The idea of how to open a pawnshop is very timely in difficult times: during such periods, people rethink their needs and begin to give up unnecessary things, primarily luxury items. Business will flourish even in well-fed years: then zealous owners will get rid of annoying things in order to send the proceeds to partial payment for new ones. Another plus of pawnshops is that they are not interested in credit history, which is also important for a certain category of people.
Where to begin
What documents are needed to register a pawnshop, departmental portals tell in detail. Here step-by-step instruction for those who want to open a pawnshop from scratch:
- Search for a room with good traffic, but safe, because. the enterprise bears liability for the safety of collateral property, and spacious - at least 50 sq.m to have a place to store things;
- Registration in tax service as a legal entity;
- Registration with the State Financial Monitoring Service;
- If you intend to work with precious metals, then you need to declare yourself in the Inspectorate of Assay Supervision of the Assay Office.
Gosfinmonitoring supervises the movement cash flows. It helps to check the client, if necessary, his credit history. The department must be informed on all transactions, the amount of which exceeds 600,000 rubles.
You will also have to contact the Fire Inspectorate and SES.
Room equipment
The price list for services is drawn up by a glazed stand placed at the eye level of a person of average height. Similarly, copies of all permits are issued.
The pawnbroker needs:
- double doors;
- special lock;
- signaling;
- alarm button;
- special bars on the windows;
- bulletproof glass;
- safe;
- sheathing of walls with gratings of eighteen-millimeter rods and so on.
The design of the operating room is strict, business-like.
When accepting scrap of precious metals, you must definitely purchase at the Assay Office:
- a complete set of appropriate tools, reagents and consumables;
- electronic jewelry scales.
Naturally, you will need a computer, a printer, the Lombard program (its analogue). A fiscal registrar (KKM) is not needed if strict reporting forms are used.
Financial component
A pawnshop does not require a license to operate, and what is needed most of all is essential financial investments for its opening and operation.
How much money you need to open your own point depends on its location and direction of work and the city of work, to open a pawnshop in Moscow, of course, you will need to invest more money. Opening an average pawnshop in a residential area in the regional center will cost 800,000 rubles. A detailed list of costs is given in the table.
Start-up costs:
Financial indicators:
- the average monthly turnover of the establishment is 300,000 rubles;
- the average amount of issuance is 10,000 rubles;
- profit, consisting of the interest received and the surrender of gold for scrap, - 50,000 - 70,000 rubles per month;
- payback period - 2-3 years.
In order for this business to flourish, it is necessary to constantly increase the volume of loans issued by at least 200,000 rubles a month. Income will grow proportionally. A successfully functioning pawnshop has a minimum balance of collateral in the amount of at least 1,500,000 rubles, and the share of unredeemed property is up to 20%.
The risk of non-repayment of a loan in the pawnshop business is compensated by the low value at which collateral is initially accepted: the estimated value of the collateral, i.e. the ratio of the real price of a thing to the amount of money issued for it is from 80 to 50%.
Competition
The business is so successful that network pawnshops have appeared. They offer more favorable conditions to customers and occupy the most promising points of sale, gradually crowding out individual entrepreneurs.
During periods of crisis in this area, the level of competition increases sharply. In addition to the struggle for a client between the pawnshops themselves, it is necessary to take into account the work of various microfinance organizations. They offer a similar service (short-term loan for a small amount at a high interest), but do not require collateral.
Features of the functioning of the business
Pawnshops are rarely interested in the financial reliability of the client - his credit history, income. Transactions are made only on the passport. The exception is car pawnshops, which, in order to conclude contracts, also need documents for a car.
Pawnshops cannot repair or clean jewelry. However, if you register another entity with the appropriate direction of activity, then it will fulfill all necessary work. The pawnshop will provide raw materials, a colleague in the holding will ensure its restoration and facilitate the sale.
There is practically no seasonality in the pawnshop business, but turnover increases by 10% before and after the holiday season and holidays.
