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Kislitsyna I.A. MBOU secondary school No. 11 Berezniki BUT E R B R O D Y
Objectives: To introduce the history of the emergence of sandwiches To systematize knowledge about the types of sandwiches. Determination of the quality of finished sandwiches
A bit of history The sandwich was invented in 1553. Its inventor is not anyone, but Nicolaus Copernicus. Strange as it may seem, it was invented in medical purposes. During an epidemic of an unknown disease, Copernicus noticed that only those who ate bread were sick. Copernicus found out that during the siege, the defenders often dropped their piece of bread on the floor, picked it up, shook off the garbage and ... ate it. Dirt was not visible on the surface of the bread, and Copernicus came up with the idea that the bread should be smeared with butter, it is easier to determine the contamination on it. If contamination was visible, it was cleaned along with the oil. The disease receded after a while, and humanity received a sandwich.
Sandwiches Sandwiches are cold dishes. They can be served for breakfast, afternoon tea, dinner - for tea, coffee, etc. They are indispensable on a hike, on a picnic, on an excursion.
Bread occupies the main place in human nutrition. The main product for making sandwiches is rye and wheat bread. For sandwiches with spicy or fatty foods, it is better to use rye bread. Sandwiches with sausage, cheese, dairy and sweet products are usually prepared on wheat bread. Bread
Shape of sandwiches Sandwiches can be of various shapes: round, square, in the form of rhombuses, flowers, and so on, for this you can use cookie cutters. From the remnants of bread, you can cook delicious crackers, unbaked confectionery.
According to the method of preparation, sandwiches are divided into cold and hot sandwiches open closed canapes simple complex B u ter b u ter bro d o in snack bars Canape Tartinki Rolls Sandwich Cheeseburger Hamburger Hot dog Sandwich cakes
Open Sandwiches Open Sandwiches Simple Complex Simple open sandwiches are prepared with one slice of bread and one product. complex open sandwiches are made with one slice of bread and several products.
Closed sandwiches Closed sandwiches are prepared with two or more slices of bread between which there is a product. Such sandwiches are prepared only with solid foods.
Snack sandwiches (canapes) Canapes are small sandwiches 3x3cm in size. Bread and products for canapés are cut into different shapes with a sharp knife or cookie cutters, selected according to color and taste, and then chipped off with sticks or special skewers.
Hot sandwiches When making hot sandwiches, the bread is toasted, or you can use savory shortcrust pastry instead of bread. Hot sandwiches can be microwaved or baked in the oven.
Sandwiches - rolls Roll with meat, sausage and vegetables: (picture above) METHOD OF PREPARING THE RECIPE: Cut off the ends of the loaf, remove the crumb. Finely chop smoked meats, cheese, eggs, peppers and tomatoes. Rub the oil with horseradish, mustard and combine with chopped foods, salt. If desired, add the crumb of a loaf, cut into cubes. Fill the loaf with the resulting mixture and refrigerate so that the filling hardens. Cut into slices before serving.
How sandwiches are served Sandwiches are served on a plate, placing them in one row. Small canapes are pierced with fork-skewers, with which they take a sandwich.
Requirements for the quality of finished sandwiches sandwiches must be prepared immediately before serving; products included in sandwiches must be fresh; thickness of bread for open sandwiches - 1 - 1.5 cm, for canapes and closed sandwiches - 0.5 cm; food should completely cover the sandwich, but not hang from it.
Sandwich recipe Crackers with smoked mackerel paste Products: crackers - 20 pcs. smoked mackerel fillet - 200g, butter-200g, grated zest of 1 lemon, pitted olives - 5 pcs., herbs, ground pepper. Preparation: finely chop the mackerel fillet or pass through a meat grinder
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Making sandwiches
Who Invented Sandwiches? The first sandwich in history was created by the Jews. It consisted of matzah, maror, charoset and horseradish and replaced the Passover sacrifice. A hoax is spread claiming that Nicolaus Copernicus invented the sandwich in April 1520. It allegedly happened during the siege of the Olsztyn castle, commandant of which was Copernicus, by the knights of the Teutonic Order. An epidemic broke out in the castle, and according to the observation of Copernicus, those who ate bread were sick. Copernicus suggested that bread becomes infected when it comes into contact with foreign objects, especially the floor. Then he proposed to spread butter on bread, on which, after an unsuccessful fall on the floor, it was easy to notice the dirt. With this method, Copernicus allegedly defeated the epidemic
The meaning of sandwiches A sandwich (German: Butterbrot - bread with butter) is a dish that is a slice of bread, on which additional food products(and not necessarily oil). Exists great amount types of sandwiches - from classic ones with butter, sausage or cheese to multi-layered creations from various types of meat, vegetables, herbs and gourmet sauces. A sandwich differs from a sandwich in that it contains only one piece of bread (while in a sandwich, the filling is sandwiched between two pieces of bread). Sandwiches are widely used as they are quick to prepare and easy to carry.
