significant changes and has become even more convenient: there are four multifunction buttons on the back side of the display to the left, and five control buttons on the right side. The menu structure of the RS-3110Z has changed somewhat from previous models. Now, in auto and manual focus modes, by pressing the Menu button, you only need to select the resolution and quality of shooting - the rest of the menu items have been replaced by four multifunction keys. Settings such as memory formatting, time, auto power off, sound, video system, language are placed on a circular toggle switch located on the top side of the camera. On the circular toggle switch, these functions correspond to its fifth position, which is absent in the RS-2120 and RS-3130AF models. When working with the camera, I liked the more rigid fastening of the cover that closes the compartment for batteries and memory cards, which makes the user's actions more confident, and the camera gives additional reliability. Communication of all three cameras with a computer is carried out via a USB interface, which provides not only their “hot” connection, but also fast file upload, copying of received photographs and videos to a computer. When connected to a computer, the cameras are also powered via the USB interface. Installing the software does not cause any complaints. After connecting the camera to a computer, it almost immediately detects additional media. The resulting frames can be rewritten using any file manager, and the camera will carefully arrange photos and video clips into separate folders, so the user does not have to deal with sorting them. All cameras allow not only to take pictures, but also to record video files of very good quality. All three cameras can use 16 MB (8 MB for RS-2120) of built-in memory or optional Secure Digital (SD)/MultiMediaCard to store pictures and movies. Each camera is supplied with a standard set of components, consisting of two AA batteries, instructions in Russian, a disk with drivers and software, a TV IN video cable, a USB cable, a strap and a case for the camera. In conclusion, we will give recommendations to potential users. If you decide to try your hand at digital photography without spending too much money on it, then you need the RoverShot RS-2120 camera. If you want to get exactly the same quality photos, but with a slightly higher resolution, then it is better to pay a little extra and purchase a three-megapixel RS-3320AF camera. And if you want to save a lot on professional camera, then the RS-3310Z will suit you. It's 2018, and the first digital camera has finally been born. Russian production, under the well-known brand name "Zenith M" since Soviet times! The Zenit M rangefinder camera is equipped with a 1/35 Zenitar kit lens. Digital camera Zenith M. Russian-made full-frame mirrorless camera Those who follow the development of domestic optics for cameras know that at the Krasnogorsk plant named after. S. A. Zvereva (KMZ), a number of manual lenses with various mounts are produced, designed for installation on foreign-made digital cameras. But the plant has not yet produced digital cameras (carcasses). However, this time Russian engineers have independently developed only a lens with a focal length of 35mm and aperture of f / 1.0 !!! The filling of the camera itself is the Russified German Leica M (Type 240) not the first freshness. On the cam, peeking out from behind the bayonet and a two-tone reflection additional lens you can understand that we have a rangefinder camera in front of us. It was these rangefinders that were used in the middle of the last century, but with the advent of digital technology, they have lost their relevance. The presence of a rangefinder supports the theory that the camera was created primarily as a museum piece, for collectors with money. After all, even with a manual lens, you can “catch” the distance using electronic sensors or focus on the screen image yourself, it’s not for nothing that so many penny adapters are sold in China to connect Soviet Helios - Industars with digital Nikons - Canons. Digital camera Zenit M. Full-frame mirrorless camera made in Russia in 2019In Europe, the camera will start selling in December 2018, in Russia - from January 2019 in a limited list of photo stores. Features of the Zenit M camera
Characteristics whale lens Zenitar 35mm f/1.0
Pros of Zenith M:
Disadvantages of Zenit M:
As a result, you can get fantastic pictures for a fantastic price. In general, the owner of the camera must be: rich - to buy, strong - to carry and, if necessary, fight back, and of course, experienced in photography, to shoot in the open, on the manual, without missing. JSC "Krasnogorsk plant named after. S.A. Zvereva presented an observation device with gyroscopic stabilization and digital image recording "Zenith CFR" designed to observe and photograph distant objects in daytime in non-standard conditions (shaking, pitching). The product has a built-in gyroscopic image stabilization system for observing from moving objects (car, helicopter, yacht, etc.) Possibility of separate inclusion of stabilization and digital channel, which allows to increase the operating time of the device by 2 times in the case when it is required to perform only observation without photo-fixation or photo-fixation without stabilization (for example, when working with a tripod); Removable "thermal filter" - a light filter that cuts off IR radiation to ensure correct color reproduction during daytime shooting, when the IR filter is removed, the product is sensitive to IR radiation with a wavelength of 1 micron; - waterproof case, able to withstand the effects of precipitation (IP-66); Standard mini-USB connector, which will allow you to quickly transfer information to an external PC; - the ability to connect an external battery that allows you to hot-swap installed batteries without turning off the device; The presence of a standard tripod nut that allows you to install the device on a tripod; - the ability to estimate the distance to the object using the complete software, based on approximate ideas about the size of individual elements; Russian-speaking software, which allows you to perform all the necessary operations for working with digital images: saving, viewing, processing, printing (including printing color proofs directly from the program). Specifications: Magnification: 16x Electronic zoom: 8x Field of view: 3°. Digital camera. Lens Focus: 220mm. Lens focusing range: from 50 m. Relative aperture: constant, 1:8. Photosensitive element: (CMOS) 5 million pixels. Shutter speed range: AUTO mode, 1/15-1/1000. Resolution: not less than 80 lines/mm. White balance: automatic. Shutter: electromechanical. Image saving format: JPEG, DNG. Memory: flash card (SD). OLED screen: 2.4″. Computer connection: USB. Pan speed: 3 deg/s Power supply: 7.4 V (AA batteries). Power consumption (with enabled digital channel and stabilization): 0.6 A. Time of continuous operation from one set of batteries: at least 3 hours. Operating temperature range: from -10°С to +40°С. ZENIT N1(2008)  ZENIT 444 DX System (2009)  Matrix Total number of pixels - 5.7 million Number of effective pixels - 5.5 million Physical size — 22.2×14.8 mm Crop factor - 1.7 Maximum resolution - 3008×2000 Color depth - 36 bit Sensitivity - 200 - 1250 ISO Viewfinder and LCD screen. Focusing Autofocus light - yes Manual focus - yes Batteries format own White balance - automatic, manual, list, bracketing Flash - shoe, sync contact, bracketing Support for interchangeable lenses ZENIT and Nikkor DX Shutter speed - 30 - 1/4000 s Shutter speed - X-Sync 1/200 s Manual shutter speed and aperture - yes Shutter-priority AE, Aperture-priority AE Exposure compensation +/- 2 EV in 1/3 steps Memory card type - CompactFlash Image formats 2 JPEG, RAW
2023 |
