slide 2

The history of the creation of the first car began in 1768, along with the creation of steam-powered machines capable of transporting a person. In 1806, the first car appeared, it was created by German researchers Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz the first internal combustion engine. It was a breakthrough in the creation of the first unit. From that time began the era of mechanical engineering

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The first inventions of devices for steam engines began to appear in the 17th century. They were like carriages. They moved, let's say, not fast, made a lot of noise, and also let out a lot of smoke

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For example, there is evidence that the Belgian priest-inventor Ferdinand Febrist in 1672 created a steam powered model as a toy for the Chinese emperor. The instance was small in size, and could not even carry a driver, but could reach speeds of up to 25 kilometers per hour. Perhaps this was the first model of transport for transporting people in the future.

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Steam carts

The first steam carriages began to be invented already in the 18th century. In 1769, the Frenchman Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot presented his invention, as it was called in the journal "Astronomy of Europe" - "steam cart". The size of the "cart" was 60 centimeters, it worked for a couple, it developed a maximum speed of 3.6 kilometers per hour, the fuel supply was only 15 minutes of movement. It was supposed to use this device in the form of a tractor of guns, but the invention did not take root.

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In 1791, in Russia, Ivan Kulibin presented to the public his development of a carriage, which had a steam engine and pedals, and the car also had a gearbox, bearings, brakes, a flywheel, and three wheels. But the government did not support his enthusiasm and developments, so further developments were not continued at that time.

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In the late 90s of the 18th century, the American explorer Evans built a steam wagon, it was called the Oractur Amphibilos. Allowed to travel both on land and on water. This inventor was granted the first patent for a car.

Slide 8

At the beginning of the 19th century, the first carriage appeared in London, capable of transporting 10 people.

Slide 9

Already in 1832, the first steam self-propelled vehicle for 50 people appeared, carrying passengers from Birmingham to London and back. The speed of movement was 16 kilometers per hour.

Slide 10

In 1854, an Italian military inventor assembled three steam stagecoaches.

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In Russia, the development of steam engines appeared again already in the 19th century. So in 1860, Amos Cherepanov, who was the nephew of one of the designers of the steam locomotive, created a tractor. This self-propelled device was nicknamed the "steam elephant" and it worked for several years.

slide 12

electric vehicles

Realizing that the development of the car on steam engines would not be possible, scientists switched to the development of engines powered by electricity. In 1828, Jedlik Anjos from Hungary invented the first electric motor for his miniature car model.

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Also in 1834, Vermont inventor Thomas Davenport created the first DC electric motor in the United States. Again, the electric motor was intended for a small car model. The speed of the model was 3 kilometers per hour.

Slide 14

In 1837, in England, Robert Davidson launched the first electric carriage, its speed was 6 kilometers per hour. The current source in this technical device was a galvanic battery. In 1840, a patent was issued in England for the use of rails as a current conductor. In America, similar patents were issued a little later in 1847. The Englishman Anderson in 1839 created a carriage powered by an electric motor, galvanic cells were of a disposable type.

slide 15

modern cars

It is generally accepted that 1885 is the year of the creation of the first gasoline engine. The name then he received "Motorvagen". It was invented by two German engineers Benz and Daimler. Their car was three-wheeled, its weight was 230 kilograms and could accelerate to 16 kilometers per hour. The engine was with one cylinder, its power was 0.85 horsepower. In 1886, Benz received a German patent for this invention, called the "gas-engine driven vehicle". And another German engineer, Daimler, added an internal combustion engine to the horse-drawn carriage. These two designers are considered the founders of the internal combustion engine.

slide 16

In Russia, according to historians, the first car with an internal combustion engine was built in 1896 by Yakovlev and Frese. This car was presented at an industrial exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod. It looked like a double phaeton, the engine was located at the back, its power was 2 horsepower. Max Speed was 31 kilometers an hour, the tank was enough to drive about 200 kilometers

Slide 17

There is also historical evidence that already in 1882 the first car with an internal combustion engine was built by Putilov and Khlobov in St. Petersburg. The car was four-wheeled, for two passengers with an open top.

