the first publication in the network (Ukraine)
Drive through the village right now - and
you will see: in the fields, winter wheat is planted not just after sunflower, -
the sprouts of this culture are forced to drag out a miserable existence in the midst of
huge withered badyls of a giant plant, which no one bothered to
even clean up from the field! What kind of fallow is there, what kind of crop rotation ... And then we think -
we wonder why the quality of bread has decreased, why it tastes more and more
looks like papier mache...
But back to animal husbandry. At the end of November, a meeting was held in Dmitrovka
bulks. According to the picketers, local authorities at the level of the village council
blocks the implementation of the programs of the President and the Government, conducts
illegal squatting of fields owned by the state and having
strategic importance, which violates the Law of Ukraine. The villagers also said
that they will slaughter all the livestock, because due to the total sowing of fields
sunflower they have nowhere to graze it.
Purely European... La Piovra
A similar situation has developed not only in the Novoaydarsky district, where
almost all large villages fell into the "seed" bondage. Illegal
the capture of pasture lands and hayfields for sunflower is taking place
throughout the Luhansk region, where the share of the agricultural sector in the total
production is only about 10% - the least in Ukraine! In collusion
Dozens of village leaders and individual district officials joined.
"Octopus" covered many villages, destroyed the livestock complex of the region,
put thousands of villagers out of work, slaughtered tens of thousands of cows! And all for
so that civilized Europe does not litter its fields with oilseeds,
using third-class countries for this, which, apparently, include
Ukraine.
It is worth noting that the participants in the aforementioned rally made accusations
the family firm of the village head "Flora" and the enterprise "Agroton". Both firms
work in tandem: the chairman of the village council on the technique of "Agroton" sows and
gathers sunflowers, then together they load it onto a transport and
sell abroad. And already in the EU countries, ecological products are produced from seeds.
fuel. This is how Europeans get clean air at the cost of killing
livestock sector of our state and the destruction of fertile land.
It should be noted that in addition to fuel for Europe, a certain proportion of these seeds
also goes to our stores, and we buy them in beautiful multi-colored packages.
To increase the yield, our agribusinessmen swell tons into the soil
superphosphate, where one of the impurities are cadmium compounds. This is very
dangerous substances that would-be producers poison us in pursuit of
profit. Do we need such "European integration"?
source - uamedia.visti.net/content/podsolnechniko vaya-mafiya
Every poor country has disgusting food. This is the law, it works everywhere without exception, unless, of course, the country is so poor that people are fed from the land. Russia has become significantly poorer over the past couple of years. However, our people are going, contrary to common sense began to praise. Many are convinced that fresh Abkhazian tangerines, full-fat domestic milk and natural Belarusian cottage cheese finally got on their table.Heavy instruments of self-hypnosis are used, turning greenhouse Chinese tomatoes into fragrant Krasnodar ones. The man who praises Rossiyskiy cheese in 2016 had previously carried out a difficult psychological work. We have become fashionable to pretend that you understand food. And knowingly "savor" repeatedly thawed Argentine beef. Maybe people are ashamed that they, not having had time to get to know the taste of real food, again switched to compound feed.
Shame makes you keep your face to the last.
Nostalgia processes the consciousness of Russians even more strongly. Insidious trap: a person, it would seem, misses the times when he was young, fresh and in a hurry to his own wedding, and as a result, his feelings are reduced to longing for saltpeter sausage and crushed tomatoes.
If Russia today is only slipping into poverty, then the Soviet Union was a poor country. And the poor don't eat well. And they didn't eat.
Today, Russia is approaching the Belarusian ones in terms of the quality of products. And this is a fall, not an increase.
The same nostalgia for the Potato cake helps to survive it. If you try to make cottage cheese or yogurt from the Belarusian milk bought on the market or in the "farm" store, you are unlikely to succeed. Also, it will not work to ferment real milk with Belarusian yogurt or sour cream. It is not surprising, because the production of raw milk in Belarus is growing sharply every year, and since 2000 the number of livestock has been at the level of 4.3-4.4 million heads. On the other hand, imports of milk, cream, condensed milk and palm oil from the European Union, Asia, Latin America. And exports skyrocketed.