Open sandwiches OPEN SANDWICHES - can be simple when one product is used, and complex when several types of products are used. Slightly stale bread (rye, white, crispbread) is smeared with various oils, pastes, etc. Various products are placed on top: meat, pickles, etc. And also for sprinkling, you can use parsley and dill. Types of sandwiches
Closed sandwiches Closed sandwiches (sandwich sandwich). This sandwich requires two slices of bread. Slices of bread are buttered. The filling is placed on one of them, it can be: tomatoes, lettuce, boiled poultry meat, sausage, boiled egg, etc. The sandwich is topped with a second slice of bread. All this is chopped off with a special stick or a fork-skewer, from the top they are decorated with slices of radish, cucumber, parsley, tomato slices.
C sandwich C sandwich was named after John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich (1718-1792), London minister and gambler, who is said to have invented it in 1762. During the game of cribbage, which had been going on for several hours, he did not find time to eat. John Montagu ordered from a servant that he be served food between two slices of bread. His gamer friends liked this way of eating on the go and ordered "sandwich" bread too. According to another version, the same Earl of Sandwich loved to hunt. And so his servant, so that the count would be comfortable during a long hunt, came up with the idea of \u200b\u200bputting the filling between slices of bread.
Snack sandwiches SNACKS (CANAPES) are small sandwiches 3x3 cm in size. Canapes can be prepared from various products: butter, hard-boiled eggs, cheese, feta cheese, processed cheese, herring vegetables. Also, for canapes, they cut thin slices with a sharp knife, cut out all kinds of small figures and fry the bread until golden brown. Bread can be toasted in a pan, oven or toaster. The products are cut into thin slices and a side dish is selected according to taste and color. Sandwiches are served on saucers or in vases, arranged in one layer. Small canapes are pierced with forks - skewers, with which they take a sandwich. If the sandwiches are larger, you can take them with your hands.
Canape sandwiches (fr. canapé) - tiny sandwiches weighing 60-80 g, ~ 0.5 cm thick - sandwiches made from toast, cut into various and edible bases (fish, meat, cheese), put on skewers that can be sent to the mouth as a whole, without taking a bite. Initially, skewers began to be used rather not because of the desire to decorate the dish, but because of the convenience of serving. Since most often slices of toasted bread were covered with a layer of pate, the skewer allowed you to eat a treat without getting your fingers dirty. Canape is a festive treat, most often a buffet.
creative sandwiches
Cooking sandwiches This is a variant of hot sandwiches that you can make in the morning and please your loved ones :)
1. Long loaf 2. Butter 3. Canned pineapples 4. Cheese that you like best (I have "Gouda") Everything is done
Everything is done very simply: Cut the loaf and spread the slices with butter
Put canned pineapples on top. If you do not like pineapples, then you can replace them with apples, it also turns out delicious. Sprinkle grated cheese on top. We send our sandwiches to the oven for 10 minutes until the cheese is melted and almost browned. And we serve them hot for breakfast to our loved ones :)
Quick sandwiches In the absence of time or conditions for cooking, quick sandwiches are indispensable. They are cold and hot, salty and sweet, multi-story and two-layer.
Hot sandwiches in a hurry Hot sandwiches in a hurry may consist of grated cheese, slices of boiled sausage, vegetables and a slice of black bread or rolls. Bread is spread with whipped butter and spices (onion, parsley, mustard, ketchup). Then the products chosen for the sandwich are placed on top, sprinkled with cheese and baked for 10 minutes in the oven or microwave.
SANDWICHES "ACORDANCE" Cooking time: up to 10 minutes Ingredients: Mini baguettes 2 pcs. Red sauce 2 tbsp Hard cheese, ham to taste
Make cuts on baguettes. Spread bread with ketchup in the cuts.
Place ham inside and sprinkle with cheese. Wrap the sandwiches in foil (leave the top open) so that they do not fall apart. Bake in the oven at 190 gr. 15 minutes.
Bon appetit!