Slide 18

In 1891, the first foreign car appeared in Russia. It was brought from Marseilles by Navrotsky, the owner of the Odessa leaf newspaper. The brand of the car according to various historical records is mentioned by both Panar-Levassor and Benz-Velo, there is no exact information.

Slide 19

In 1894, the first foreign car appeared in Moscow, it was the Benz-Velo, the engine power of which was 1.5 horsepower. The owner was a wealthy merchant. At the first appearance of the car on the streets of the capital, with the driver's inept control, an unpleasant situation occurred. The horses harnessed to the carriages became frightened and overturned the wagons. After this incident, the owner was forbidden to drive on the roads of the citySlide 23

The concept of "car" in the world was fixed after 1894 after the first international automobile races took place in France. Until that time, it was accepted to use such a concept as “vouurotomobile”, which literally means “self-propelled cart”.

slide 24

Automotive history for a short period of time, only about 100 years, has shown that it is very bright and fleeting, and we can only imagine how the car will look like in 100 years, a fantasy photo can be seen in this picture.

View all slides

Extracurricular activity on traffic rules with a presentation for students in grades 1-3

Extracurricular activity with a presentation for the Day of workers road transport

Tolstikova Tatyana Aleksandrovna, educator, NAO "NSSI", Naryan-Mar
Description: I present to you the summary extracurricular activities with a presentation for students elementary school about the history of the car. The material can be useful to teachers of elementary school and older groups of kindergarten.
Target: acquaintance with the history of the creation of the car
Tasks:
to cultivate respect for the work of the driver,
fix the rules of conduct in vehicles,
broaden the horizons of children
develop creative abilities
contribute to the cohesion of the children's team.

Equipment and inventory:
TV, laptop with presentation and song, coloring books, colored pencils, scissors, glue stick, cards with road signs and their fragments.
Preliminary work:
monitoring transport while walking around the city,
decorating modern cars,
picking up puzzles with cars.

Teacher: Hello guys!
We met on the eve of one professional holiday. But people of what profession will celebrate it, you need to guess for yourself.
Mystery:
Drives out onto the road
He usually early in the morning
Putting your foot on the pedal
And hand twisting the steering wheel.
Answer: chauffeur
Teacher: Yes, guys, tomorrow everyone who is by their kind is celebrating their professional holiday. professional activity sits behind the wheel of a car, as well as those who help drivers in their daily work.
Celebrating this holiday began in 1980 on the last Sunday of October.
It's hard to imagine without a car modern life- cars deliver products, transport passengers, various cargoes, work in all industries.
Let's listen to poems about the difficult, but so interesting work of the driver.
Student:
Road, road, the rustling of wheels.
Wherever you go, whoever you take,
Steering wheel in strong hands and happiness in the eyes.
On the road, the driver is an astronaut.
Coppices, a river run towards them.
The road is not easy at times.
But the driver believes: the brakes will not give up,
And he will definitely follow this route.
And joyfully beats the heart in the chest.
The driver always has everything ahead:
And meetings, and stars, and at home the threshold,
Chauffeur friendship and ribbons of roads.
K. Kubilinskas

Student:
And again a long road
And the dome of the sky is blue.
He travels a lot
But they don't want to rest.
Probably, he hardly remembers,
How much cargo for a country
He moved; waiting for them everywhere
And they all needed it.
He often speaks with a laugh,
Without taking your eyes off the wheel:
“I circled the globe five times,
And the Earth is too small for me.
I'm very happy so far
What am I driving, what a driver "
G. Shalaeva
Teacher:
Yes, guys, many boys, and you, probably, have dreamed of driving a car more than once. It seems to many that there is no more exciting profession in this world.
Listen to how interestingly Galina Shalaeva describes the work of a driver in her book on professions:
Student:
“Rushing, watching forests, fields, cities and small villages flash past the window of your car. Here is a sharp turn, here is a high rise, you turn the steering wheel, and the car, like a true friend, obeys you in everything: it speeds up the run, then slows down, turns right, then left and again rushes along a highway as wide as a river. Yes, the profession of a driver is very interesting. But it is simple only at first glance.
Teacher: Guys, why do you think the driver's job is not so easy?
Students: The driver must know the rules well traffic so as not to violate them and not to miss road signs.
The driver must know the device of the car in order to be able to repair it.
Teacher: That's right, the driver must be very careful and know the rules of the road and the meaning of all road signs. Guys, we collected puzzles with different cars. And now you have to collect road signs.
A game:
The class is divided into teams of three people (our classes are small, and we were divided into pairs). On the table are cut cards with road signs. The team receives a sample of their badge. Approaching the table in turn, they take one fragment and return to the team. It is necessary to correctly collect your sign and say what it means.

