Presentation on the topic "I. Turgenev: life and creative path." Literature presentation on the topic "I.S. Turgenev

Kryazheva Elena Anatolyevna, teacher of the Russian language and literature, School No. 48 of the Primorsky district of St. Petersburg IVAN SERGEEVICH TURGENEV LIFE AND CREATIVITY Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev

• Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich
(1818 - 1883) - famous Russian writer.
• Born October 28, 1818 in Orel. His father, Sergei Nikolaevich, a retired cuirassier colonel, was a remarkably handsome man, insignificant in his moral and mental qualities.
• Mother, nee Lutovinova, a wealthy landowner; in her estate Spasskoye-Lutovinovo (Mtsensk district, Oryol province) passed the childhood years of the future writer, who early learned to feel nature subtly and hate serfdom.

Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich

Turgenev at the age of 12 and 20

• One of the strongest impressions of early youth (1833), falling in love with Princess E. L. Shakhovskaya, who at that time was having an affair with Turgenev's father, was reflected in the story First Love (1860).

E. L. Shakhovskaya

Moscow University 19th century Moscow University 19th century Moscow University in the 21st century

• In May 1838, Turgenev went to Germany (the desire to complete his education was combined with the rejection of the Russian way of life based on serfdom). Until August 1839, Turgenev lives in Berlin, listens to lectures at the university, studies classical languages, writes poetry, communicates with T. N. Granovsky, N. V. Stankevich.
• After a short stay in Russia in January 1840 he went to Italy, but from May 1840 to May 1841 he was again in Berlin. Arriving in Russia in January 1843, Turgenev entered the service of the Ministry of the Interior.

Pauline Viardot (Viardot Garcia)

• November 1, 1843 Turgenev meets the singer Pauline Viardot (Viardot Garcia), love for which will largely determine the external course of his life.

The most significant work of the young Turgenev - cycle of essays "Notes of a hunter" (1847-1852), condemning serfdom. This book had a great influence on the development of Russian literature and brought the writer worldwide fame.

The same sentiments are imbued with the novels Mumu (1854) and Inn (1855) adjoining the Notes.

From 1847, Turgenev completely stopped writing poetry, except for a few small comic letters to friends and "ballads". Until July 1856, Turgenev lives in Russia: in the winter, mainly in St. Petersburg, in the summer in Spassky. acquaintances with I. A. Goncharov, L. N. Tolstoy and A. N. Ostrovsky took place. Rudin (1856) opens a series of Turgenev novels, compact in volume, unfolding around the hero-ideologist. novel "Rudin"- a kind of result of Turgenev's thoughts about the leading hero of our time, followed by the stories "Faust" (1856) and "Asya" (1858), the novels The Nest of Nobles (1859), Fathers and Sons (1862),"Smoke" (1867), "New" (1877).

• In 1863 there is a new rapprochement between Turgenev and Pauline Viardot; until 1871 they live in Baden, then (at the end of the Franco-Prussian war) in Paris. Turgenev closely converges with G. Flaubert and through him with E. and J. Goncourt, A. Daudet, E. Zola, G. de Maupassant; he assumes the function of an intermediary between Russian and Western literatures.
• His all-European fame is growing: in 1878, at the international literary congress in Paris, the writer was elected vice president; in 1879 he received an honorary doctorate from Oxford University. Turgenev maintains contacts with Russian revolutionaries (P. L. Lavrov, G. A. Lopatin) and provides material support to emigrants.

Turgenev's house in the Yaseni estate in Bougival

By the end of his life, Turgenev's fame reached its climax both in Russia, where he again becomes a universal favorite, and in Europe, where criticism, in the person of its most prominent representatives - Taine, Renan, Brandes and others - ranked him among the first writers of the century.

His visits to Russia in 1878-1881 were true triumphs. All the more painful was the news of the writer's serious illness. Turgenev died courageously, with full consciousness of the near end, but without any fear of it. His death (in Bougival near Paris, August 22, 1883) made a huge impression, the expression of which was a grandiose funeral.

The body of the great writer was, according to his desire, brought to St. Petersburg and buried at the Volkovo cemetery with such a gathering of people, which had never before or since been at the funeral of a private person.

Monument to Turgenev I.S.

Biography Turgenev Ivana Sergeevich (1818 – 1883)

• Ivan Sergeevich was born on October 28 (November 9) in Orel.
• Father, Sergei Nikolaevich, (1793-1834) belonged to the old noble family of the Turgenevs, known since the 15th century.
• Mother, Varvara Petrovna, (1788-1850) - nee Lutovinova, the history of her family dates back to the 17th century.

Parents.

Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev

Varvara Petrovna Lutovinova

• The childhood of the future writer was spent in the estate and estate of Spasskoe-Lutovinovo near the city of Mtsensk, Oryol province, where the writer's house-museum is located today.

• Turgenev's mother Varvara Petrovna ruled the "subjects" in the manner of an autocratic empress. Her favorite saying was "I want an execution, I want a sweetheart." With a naturally good-natured and dreamy son, she treated harshly, wanting to bring up in him a “real Lutovinov”, but in vain. She only hurt the boy’s heart, hurting those of her “subjects” to whom he managed to become attached (later she would become the prototype of capricious ladies in Turgenev’s stories Mumu, 1852; Punin and Baburin, 1874; etc.).