Often points have their own specialization - jewelry (70% of collateral), electronics and Appliances(10%), car pawnshops, furs, securities(15%) etc. Availability narrow specialist allows you to more accurately evaluate the thing, so as not to overpay for it.
car pawnshops
Auto repair shops or car parks often work with cars as collateral. Business needs:
- Production base - service station - for a competent assessment of the state of the machine and pre-sale preparation in case of refusal;
- Guarded parking for 30-40 cars;
- A large amount in circulation, because for each car, on average, you will need to lend about 250,000 rubles.
Furs
To work with furs, you need a specialist who can reliably evaluate a thing: identify the fur and its quality. The information on the label and the check may be unreliable.
A refrigerator is required to store fur coats.
Jewelry
Jewelry is accepted as scrap:
- the serviceability of watch movements is always doubtful;
- To determine the quality of stones, a highly qualified specialist is needed.
Determining the weight of a precious metal and its purity is much easier. Unclaimed scrap is sold to master jewelers.
Specialized enterprises work with antique and highly artistic products.
Summing up
If the outcome is unsuccessful in Moscow, a pawnshop can be sold for 1-3 million rubles, i.e. actually at cost. The return of all invested money in case of failure is also a good result, because for some time the enterprise was profitable.
Whether it is profitable to open a pawnshop, time and practice will show. People with an entrepreneurial streak have a profitability of about 30-40%. According to tacit professional statistics, about 40% of such enterprises constantly balance on the verge of collapse. The same number of newcomers are entering the market at the same time. Conclusion - business with a competent approach is very profitable.
Video: interview about the secrets of success from the owner of the pawnshop network
IN Lately The number of pawnshops is growing steadily. It is not surprising - after all, in a pawnshop you can get money very quickly and simply. There are no guarantors, credit history and so on. And the item pledged in the pawnshop can not be returned if there is no money. In this case, there will be no calls from the bank about the loan, lawsuits and collectors.
A pawnshop does not require many employees, a license, a large premises and a lot of special equipment. This business attracts people and more and more entrepreneurs are thinking about how to open a pawnshop. It is not very difficult to do this if you have enough money, but you need to thoroughly study the information about what you need to open a pawnshop.
Issue price
Anyone who is interested in how to open a pawnshop first of all wants to know about the costs of this type of business. The cost of opening a pawnshop cannot be unambiguously calculated. Everything will depend on what type of pawnshop you choose. Today there are, for example, automobile pawnshops. It is clear that a car is not a cheap thing, and even a million rubles will not be enough to open such a pawnshop.
But we will not focus on car pawnshops and consider classic pawnshops. By them, we mean pawnshops that accept only jewelry, or along with jewelry - watches, furs, leather, mobile phones and other equipment. In this case, opening a pawnshop will cost you over a million rubles.
Where to begin?
Of course, the first step is to study the market, to study competitors. How many pawnshops are there locality? How are they located? What are their hours of operation and what do they accept?
Perhaps you find out that there are very few pawn shops in your city or area of the city that accept electronics and appliances. And this will help you determine the specialization of your pawnshop. It is possible that most pawnshops work only on weekdays and not around the clock. In this case, if you open a 24-hour pawnshop that will work seven days a week, you will only win.
In other words, by studying your competitors, you can come up with the most favorable conditions for your potential clients. Without this stage, when opening a pawnshop - nowhere.
You can, of course, entrust the conduct marketing research professionals if you have extra money for it. Each such study is individual, and its cost cannot be unequivocally determined. But in the case of pawnshops, the cost is unlikely to be below thirty thousand rubles.
Based on the research, you need to decide on the type of pawnshop. Think carefully about what you will accept from the population. In general, it can be any liquid things.
After that, you should write a business plan for the future pawnshop. You can do it yourself if you do not want to give away the extra 20 thousand.
The worse the economic situation, the more in demand the services of pawnshops become. So, now a pawnshop is profitable business. In the article, we will consider how to open a pawnshop from scratch, what documents are needed for this and how much money is required.