Teacher:
Guys, now you can only be passengers, but passengers have their own rules. After all, the work of the driver often depends on the behavior of the passenger. Let's remember them again.
Students:
Do not distract the driver with conversations.
Don't make noise and don't mess around.
Do not walk around the salon.
Give way to elders.
In special transport, fasten your seat belts.
Don't lean out the window.
Don't forget to thank the driver.
Teacher:
Well done! Guys, how long do you think the profession of a motorist appeared? (Children's guesses)
You will answer this question after watching the presentation, from which you will find out when the first car appeared.

Presentation.

Slide 2 The distant great-great-grandmother of modern cars was an ordinary horse-drawn cart - a cart, a carriage.

Slide 3 But people have always dreamed of moving faster than the fastest horse. And more than once they had a thought: how wonderful it would be if the wagon moved by itself, like a sleigh in the fairy tale "By the command of a pike" ..

Slide 4 The man even tried to attach a sail to the cart. Such a "land ship" could reach speeds of up to 30 km per hour, but it moved only when a strong tailwind was blowing.

Slide 5 The man even tried to attach a sail to the cart. Such a "land ship" could reach speeds of up to 30 km per hour, but it moved only when a strong tailwind was blowing.

Slide 6 There were times when the role of the engine was played by a footman. He sat at the back and set the carriage in motion with the help of levers and pedals.

Slide 7 Russian scientist Ivan Kulibin invented a three-wheeled "self-running" carriage, on which a person put his feet into special pedals and, alternately lowering and raising them, rolled the carriage along the road.

Slide 8 And the English scientist Isaac Newton decided that the wagon could move due to steam. So a steam engine was built and installed on a wagon, which, in fact, rolled itself down the street.

Slide 9 She moved with an incredible roar, and terrified the townspeople. The police demanded that a man with a red flag walk in front of the wagon and warn everyone of its approach.

Slide 10 German designers Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler invented the internal combustion engine in 1885. A wagon with an installed engine is considered the first "real" car.

Slide 11 People were distrustful of the new mode of transportation. Stones were thrown at the first motorists, ditches were dug and barriers were built in their way.

Slide 12 People who were accustomed to horses did not want to part with them. They even arranged horse-drawn and car competitions, which ended in the complete victory of the car.

Slide 13 Every year the car becomes more and more perfect and today it has completely conquered the planet!

Teacher: Guys, when did we have the first cars, and, therefore, the first motorists?
Students: In 1885.
Teacher: Guys, you love to decorate modern cars. And today I invite you to decorate the cars that drove around our planet many years ago. And then we will do a collective work, which will show how the car has changed over the years of its existence.
Practical work. The guys decorate cars (they are in in large numbers can be found on the Internet), cut out and glued to the poster.

To use the preview of presentations, create an account for yourself ( account) Google and sign in: https://accounts.google.com

Slides captions:

The history of the car: from the wheel to modern technology Compiled by: teacher Kuzyaykina O.L.

Cars in the form in which we are accustomed to seeing them on the streets of cities and country roads were designed only a few decades ago. And the history of the invention and creation of the car has several hundred years.

Primitive system The question arises: "What was before the appearance of the first cars?" In order to answer this question, we will have to go back to the time when man was not very different from other representatives of the animal world. In the history of mankind, this period is called "BC", and the person who lived at that time is called primitive. However, even primitive man often had a need to carry all kinds of objects from place to place. At the same time, of course, I wanted to do it as quickly as possible and at the lowest cost. First of all, such a need arose during the hunt. In pursuit of wild animals, the hunter went quite far from the camp of his tribe, and he had to carry the killed beast on his shoulders. It was a difficult and lengthy process, negating the joy of a successful hunt. I had to look for easier ways to transfer prey.

