The tallest TV towers in the world
Construction (1960s)
Comparison of a tower with a 22-story building
At the time of completion of construction, about 10,000,000 people lived in the transmitter coverage area, today [ When?] the tower covers an area with a population of over 15,000,000 people. The TV tower belongs to the branch of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network" - "Moscow Regional Center".
Story
Design
An all-Union competition was held for best project TV tower, which was won by the Kiev Design Institute, which specialized in steel structures and proposed an openwork metal tower similar to the Eiffel tower in Paris. The application did not arouse enthusiasm among the architects who were to implement the project, and a member of the competition commission, a specialist in reinforced concrete and metal structures Nikolai Nikitin came up with an unexpected alternative proposal - to make the tower out of concrete. A similar project was successfully completed 2 years earlier in, so Nikitin's opinion was listened to, and the engineer was given the opportunity to prepare his own application. The design he proposed was based on the developments of Yuri Kondratyuk, the author of the unrealized project for the Crimean wind farm on Mount Ai-Petri, whose assistant Nikitin worked in the 1930s. Kondratyuk conceived the concrete structure of the wind farm as thin and hollow, and its strength was to be provided by energized steel ropes. In Nikitin's project, the prevention of deformation and destruction of the concrete frame from separate round blocks was also provided by 149 tensioned cables. Nikitin claimed that he developed the project in 1 night, and the inverted lily, a flower with strong petals and a thick stem, that the engineer dreamed of in a dream, became the prototype of the cone-shaped base of the tower. However, Nikitin was not the first to propose such a solution: in 1932, the Italian engineer Pier Luigi Nervi, popular in the Soviet Union, submitted to one of the competitions a 300-meter slender tower that grew from a cone-shaped base and topped with a metal mast. The Nikitin tower differed from the Nervi project in having a longer barrel and a wider base.
Construction
Nikitin's project was approved decisions of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Executive Committee of the Moscow Council of the General design organization became the State Union Design Institute of the USSR Ministry of Communications, development architectural solution was entrusted to the Mosproekt Institute, Glavmosstroy was appointed as the general contractor [ ] . Nikitin was appointed chief designer, with engineers Boris Zlobin, Vladimir Travush, Viktor Khandzhi and Moses Shkud working with him, who also acted as an architect. Leonid Batalov, the head of workshop No. 7 of Mosproekt, was appointed chief architect, and architects Dmitry Burdin and Lev Shchipakin also took part in the development of the artistic side of the project. Construction began in the summer of 1960, even before the final approval of the project: in July 1960, the SU-60 of the Stroitel trust entered the construction site; at the end of September, the first reinforced concrete blocks were laid at the base of the TV tower [ ] . In the spring of 1961, construction was suspended due to doubts about the reliability of the shallow foundation proposed by Nikitin, from 3.5 to 4.6 meters - less than that of a standard factory pipe. The engineer was confident in his calculations, but agreed to increase the base by 1.5 meters wide and 2.25 meters deep. Also, on the recommendation of the author of the Stuttgart TV tower, German engineer Fritz Leonhardt (de: Fritz Leonhardt), the number of supports was increased from 4 to 10. The final design of the Ostankino TV tower was approved on March 22, 1963, and work resumed, and last change there was an increase in height from the design 505 meters to 540 (with a flagpole).
The finished look of the tower was given by the architects. They added arches between the supports, built a glazed cylinder under the tower's shaft to house technical services and live broadcast studios, cut through the top of the cone with porthole windows, giving the tower a rocket-like appearance. At 325-360 meters, the tower received an extension the size of a 10-story building, which housed equipment, a 3-story revolving restaurant and an observation deck borrowed from the Stuttgart TV tower project. On the balconies and the trunk of the tower there were equipment for radio relay lines, mobile television stations, radiotelephone communications, objects of special services and a meteorological complex. In November 1967, at the time of the grand opening of the TV tower dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution, the work was not completed and a compromise decision was made: on November 4, the television signal left the tower for the first time, on November 5, an act of the State Commission on the commissioning of the first turn of the Hardware and Studio Complex, which included a TV tower, and the second turn was commissioned on December 26, 1968. Only it took about 2 more months to turn all the city antennas towards the new TV tower. An observation deck and a restaurant opened in 1969. Upon completion, the Ostankino TV Tower became the tallest building in the world. By a decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, she received the honorary title "named after the 50th anniversary of October", and in 1970 Nikitin, Zlobin, Shkud, Burdin and Shchipakin were awarded the Lenin Prize in Science and Technology.
