The Argentines found a submarine that sank a year ago. But they can't lift it.

Image copyright AFP Image caption Relatives of the crew members of the dead submarine gathered at the naval base

The Argentine military announced the discovery of the wreckage of the San Juan submarine that sank a year ago, on board of which there were 44 people.

Experts have already said that it will not be easy to raise the sunken submarine. This will require a huge effort and could cost over a billion dollars.

Argentine Defense Minister Oscar Aguad said at a press conference on Saturday that the country would not be able to raise the submarine to the surface on its own.

Explosion on board

The submarine disappeared on November 15, 2017, 430 km off the coast of Patagonia. The search operation, which was attended by specialists from the search and rescue squad of the Russian Navy, lasted two weeks.

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Only a year later, the submarine was found at a depth of 800 m. According to the Argentine Navy, the San Juan was found and identified by the American ship Seabed Constructor, owned by Ocean Infinity.

Hours before confirmation came, the Argentine military showed a photo of a 60-meter object on the ocean floor and assumed it was a missing submarine.

Judging by the first photos of her, there was definitely an explosion on her, according to the military.

"She doesn't look broken into pieces, but she certainly had an explosion," Navy spokesman Gabriel Attis said. He said that the hull of the boat was completely deformed as a result of the explosion, and the wreckage was scattered over 70 m.

Argentine President Mauricio Macri has declared a national three-day mourning for the dead crew members. A few days ago, he promised the relatives of the missing submariners that the search for the submarine would continue.

dead sailors

On board the submarine was the first in history Latin America female submariner Eliana Maria Krawczyk. She was the only woman on the team.

In her youth, Kravchik had nothing to do with the sea. She grew up in the small village of Obera in northeastern Argentina. She saw the ocean for the first time only at the age of 21.

In 2009, after graduating from the Naval Academy in Buenos Aires, she was trained to serve on a submarine. On the San Juan, she has served since 2016 as a captain - a kind of officer who is responsible for security on the ship.

And if none of the Eliana family was connected with the sea, then one of the senior officers on the submarine, Jorge Ignacio Bergallo, knew firsthand about sea ​​voyages since his father was a captain. In the past, Jorge Sr. managed the same boat on which his son died.

The current commander of the submarine was called Pedro Martin Fernandez. According to Argentine media, he promised his mother that this would be his last trip to the sea.

What happened to the submarine?

The diesel-electric submarine "San Juan" was returning to base from a routine trip to the area of ​​the city of Ushuaia on the island of Tierra del Fuego near the southernmost tip of the continent, when it received a signal about a breakdown in the electrical system.

According to the commander of the Argentine Navy, Gabriel Galeazzi, the boat rose to the surface to report to the shore about the accident, which the commander described as a short circuit in the battery.

The submarine was ordered to abort the mission and immediately return to the naval base at Mar del Plata.

According to a spokesman for the Argentine Navy, after the first report of the problem, the captain of the boat contacted the base again.

The last contact with the submarine took place at 7:30 am local time (10:30 GMT) on Wednesday, November 15, 2017. As previously reported, the captain reported that the members of the team were in order. What happened after that remains unknown.

Eight days after the submarine's disappearance, the Vienna-based Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization reported that some noise had been detected a few hours after the submarine's last contact.

The monitoring system of the organization, which allows you to detect nuclear tests, reported a hydroacoustic anomaly, which was recorded 60 km from the last known location of the submarine.

The Argentine Navy then suggested that it was an explosion aboard the submarine.

An "anomalous, single, short, powerful non-nuclear phenomenon" consistent with an explosion was recorded in the Atlantic Ocean, Navy spokesman Enrique Balbi said a year ago. According to him, water got into the submarine's snorkel, that is, into the air intake device.

Presumably, the ingress of water on the battery tray in the bow led to a short circuit and fire of the battery.

The San Juan submarine was built in Germany in the mid-1980s and had its engine and battery replaced five years before the accident, Peter Layton, of the Australian Griffith University, told CNN.

After the explosion, provided the hull was intact, the submarine could withstand staying at a depth of 500-600 meters, but not lower, Layton claims.

Death not immediately confirmed

According to the protocol established in the Argentine Navy, in peacetime, the submarine is required to make radio contact with the base twice a day.

Relatives of some crew members said they received text messages from sailors about some battery problems before contact with the submarine was lost.