It all started with a wheel. People not only hunted, they began to sow fields, raise cattle, build large settlements, and then cities; trade in stone, timber, grain began ... At the same time, people had to move huge weights over long distances. And the idea of the wheel could not but be born.

A wheel is a disk or spoked rim that rotates on an axle. Invented in the Ancient East in the 4th millennium BC. It was a disk made of wood or stone. A wheel with spokes and a bent rim appeared in the 2nd millennium BC. e.

Then a man came up with a wagon and his life became much easier: it became possible to transport weights from place to place, to cultivate the land, spending less effort, to travel long distances faster.

Horse-drawn carriages Horses and bulls began to be harnessed to the carts - this is how the first horse-drawn carriages appeared. One of the most famous ancient carriages - chariots

Wooden carts Then they began to make a wagon on four wheels. And they called it a cart or a rattletrap. From ancient times to the present day, people use carts in agriculture.

carriages in the 15th century a significant step was taken in the development of horse-drawn carriages. The body, like a cradle, was hung on leather straps to the frame of the wagon. Gently shaking the body, the belts, acting as springs, extinguished all the shocks that occur during movement. So the ancient rattletrap turned into a more comfortable and perfect carriage - a carriage. Due to the complexity of manufacturing, the number of the first carriages was small, and they could only become the property of crowned and titled persons.

carriages since the 16th century. the sides of the carriage appeared, made of leather stretched over a wooden frame, then a hard roof and windows. The carriage turned into a small cozy house on wheels

Stagecoaches Over time, cities grew and expanded, trade between cities grew and expanded. There was a need for public transport. First public transport became a stagecoach. Stagecoach - a large covered carriage designed to transport people, cargo, mail. He became the ancestor of our buses and trolleybuses

the first car As time went on...cities grew...trade expanded. People began to think about the invention of the "Self-Running Carriage"

And they came up with: these carriages were set in motion by the passengers themselves with the help of pedals.

With the invention of the steam engine appeared: steam cars

locomotives

Steamboats

The first car The first car looked like this. Probably, not everyone knows that the car has a real birthday. We can assume that the car was born on January 29, 1886 - it was on this day that the German engineer Karl Friedrich Michael Benz was issued a patent DRP-37435 for a "vehicle with a gasoline-powered engine." This vehicle was Motorwagen - a three-wheeled car, it would be more accurate to call it a three-wheeled two-seater with a gasoline engine.

Cars of the 19th century Over time, the car had a fourth wheel, a roof, soft seats, headlights

Cars of the 20th century Cars are constantly changing, each time becoming more comfortable and convenient

Cars of the 20th century Engineers come up with new forms of car bodies to increase their speed and convenience, they also change colors, but the meaning of the car remains in the main: speed and convenience of moving from one place to another.

Modern cars Modern cars can reach speeds of up to 400 km per hour, their engines have a power of 140 horsepower, they can raise and lower windows on their own, they park themselves, they have heated steering wheels and seats, air conditioning, video, radio and even TVs and the Internet .

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Presentation on the topic: The history of the creation of the car

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The wagon was of a rough shape and was intended, according to the plan of its creator, to transport artillery. She had three wheels, of which one was in front, leading and steering at the same time. Only the water and fuel required for propulsion weighed a ton. The heavily laden steering wheel was too heavy to turn alone. It was difficult for two people to handle it. A copper boiler with a firebox hung like a heavy pear in front of the wagon and hissed like a Serpent Gorynych, the wagon hobbled at a speed of no more than 4 km / h.

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In 1885, Karl demonstrated to the burghers of Mannheim his three-wheeled self-propelled carriage with a gasoline engine. However, the novelty aroused not so much interest as irritation. When Benz decided to drive through the city, the noise of the engine frightened the butcher's horse. She carried, scattering the load along the way. To hush up the scandal, Carl bought the damaged goods, put the car under a canopy and began to improve it.