Incidents
On August 27, 2000, at an altitude of over 400 meters, high-frequency cables flared up due to overvoltage, which led to a major fire at the Ostankino television tower. The burning of the polyethylene sheath of the feeders led to the rapid spread of fire inside the tower shaft. The first fire brigades arrived 11 minutes after the fire and tried to stop the vertical spread of fire with asbestos sheets, but drops of burning polyethylene penetrated through the cracks formed due to the complex shape of the internal structures of the tower. Because of internal organization Rescuers with equipment were forced to overcome the rise from 381 to 420 meters along a narrow vertical metal staircase unsuitable for evacuation, and the task of the first few hours was to protect the structures of the elevators that were used to descend people from fire. During August 27, the fire spread to a height of 80 meters, 2,400 people, 269 pieces of equipment and 4 fire helicopters took part in extinguishing the fire. The fight against fire lasted more than a day - until the evening of August 28.
In the fire, 3 floors of the tower were completely burned out, 121 tense steel ropes became unusable, the power supply and communications systems were damaged. High-speed elevators collapsed along with the structures, in one of them 3 people died: the fire brigade commander, who was rising to the fire, the elevator operator and the repairman. Due to the loss of a significant part of the equipment, the broadcasting of the main TV channels to Moscow and the Moscow region was temporarily interrupted. In the first days after the fire, the broadcasts of ORT and RTR were merged, and NTV programs were partially broadcast on TNT, and partially on Channel Five (Culture TV channel). The operation of the meter channels was fully restored by September 4, part of the decimeter channels by September 5, and for another year and a half, broadcasting was partially organized through the television center on Shabolovka and the Shukhov tower. The fire resistance of the concrete shaft of the tower made it possible to continue its operation in parallel with the reconstruction in 2000-2007. In 2009, the excursion service for the guests of the tower was resumed, in 2011, an open observation deck at an altitude of 340 meters reopened, and the Seventh Heaven restaurant at an altitude of 328-334 meters, completely destroyed by a fire in 2000, opened only in 2016.
Design
Vertical panorama of the Ostankino TV tower
Lift systems
Entrance to the lift gate
Initially, German R.Stahl elevators stood in the Ostankino TV tower. During the fire in 2000 due to high temperatures almost all the cables of all the elevators burst, which caused them to fall. In one of the cabins then there were 3 people, none of them survived.
4 new elevators were produced at the ThyssenKrupp plant in 2003, but their installation was completed only on November 21, 2005. Also, one service elevator from the Shcherbinsky plant was installed in the building. Also, SHCHLZ designed one of the two elevators, which should be located in the antenna part of the TV tower. Elevators No. 6 and 7, located above the observation deck and going to a mark of approximately 450 meters, this moment do not work, and, perhaps, their restoration is not planned due to the fact that the elevator shafts are clogged with cables and feeders. As of September 2017, 5 elevators are operating: 4 high-speed elevators of the ThyssenKrupp concern and one service elevator of the Shcherbinsky Elevator Plant.
High-speed elevators have the following characteristics: Two passenger:
- Speed - 7 m/s.
- Load capacity - 1000 kg.
- Number of stops - 13.
Cargo-passenger:
- Speed - 7 m/s.
- Load capacity - 1000 kg.
- Number of stops - 47.
Restaurant:
- Speed - 4 m/s.
- Load capacity - 500 kg.
- Number of stops - 9.
Machine units of high-speed elevators are installed at 360 and 364 meters. The speed of the elevators can be automatically reduced by signals from sensors that control the swing amplitude of the tower. Also, elevators are equipped with a unique system in which contactless transmission of electricity to the elevator cabin is carried out due to inductive energy transfer according to the principle of a transformer. To do this, elements of inductive energy transfer are placed in the shaft, and current collectors are fixed on the cabin.