Argentine Navy Captain Gabriel Galeazzi confirmed that a short circuit had occurred in the submarine's battery compartment. According to him, mechanical problems are not uncommon in the submarine fleet and usually do not pose any real threat.

"A warship has many redundant systems, which allows it to switch from one to another in the event of a breakdown," explains Galeazzi.

He also noted then that the submarine did not give a distress signal.

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On July 28, at the Sevmash shipbuilding complex in Severodvinsk, the Ulyanovsk multi-purpose nuclear submarine cruiser was laid down. It will be the sixth in the line of the Yasen-M project. About what ships make up the submarine fleet of the Russian armed forces - in the RBC photo gallery

Strategic missile submarines

Submarine "Podmoskovye" project 667BDRM "Dolphin"

Ships of this type are designed to strike with ballistic missiles at strategically important military-industrial targets of the enemy.

The Russian Navy is armed with 13 strategic missile submarines, including eight in service with Northern Fleet and five at the Pacific.

These are six Project 667BDRM Delfin missile cruisers, three missile cruisers project 667BDR "Kalmar", three nuclear missile submarines of project 955 "Borey", as well as one heavy nuclear missile submarine of project 941UM "Dmitry Donskoy".

Arctic expedition

Project 09786 special-purpose submarine BS-136 "Orenburg" assigned to the Northern Fleet is a modernized submarine of project 667BDR "Kalmar". During the expedition to collect information in the Arctic zone in 2012, Orenburg was the carrier of a unique nuclear deep-water station that collected soil samples to clarify the high-latitude boundary of the continental shelf in the Arctic.

Submarine "Podmoskovye" of project 667BDRM "Dolphin" was also upgraded according to project 09787, equipped with a special-purpose deep-sea submersible and handed over to the Navy in December 2016. As part of the fleet, it will replace the BS-136 Orenburg.

Submarine project "Borey" "Yuri Dolgoruky"

Boreas

The ships of the Borey project in the future should replace the submarines of the Kalmar and Dolphin projects. Currently, three Borey-class submarines are in service: Yuri Dolgoruky, Alexander Nevsky and Vladimir Monomakh. In total, by 2021, it is planned to build eight Boreys. The basis of their combat power is the Bulava intercontinental ballistic missiles. There are 16 missiles on board the ship, which can throw 96 nuclear charges over a distance of over 9,000 km.

Submarine "Dmitry Donskoy"

(Photo: Scanpix Denmark / Sarah Christine Noergaard / Reuters)

"Dmitry Donskoy"

The submarine "Dmitry Donskoy" is the last of the representatives of the project 941 "Shark", which are considered the largest and heaviest in the world. The ship underwent modernization and was re-equipped for Bulava missiles, in which it took part in testing. A total of 14 launches were performed, half of which were successful. It was reported that until the end of 2019, the issue of dismantling Dmitry Donskoy would not be raised and the submarine would take part in testing the upgraded Bulava-M intercontinental ballistic missile.

Multipurpose submarines

Ship project 971 "Pike-B"

Multi-purpose submarines are designed to destroy enemy surface ships, submarines, provide amphibious landings, fire support for troops, guard cargo ships and landing squads. The Russian Navy has 52 such submarines, including 24 from the Northern Fleet, 18 from the Pacific, eight from the Baltic and two from the Black Sea.

The main type of multi-purpose nuclear submarines

The main type of multi-purpose nuclear submarines Russian fleet are the ships of the project 971 "Pike-B" (pictured), which were developed on the basis of the submarines of the project 945 "Barracuda". The Russian Navy has 11 Schuka-B submarines and two Project 945 Barracuda submarines. In addition, the Pacific Fleet has two Project 945A submarines, which were also developed on the basis of Project 945 Barracuda.

Submarine "Severodvinsk"

New basic type

Project 971 "Pike-B" should be replaced by ships of project 885 "Ash". Today, the fleet has only one such submarine, the Severodvinsk. In March 2017, the second submarine of this project was launched, the transfer of which to the Navy is scheduled for 2018. The project is considered one of the most extraordinary for submarine fleet Russia. According to the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy Vladimir Korolev, the ships of the Yasen project have an integrated combat system, reduced noise and are the most modern in their class. Experts note that "Ash trees" are very difficult to detect in the world's oceans.