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Presentation on the topic: “Cooking. Sandwiches" Completed by: student gr. 3121-111 Davletova Gulnaz Federal state budgetary educational institution higher vocational education"Kazan National Research Technological University" (FGBOU VPO "KNRTU")
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Bread is one of the most amazing products of nature and human labor, one of the oldest and most significant, most reliable types of food on earth. Bread can be used to make various sandwiches, croutons and other delicious products. Sandwich (German Butterbrot - bread with butter) - a dish, which is a slice of bread, on which additional food products are placed. There are a huge number of types of sandwiches - from classic ones with butter, sausage or cheese to multi-layered creations from various types of meat, vegetables, herbs and gourmet sauces. Let's talk about sandwiches
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Sandwiches are dishes that are served before a meal. They are very widespread, as they are quick to prepare and easy to carry. Their main purpose is to prepare the body for eating, as they contribute to a better separation of digestive juices. Appointment of sandwiches
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Who Invented Sandwiches? A hoax is spread claiming that Nicolaus Copernicus invented the sandwich in April 1520. It allegedly happened during the siege of the Olsztyn castle, commandant of which was Copernicus, by the knights of the Teutonic Order. An epidemic broke out in the castle, and according to the observation of Copernicus, those who ate bread were sick. Copernicus suggested that bread becomes infected when it comes into contact with foreign objects, especially the floor. Then he proposed to spread butter on bread, on which, after an unsuccessful fall on the floor, it was easy to notice the dirt. With this method, Copernicus allegedly defeated the epidemic
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Products for making sandwiches Sandwiches are prepared on wheat and rye bread. When using rye bread, fatty foods and foods that have a pronounced smell and taste, such as fish, are used. All kinds of products are used for sandwiches: cheese, eggs, boiled meat, sausage, ham, fish, cucumbers, mushrooms, sweet peppers, pickles, herbs, butter, etc. Very often they use various sauces, mayonnaises, seasonings.
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Open sandwiches Use several types of products. Complex Simple Use only one type of product.
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Open sandwiches Slightly stale bread (rye, white, crispbread, etc.) is spread with butter, pastas, processed cheeses, pates, etc. Various products are placed on top: meat, pickles, sausages, etc. You can also use parsley and dill for sprinkling.
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Closed sandwiches For a closed sandwich (sandwich), you need two slices of bread or a small bun cut in half. Bread is spread with butter, the filling is laid on it: tomatoes, lettuce, boiled meat, cutlet, poultry meat, sausage, pickled cucumber, etc. The sandwich is topped with a second piece of bread. Cheeseburger and hamburger are traditional American closed sandwiches (recommended to eat hot).
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Historical fact John Montagu, Duke of Sandwich was a brave sailor and a desperate gambler. He could play for days and did not even eat at the card table. But greasy finger marks made the cards sprinkled, which caused quarrels among the gentlemen. And then the duke ordered to serve appetizers, putting them between two slices of bread. And so the sandwich was born.
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Snack bars (canapes, tartinki) Snack sandwiches (canapes). These are small sandwiches measuring 3 x 3 cm. Canapes can be made from various products: butter, hard-boiled eggs, cheese, cheese, processed cheese, herring, vegetables. They can also be made sweet using jams, preserves, fruits, berries.
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Bread for canapes is cut with a sharp knife into thin slices, all kinds of small figures are cut out and the bread is fried until golden brown. Bread can be toasted in a pan, oven or toaster. Products are cut into thin slices and selected according to color and taste. Tartinki are also small sandwiches made from toasted bread. They are distinguished from canapes only by the fact that meat, fish and other products are placed hot on toasted bread. Snack bars (canapes, tarts)
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Hot sandwiches According to the method of preparation, cold and hot sandwiches are distinguished. Cold ones are not cooked, and hot ones are cooked in the oven or microwave swords. When preparing hot sandwiches, instead of bread, you can use unsweetened shortbread or puff pastry.
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Decorating sandwiches Sandwiches will look more appetizing if they are beautifully decorated. For decoration, it is good to use greens, vegetables and brightly colored fruits: tomatoes, cucumbers, carrots, olives or olives, as well as other products. Decorations made from whipped cream and butter look beautiful on a sandwich. To work, you must use special devices: a variety of cutting, pouches, curly knives.
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Requirements for the quality of finished sandwiches Sandwiches should be prepared immediately before use. The products that make up the sandwich must be fresh. The slices of bread should not be too thick or thin. Bread must be completely covered with food. Sandwiches must have a taste, color and smell characteristic of the products used. The shelf life of sandwiches in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4 - 8 ° C is 3 hours.