The fire of 2000 completely destroyed the interiors of the "Seventh Heaven", and its restoration was delayed for 16 years: at first the project did not have an investor, and then the requirements of the Russian Emergencies Ministry, introduced after the fire, became an obstacle, according to which the number of visitors at the same time on the tower was limited to 50 people. "Seventh Heaven" resumed work at the end of 2016.
observation decks
View through the glass floor of the observation deck (height ≈337 m)
There are three viewing platforms for visitors on the tower: at heights of 147 and 269 meters, which few people know about, and at a height of 337 meters, where tourists are usually raised and where there are three Seventh Heaven restaurants. During the 30 years of the tower's existence, over 10 million guests have visited the observation deck and the restaurant. In 1997, a glass floor was made on the observation deck (first appeared on the tower in Toronto in 1994). Above the closed area there is an open area, access to which is open in good weather in summer.
media facade
Ostankino TV tower at night
In 2014, media facades (LED screens) were installed on two tiers of the Ostankino TV Tower: the lower level - at a height of 83-128 meters, the second level - at a height of 146-192 meters. total area the surface of the screens of two tiers amounted to 3753 square meters. m. The installation was carried out for the use of media facades during the annual festival "Circle of Light" in October 2014. At the end of the festival, it was decided to continue using the media facade for evening and festive illuminations and for advertising purposes.
In culture
- New Year's Blue Light 1967/68 was filmed and dedicated to the new TV tower.
Sport
Concert hall
The concert hall of the Ostankino television tower "Ostankino" is located in the building of the excursion building, which houses the directorate of the Moscow Regional Center of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network". During the work of the observation deck, the concert hall was used as a cinema hall for showing videos about the Ostankino Tower, Ostankino and television. Now the Ostankino Concert Hall hosts various concerts, theatrical performances, conferences, seminars and other events.
stalls: 360 amphitheater: 392Stage size: 18×9×8.5. Equipped with: intermission-sliding curtain, 7 mechanical lifts, three stage lighting trusses, "Starry Sky" on the back of the stage and three backstage plans.
TV channels, multiplexes and radio stations transmitted by the tower
Every week on the night of Monday to Tuesday from 1:45 to 6:00 broadcasting is suspended. The tower is undergoing preventive maintenance. In addition, channels broadcasting in analog format have an additional periodic shutdown for maintenance according to the established schedule. In addition, digital multiplexes go for maintenance according to their schedules from 6 am to 2 pm: the first multiplex - every 2nd Tuesday of the month, the second - every 3rd Wednesday, the additional one - every 4th Thursday.
TV channels and multiplexes
Television transmitters are located on the fifth floor of the base of the TV tower. Television transmitting antennas occupy four antenna sections of the tower and are located at heights of 389-421 and 454-523 meters. Several antennas (reserve and low power) are located at an altitude of 345-364 meters. Antenna polarization is horizontal.
| TV channel or multiplex | frequency channel | Transmitter power, kW | Antenna suspension height, m | Coverage radius, km* | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Match! A country | 6 | 2 | 486 | 85 | Broadcasting from 02.03.2019. |
| Che | 23 | 10 | 420 | 100 | |
| Second multiplex RTRS-2 | 24 | 10 | 400 | 90 | DVB-T2. There is no coding. Broadcasting with a power of 10 kW started on 12/11/2013 at 10:10. |
| Disney Channel | 29 | 10 | 420 | 100 | |
| The first multiplex RTRS-1 | 30 | 10 | 400 | 90 | DVB-T2. There is no coding. Broadcasting with a power of 10 kW started on 03/19/2012 at 8:50. |
| Additional multiplex | 34 | 10 | 400 | 100 | DVB-T2. Broadcasting since 01/15/2015. There is no coding (except for "Match Premier"). |
| TNT | 35 | 5 | 478 | 95 | In parallel, broadcasting is carried out from the Oktod radio and television tower. |
| 51 | 20 | 478 | 100 | ||