The Belarusians themselves, by the way, are not happy with their products and prefer to buy goods in Poland, Lithuania or Latvia - all sorts of "bags" create long traffic jams at the border.
Because the Belarusians know that their products are the most Soviet, and the producers are responsible with their heads not for the quality, but for the plan.
My mother taught merchandising in Soviet times. From an early age, I spent my free time in my mother's classes. Or at the lectures of her colleagues who taught food technology, accounting and reporting of the grocery store. I honed my reading skills on collections of food GOSTs.
Few people know that Soviet food standards, firstly, had notes indicating the possibility of replacing one ingredient with another. Secondly, GOSTs were changed frequently, for some types of products even twice a season, depending on the crop and milk yield. Thirdly, products for domestic use and for export were made according to different GOSTs. So, for export sausages, it was forbidden to use any packaging films, except for cellophane.
A varied list of phosphates, nitrates and nitrites was also used only in sausages for the domestic market - for example, sodium phosphate monosubstituted 2-water, which is also used as a laxative and as a component of glass washing liquid. A common ingredient in washing powders, sodium tripolyphosphate was also used in sausages. To preserve the color, sodium and potassium nitrates were used - unconditional carcinogens. Boiled sausages and sausages were allowed to contain 5,000 mg of nitrites per kilogram - when frying, they turned into toxins.
The list of "improvers" and substitutes in sausages alone was huge. GOSTs officially allowed the use of cheek meat, boiled hooves, bladders, cow passages in sausages instead of trimmed meat ...
Each type of sausage was accompanied by a note that indicated the possibility of replacing the ingredients: trimmed mutton with lean meat in volume up to 15%, meat in beef sausage for trimmed pork - up to 20%, buffalo and yak meat instead of beef - up to 100%, old sausages, sausages and sausages were allowed to be put in fresh ones, extracts were allowed to be used instead of natural spices, salt boiled bones and plasma were allowed to replace the meat mass, up to 10% of the sausage could consist of cuts of old smoked meats.
And finally, the final and most important note in the sausage GOST 23670-79 as amended in 1980 says that “instead of beef, pork, lamb, the joint use of a protein stabilizer, a mass of beef meat, or pork, or mutton, food plasma (serum) blood is allowed , starch or wheat flour.
And this is just one GOST. And there were hundreds of them. And thousands of technical specifications, according to which most food products were produced. According to specifications, the oil for frying chips was replaced every eight months.
"Birch sap" for kindergartens was sweetened water with vitamins.
About quality confectionery say Soviet GOST 240-85 for margarine, cooking and combined fats, which made it possible to produce fats from the same palm oil, palm stearin, cotton palmitin. And palm oil was then much lower purity.
Cakes "Potato", cake "Log" according to specifications were prepared from scraps, crumbs, marriage of biscuits and cookies with the addition of cooking oil and cocoa powder substitute. Cake and sweets "Ptichye Moloko" were also prepared according to specifications from a variety of substitutes. There were no GOSTs with agar-agar, cocoa butter and natural eggs for Bird's Milk; today they are invented by culinary bloggers who make money on longing for the Soviet system. On it, the current manufacturers of "GOST" make money chocolates. Pure business on blind nostalgia.
People yearn for the chocolate icing made from combi fat, which they were sold for the price of modern truffles.
Ice cream, which patriots moan so loudly about today, was produced in accordance with GOST only until 1966, and after that it began to be produced according to specifications, and there were years when each republic had its own specifications for ice cream, depending on the situation with the dairy industry. According to the specifications, ice cream was made from vegetable fats, combined fat, instead of agar-agar, starch and flour were added, and in the early 1980s, creamy ice cream varieties were replaced with dairy ones: creamy ice cream remained only in Moscow and Leningrad, but no one was going to feed the provinces in fat.
Ice cream in the provinces was not six - eight varieties, as in the capitals, but one - three.
In the south of Russia, there were regions where, since the 1970s, no ice cream was sold outside the regional centers, except for tomato, because all dairy products from agricultural regions were exported cleanly to Moscow. In Tyumen, the third kind of ice cream (milk popsicle) appeared only in the late 1980s, and before that there was only milk in a glass and milk on a stick. The second channel on TV, by the way, also appeared only at the end of the Union, before that they got by with the first one.