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Hazards at work: Cuts; hand injuries; bruises. Before starting work, you need to prepare everything necessary tools and fixtures. What to do during work: Work only with a well-sharpened knife; Use the knife carefully; Pass the knife (fork) only with the handle forward; Do not raise the knife high above the cutting board. At the end of the work, you need to wash, dry and put away tools and fixtures Safety regulations for working with a knife and kitchen utensils
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Rules of etiquette Most often, sandwiches are consumed during breakfast, but their use during lunch or dinner is not excluded. They are served on saucers or in vases, placed in one layer. Small canapes are pierced with fork-skewers, with which they take a sandwich. Larger sandwiches can be taken from a common dish with your hands or a spatula. Hot and large sandwiches are eaten with a fork and knife.
on the topic: "Cookingsandwiches"
900game.net sandwiches
Sandwiches are the most common type of snack. For their
preparations use rye or wheat bread, a bakery
trifles, puff pastry, dry biscuits, meat and fish gastronomy, culinary products, cheeses, curd mass, marmalade, jam,
eggs, butter and oil mixtures, sauces, vegetables, fruits and others
products so that they are well combined in taste and color.
Types of sandwiches
Sandwiches are open, closed and snack bars. Sandwiches open
Plain open sandwiches
prepared from one type of product. From
loaf of white bread cut off a slice
10-12 cm long and 1-1.5 cm thick
(30-40 g) and put on it
prepared product.
For complex open sandwiches
select several types of products,
matching in color and taste, decorate with herbs, olives, butter and other products. From a loaf of white bread cut 2 slices 10-12 cm long and
1-1.5 cm thick (30-40 g) and put on
them prepared foods.
Varieties of closed sandwiches
SandwichesCheeseburgers
Hod - Great Danes
Hamburgers
pita Sandwiches closed
Sandwiches - bread is cut in length into narrow strips and greased with butter, thinly sliced \u200b\u200bmeat or fish, caviar, cheese,
salads, omelettes, pâtés, foods that match to taste; cover with another strip
buttered bread, pressed lightly
strips of bread and cut into pieces 7-8 long
see. Such sandwiches can be two- and three-layer, as well as combined.
Sandwiches closed
Hot dogs - use elongated buns,they are cut lengthwise into two halves and
put sausages, ketchup, mustard.
Sandwiches closed
Cheeseburgers - use a round bun withsesame seeds, cut lengthwise into two halves and
they put in cheese, chopped beefsteak, tomato slices, onions, lettuce, garlic, spicy seasonings, mayonnaise.
Sandwiches closed
Hamburgers - use round buns with sesame seeds, they are cut lengthwise into two halves and put in chopped steak, tomato slices,onion, lettuce, garlic, hot spices, mayonnaise,
yogurt, sour cream, ketchup, etc.
Sandwiches closed
Pita - made from yeast doughin the form of a cake, due to the difference
temperature, an air pocket is formed,
filled with warm cheese
salad, fried meat or poultry,
ham and other products. Sandwiches closed
For cooking
canapes use bread
without crusts, dry biscuits,
puff pastry.
Cooking methods:
First method: On fried strips
bread impose products, decorate
oil, and then the strips are cut into
squares, triangles, rhombuses, etc.
The second way: Cut out figures from bread and
attach products to them, trim
butter or mayonnaise. Required products
bread and
bakery
products
fish and
fish
products
meat and
meat
products
egg
products
vegetables and
fruit
cheeses
oil and
oil
mixtures
fruit and
berry
confectionery
products Bread and bakery products
Bread is the most important food
population in many countries of the world. Daily
consumption of bread different countries
is 150-500 g per capita.
In Russia, traditionally high consumption
of bread. On average per capita in
currently accounts for more than 500 g in
day, of which about 30% is rye
(black bread).
The bread is cut into slices 1-1.5 cm thick, butter is spread (5-10 g) and the food is laid so that it completely covers the bread. If sandwiches are prepared with fatty foods, then it is not recommended to use oil. For sandwiches with
fatty foods (lard, brisket, loin), prepare
a sandwich on rye bread, with all other types of products, wheat bread is most often used. sliced bread
can be fried until crispy.
Ways to cut bread
Vegetables and fruitsFresh fruits and vegetables contain carbohydrates, organic acids, tannins, nitrogenous and mineral substances, and vitamins. They
improve appetite, have medicinal value,
as they contain tannins, dyes and
pectin substances, vitamins, phytoncides,
antibiotics, radioprotective agents
(anti-radiants) and other compounds that perform a specific physiological role
in the human body.
After the initial processing, the vegetables are cut into simple pieces (circles,
slices, cubes, sticks, straws, slices) and complex (spiral,
shavings, balls) forms, for which they use different kinds
knives.
For the preparation of sandwiches, cucumbers, eggplants,
pepper, tomatoes, lettuce, green onion, garlic, dill, radish, horseradish and
other vegetables and fruits. Meat and meat products
Meat contains proteins - 14.5-23%, fats - 2-37%,
minerals -0.5-1.3%, water - 47-75
%, vitamins A, D, PP, B vitamins,
extractive substances.