| First multiplex RTRS-1 (double) | 58 | 0,3 | 419 | 15 | DVB-T2. There is no coding. 4 PLP streams (for 30 TVCs 3 PLP streams). Broadcasting started on 06/03/2019. Previously, an experimental multiplex with one channel in UltraHD format (resolution 3840x2160, HEVC codec, bit rate 30 Mb) was broadcast on the frequency (from 08/03/2016 to 06/03/2019) |
| Super | 60 | 5 | 419 | 95 | |
| * The area of stable reception is marked, the total reception area is even larger, is an approximate value, depends on the used TV receiver, antenna and the height of the suspension of the latter. | |||||
| TV channel or multiplex | frequency channel | Transmitter power, kW | Antenna suspension height, m | Coverage radius, km* | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First channel | 1 | 40 | 404 | 130 | NICAM stereo , teletext , 14:9 letterbox , frequency and time references . Broadcasting stopped on 05/13/2019. |
| TV Center | 3 | 40 | 467 | 120 | NICAM stereo, teletext, radio program for the blind. Broadcasting stopped on 05/13/2019. |
| NTV | 8 | 40 | 486 | 105 | Teletext, subtitles. |
| Russia 1 | 11 | 60 | 497 | 120 | |
| 360 News | 25 | 10 | 454 | 110 | Broadcasting stopped on 12/31/2019. |
| STS | 27 | 5 | 454 | 100 | Broadcasting stopped on 04/15/2019. |
| Home | 31 | 20 | 513 | 115 | Broadcasting stopped on 04/15/2019. |
| Car multiplex | 32 | 1,3 | 360 | 25 | DVB-T. Broadcasting was actually stopped in 2018; shortly before the shutdown, it switched to open broadcasting. |
| culture | 33 | 20 | 513 | 115 | Teletext, subtitles. Broadcasting stopped on 04/15/2019. |
| Friday! | 38 | 10 | 454 | 110 | Stereo NICAM. Broadcasting stopped on 04/15/2019. |
| Channel Five | 44 | 5 | 410 | 105 | Teletext. Broadcasting stopped on 04/15/2019. |
| TV-3 | 46 | 5 | 421 | 100 | Broadcasting stopped on 04/15/2019. |
| REN TV | 49 | 20 | 421 | 95 | Broadcasting stopped on 04/15/2019. |
| Star | 57 | 5 | 419 | 85 | Broadcasting stopped on 04/15/2019. |
| * The area of stable reception is marked, the total reception area was even larger. It is an approximate value, it depends on the used television receiver, antenna and the height of the suspension of the latter. | |||||
radio stations
All radio stations are broadcast in two VHF bands with FM: 65.90-74.00 MHz (VHF OIRT) and 87.5-108.0 MHz (VHF CCIR). Broadcasting VHF transmitters are located on the sixth floor of the base of the TV tower. Broadcast transmitting antennas occupy one antenna section of the tower and are located at a height of 421-454 meters. Antenna polarization is horizontal. At all CCIR stations, except Orpheus, RDS signals are transmitted (basically only the station name, frequency and PTY identifier).
| Name | Frequency, MHz | power, kWt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Radio Russia, Radio 1 | 66,44 | 10 | |
| Business FM | 87,50 | 5,0 | |
| Retro FM | 88,30 | 5,0 | |
| Radio Jazz | 89,10 | 5,0 | |
| Echo of Moscow | 91,20 | 5,0 | RDS-CT (time) |
| Kommersant FM | 93,60 | 5,0 | |
| Moscow speaking | 94,80 | 5,0 | RDS-CT |
| Rock FM | 95,20 | 5,0 | RDS-CT |
| Road Radio | 96,0 | 5,0 | |
| Orpheus | 99,20 | 5,0 | |
| Radio Vera | 100,90 | 5,0 | |
| DFM | 101,20 | 10,0 | |
| Radio Monte Carlo | 102,10 | 5,0 | |
| Radio Maximum | 103,70 | 10,0 | |
| Russian radio | 105,70 | 10,0 | |
| Europa Plus | 106,20 | 10,0 |
Notes
- List of tallest buildings and structures in the world
- From 1974 until the collapse in 1991, the tallest building in Europe was the Warsaw Radio Mast
- Andrey Khoroshevsky. Ostankino Tower// 100 famous symbols of the Soviet era. - M. : Folio, 2006. - 512 p. - ISBN 966-03-3385-4.
- Anna Bronovitskaya, Nikolai Malinin, Olga Kazakova. Moscow. The architecture of Soviet modernism 1955 - 1991 Handbook-guide. - M. : Garage, 2016. - S. 72-75. - 328 p. - ISBN 978-5-9905612-7-4.
- History of the Ostankino TV Tower (indefinite) . Amateur (August 27, 2015). Retrieved December 20, 2017.
The Royal Concert Hall is located in the heart of television and radio broadcasting - at the foot of the Ostankino TV Tower. Today, the concert hall, designed for 750 spectators and equipped with modern sound and lighting equipment, is one of the most popular venues among organizers of events of various formats: conferences, seminars, presentations, corporate events, concerts, performances, television filming, fashion shows, festivals, various show programs, receptions, banquets and other events.
In 1999, the concert hall, dressing rooms, foyer, located on two floors, were reconstructed.