I must say that GOSTs and even TUs were not an indicator of the quality of products. Theft, deceit in the Soviet Food Industry and trade were ubiquitous. And sometimes at the official level. At large sausage factories, there were ordinary workshops with sausage made from cheek meat, meat and bone boiled meat and bladders, and a Gostovsky workshop that worked for special rations, the Beryozka store and OBKhSS, from this workshop came products for bribes and control. In smaller factories, they simply launched different lines. For example, two shifts with double capacity produced starched sausage, and the third, at night, drove the Gost standard.
Dairy products, which, according to GOSTs, by the way, were also powdered and with vegetable fats, were mercilessly diluted and stolen.
Milk was diluted even on the collective farm, then - on the way to the dairy, on the way from the factory to the store, in the store.
Sour cream was diluted with diluted milk according to the same scheme, if necessary, compensating for the losses with starch. Sour cream, in which there is a spoon, is not sour cream, but starchy porridge: in normal sour cream, a spoon should not stand. People who yearn for a spoonful of sour cream simply did not see anything good in Soviet life. Because then everyone was stealing.
Only on a large scale that the state put up with it and introduced the concept natural loss, hoping that the thieves will leave at least a little to the people. Allowed for different products different level natural loss, up to 20%, it included shrinkage, shrinkage, beating, spoilage, marriage, refusal and theft. But they began to steal even more: they legally collected cream and fat sour cream, cut hams from chickens, tenderloin from a shoulder blade, carried away fresh fruits in the volumes of permissible loss, and then they were taken in excess of the norm and also diluted, weighted, pumped with water. The trick about weighting chickens with water is not retail chains they came up with it - it was discovered under the tsar.
And how much did such joy cost? A liter of sour cream in the central zone cost one and a half rubles, in remote regions - 1 ruble. 65 kop. A liter of milk - 48-50 kopecks. Creamy ice cream in Moscow until the mid-1980s cost 19 kopecks, and such a miracle as milk ice cream cost 21 kopecks at the borders of the homeland.
Sweets with condensed milk, molasses and fudge made from vegetable oils with cocoa waste such as "Petrel", "Pilot", "Swallow" cost 3 rubles in the third price zone. 40 kop. Allegedly, chocolates such as "Mask" and "Rillage in Chocolate" cost up to 15 rubles. Soup sets - 1.5 rubles, meat that has never been on sale - 2.5 rubles. Meat on the market - from 7 rubles.
A few percent of the population could afford to buy goods in the market. With a good Soviet salary of 120 rubles.
Do not listen to those who say that Soviet people earned 250-400 rubles each. Only elite intellectual workers, miners, shift workers-geologists had such money. In 1976, 39% of the country's population, or almost 100 million people, lived in villages and villages, where a good salary was 60-80 rubles. Grassroots intelligentsia in the countryside received up to 100 rubles, in the city - 110-130 rubles. per month.
In 1965, the Central Research Economic Institute of the State Planning Commission of the RSFSR revealed that 73.51% of citizens did not reach the poverty line in terms of income, earning less than 65 rubles. per month. In 1970, the average salary, combined from the salaries of a milkmaid and a Stakhanovist miner, in the Union was 122 rubles, and the median, that is, the most frequently encountered, was 98 rubles. The tariff scale had coefficients: the farther from Moscow the cashier of the same savings bank lived, the less he earned.
The salary of an average specialist was enough for 6.5 kg of "chocolate" sweets or 10 kg of good meat. Fortunately, they were almost never on sale - I didn’t have to be upset.
People ate little, bought little by little. My mother, who had to go to stores on the other side of the counter, recalls that people bought sweets of 100-150 grams at most. In paper bags.
Cheese - 150 g each, butter - 50-60 g each. On the day of receiving a pension in the area of pension, old women felled to the grocery store - "for butter". So that the staff would not have ideological conflicts with everyday life, they were explained at trade union meetings that the Soviet person prefers to buy a little, but fresh.
The authorities then faced the task of filling the belly of the people at any cost. Stearin, starch and bone decoctions were used. To prevent citizens from stretching their legs, if possible, vitamin-mineral complexes were added to the products. The same as for livestock.