The composition of meat proteins includes a number of essential
amino acids needed by the human body
to build and repair tissues, and fat
is a source of energy.
Boiled and fried meat is cut across the fibers one by one
piece on a sandwich so that they completely cover the slices
of bread.
After removing the casing, the sausage is cut like this: sausage loaves
large diameter - across one piece per sandwich, thin
loaves, smoked and semi-smoked sausages - obliquely 2-3 thin
piece.
The ham (ham and roll) is divided into parts, the skin is cut off and
cleaned, then cut into pieces of such a width that they
completely covered slices of bread. Fish and fish products
The fish contains proteins - 13-23%, fats -
up to 33%, minerals - up to 2%,
water - 50-80%, vitamins A, D, E, B2, B12, PP,
C, extractives. In the composition of proteins
fish contains a number of essential amino acids,
necessary for the human body
building new cells and tissues.
Boiled fish - beluga, stellate sturgeon, sturgeon - are cooled and cut into
slices 3-4 mm thick.
Salted fish - salmon, salmon, salmon, salmon - first
clean, and clean the part of the fish intended for
cuts, at the rate of one piece per sandwich. Cut the fish into
pieces starting from the tail.
Herring is peeled, removing the insides, cut into
fillet, cut into two pieces per sandwich.
Pressed caviar is kneaded on a marble or wooden board and,
leveling with a knife, give the desired shape. Cheese
Cheese is a high-calorie protein product,
obtained by coagulation of milk with subsequent processing and maturation of the clot; possess
high nutritional value, as they contain
complete proteins (about 25%) and milk fat
(about 30%), which is almost completely (by 96%)
absorbed by the human body. in cheeses
contains minerals (salts of calcium, sodium, etc.), vitamins A, B, E, B, B2, PP.
Cheeses have a rich flavor range, smell,
consistency, which allows every lover
pick your favorite cheese. Cheese calories
ranges from 250 to 400 kcal per 100 g. The physiological norm for cheese consumption is 6.6 kg per year.
Cheeses are divided into large pieces, and the cheese is rectangular
forms are cut lengthwise, and round - into sectors. Then they clean up
peel and cut the cheese into pieces. Oil and oil blends
Butter - natural milk
product
from
cream
or
sour cream
high-calorie
food
product.
At
oxidation in the body 1 g of oil is released 37.7
kJ, or 9.3 kcal of energy. The human body
receives
necessary
fatty
acid,
vitamins, phosphatides and other substances. At
reduced consumption of oil
body resistance to cold and
infectious diseases.
Butter is softened and whipped, you can add 1/3 of
cream (30% natural or whipped). To give oil
various colors mashed egg yolks are added to it,
tomato paste, red pepper, finely chopped greens, spinach puree
etc. Butter is smeared thin layer on the surface of the bread
used as decoration. For decorative cutting of butter
there are various devices. Fruit and berry confectionery
Confectionery - food products
industrial production, at
the manufacture of which uses about 200
types of different raw materials. To receive all
confectionery sugar is used in
combined with fats, proteins, flavoring and
other substances. They are characterized
pleasant taste, complex aroma,
attractive appearance, high
energy value. Calories 100 g
products is from 300 to 600 kcal.
For the preparation of sandwiches use fruit and berry
jelly, jam, jam. The jelly is cut with a knife into pieces or
various figures are cut out with a notch. Jam spread
a thin layer on top of a layer of butter, and confiture
used as decoration. egg products
A chicken egg contains proteins - 12.8%, fats 11.8%, carbohydrates - 1%, minerals 0.8%. in protein chicken egg no fat, and
its yolk contains 32.6%. Fats and egg whites
are biologically complete and easily
absorbed by the body. Eggs contain
many valuable vitamins - A, B, E, K, P, as well as
dyes, enzymes.
Eggs are boiled for 10-15 minutes, peeled and cut into pieces.
circles 3-4 mm thick. Tools Used
Cut with a slicing knife
and butcher
large vegetables and
fruits.
Knife with curved
and jagged
blade very
convenient to separate
fruit pulp from
skins.
Kitchen (regular)
knife is good for cutting
smaller vegetables and
fruits.
Knife with two
points at the end
cut cheese and
spikes on the tip,
shift to
plate.
small knife
make incisions on
vegetables, fruits,
remove the core.
Special
mi big
scissors
cut up
bird.
Corrugated
cut with a knife
thin slices
vegetables, fruits, cheese
or oil.
Kitchen
scissors
cut up
small meat
birds and
cutting greens. Tools Used
Such an egg cutter
divides brewed
hard boiled egg on
thin circles.
corrugated
cut out large circles
from bread, cheese,
sausages
round spoons different sizes cut out balls
ki from butter and fruit pulp.