Underwater missile carrier of project 949A "Antey"

"Antey"

​ The Pacific and Northern Fleets are armed with eight Project 949A Antey submarines armed with Granit cruise missiles. Ships of this class are leaders in the number of launchers on one carrier. By 2025, it is planned to equip four Antey with Caliber cruise missiles. Project 949A submarines, together with Tu-22M3 bombers of the Russian Navy aviation, are the main means of countering US Navy aircraft carrier strike groups.

It is expected that in 2018, the Belgorod scientific submarine of project 09852, which is a rebuilt submarine missile carrier of project 949A Antey, will enter the Navy. With a length of 184 m, it should become the largest in the world.

Project 636 submarine "Varshavyanka"

"Halibut" and "Varshavyanka"

The Russian fleet includes 16 Project 877 Halibut submarines in various modifications, as well as six Project 636 Varshavyanka submarines developed on their basis. These submarines are considered among the quietest in their class, for which the NATO military unofficially nicknamed them "black holes" in the ocean.

The main weapon of "Varshavyanka" - cruise missiles "Caliber". It was from the Varshavyanka in 2015 that the Caliber was launched at the command posts of terrorists in Syria. In 2009-2017, Russia delivered six submarines of the Varshavyanka project to Vietnam under a contract worth $2 billion. Algeria is the operator of two Project 636 submarines, and China is the operator of ten more.

Assistant to the President of Russia for military-technical cooperation Vladimir Kozhin noted that Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand want to purchase Project 636 submarines, since today this is the most demanded submarine.

The lead ship "St. Petersburg"

"Lada"

Another development of the Halibut project was project 677 Lada, the lead ship of which, the St. Petersburg, has been undergoing trial operation in the Northern Fleet since 2010. This submarine is also distinguished by a reduced noise level and is armed with Caliber missiles. It is diesel-electric submarines of the Lada type that will become the main project for the Russian non-nuclear submarine forces.

Submarine project 671RTMK "Pike"

Three Project 671RTMK Pike submarines remain in the Northern Fleet, which, according to media reports, are planned to be decommissioned soon.

Submarine fleet: "Boreas" catches up with "Ohio", and goes away from "Virginia"

The Swedish newspaper Svenska Dagbladet published a highly curious article on the strategic submarine fleet. It is curious, first of all, because the publication, which had never dealt with military-technical topics before, suddenly issued a rating of the most “lethal” nuclear submarines on the mountain. which speaks volumes about the overwhelming degree of anti-Russian hysteria. Everyone is waiting in horror for the start of the widely announced Russian invasion by Western politicians.

The rating is discouraging. Five submarines hit it, which are placed in places not according to combat characteristics, but exclusively depending on the dimensions and weight of iron. Moreover, the weight of the boat among the Swedes for some reason is equal not to the surface, but to the underwater displacement. That is iron plus water pumped in for ballast. Therefore, when listing the boats included in the rating, we are forced to measure the “weight” by the “full displacement” in tons below.

Here are the "great five":

1. "Shark" project 941 (length - 173 m, displacement - 48 thousand tons). Operated since 1981.

2. "Borey" project 955 (170 m, 24 thousand tons). The first boat - "Yuri Dolgoruky" - was transferred to the Russian Navy in 2013.

3. "Ohio" (170 m, 19 thousand tons). An American boat that is the same age as the Shark.

4. "Dolphin" project 667BDRM (167 m, 18 thousand tons). Belongs to the family of Soviet strategic submarines "Delta". The beginning of operation - the middle of the 80th years.

5. "Vegard" (150 m, 16 thousand tons). British boat, began to enter the fleet in the early 90s.

The article is replete with significant errors. Thus, the Ohio is named the record holder in firepower on the basis that it can be equipped with 154 Tomahawk cruise missiles. However, since the beginning of the 90s, nuclear Tomahawks, in accordance with the START-1 treaty, have been put under the knife. And the Swedes ranked as strategic submarines those Ohio boats that were converted into cruise missile submarines with a non-nuclear warhead. That is, in multi-purpose submarines.

The most masterpiece information contained in the article is as follows: “TK-208“ Dmitry Donskoy ”(“ Shark ”) could not go under water in the Baltic Sea, as it is designed for salt water - he would just sink like a stone if I tried to do it in water with such a low salt concentration.