The concert hall is cozy, chamber - 750 seats: stalls - 358 seats and an amphitheater - 392 seats. The chairs are velvet, comfortable, the stage is clearly visible from any row.
Stage: size 18 x 9 x 8.5, equipped with intermission - sliding curtain, seven mechanical lifts, sliding back on the big screen. The stage clothes are black velvet: two backdrops, two backstage plans, two borders.
The Concert Hall is equipped with modern sound and lighting equipment, which allows solving a wide range of tasks from concerts and theatrical performances to television filming.
Sound:
Unique acoustics - business card concert hall. During the modernization of the concert hall equipment, an acoustic and sound amplifying system was installed by the world leader in the production and supply of sound equipment - the company "NEXO".
The sound equipment of the concert hall is ideal for holding events of various formats: concerts, corporate events, presentations, seminars and conferences, show programs and musical and dramatic performances.
Also for events in the concert hall there is a projection screen with a 4x5 m projector, as well as a 3x4 m screen in the foyer of the concert hall.
Light:
For theatrical and variety productions, 3 spotlights have been installed in the Royal Concert Hall. Additional lighting is provided by a tracking light spotlight.
For show concerts, the equipment of the hall can be supplemented with any lighting equipment for the implementation of show projects of any complexity.
To demonstrate films and presentation materials in the concert hall, there are 2 projection screens - 4x5 m, located at the back of the stage in the auditorium and 3x4 m, located in the lobby.
The Royal Concert Hall is one of the best cultural and entertainment venues in the capital. The schedule is rich with numerous concerts and events of a wide scale. Concert Hall Royal, you can buy tickets for the concert today on our website. It is best to purchase tickets to the Royal Concert Hall in advance. free shipping within the Moscow Ring Road. You can find out about the price and cost of the ticket from our managers by calling our number 8 495 921-34-40.
Concert Hall Royal tickets
Unlike the official sites, on our site you will always find concert tickets to the Royal Concert Hall. Tickets are delivered a maximum of two hours before the start of the event. In case of great excitement, our company can make concessions and bring tickets directly to the Royal Concert Hall, you just have to coordinate this option with our manager in advance. We offer you the most complete concert poster of the Royal Concert Hall with the ability to order tickets directly from the site. In our poster you will find events for every taste: the best concerts, sporting events, concerts with high hype.
Address: Moscow, st. Academician Koroleva, 15.The Royal Concert Hall is an ideal venue for concerts of any level, attracting with its intimacy, technical sound, light and video projection equipment, as well as geographic location- the hall is located on the territory of the Ostankino television tower, the highest building in Europe. The stars of the modern scene have repeatedly performed on the stage of the concert hall. Today, the "Royal" is a multifunctional modern hall, equipped with modern sound and lighting equipment, which allows holding events of any format and complexity. The auditorium is cozy, chamber - 752 seats. The stage is clearly visible from any row. Stage: size 18 x 7 x 8.5, equipped with an intermission-sliding curtain, seven mechanical lifts, a sliding backdrop on a large screen. The stage clothes are black velvet: two backdrops, two backstage plans, two borders.
How to get there: From metro station Alekseevskaya, trolleybus 37, 9 - stop. "St. Akademika Korolev". From VDNKh metro station, then trolleybus 13, 15 to the stop "Excursion building of the TV tower" or trolleybus 36, 73 to the stop "Ulitsa Akademika Koroleva". Entrance to the territory from the street. Novomoskovskaya
The Royal Concert Hall is located at the foot of the Ostankino TV Tower. And if you are interested in any event held in it, then purchase on concert at KZ Royal tickets definitely worth it. It is equipped with modern sound, light and video projection equipment, which allows holding seminars, conferences, presentations, corporate events, banquets, receptions, concerts, theatrical performances and television shootings.
The auditorium is cozy, chamber, designed for 752 seats. Of these, the parterre occupies 360 seats, and the amphitheater - 392 seats. Buy tickets to KZ Royal definitely worth it to anyone who pays attention to comfort, as the velvet seats are very comfortable and the stage is clearly visible from any row.
As for the poster, the Royal Concert Hall opens its doors to concerts by the best performers of the Russian stage. The largest number the concerts of Vika Tsyganova and Alexander Chumakov received reviews. In addition to excellent acoustics and lighting, there is a high-quality laser show from the additional equipment. Tickets for a concert at KZ Royal will give vivid impressions, so you should definitely purchase them using the VipTicket website.
Concert hall at the foot of Ostankino
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