From the provinces to Moscow and Leningrad, they raked out all the edible stocks, leaving the outback to queue for the Chayna sausage and sweets-pillows. Prices grew as they moved away from the capital, the whole country was divided into three price zones, prices for many goods were indicated for three belts at once. Moscow did not pay attention to this, and the provinces quickly forgot that they lived from hand to mouth. And today it is desperately torn into poverty, to the Soviet "birch" sap and cubes of combined fat.
Truths and myths about real sausage and butter
“What are we eating? Some nonsense! Genetically modified foods, palm oil, soy protein in sausage... Here's Soviet times the sausage was real!” It's funny that such speeches can be heard not only from those who yearn for Soviet times - for the simple reason that they spent their youth or childhood in the USSR, but also from young men and women who did not find the Union. What was Soviet food really like in the 70s and 80s?
And gingerbread, by the way, is always not enough for everyone
Firstly, the food was different - for those who received special rations, went to special stores and had the opportunity to purchase goods "from under the counter" or in the market, and for ordinary hard workers. social stratification in the Union it was very pronounced: some bought market cottage cheese and market meat for a lot of money, others received black and red caviar as “voluntary offerings”, and the most numerous third either stood in lines for hours for scarce goods, or bought beef bones for dinner, rotten potatoes and the same sausage, which, according to modern myths, was then made from real meat.
GOST is an elastic concept
One of the main arguments in favor of the naturalness of Soviet products is "then there were GOSTs." Well, they really were. But, firstly, they were different - for export and for domestic products, and secondly, they often changed - depending on whether the harvest was good, and thirdly, there were numerous notes to GOSTs. According to these notes, in some cases some ingredients were allowed to be substituted for others.
In beef sausage, up to 15% of the meat could be replaced with pork trimmings and up to 100% with yak or buffalo meat. In the production of sausages or frankfurters, it was allowed to use “old”, not sold-out sausages, as well as trimmings of smoked meats - the good would not disappear. Part of the meat was quite legally replaced by boiled bones, blood plasma (serum), protein stabilizers, wheat flour, potato starch.
Even if we take into account the widespread theft, it turns out that sausages were often made far from meat alone. And if you consider that it was then considered prestigious to live according to the principle “take every nail from the factory, you are the owner here, not a guest,” it turns out that meat did not get into some varieties of sausage at all. More precisely, like this: in solid industries there were workshops of different profiles - in some they made sausages and sausages for export, for bribes and control - without any substitutes, and in others - products for the people, from cheeks, boiled bladders and starch. At smaller factories, there was also a “stratification of sausages”: for example, an elite product was produced on the first shift, and a harsh surrogate on the second and third.
Why carcinogens?
Soviet chips - crispy fried potato slices in bags, which, by the way, did not reach all regions of the country - were fried in oil. His - quite legally, according to TU! - changed once every eight months.
Butter was quite expensive, and sunflower oil was exceptionally unrefined and often cloudy, the smell of it was liked on everything; the housewives of those times often used margarine or the so-called cooking oil for frying and baking. These wonderful fats were produced using hydrogenated vegetable fat, cotton palmitin and the notorious palm oil, which for some reason is considered the exclusive property of modern products. By the way, in Soviet times, this oil was not at all as thoroughly purified as it is now.
Nitrates and nitrites were actively added to the notorious sausage, as well as sausages and sausages - quite legally, according to GOST.
As for dairy products, they were of high quality only in the Baltic States - there is such a rich tradition of making "milk", which was not so easy to kill with notes to Soviet GOSTs; and the Baltic republics were better supplied than the rest. Both milk and sour cream were mercilessly diluted. In sour cream, so that it was not blatantly liquid, starch was added.
Sweet life
Scarce cakes and sweets "Bird's milk" according to legend were made using agar-agar, cocoa butter and eggs; in practice, these components were replaced by starch, vegetable fats and melange. Ice cream of the most diverse varieties was only in the capitals, and even in Leningrad. In the provinces, cream ice cream and popsicles were known only from books and films; in stores they sold at best two or three varieties of ice cream - milk, chocolate, berry. And in the south of Russia there were regions where such a strange delicacy as tomato ice cream was sold as a cold treat; there was no alternative to him - dairy products were sent to the capital.