A lot of words were written when comparing submarines, but the main thing remained outside the article - Borey is the only strategic submarine in the world fourth generation. So, based on this, emphasis should be placed and a comparative assessment should be carried out. Indeed, there are three nuclear boats fourth generation - Russian "Ash", American "Sivulf" and "Virginia". But they are multi-purpose attack and do not have ballistic nuclear missiles. That is, they do not belong to the naval component of the nuclear triad, which is a deterrent weapon.

However, information occasion, in connection with which the Swedes played this clowning, deserves serious attention. The launch is due this month. the fourth submarine of the project "Borey" - "Prince Vladimir". So, this is no longer quite Borey - this strategic submarine belongs to the modernized project 955U Borey-A with improved characteristics.

Although the basic version of the submarine is superior in combat capabilities to the American strategic submarine Ohio. First of all, she has lower noise level. This was achieved through a whole range of constructive measures. The case is covered with noise-absorbing material from one of the latest developments in the field of materials science. When installing the equipment, two-level depreciation was used - rubber-cord and pneumatic. A water cannon was used as a propeller. And, finally, the hull geometry is maximally “licked” in order to obtain the best streamlining.

Second the most important characteristic modern submarines - ability detect the enemy using hydroacoustic systems at maximum distance. That is, before he hears you. The Borea is equipped with the Irtysh-Amphora-B-55 hydroacoustic complex (HAC), which provides both passive and active direction finding. It solves the whole complex of combat missions, including direction finding and identification of targets, search for mines and detection of torpedoes, hydroacoustic communications, measurement of ice thickness, measurement of the speed of sound.

According to the developers, the Borea SJSC is superior in capabilities to the similar complex of the Virginia multi-purpose submarine. This is extremely important. Because the threat to strategic missile submarines is not submarines of a similar profile. Borea and Ohio combat missions do not include hunting each other. This is the task of multi-purpose boats - "Virginia" and "Ash".

If you look at this problem on the “American side”, the difference in the generations of “Ash” and “Ohio” gives our “hunter”, on which the new generation HAC also stands, a certain advantage.

And finally armament. That is, for the sake of which strategic submarines are created. The Borea is equipped with 16 solid-fuel three-stage Bulava ICBMs, each of which is capable of carrying up to 10 warheads of 100 kt each or 4 units of 200 kt each.

If we compare firepower with " Ohio”, then the American boat has, indeed, more - 24 Trident-2 ICBMs. And each rocket can carry up to 8 blocks of 475 kt or 12 blocks of 100 kt. And the range differs not in our favor - 8300 km versus 11000 km. However, the missiles are of different ages, the Bulava is a completely new development of the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering. It uses the latest advances in overcoming missile defense enemy: short active flight segment (with running engines), flat trajectory, heading and pitch maneuvering and more advanced means electronic warfare. Of course, it is important how much and what the strategic submarine fires. But no less important is how much and what will reach the goal.

At the beginning of the year, information appeared from sources in the defense department that modernization of the Bulava in order to increase the flight range and payload mass. Presumably, the power will be increased by increasing the size of the rocket. To do this, in order not to redo the launch silos on the Borei, the designers will abandon the transport and launch container in which the missile is located on board the boat.

The boat itself, as was said, has already been modernized. And "Prince Vladimir" became the flagship of the updated series. According to the same project 955U "Borey-A", 4 more submarines will be built - "Prince Oleg", "Generalissimo Suvorov", "Emperor Alexander III"and" Prince Pozharsky. They are already under construction. The transfer of the last two of them is scheduled for 2020.

The boats of this series differ from the first three "Boreev" - "Yuri Dolgoruky", "Alexander Nevsky" and "Vladimir Monomakh" - better stealth, more advanced means of detection, communication and weapon control. They have improved crew habitability and survivability. By the way, in the first three boats there are means of rescuing the entire crew - a pop-up camera.

However, in the next decade in Russia there may appear New episode strategic submarines. Last week Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Valery Gerasimov told TASS that the Central Design Bureau of MT "Rubin" began to create the next modification - "Borey-B". It is quite clear that this submarine should have more capabilities than the previous two series. It was said about Borea-A that it would be equipped with 20 launch silos. However, this information was later refuted. It is quite possible that future boats will have exactly 20 missiles. And even they will catch up with the Ohio, which has 24 Tridents on board.

Nuclear submarines USS Nebraska, Severstal Akula, Borey. Polygon. TV show. WeaponTV

Comparison of a strategic nuclear submarine strike (955 Boreas, 941 Akula, 667 Kalmar, Ohio)

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