With the help of such
egg cutter
can be cut
into equal slices.
Shapes cut out with molds
butter, cheese, vegetables.
Using a curly vegetable cutter
make
vegetable spirals. Used utensils
Sandwiches are served on a flat plate or a dish covered with
paper or linen napkin, lettuce.
Location of sandwiches
symmetrical
asymmetric
in the shape of a fish
bones
compliance with the rules of personal hygiene by employees;
the preparation of sandwiches should take place on
individual desktops;
should be strictly
comply with the labeling of cutting
boards, knives, tools;
meat, fish, gastronomic products
are prepared in advance, stored at t from 2° to 6°, cut into
clean work area as needed before
the release of sandwiches;
in the process of preparation, decoration should be less
various machines, and for decoration - various inventory,
tools.
Sanitary requirements for sandwiches
- products used for making sandwiches,should be stored separately;
- lettuce, parsley, celery, dill and
green onion hold in advance for 5-10 minutes
water for a better separation of sand and earth, and then
washed thoroughly in in large numbers water and
scalded with boiling water;
touch the food with your hands, using for cutting
inventory, tools.
- in the process of preparation, registration should be less
touch the food with your hands, using for cutting
different cars, and for decoration - different
inventory, tools. Sandwich decoration
Sandwich cake stuffed with
cheese and ham, sprinkled with mayonnaise and
adorned with thin petals
ham, pickled cucumber, chopped
egg and a slice of tomato.
Sandwich with butter, canned sardines, gherkin and leaf
lettuce.
Canape with caviar and shrimps,
decorated with bells
fresh cucumber and boiled carrots,
branches of greenery. Sandwich decoration
Open sandwich with butter and meat pate. Garnished with a lettuce leaf
canned champignons, slices of fresh cucumber, sprig
parsley.
Open sandwich with herring butter. Garnished with lettuce leaves
eggs, parsley.
Sandwich with soft cheese, mugs
tomato and a slice of cheese. Sandwich decoration
Sandwich - tower
from bread, cheese, ham, egg slices and tomato.
From above it closes impaled on
olive skewer.
Bread roll
multilayer
sandwich Sandwich decoration Sandwich decoration Quality requirements and shelf life
sandwiches
Products designed for
sandwiches are cut thin
slices not earlier than 30-40
min before serving. Since during storage
appearance and the taste of sandwiches
deteriorate rapidly.
Finished finished sandwiches
put in the refrigerator so that the oil
hardened well.
Arrange sandwiches on a platter
need so that the figures and color
The products matched beautifully.
- 900game.net
- sandwiches
- sandwiches- the most common type of snack. For their preparation, rye or wheat bread, bakery trifles, puff pastry, dry cookies, meat and fish gastronomy, culinary products, cheeses, curd mass, jam, jam, eggs, butter and oil mixtures, sauces, vegetables, fruits and other products so that they combine well in taste and color.
- Types of sandwiches
- sandwiches There are open, closed and snack bars.
- Sandwiches open
- For complex open sandwiches select several types of products that match in color and taste, decorate with herbs, olives, oil and other products. 2 slices 10-12 cm long and 1-1.5 cm thick (30-40 g) are cut from a loaf of white bread and prepared foods are placed on them.
- Plain open sandwiches prepared from one type of product. A slice 10-12 cm long and 1-1.5 cm thick (30-40 g) is cut from a loaf of white bread and the prepared product is placed on it.
- Cheeseburgers
- Sandwiches
- Hod - Great Danes
- Hamburgers
- Sandwiches closed
- Sandwiches - bread is cut in length into narrow strips and smeared with butter, thinly sliced \u200b\u200bmeat or fish, caviar, cheese, salads, omelettes, pates, products that are combined to taste are laid; cover with another strip of bread, buttered, lightly press the strips of bread and cut into pieces 7-8 cm long. Such sandwiches can be two- and three-layer, as well as combined.
- hot dogs- use elongated buns,
- they are cut lengthwise into two halves and
- put sausages, ketchup, mustard.
- Cheeseburgers- use a round bun with
- sesame seeds, cut lengthwise into two halves and
- put in cheese, chopped steak, circles
- tomato ki, onion, lettuce, garlic, spicy
- rava, mayonnaise.
- Hamburgers- use round buns with sesame seeds -
- volume, they are cut lengthwise into two halves and insert
- they smoke chopped beefsteak, slices of tomatoes,
- onion, lettuce, garlic, hot spices, mayonnaise,
- yogurt, sour cream, ketchup, etc.
- pita- made from yeast dough
- in the form of a cake, due to the difference
- temperature, an air pocket is formed,
- filled with warm cheese
- salad, fried meat or poultry,
- ham and other products.