How to open a pawnshop from scratch
By law, a pawnshop is a credit institution that issues loans secured by movable property. Often pawnshops have a specialization - for example, they only accept jewelry or cars, but there are also pawnshops general profile. That's why first step when starting a business - conducting market analysis and choosing a niche in demand in your city.
step two- calculation of expenses. They need to invest in:
- Registration
- Equipment
- Monthly expenses
- Opening
Based on monthly expenses calculate interest rate loans that you will issue secured by property.
Step Three - determine the location of the pawnshop. Win-win - busy street or popular shopping mall. However, a pawnshop can also successfully operate in a densely populated residential area - it is important to be accessible and visible.
Step Four - come up with a memorable name and attractive design, order a bright sign.
Step five - register a legal entity V tax office.
Keep in mind that the name of the legal entity must contain the word "pawnshop", and the charter must spell out the activities of the organization (loans, storage of valuables, consulting services).
Step Six and the most difficult when opening a pawnshop from scratch - obtaining permits, licenses and certificates. You need to register with Federal Service on financial monitoring and State Inspectorate Assay Supervision of the Russian State Assay Chamber. You will also need title documents for the premises (lease or sale agreement) and a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion with a list of types of services performed/rendered. In addition, you are obliged to insure the things accepted as collateral in favor of the pledgers.
According to the Federal Law of August 8, 2001 No. 128-FZ "On Licensing Certain Types of Activities", licensing of the activities of pawnshops is not provided.
step seven - recruitment. The success of your business depends on the qualifications of your employees. If an employee gives money for fake jewelry, problems cannot be avoided.
How much does it cost to open a pawn shop
Calculating the cost of opening a pawnshop is difficult. The amount of investment in this business depends primarily on the type of organization: for example, opening a car pawnshop will cost you the most. On average, the cost of opening a pawnshop in Russia is 1-1.5 million rubles.
You will have to spend a significant amount on rent / purchase of premises, which will still need to be equipped. You will need:
- Sheathe the room with a grate made of special metal wire
- Install alarm, panic button and video surveillance
- Hang storage shelving
You also need to buy:
- Several safes
- Computer
- Printer
- Cash machine
- Jewelry electronic balance
- Assay needles
- Touchstone
- Assay acids
- Reagent tubes
- Ringmeters
- Lamps with white, ultraviolet and other types of lighting
- Detectors for precious metals and stones
- Stationery
- office furniture
In addition, mandatory payments will “eat up” most of the costs:
- Employee salary
- Insurance
- Accounting
- Rent
Opening a pawnshop by law: requirements in 2017
The activities of pawnshops in Russia are regulated by many laws and regulations:
- No. 315-FZ of December 1, 2007 "On pawnshops"
- No. 197-FZ of July 19, 2007 "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts Russian Federation in connection with the adoption federal law"About pawnshops"
- No. 375-FZ of December 21, 2013 "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation"
- No. 363-FZ dated December 21, 2013 "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation and Recognizing as Invalid Certain Provisions of Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Adoption of the Federal Law "On Consumer Credit (Loan)""
- No. 353-FZ dated December 21, 2013 "On consumer credit (loan)"
- No. 151-FZ dated July 02, 2010 "On microfinance activities and microfinance organizations"
- No. 315-FZ of December 1, 2007 "On Self-Regulatory Organizations"
Taxation of pawnshops
According to Art. 346.12 tax code RF, pawnshops are not entitled to apply the simplified taxation system.
In addition, paragraph 5 of paragraph 3 of Art. 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation establishes: income received in the form of interest on loans is not subject to VAT, and storage activities are subject to VAT. Therefore, the organization needs to maintain separate accounting records.
Reporting of pawnshops
Like all companies leading commercial activity, pawnshops are required to report on their activities to the state:
- IN central bank RF: once a quarter - on activities, monthly - on cash transactions, once a year - on the personal composition of the governing bodies
- To Rosfinmonitoring: quarterly - FES-04 report, once a year - internal report of the CEO
How to open a pawnshop with less risk
If you are not ready to spend the time and effort to open a pawnshop from scratch, consider buying ready business or franchise.
By buying an operating pawnshop, you save time and money on obtaining permits, finding premises, hiring employees, concluding partnership agreements. This option is perfect for entrepreneurs with little experience - you do not have to build a company from scratch.