The “Log” cake and the “Potato” cake, beloved by the people, were made from confectionery waste: they mixed cookie crumbs, defective biscuits, margarine and cocoa powder. And even for such delicacies, queues lined up in stores.
So those who desperately yearn for Soviet quality products either ate differently than ordinary people, or simply do not really understand what it is - Soviet products.
hungry Soviet people stood in queues for many days, putting numbers on their hands in order to fill a liter can with a coupon for a month. Bottled oil was distributed in special rations only to the party nomenclature, and if it got into the house of a Soviet engineer, then an empty bottle from under the oil was stored in a sideboard for many years, it was such a rarity.
There was also no vegetable oil for Yeltsin, oil (ground oil) was exchanged for vegetable oil. 1 to 10
Russia imported 500 - 700 thousand tons annually, the peak of imports was 800 thousand tons in 2001. And in 1999-2001, with the advent of Putin, measures were taken to limit the import of vegetable oils and the export of sunflower seeds (even today there is a protective export duty on seeds) in order to support domestic manufacturer.
Today we provide ourselves with sunflower oil by 97%. And if in 2001 about 2 million tons of sunflower seeds were harvested in the country, then in 2011 a record harvest was obtained - almost 10 million tons.
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |
| cultivated areas | 3878 | 3595 | 4191 | 5633 | 4666 | 3821 | 4117 | 5395 | 4873 | 5577 | 6166 | 5332 | 6199 | 6196 | 7153 | 7614 |
| gross harvest, thousand tons | 2763 | 2834 | 3005 | 4160 | 3929 | 2700 | 3700 | 4909 | 4821 | 6476 | 6746 | 5670 | 7349 | 6500 | 5300 | 9700 |
| Productivity, centner/ha | 7,1 | 7,9 | 7,2 | 7,4 | 9 | 7,8 | 9,7 | 10 | 10,2 | 11,9 | 11,4 | 11,3 | 12,3 | 11,5 | 9,6 | 13,4 |
This year, sunflower will be sown on a smaller area - about 7 million 150 thousand hectares. Although with such an increase in yield, the collection will most likely be the same. A lot has changed in the industry over ten years - the area under crops has expanded, the number of processing enterprises, production and export volumes. And if earlier Russia imported oil, now it exports it.
Over the past few years, our country has been among the largest suppliers to the world market of this type of oil. The world oil market is 5-6 million tons per year. The first place in export is occupied by Ukraine with its sunflower plantations in the Mykolaiv region. The second place was traditionally occupied by Argentina, but this year, according to estimates international companies, it will sell for export less than 900 thousand tons. It is expected that this marketing year (October 2011 - September 2012) sunflower oil exports will break all records. Russia will be able to sell abroad up to 1.2-1.4 million tons of products and take the second place after Ukraine among exporters of sunflower oil. Sales revenue will be more than a billion dollars, for example, the income from the sale of wheat (the main crop supplied for export) is 5-6 billion dollars, from the sale of barley (the second largest crop) - less than 1 billion dollars.
Total
Imports of sunflower oil decreased from 800,000 tons to 40,000. And exports increased from 30,000 tons to 1.3 million tons
Processing built. Export of sunflower seeds over the past 9 years has decreased by 94% (from 255.5 thousand tons in 2001 to 16.2 thousand tons in 2010). Since 1999, the production of vegetable oil in Russia has grown 4 times.
At the same time, the export of soybean oil is growing - by 10 thousand tons to 145 thousand.
Now that Russia has strengthened its position in the industry and put the industry on its feet, it is possible to reduce duties
After joining Russian Federation The WTO provides for an annual gradual reduction in the rates of export customs duties on oilseeds. Thus, after the transition period (4 years), the maximum (upper) level of the export rate customs duty for sunflower seeds will decrease to 6.5%, but not less than 9.75 euros per 1000 kg.
Currently, sunflower seeds (TN VED code 1206 00) are subject to an export customs duty rate of 20%, but not less than 30 euros per 1000 kg.