- Sandwiches closed
- For cooking canape use bread without crusts, dry biscuits, puff pastry.
- Cooking methods:
- First way: Food is placed on the toasted strips of bread, decorated with butter, and then the strips are cut into squares, triangles, rhombuses, etc.
- Second way: Figures are cut out of bread and food is attached to them, finished with butter or mayonnaise.
- Required products
- bread and
- bakery
- products
- vegetables and
- fruit
- fish and fish products
- oil and
- oil
- mixtures
- egg
- products
- meat and meat products
- fruit and berry confectionery
- Bread and bakery products
- Bread is the most important food of the population of many countries of the world. The daily norm of bread consumption in different countries is 150-500 g per capita.
- Russia has a traditionally high consumption of bread. On average, per capita currently accounts for more than 500 g per day, of which about 30% is rye (black bread).
- Bread cut into slices 1-1.5 cm thick, spread with butter (5-10 g) and stack the products so that it completely covers the bread. If sandwiches are prepared with fatty foods, then it is not recommended to use oil. For sandwiches with fatty foods (lard, brisket, loin), a sandwich is prepared on rye bread; with all other types of products, wheat bread is most often used. Sliced bread can be toasted until crispy.
- Vegetables and fruits
- In fresh fruits And vegetables contains carbohydrates, organic acids, tannic, nitrogenous and mineral substances, vitamins. They improve appetite, have a medicinal value, as they contain tannins, dyes and pectin substances, vitamins, phytoncides, antibiotics, radiation-protective substances (anti-radiants) and other compounds that perform a certain physiological role in the human body.
- After primary processing vegetables cut into simple (circles, slices, cubes, sticks, straws, slices) and complex (spiral, shavings, balls) shapes, for which different types of knives are used.
- To prepare sandwiches, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, tomatoes, lettuce, green onions, garlic, dill, radishes, horseradish and other vegetables and fruits are used.
- Meat and meat products
- sausage after removing the shell, they are cut as follows: sausage loaves of large diameter - across one piece per sandwich, thin loaves, smoked and semi-smoked sausages - obliquely in 2-3 thin pieces.
- ham(ham and roll) are cut into pieces, the skin is cut off and cleaned, and then cut into pieces of such a width that they completely cover the slices of bread.
- Meat contains proteins - 14.5-23%, fats - 2-37%, minerals - 0.5-1.3%, water - 47-75%, vitamins A, D, PP, B vitamins, extractive substances.
- The composition of meat proteins includes a number of essential amino acids necessary for the human body to build and repair tissues, and fat is a source of energy.
- Boiled and fried meat cut across the fibers one piece per sandwich so that they completely cover the slices of bread.
- Fish and fish products
- boiled fish- beluga, stellate sturgeon, sturgeon - cooled and cut into slices 3-4 mm thick.
- salted fish- salmon, salmon, salmon, salmon - first they clean, and the part of the fish intended for cutting is cleaned, at the rate of one piece per sandwich. Cut the fish into pieces, starting with the tail.
- Herring peeled, removing the insides, cut into fillets, cut into two pieces per sandwich.
- Pressed caviar knead on a marble or wooden board and, leveling with a knife, give the desired shape.
- IN fish contains proteins - 13-23%, fats - up to 33%, minerals - up to 2%, water - 50-80%, vitamins A, D, E, B2, B12, PP, C, extractives. The composition of fish proteins includes a number of essential amino acids necessary for the human body to build new cells and tissues.
- Cheese - high-calorie protein product obtained by coagulation of milk with subsequent processing and maturation of the clot; have a high nutritional value, as they contain complete proteins (about 25%) and milk fat (about 30%), which is almost completely (96%) absorbed by the human body. Cheeses contain minerals (salts of calcium, sodium, etc.), vitamins A, B, E, B, B2, PP. Cheeses have a rich flavor range, smell, texture, which allows every lover to choose a cheese to taste. The calorie content of cheese is from 250 to 400 kcal per 100 g. The physiological norm of cheese consumption is 6.6 kg per year.
- Cheese are divided into large pieces, and the rectangular cheese is cut lengthwise, and the round cheese is cut into sectors. Then they clean the crust and cut the cheese into pieces.
- Oil and oil blends
- Butter soften and beat, you can add 1/3 of the cream (30% natural or whipped). To give the oil a different color, pureed egg yolks, tomato paste, red pepper, finely chopped greens, mashed spinach, etc. are added to it. The oil is spread in a thin layer on the surface of the bread or used as a decoration. There are various devices for decorative cutting of butter.