If you are not ready to manage the business on your own, you want to work under famous brand and get support, buy a franchise. It is in the interests of the franchisor to teach you all the business tricks and contribute to your success, which is especially important in the absence of entrepreneurial experience.
The pawnshop is profitable business, requiring significant investments at the opening stage. But with proper management, these costs will quickly pay off, and the profit will not keep you waiting.
How to open your own pawnshop from scratch? The question asked by an entrepreneur who decides to start his own business. But, before proceeding with the paperwork and finding a place for a pawnshop, it is worth drawing up a business plan and calculating how soon the investment will pay off.
On this question There can be no unequivocal answer, since it is necessary to take into account a number of factors that directly affect the profitability of a business, in particular:
- location of the pawnshop - it is desirable to locate the enterprise in places with high traffic of potential customers;
- the cost of rent - the higher the monthly payments, especially at the initial stage, the more difficult it is for the entrepreneur to recoup his costs and start making a profit;
- advertising effectiveness - well-organized PR campaigns attract customers;
- competitiveness - the business owner should study the demand for the services of organizations of this type in a particular area and figure out how exactly his pawnshop will be attractive to customers;
- trained staff - if unskilled employees work in the pawnshop, the owner will lose part of the profit due to their mistakes or inability to communicate with customers.
For the pawnshop owner, the most difficult period is considered to be the first half of the year from the date of opening, since at this time the company is only gaining momentum and often operates at a loss. For this reason, more than a third of pawnshops cease their activities at this time. After this period, profits begin to grow gradually, after a couple of years, even a small pawnshop begins to bring its owner about 100-150 thousand rubles a month.
But even compliance with the above conditions is not a guarantee of business profitability. For this reason, it is necessary to make detailed business plan, calculate all the costs and risks, then the probability of opening a profitable pawnshop will increase significantly.
What do you need to open your own pawnshop?
Before you decide to open a business, you should choose its specialization. So, pawnshops can be of the following types:
- car pawnshop- the organization accepts cars as collateral for the issued funds. Such a business is very profitable, but to organize its work, additional space will be required to accommodate machines.
- Antique- here, paintings, expensive fur clothes, old souvenirs, rare coins and other things of antique value are accepted as collateral.
- Technical- here, collateral items are household and other appliances that the client leaves in return for the money received.
- Jewelry is the most common type of business. In such pawnshops, precious metals and precious products made from them are accepted.
Often there are pawnshops of mixed types, in which, for example, a client can pawn both mobile phone and gold earrings. Such A complex approach allows you to get more profit and attract an increased number of customers.
An entrepreneur, even at the stage of making a decision to open a pawnshop, should study the legislative acts regulating the activities of the enterprise:
- federal law No. 196, which spells out the main aspects of the activity;
- order of Rosfinmonitoring No. 203 dated August 3, 2010, which spells out the requirements for education and training;
- order of the Ministry of Finance of 2001 under No. 68n, which lists the requirements for the activities of pawnshops dealing in precious stones and metals.
It is important to take into account that the legislation obliges pawnshops to apply the OSNO (general taxation system), while the storage of things accepted as collateral is subject to VAT, but the interest received is not. In accordance with this provision, the entrepreneur will be required to keep tax records for each type of activity.
Step-by-step instruction
The first thing to do at the opening planning stage is to study the market for these services. The businessman should:
- carefully calculate the risks, costs of opening and organizing an enterprise;
- find out how much pawnshops are in demand in a particular locality and area;
- whether there is competition, whether he will be able to offer customers more favorable conditions than those of competitors.
If preliminary economic calculations satisfy the entrepreneur the company should be registered with official bodies:
- Register with the tax office as an LLC, indicating the relevant OKVED 65.22.6., 74.14., 67.13.5.
- Register the pawnshop within thirty days from the date of registration with the Assay Office and Rosfinmonitoring.
- To insure in the selected company providing these services, the accepted things in favor of the mortgagors. It is advisable to take out insurance for any amount so that you do not have to insure each item separately.