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The car was "hijacked" in the early summer morning of 1888, when its creator was sleeping. The eldest son Evgeny got behind the wheel, next to him was his mother (Berta), behind - younger brother. They went to relatives small town Pforzheim. However, this was only a pretext. There were plenty of adventures and excitement along the way. At that time, gasoline could only be bought at kerosene shops, where it was sold as a stain remover. Malfunctions had to be eliminated by improvised means - Berta used a long hat pin to clean the clogged gas pipeline, and a hat tape to secure the parts of the ignition system. Each time, going downhill, the mother was worried about the boys - the wooden brake would suddenly deteriorate. I had to stop more than once and ask the village shoemakers to upholster it with leather again. The rear wheel drive chains stretched out and began to jump off the sprocket teeth. I also had to stop at the forge. But for all their worries, the travelers were more than rewarded. The inhabitants of Pforzheim flocked in crowds to stare at the three-wheeled "horseless cart." All of Germany learned about Bertha's long-distance rally, the press paid serious attention not only to her journey, but also to Karl Benz's car. Since that time, his path to fame and success began.

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Benz's first car, made in 1885, was a three-wheeled two-seater carriage on tall spoked wheels. Benz put his new 0.9 hp four-stroke water-cooled gasoline engine on it. The cylinder was located horizontally above the axis of the huge rear wheels and set them in motion through one belt and two chain drives. A large, horizontal flywheel was located under the engine. It was connected to the bevel gear crankshaft and used to create uniform rotation and to start the engine. The electric ignition was powered by a galvanic battery - it was a more advanced solution than the glow tubes of Gottlieb Daimler, who worked in parallel and independently of Benz (the firms merged only in 1926, forming the Daimler-Benz AG company). Unlike Daimler's wooden cart, Benz's car had a frame welded from metal tubes. The car developed a ridiculous speed by our standards - 16 km / h, but at that time it was a very progressive design.

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"People's" car In 1908, Henry Ford made his dream come true by releasing the Model "T" - a reliable and inexpensive car that became one of the most popular and popular cars of its time. In 1913, Henry Ford began work on the introduction and installation of a continuous assembly line for the assembly of Model T cars in the workshops of the enterprise. This was the beginning of a real industrial revolution. The assembly line at the first Ford plant in Hydeland Park in Michigan (USA) became the starting point for the development mass production worldwide.

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The most expensive car in the world Bugatti Veyron $1,700,000 On January 5 at the LA Auto Show in California, the Bugatti Veyron 16.4 was unveiled, the fastest, most powerful and most expensive car in the world. A technical miracle called the Bugatti Veyron 16.4 has a capacity of 1000 horsepower and accelerates to 407 kilometers per hour. And the Bugatti Veyron takes just 2.8 seconds to reach 100 km/h from a standstill, faster than one of the fastest supersport motorcycles, the Suzuki GSX-R1000!

T R I V E SCH I D E L A Y T S T R A N U

B E L I C O Y AND B A H O D E N S T U Y S:

FERTILITY SOIL, ACTIVE INDUSTRY EASY MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE.,

F r e n s i s Bacon

First cars

The very first car, or rather, a steam tractor,

developed by N. Kunho, moved at a speed of 3.6 km / x / .

It has survived and is in perpetuity.

at the Paris Museum of Arts and Crafts.

G O T L Y B D A Y M L E R (19th century)

Developed the first gasoline engine and

built the world's first high-speed four-

wheeled vehicle that developed

speed up to 18 km/h.

A W T O M O B I L I N A C A L A 20 E C A

GENERY FORD CREATED THE FIRST CAR TO BE MASS-PRODUCED.

Company, Mercedes-Benz,

was founded in 1886.

The symbol is a 3-beam star.

Today her cars are

are given in 170 countries of the world.

Company, Nissan, -

fifth largest in the world

car manufacturer.

Ni, from, Nihon, means Japan

San, from, Sanchio, -industry.

The red circle symbolizes the sun, the blue rectangle symbolizes the sky.

S A M E R O G I E CARS

,LI M U S I N, R O L L S - R O Y C

Company, JAGUAR,

was established in 1922. .

Cars of this series are considered the most expensive serial cars, their price reaches 402 thousand pounds sterling.

FIRST CAR CARL BETZ (19th century)

The double car had bicycle wheels and

The span body. Unlike the wagon that was being pulled

Horses, Benz decided to limit himself to three wheels.

The front wheel was controlled by

Bicycle is easy.

Gradually, the automotive industry began to use tin instead of wood, and wooden, rattling wheels were replaced with metal ones with soft rubber tires.

Modern view of steel machine

acquire after World War II