- Butter- a natural dairy product made from cream or sour cream, a high-calorie food product. When oxidized in the body, 1 g of oil releases 37.7 kJ, or 9.3 kcal of energy. The human body receives the necessary fatty acids, vitamins, phosphatides and other substances. With insufficient use of oil, the body's resistance to cold and infectious diseases decreases.
- Fruit and berry confectionery
- confectionery- food products of industrial production, in the manufacture of which about 200 types of various raw materials are used. To obtain all confectionery products, sugar is used in combination with fats, proteins, flavoring and other substances. They are characterized by a pleasant taste, complex aroma, attractive appearance, high energy value. The calorie content of 100 g of products is from 300 to 600 kcal.
- For the preparation of sandwiches, fruit and berry jelly, jam, confiture are used. Jelly cut with a knife into pieces or cut out various figures with a notch. Jam Spread a thin layer on top of a layer of butter, and confiture used as decoration.
- egg products
- A chicken egg contains proteins - 12.8%, fats - 11.8%, carbohydrates - 1%, minerals - 0.8%. There is no fat in the protein of a chicken egg, and its yolk contains 32.6%. Fats and egg proteins are biologically complete and easily absorbed by the body. Eggs contain many valuable vitamins - A, B, E, K, P, as well as dyes, enzymes.
- Eggs boil for 10-15 minutes, peel and cut into circles 3-4 mm thick.
- Tools Used
- Knife with curved and serrated blade very convenient to separate the pulp of the fruit from the skin.
- Knife with two points at the end cut the cheese and, pricked on the point, transfer to a plate.
- Kitchen
- scissors butchering meat small bird and cut greens.
- Special large scissors cut up the bird.
- chopping knife cut and butcher large vegetables and fruits.
- Kitchen(ordinary) knife Suitable for cutting smaller vegetables and fruits.
- small knife make cuts on vegetables, fruits, remove the core.
- With a corrugated knife, vegetables, fruits, cheese or butter are cut into thin slices.
- Tools Used
- Corrugated notches cut-out large mugs of bread, cheese, sausage
- molds cut out figures from butter, cheese, vegetables.
- Round spoons cut out balls of different sizes
- ki from butter and fruit pulp.
- By using figured vegetable cutter make spirals from vegetables.
- With the help of such egg cutters the egg can be cut into equal slices.
- Such egg cutter cuts a hard-boiled egg into thin circles.
- Used utensils
- Serving sandwiches for flat plate or platter covered with a paper or linen napkin, lettuce.
- Location of sandwiches
- symmetrical
- asymmetric
- in the shape of a fish bone
- Sanitary requirements to sandwiches
- compliance with the rules of personal hygiene by employees;
- the preparation of sandwiches should take place on separate work tables;
- the marking of cutting boards, knives, tools should be strictly observed;
- meat, fish, gastronomic products are cleaned in advance, stored at t from 2 ° to 6 °, cut at a clean workplace as necessary before the release of sandwiches;
- in the process of preparation, decoration, you should touch the products less with your hands, using various machines for cutting, and various inventory and tools for decoration.
- - lettuce, parsley, celery, dill and green onions are preliminarily kept in water for 5-10 minutes to better separate sand and earth, and then washed thoroughly in plenty of water and scalded with boiling water;
- - in the process of cooking, decorating, you should touch the products less with your hands, using various machines for cutting, and for decorating - various inventory, tools.
- products used to make sandwiches should be stored separately;
- Sandwich decoration
- Sandwich with butter, canned sardines, gherkin and leaf
- lettuce.
- Sandwich cake stuffed with cheese and ham, topped with mayonnaise and garnished with thin slices of ham, pickled cucumber, chopped egg and tomato wedge.
- Canape with caviar and shrimp, decorated with fresh cucumber and boiled carrot bells, sprigs of greens.
- Sandwich decoration
- Open sandwich with herring oil. Garnished with lettuce, egg slices, parsley.
- Sandwich with soft cheese, tomato slices and a slice of cheese.
- An open sandwich with butter and meat pate. Garnished with lettuce, canned champignons, fresh cucumber slices, parsley sprig.
- Sandwich decoration
- Sandwich - a tower of bread, cheese, ham, egg slices and tomato. On top of it closes an olive chopped on a skewer.
- M layered sandwich
- Sandwich decoration
- Sandwich decoration
- Products intended for sandwiches are cut into thin slices no earlier than 30-40 minutes before serving. Since the appearance and taste of sandwiches deteriorate rapidly during storage.
- Ready finished sandwiches are placed in the refrigerator so that the butter hardens well.
- You need to arrange sandwiches on a dish so that the figures and color of the products combine beautifully.
- Quality requirements and shelf life
- sandwiches