Selection and preparation of premises
The choice of location should be approached responsibly: a considerable share of success depends on the location. So, the best place for a pawnshop there will be a shopping center or a separate room located in places with high customer traffic. It is very good if there is parking next to the pawnshop to be opened, and the premises themselves will be close to busy public transport stops.
The pawnshop does not need an expensive luxury environment - it is enough to put good chairs and a table in the area for clients, as well as equip the working area. But do not neglect security - you should install:
- alarm and panic button for quick security call;
- metal bars on the windows, in the place where the working and client areas are separated;
- metal doors;
- bulletproof glass;
- video surveillance system.
The set of equipment for work will depend entirely on the preferences of the entrepreneur and the type of pawnshop, but in any case, you will need:
- office equipment - printer, computer with licensed software, high-quality Internet, telephone;
- special equipment - to determine the authenticity of products, high-precision weighing equipment, etc.;
- retail store equipment- racks, counters, information boards, showcases, tables and chairs for staff, visitors.
Advertising
In order for as many customers as possible to know about the pawnshop, you should not spare money on advertising. First of all, you need to come up with a name for the pawnshop - it should be sonorous, memorable, not too long. Then you should order an eye-catching sign, which will indicate the name and mode of operation.
It will not be superfluous to order advertising in the media, hire promoters to distribute leaflets, organize enterprise groups in in social networks. An excellent solution is to hold a promotion on the opening days, for example: “For the first customers, the interest rate is halved!”.
Recruitment
To organize the work of a small pawnshop, a minimum staff is sufficient, consisting of qualified and certified workers:
- manager
- appraiser;
- security guard
- accountant;
- merchandiser.
Often the functions of several employees are assigned to one employee, but this is best done only if the pawnshop is small, otherwise the employee will not be able to cope with all the duties.
Business plan
When drawing up a business plan, the most important thing is to calculate all costs and estimated profitability, profit. So, it is advisable to open a pawnshop, the profitability of which is at least 30%.
When writing a business plan, it is important to consider the initial costs:
- for paperwork - 50,000 rubles;
- repair and equipping of the premises - 1,000,000;
- purchase of office equipment and equipment - from 300,000;
- advertising - 150,000.
The initial costs should include funds intended for issuance to pledgers (at least 9 million rubles), and money intended to finance activities before it goes into plus (at least 2 million).
You should also consider monthly costs, which include:
- pay wages employees - from 300,000 rubles;
- rent - individually, depending on the location of the premises, it can vary from several hundred to several thousand rubles per square meter;
- hiring security guards - from 150,000 rubles;
- other expenses, tax deductions - from 200,000 rubles.
To calculate the profitability of a business, you should calculate how many percent the net profit from the proceeds received will be. For example, with a million revenue, the profit is 142,200 rubles, respectively, the profitability of the enterprise will be only 14.2%. In the first months of operation, such indicators are not low, but after 3-6 months they should at least double - this will mean that the pawnshop pays for itself and begins to make a profit.
The average cost of opening a pawnshop will be 12,000,000 rubles, this amount will include:
- funds for issuing loans;
- initial expenses for the repair of the premises, the purchase of equipment, furniture, appliances;
- cash to fund activities in the first place.
With an average monthly revenue of 1,000,000 rubles and net profit at the same time, in the amount of 178 thousand rubles, the pawnshop will fully pay off in 84 months of work.
There is another option for opening your own pawnshop- Buying a franchise. This method will cost the entrepreneur more than self-opening, but will save on advertising (as a rule, franchisors provide all marketing materials). The advantage of opening a pawnshop under a franchise is brand recognition - people who want to get a secured loan more often turn to pawnshops with a famous name. And this fact is a guarantee of ensuring a constant flow of customers.
Main business benefits are the possibility of rapid development and high demand among the population for the services offered, so pawnshops are becoming more popular as the main type of entrepreneurial activity. With the application of due efforts, well-coordinated and accurate work, a sufficient amount of investment, a pawnshop will begin to generate income that will grow annually after six months from the date of opening.