• At the same time, Varvara Petrovna was an educated woman and not alien to literary interests. She did not skimp on mentors for her sons Nikolai, Ivan and Sergey.
• From an early age, Turgenev was taken abroad, and after the family moved to Moscow in 1827, the young man was taught by the best teachers, and by the time he entered the verbal department of the philosophical faculty of Moscow University in 1833, he already spoke French, German, English and wrote poetry.

• In 1834 Turgenev moved to St. Petersburg University, graduating in 1837.
• Turgenev's first known literary experience dates back to this time - the romantic drama in verse "Sténo" (1834, publ. 1913). Professor of Russian literature, P.A. Pletnev, found it a weak imitation of D.G. Byron, but noticed that there was “something” in the author, and published two of his poems in his Sovremennik magazine.
• In May 1837, Ivan Sergeevich went to Germany to improve his philosophy (in his Autobiography, he wrote that the main motive for leaving was hatred for serfdom, which darkened his childhood: “I could not breathe the same air, stay close to what I hated. I needed to move away from my enemy in order to be given a stronger attack on him from within myself. In my eyes, this enemy had a certain image, bore a well-known name: serfdom).
• Until 1841 he listened to lectures at the University of Berlin, where he became close to a circle of Russian students, admirers of the "Hegel system" (M.A. Bakunin, T.N. Granovsky, N.V. Stankevich and others). Bakunin became his close friend for a long time. Although their relationship ended in a break, Bakunin served as the prototype for Rudin in the novel of the same name.

• In May 1841, Turgenev returned to Russia, intending to teach philosophy (for this purpose, in April-May 1842, he took master's exams at St. Petersburg University). However, the department of philosophy at Moscow University, which he hoped to take, was closed and there were no plans to restore it.
• In 1843, after lengthy troubles, Turgenev was enrolled in the office of the Minister of the Interior, where the issue of the release of the peasants was then discussed, but the service did not work out.

• Having met in November 1843 with the French singer Pauline Viardot, whose love he carried through his whole life, Turgenev increasingly asks for sick leave and follows her abroad, and in April 1845 he finally retired and since then often began to visit Germany and France.

• In the first literary performances noticed by the public (poems " Parasha" , 1843; "Landowner", 1845; story "Andrey Kolosov", 1844; “Three Portraits”, 1845), the influence of M.Yu. Lermontov prevailed, although they brought to the fore the image of the “environment” and its disfiguring effect on a person.
• These first poems and stories by Turgenev were highly appreciated by the main ideologist of the "natural school" V. G. Belinsky, who in many respects was the "mentor" of the beginning writer.
• Turgenev also tried his hand at dramaturgy: the plays The Freeloader, 1848, The Bachelor, 1849, A Month in the Country, 1850, and others were successfully staged in the theater.

• Turgenev's real fame was brought by small stories and essays, on which he himself did not have high hopes.
• In 1846, once again going abroad, he left one of the publishers of Sovremennik, I.I. Panaev, an essay Khor and Kalinich . Panaev placed it in the "Mixture" section of the magazine for 1847, accompanied by the subtitle " From the notes of a hunter to endear readers to indulgence.
• Neither the author nor the publisher foresaw success, but the success was extraordinary. Belinsky in the article " A look at Russian literature in 1847" wrote that in this "little play" "the author came to the people from such a side, from which no one had come to him before him."

Turgenev's novels.

• Peru Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev owns 6 novels, in each of which the writer touched actual problems modernity:

"Rudin", 1855; "Noble Nest", 1858;

"On the Eve", 1859;

"Fathers and Sons", 1861;

"Smoke", 1867;

"Nov", 1876).

• Turgenev's "Swan Song" was " Poems in prose» , created by him in the last years of his life (the first part appeared in 1882; the second was not published during his lifetime).
• This lyrical cycle is framed by poems about Russia - “ Village" and "Russian language".
• Turgenev visited Russia for the last time in 1881 and, as if anticipating that this was his last visit, visited his native Spasskoe-Lutovinovo. His last words, spoken before his death on August 22 (September 3), 1883 in Bougival in the south of France, were addressed to the Oryol forests: "Farewell, my dears ..."

• In his later years, Turgenev received European recognition.
• His literary interests were now largely connected with Europe. He closely communicates with leading French writers - G. Flaubert, J. Sand, E. Zola, and others; in 1878, together with V. Hugo, he chaired the international literary congress in Paris; receives the title of honorary professor at Oxford University and many more flattering signs of attention.
• He translates Flaubert's stories into Russian and recommends Russian authors for translations into European languages.

• Turgenev's visits to Russia in 1878-1881 were true triumphs.
• All the more painful was the news of his serious illness. Turgenev died courageously, with full consciousness of the near end, but without any fear of it. This happened in Bougival, near Paris, on August 22, 1883.
• The body of the great writer was, according to his desire, brought to St. Petersburg and buried at the Volkovo cemetery with such a gathering of people, which had never before or since been at the funeral of a private person.

Monument at the grave of Turgenev.

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The main thing in him is his truthfulness L.N. TolstoyHe quickly guessed new needs, new

ideas introduced into the public consciousness, and in his works he usually drew (as far as circumstances allowed) attention to the question that stood in line and was already vaguely beginning to excite society. ON THE. Dobrolyubov In modern literature, Turgenev has the most talent. N.V. Gogol

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• Varvara Petrovna Turgeneva (Lutovinova)
• Spasskoye-Lutovinovo. Manor house.
• Photograph by W. Carrick. 1883.
• Coat of arms of the Turgenev family
• Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev