Water fun
If summer is ahead of you, a bucket of toys for playing in the water can be a wonderful gift for a child. All you need for such children's entertainment is a sandbox and a hose. Don't be foolish, don't buy baby buckets with flimsy handles. Go to a hardware store and get a regular plastic bucket. You need to put more unbreakable bottles in it, plastic cups, some kind of plastic syringes for cream or spraying sauce, a strainer, and maybe even a water gun and the like. Tie a big red bow to the handle of the bucket and you are ready to please your little one. (And when winter comes and snow falls, many of these toys will be useful again.) Add a watering can, a small plastic pool, a plastic ball, goggles, fins, and outdoor games to your list of water fun gifts.
Sandbox in a moment
If you have a hose but no sand, you might consider a sandbox gift for your child. Four smooth wooden planks, a few bags of coarse sand - and your sandbox is ready. Put your bucket with a bow on the handle in the middle of the sand pile, and on your child's birthday, you can surprise and please him with this. Add a few more “toys” to the gift. a metal kitchen spatula - for smoothing sand, a ladle - for digging and a round spoon - for wet sand, this is a very convenient thing.
serious business
We ourselves can get tired of all this daily routine, but many children find pleasure in this ordinary office work and its accessories. When Sharla's children were small, they really liked to set up a "warehouse" for toys in the locker, and they spent whole days preparing their toys for "sale" and then "sold" them to each other and their friends. All that was required for the game was a supply of paper "money", a bunch of tags, a date stamp and an ink pad. Walk through a good stationery store and you will find a lot of things there that can arouse the interest of a child: bundles of colored rubber bands, magnets, stamps and ink pads, account books very useful for children who want to calculate their money savings, reams of note paper.
Put a name
A personalized seal is a wonderful gift. Stamps come in all sizes and styles and can be ordered from a workshop or purchased from office supplies or stationery stores. It would be nice to add ink pads for ink of three different colors to this gift. And then on some rainy day you can set the child to work - have him put his name on all the children's books. Nowadays, personalization has become big business, and if you like, you can arrange for your child's name to be on notepads, wood-cut stamps, stickers, or crayons.
You can give your child a piece of paper with his name on it. (Of course, this should be planned in advance.) When people of any age see their name printed, it delights them. You may have seen how happy your colleagues are when they have note paper or letters with their name at the top of the sheet, just like children are happy and feel important when they see their name printed. You can order postcards, notebooks, Business Cards, which are usually invested in gifts, and even "business cards" on which the name of your son or daughter will be written, a phone number and maybe a small picture or bookplate drawn by a child. Your daughter, for example, could give such cards to her new acquaintances if she really wants to be called.
Detkograms
If your child is genuinely happy to see his name printed, keep in mind that this can be done on towels, sheets, toothbrushes, berets. You can buy permanent paint or markers that last forever, and have your child write their name on sheets, shirts, and towels.
Real technique
In our experience, children like real things; in addition, they last much longer than toy imitations. Even a four-year-old kid will be happy if he is presented with a real player and a set of films with fairy tales and music. But remember that by placing a young head between two headphones, you cut off the path to communication with the child and he loses sound connection with the world. For a child going to school for the first time, a watch or an alarm clock would be a wonderful gift. Having a watch of your own will make your child feel like an adult, and you can teach them the importance of being on time everywhere.
Sporting goods
You can also find a gift for a child in a sports store: both you and your child will like such a gift. If you forcibly pull a child into some kind of sport, most likely it will not end with a triumphant send-off of your offspring to the Olympic Games, but with the fact that he will hate this sport. However, if entertainment is more important to you than sports victories, then both you and your children will find pleasure in sports.
Teach your kid the simplest tricks of fishing, and let this be an excuse for you to go on a "long" fishing trip. It is worth thinking about different balls - basketball, football, tennis, plastic and tennis rackets - these are all traditionally desired gifts for both girls and boys. But you should also think about badminton and volleyball, which can be easily played in the yard.
Children school age will be delighted with such a gift as binoculars. To this gift, you can add a book about birds or a sports bag; here it is worth adding a lock that opens by a combination of numbers, which you can install yourself. One of our successful sports bag gifts was a small, stable bag that also provided self-defense.
Be economical
Children often want to have the same sports equipment as their older brothers and sisters, although they themselves are still too young to be able to use expensive things and take care of them. Until the guys are older, it is quite possible to meet their needs by buying sports equipment in second-hand stores. We fondly remember our two-year-old neighbor, who dragged a squashed racket around with him, asking, “Who wants to play tennis?”
Hobbies are serious
It is difficult to foresee which gift will especially attract the attention of a child and, perhaps, become the beginning of a long and serious hobby. However, when this happens - when the child cannot tear himself away from the gift, and he develops a passion for drawing, kites or puzzles, for stamps, knitting or building models, for embossing leather or for beekeeping - such a gift can be appreciated, as they say, on weight of gold. We know kids who are crazy about working with stained glass, decorating vests, embroidering belts and stringing beads, and we know others who spend hours modeling submarines or building dollhouses. However, we have met such children who have no interest in all this - they only need blue skies and expanse of fields.
Look for gifts that can help your child get excited about something. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the temperament of each child. Think about whether this child likes to play indoors or outdoors, whether he is mobile or not, whether he can patiently sort out some details, or whether he needs to get results quickly. If you and your child are doing their favorite thing, a special contact is established between you. And if you have favorite hobby and the child wants to share it with you, this is an amazing opportunity to have fun and usefully spend time with the child. We may be tempted to involve children in an activity just because we want to show them something new or we are attracted to the idea of working together; at the same time, sometimes we are not even embarrassed that children are not yet fully prepared for this kind of work. If your gift is not to your liking and the child does not show any interest in it, hide it somewhere in the pantry and let it lie there for a year or two. What failed at five can be accepted at seven. Of course, there is no formula for knowing if a child is "ready", but try to observe other children who are addicted to the very "hobby" you have in mind. Look at what kind of children they are, ask at what age they got this hobby. You need to make sure whether your child can maintain attention for a long time, whether he has enough energy for the activity that you have in mind.
Set of tools
For quite a long time, the “work bench” with a wooden hammer and “nails” remains the favorite toy of young children, which the kid hammers into holes on the bench and knocks them out. However, when the child grows up, you can think about real tools. Buy him the simplest tools for beginner craftsmen and put them in a box. Our own experience shows that store-bought tools last longer than those made specifically for children. Start with a light hammer, tape measure, and screwdriver. Add here a set of large nails and a few pieces of wood. You can also add a leveler, a clamp, pliers and, of course, a work apron with pockets. Then make a simple drawing and work with your child. To get started, you can try making small bookshelves, toy boxes, and a simple bathroom hanger.
Flashlights
Bring light into the lives of the younger generation - you can use one flashlight or a whole collection. The magic of flashlights especially affects very young children.
Flashlights come in all sizes, shapes, and of course, different prices. You can buy a larger flashlight - it will be "dad", a smaller flashlight - "mother" and a very small one - "flashlight child". Wrap each in bright paper, and when the excitement of the gift wears off, try to take the time to explain to your child how batteries work, and that if a flashlight is left on under the bed, it won't last long.
The computer can be a good source of children's entertainment. Many of the new programs, even for very young children, develop critical thinking and imagination. Children find these programs fascinating, however, adults also fall for this hook. If you have a computer at home, get to know some of the commercially available programs by reading or asking about them. Just try to make the time spent at the computer become a pleasure for the child, and not an obligatory activity. After all, you want him to see a friend in the computer and useful tool rather than forced employment.
old fun
We are already so involved in all sorts of innovations, such as video and electronic entertainment, that we forget about traditional gifts that have faithfully served many generations. After all, children can play with a deck of cards for a long time, the same can be said about puzzles, a book with good illustrations, or a kitchen rolling pin. What child doesn't like an old, generation-tested game or being read aloud? an interesting fairy tale? A deck of cards, a tin box with stickers, small cars or a jar of soap bubbles- all gifts are quite easy to prepare for any of you. Children value them not by value, but by the pleasure that these things give them. And if you and your child can use them to good use, it will be a good foundation for the future.
Finally
Remember
Remember your childhood - how you had fun then, how you had fun and what you laughed at the most.
The main goal of this book is precisely to teach adults how to use and have fun with children, so that in the future they will remember it with pleasure. Rhythm modern life constantly makes people stressful condition or irritation, which has become the most familiar emotion. But stress and irritation are not at all things that make a child happy. But only happy children can make the world a better place.
Road spoon to dinner
The purpose of this book is to help parents, grandparents, and everyone involved in raising children make the most of their time with their children. And this “as useful as possible” does not mean at all to improve the educational process. Many of the activities listed here are educational and helpful for a child's development, but the focus is not on getting kids smarter, smarter, or making them geeks. We wanted to help you organize a pleasant time with your child in a situation that can seem dull and annoying, such as traffic jams, shopping trips, rainy days and days when the child is sick. Currently, few parents of preschoolers or younger students are constantly at home. And so they never have enough time. Fatigue builds up. It seems that our children only see us in the car, in the store, in the office, or in the railway waiting room. We urge you to recognize these realities and turn them to the benefit of the child.
Give yourself to the children
This world is bustling and restless, but stop for a moment and breathe in the scent of roses. Give yourself to the children. They will be grateful to you for this for the rest of their lives. Use every free minute to be with your child. And it doesn’t matter if there is any entertainment for the baby or not, try to make the time spent with him as good as possible. Childhood flies by very quickly, even when the weeks sometimes stretch to infinity. We hope that when you have to remember that time, you will be able to look back and say, "I did my best."
Most of the games in this book require only the desire and willingness of parents to play and communicate with children. The main purpose of the book is to provide "recipes" for all occasions: wherever and when there is a need to take a child, you can always find the right game. Many of the things used for activities can easily be found among household items - pillows, sponges, children's toys, etc. But on the very day when you need something like straws for drinks or cereals, they can not be at hand. Therefore, we offer you a list of similar items used in games. They can be bought or prepared in advance and stored in a separate box.
Watercolor paints
Linen gum
Safety pins
Sticky note paper
Household paper
paper kites
Paper plates and cups
paper napkins
Water gun
Children's rake
Sponges, thin foam rubber
whiteboard
Fine eye embroidery needles and sewing needles
with wide ears
Playing cards for children
Map of Russia
Cassette recorder
Paint brushes of various sizes
Glue white liquid
magnets
Tape cassettes
Small pasta of various shapes, including
letters of the alphabet
Colored markers and felt-tip pens
Terry towels
Colored crayons of various thicknesses
mini marshmallows
Hoop (hula hoop)
Paper bags and sachets
lollipop sticks
Wigs and hats
Food colorings
Plastic bottles and bowls of various shapes
Plastic tubes for spices
Food tray, plastic
Rubber bands round
Washing rubber bands (erasers)
Drink straws, plastic
Dry breakfasts of various shapes and sizes
Dry peas or beans
tennis balls
Flashlights and batteries
cookie cutters
Colored paper and cardboard
Colored peas or other similar sweets
Stamps and ink pads
1. Alexander Blok created a special poetic world, permeated with blue and purple, woven from highlights and filled with amazing melody.
Permeated, woven, filled - full passive participles of the past tense, an image. from perfect verbs. type (penetrate, weave, ...)
Special - adjective, formed from the noun individual + ENN suffix
2. Subsequently, I found in the pantry some unusual (1) manuscripts, bound (2) in volumes and writing (3) in Latin. 123
2. Subsequently, I found some unusual manuscripts in the closet, bound in volumes and written in Latin.
unusual - adj.
intertwined-communion owls. view;
written - adj. with a dependent word (in Latin).
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HN is written.
3. Light walls of sophistication (1) proportions, (2) ceramic tiles, crowning (3) with a decorative majolica belt with a fancy image of orchids. 12
crowned - kr. incl. (who crowned ...). Exquisite - remember.
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HN is written.
4. On the letter (1) table - the manuscript of the story "The Old Woman", leather (2) folder for papers, silver (3) writing pad with the monogram "IB", heavy glass (4) inkwell with a copper cap . 14.
Written - letter + suff. ENN, glass - excl.
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which one letter H is written.
5. On the yacht - the company (1) brand "K. Faberge", and on a silver (2) rim, put on crystal, engraved (3) about its name "Vera". 23
engraved - kr. incl. (replacement with engraved)
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HN is written.
6. In the brightly lit (1) showcases, (2) jewelry made of precious (3) stones, made (4) at a local factory, was displayed. 134
exhibited - kr. incl. (replacement for exhibited)
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HN is written.
7. On the feet of the diver there are long (1) fins, made (2) of ordinary (3) rubber, and (4) air cylinders are attached to the back. 
123
attached - kr. incl.
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HN is written.
8. V.G. Korolenko and in stone (1) Petersburg found for himself an old wooden (2) house, provincially cozy, with more beautiful (3) floors. 12.
To paint is a verb to carry. view
9. In the heroes of his paintings, Pablo Picasso wanted to see carriers of truth (1) hidden from ordinary people, accessible only to the inner (2) gaze of a person, his exalted (3) nature. 1.
Elevate (owl) - exalted. Elevate - carry.
Suffix -Enn, if in indef. verb form. –It or –Et (see participle suffixes).
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written. DIFFICULT TASK.
10. In the self-portrait, the artist is dressed in a sophisticated (1) cloak, his face is calm and confident (2), his mustache and beard are carefully groomed (3). 3
well-groomed - kr. incl. (possible replacement: a mustache ... looked after), sure0 (what?) - kr. adj.
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
11. In the first pictures of I.N. Nikitin had some simplification (1) ness: the figures are snatched (2) from the darkness of an indefinite (3) space by a beam of bright light and exist out of touch with the environment. 2
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HN is written.
12. Music S.S. Prokofiev demands from the listener concentration (1) that will help the listener to comprehend the depth of the work, appreciate unexpected (2) decisions in the construction of melodies and harmonies, impeccability (3) of logical forms. 123
Unexpected - except, concentration (1) awn from concentrated
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HN is written.
13. Why do skates made (1) of any material slide only on an ice (2) surface and perfectly (3) do not slide on a smooth stone (4) floor? 134
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HN is written.
14. A powerful (1) marble tiled entrance hall is decorated (2) with glass (3) vases and gilded (4) furniture, created by (5) the best masters of Italy. 135
paved - incl. hovering words (marble tiles)
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
15. According to M.Yu. Lermontov, a brightly gifted (1) person in the circle of nonentities is doomed (2) to misunderstanding and loneliness, and if he behaves in accordance with (3) the "norms" of this society, then to gradual (4) self-destruction. 2
doomed - kr. incl.
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HN is written.
16. Repetition is a favorite (1) of A.P. Chekhov’s art (2) means - in the story “Darling” is the main way of constructing a work: monotony (3) of situations, the expectation of situations, the monotony of actions, multiplied (4) by the mechanicalness of reproduction, create a comic effect. 1234
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HN is written.
17. Maybe the skates were called (1) skates precisely because in the old days they made wooden (2) skates, decorated (3) with a curl in the form of a horse (4) head. 23
named - kr.prich. (called), wooden - an exception.
18. At the end of the 19th century, Alexander Panshin designed (1) invisible (2), elongated (3) skates, which allowed him to defeat the fi (4) and Norwegian runners. 23
lengthen (non-sov.) and lengthen (owls) - elongated, unprecedented - excl., lengthen - owls.
In place of which numbers is NN written?
19. We see that in the bone (1) skates, found (2) by archaeologists in northern Europe, she made (3) holes for leather (4) ribbons. 2
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HN is written.
20. In the old days (1), the bow was a formidable weapon: a kale (2) arrow, thicker (3) by the hand of an experienced shooter, could pierce a thick (4) wall. 34
21. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
The sun was golden in the east, behind the fog (1) blue of the distant (2) forests, behind the white snowy lowland (3) awn, which the ancient Russian city looked at from a low shore. 123
distant - to move away the owls.
22. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
In Vermeier's painting “Street”, the pavement is swept (1) a, the powerful (2) porch is washed with tiles, the facades of houses from below are white (3) with lime. 2
tiled porch
23. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
The fragile point (1) silhouette of the person (2) depicted in the picture of the girl stands out against the background of the white (3) wall, along which mother-of-pearl shadows run. 13
chiseled - sharpen and whiten - vb. mismatched type.
24. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
The picture depicts (1) a cheerful village wedding, a motley mass of people successfully entered (2) and wide in the landscape, with a beautifully drawn (3) high blue sky.
25. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
The model of the new palace was delivered (1) to St. Petersburg, approved (2) by the empress, after which the ceremony of laying the first stone was held in celebration (3).
26. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
The owner was wearing a fabric (1) shirt, sub-belts (2) leather (3) th belt, and pants (4) that had not been ironed for a long time. 13
27. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
A portrait of a fearful (1) man, written (2) by an artist who had a remarkable (3) talent, was part of the dowry of the (4) th (5) mistress of the house. 123
from a dozen - remarkable - adj. (root: -dozen-; suffix: -n)
28. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
The house stood somewhat away from the forest, the walls here and there were renewed (1) with fresh woods, the windows were painted (2) with whitewash, a small porch on the side, decorated with (3) carvings, still smelled of resin. 12
29. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
Opera S.S. Prokofiev "War and Peace", written (1) based on the novel by L.N. Tolstoy, reshe (2) but in the spirit of traditional (3) Russian opera music of the XIX century. 13
30. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
Valaam became a truly (1) painting school for I. Shishkin: Ra (2) Valaam canvases brought him a silver (3) medal of the Academy of Arts, and after two landscapes were awarded (4) a gold medal, the artist was sent on a business trip to Italy. 134
31. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
Some paintings by the artist Savrasov were small; writing (1) to them within one to two hours, they are noted (2) by the charm of inspiring (3) improvisations. 2
32. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
In the foreground of the picture, against the background of figures more closely (1) with smeared (2) soot faces, a girl in a snow-white dress with a whip (3) basket in her hands stands out brightly.
13
mummer - to row, wicker - to weave - from the verbs of neses. type; smeared with soot...
33. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
The main action of the picture takes place in the background: in a bright room, the crying (1) lady with a child in her arms looks with a plea at the invitation of the (2) doctor in silver (3) pince-nez. 123
Cry, invite, silver - v. owls. kind.
34. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
In the 18th century, in Russian music there were special (1) about spreading (2) melodies in which the features of a folk song clearly (3) appeared. 2
35. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
The originality of the art (1) world of the ra (2) of their stories N.V. Gogol's connection (3) about with the use of folklore traditions: in folk tales, semi-pagan legends and traditions, the writer found themes and plots for his works. 124
namely, a particle
36. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
The rooms were furnished (1) with remarkable luxury: the walls were upholstered with colorful Bukhara carpets, the ceilings were painted (2) with oil (3) paints, and there were real Persian carpets on the floors.
123
37. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
A dying garden and a failed, even unnoticed (1) love - two internal (2) connected (3) themes - give A.P. Chekhov's sad and poetic character.
123
notice and notice (owl view) - unnoticed, internal - adj. with suff. ENN
38. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
The visiting walls (1) were pasted (2) with light wallpaper with wild (3) patterns, so similar in style to the silver (4) clock hung (5) above the door. 35
39. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
Against the terrible (1) and formidable background of the sunset sky, the jagged wall of the coniferous forest seemed distinctly drawn (2), and in some places the transparent round tops of the birches sticking out above it seemed to be outlined (3) in the sky with light strokes. 12
kinky off side
40. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
The river is especially (1) beautiful in the morning (2) mist, when its crystal jets are transparent, like silver (3) threads, and illuminated (4) by the cold autumn sun. 34
illuminated - kr. including, hovering words do not affect the number H
42. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
According to the plan, N.V. Gogol was going to lead Chichikov through the temptation of property (1) property, through life (2) filth and abomination to morality (3) revival. 123
own, vital, moral - adjectives with suff. ENN.
43. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
This valley is a glorious place: on all sides the mountains are impregnable, reddish rocks, which are hung (1) with green ivy and crowned with (2) clusters of plane trees, yellow cliffs, streaked with (3) gullies, high-high - the golden fringe of clouds, and below - Aragva. 12
44. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
A long (1) row of invisible (2) paintings in old (3) frames, hanging (4) on ugly (5) walls, delighted the eye with a riot of colors. 1234
unseen - exception
45. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
In the distance, on a steep limestone coast, washed out by floods, in the morning (1) air, a village with a white stone (2) church and wind (3) mills is clearly visible. 12
46. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
The theme of femininity (1) in the philosophical perception of Russia is quite traditional (2) a; it was expressed in the works of the Slavophiles, was developed in the concepts of the philosophers of the Silver (3rd) century: V. Solovyov, V. Rozanov, N. Berdyaev. 3
from adj. feminine (suff. -ENN), traditional (suff. -ONN)
47. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
To this day, invoices have been preserved in the archives, presenting (1) to the artist for delivering (2) oils (3) paints to him. 3
presented from presenting (sov.v.), and not from presenting (non-sov.v.)
48. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
In the self-portrait, the artist is depicted in a sophisticated (1) cloak, his face is calm and confident (2) o, his mustache and beard are carefully combed (3). 3
49. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
In his work, Salvador Dali was a tireless seeker who hated routine (1) and created updated (2) images and unexpected (3) compositions. 123
adj. ordinary (suff. -ENN), unexpected - exception
50. Indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) is written N.
In the late works of Salvador Dali, new artistic (2) trends are expressed (1) - an interest in classical clarity, internal (3) harmony. 1
51. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
The mighty (1) flagstone yards were surrounded (2) by a continuous chain of buildings on four sides, there was no entrance to the houses from the street, and first it was necessary to enter the kame (3) low gate with an iron grate. 13
Job directory.
Tasks of training and diagnostic work
Back to job catalog
Version for printing and copying in MS Word
Subsequently, I found in the pantry some unusual (1) manuscripts, bound (2) in volumes and writing (3) in Latin.
Here is the correct spelling.
Subsequently, I found in the pantry some unusual manuscripts, bound in volumes and written in Latin.
unusual - adjective, traditional spelling
intertwined-communion owls. view;
written (how? with what?) - par. with dependent word.
Answer: 123
Answer: 123
Relevance: Used since 2015
Difficulty: advanced
14.1.1 Two NNs in suffixes
If:
note
Note:
If:
bought, redeemed;
abandoned-abandoned.
).
).
Excited excited how? this message excited
organized And educated
Or
note
Add more words here:
forged, pecked, chewed
wounded in battle Wounded
That is, it answers the question. what did you do with the item? .
stew(it was stewed) meat,
shorn(their hair was cut)
boiled(it was boiled) potatoes,
brokenNaya(it was broken) line,
stained
BUT:
stewed in the oven(it was stewed) meat,
recently cut(their hair was cut)
steamed(it was boiled) potatoes.
written beauty
A) : and others.
b): smooth O dyed ( O paint), fresh behind ice cream ( behind freeze), etc.).
Rule:
Rule:
1) on the issue
2) by value
3) by the presence of a dependent word
| Brief participles | Short adjectives |
|---|---|
For example: calmly calm suffix H; slowly slow NN; enthusiastically with HH, as in the sacrament HAPPY NN.
1) on the issue
2) by value
3) by role in the sentence:
| HH | H |
|---|---|
| prisoner (prisoner) | oilman (oil) |
| hotel (living room) | |
| exile (exiled) | anemone (windy) |
| larch (deciduous) | confusion (confused) |
| pupil (educated) | spice (spicy) |
| humanity (humane) | sandstone (sandy) |
| elevation (sublime) | smoked (smoked) |
| devotion (devotee) | peat bog (peat) |
and many others.
| N* | |
|---|---|
| worker / enik (from toil) | |
| squad / nickname (from squad) | much / enik (from torturing) |
| raspberry/nick (raspberry) | powder / enitsa (from powdering) |
| name day / nickname (name day) | birth / birth (give birth) |
| cheating / nickname (treason) | brother-in-law / e / nit / a |
| nephew | var/enik (cook) |
| dowry/nice | BUT: dowry (from give) |
| insomnia | student |
| aspen/nickname | besrebr / enik |
| ringing / ringing | silver/nickname |
Table note
HH is written and in words traveler(from traveling) predecessor(preceded)
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HN is written.
Inspired by the (1) success of his poem, Guys published the collection “Stolen (2) portfolio”, which included a funny parody of Milton's poem “Losing (3) paradise”. But nevertheless, his love elegies remain the most famous, in which irony and melancholy, elegance and depth are combined.
Explanation (see also Rule below).
Here is the correct spelling.
Inspired by the success of his poem, Guys published the collection The Stolen Briefcase, which included a funny parody of Milton's poem Paradise Lost. But still, his love elegies remain the most famous, in which irony and melancholy, elegance and depth are combined.
In this offer:
winged - full participle, formed from the verb of the perfect form;
stolen - full participle, formed from the verb of the perfect form;
lost - full participle formed from a perfective verb;
connected - we write a short participle with N.
Answer: 123.
Answer: 123
Rule: Task 15. Spelling Н and НН in words of different parts of speech
SPELLING -Н-/-НН- IN VARIOUS PARTS OF SPEECH.
Traditionally, this is the most difficult topic for students, since a reasonable spelling of Н or НН is possible only with knowledge of morphological and word-formation laws. The material "Reference" summarizes and systematizes all the rules of the topic H and HH from school textbooks and gives Additional information from V.V. Lopatin and D.E. Rosenthal to the extent that is necessary to complete the tasks of the exam.
14.1 Н and НН in denominative adjectives (formed from nouns).
14.1.1 Two NNs in suffixes
The suffixes of adjectives are written HH, If:
1) the adjective is formed from a noun with a base on H using the suffix H: fogH + H → foggy; pocket+n → pocket, carton+n → carton
ancient (from old+N), picturesque (from picture+N), deep (from depth+N), outlandish (from outlandish+N), remarkable (from a dozen+N), true (from truth+N), corvée ( from barshchina + N), communal (from community + N), long (from length + N)
note: the word "weird" in terms of modern language does not contain the suffix H and is not related to the word "country". But it is possible to explain HH historically: a person from a foreign country was considered a dissident, a stranger, an outsider.
The spelling of the word "genuine" can also be explained etymologically: genuine in Ancient Rus' called the truth that the defendant spoke "under the longs" - special long sticks or whips.
2) the adjective is formed on behalf of the noun by adding the suffix -ENN-, -ONN: cranberry (cranberry), revolutionary (revolution), solemn (triumph).
Exception: windy (but: windless).
Note:
There are adjective words in which H is part of the root. These words must be remembered. They were not formed from nouns:
crimson, green, spicy, drunken, swine, red, ruddy, youthful.
14.1.2. The suffixes of adjectives are written N
The suffixes of adjectives are written N, If:
1) the adjective has the suffix -IN- ( dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger). Words with this suffix often have the meaning of "whose": dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger.
2) the adjective has the suffixes -AN-, -YAN- ( sandy, leathery, oatmeal, earthy). Words with this suffix often mean "made of what": sand, leather, oats, earth.
Exceptions: glass, pewter, wood.
14.2. Н and НН in the suffixes of words formed from verbs. Complete forms.
As you know, both participles and adjectives (= verbal adjectives) can be formed from verbs. The rules for writing H and HH in these words are different.
14.2.1 HH in suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives
In the suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives, HH is written if AT LEAST ONE of the conditions is met:
1) the word is formed from the verb perfect look, WITH OR WITHOUT A PREFACE, for example:
from the verbs to buy, redeem (what to do?, perfect form): bought, redeemed;
from verbs to throw, to throw (what to do?, perfect form): abandoned-abandoned.
The prefix NOT does not change the form of the participle and does not affect the spelling of the suffix. Any other prefix makes the word perfect.
2) the word has suffixes -OVA-, -EVA- even in imperfective words ( pickled, paved, automated).
3) with a word formed from a verb, there is a dependent word, that is, it forms a participle turnover, for example: ice cream in the refrigerator, boiled in broth).
NOTE: In cases where the full participle turns into an adjective in a specific sentence, the spelling does not change. For example: Excited With this message, the father spoke loudly and did not hold back his emotions. The highlighted word is participle in participial turnover, excited how? this message. Change the sentence: His face was excited, and there is no longer communion, there is no turnover, because the person cannot be “excited”, and this is an adjective. In such cases, they talk about the transition of participles into adjectives, but this fact does not affect the spelling of NN.
More examples: The girl was very organized And educated. Both words here are adjectives. The girl was not “educated”, and she has always been brought up, these are constant signs. Let's change the sentences: We were in a hurry to a meeting organized by partners. Mom, brought up in severity, and raised us just as strictly. And now the highlighted words are participles.
In such cases, in the explanation to the task, we write: participle adjective or adjective passed from the participle.
Exceptions: unexpected, unexpected, unseen, unheard of, unexpected, slow, desperate, sacred, desired..
note to the fact that from a number of exceptions the words counted (minutes), done (indifference). These words are written in general rule.
Add more words here:
forged, pecked, chewed eva / ova are part of the root, these are not suffixes to write HH. But when prefixes appear, they are written according to the general rule: chewed, shod, pecked.
the wounded is written one N. Compare: wounded in battle(two N, because the dependent word appeared); Wounded, the view is perfect, there is a prefix).
smart to define the type of word is difficult.
14.2. 2 One H in verbal adjectives
In the suffixes of verbal adjectives, N is written if:
the word is formed from an imperfective verb, that is, answers the question what did you do with the item? and the word in the sentence has no dependent words.
stew(it was stewed) meat,
shorn(their hair was cut)
boiled(it was boiled) potatoes,
brokenNaya(it was broken) line,
stained(it was stained) oak (dark as a result of special processing),
BUT: as soon as these adjective words have a dependent word, they immediately go into the category of participles and are written with two N.
stewed in the oven(it was stewed) meat,
recently cut(their hair was cut)
steamed(it was boiled) potatoes.
DISCOVER: participles (right) and adjectives (left) have different meanings! Stressed vowels are marked with capital letters.
named brother, named sister- a person who is not biologically related to this person, but who agreed to fraternal (sisterly) relations voluntarily. - the address I gave;
planted father (acting the role of the parent of the bride or groom at the wedding ceremony). - planted at the table;
dowry (property given to the bride by her family for life in marriage) - given a chic look;
narrowed (as the groom is called, from the word fate) - narrowed skirt, from the word narrow, make narrow)
Forgiveness Sunday (religious holiday) - forgiven by me;
written beauty(epithet, idiom) - oil painting.
14.2.3. Spelling Н and НН in compound adjectives
As part of compound word the spelling of the verbal adjective does not change:
A) the first part is formed from imperfective verbs, so we write N: plain-dyed (paint), hot-rolled, homespun, multi-colored, gold-woven (weave); whole-cut cut), gold-forged (forged), little-traveled (ride), little-walked (walk), little-carried (wear), slightly salted (salt), finely crushed (crush), freshly slaked (quench), freshly frozen (freeze) and others.
b) the second part of the compound word is formed from the prefixed verb of the perfect form, which means we write NN: smooth O dyed ( O paint), fresh behind ice cream ( behind freeze), etc.).
In the second part of complex formations, H is written, although there is a prefix PER-: ironed-over-ironed, patched-re-patched, worn-carried, washed-washed, shot-re-shot, darned-redarned.
Thus, tasks can be performed according to the algorithm:
14.3. Н and НН in short adjectives and short participles
Both participles and adjectives have not only full, but also short forms.
Rule: In short participles, one N is always written.
Rule: In short adjectives, the same number of N is written as in the full form.
But in order to apply the rules, you need distinguish between adjectives and participles.
DISCOVER short adjectives and participles:
1) on the issue: short adjectives - what? what? what are what is it? what are?, short participles - what is done? what's done? what is done? what are done?
2) by value(a short participle is related to the action, can be replaced by a verb; a short adjective characterizes the word being defined, does not report the action);
3) by the presence of a dependent word(short adjectives do not and cannot have, short participles have).
| Brief participles | Short adjectives |
|---|---|
| written (story) m. what is done? by whom? | the boy is educated (what?) - from the full form educated (what?) |
| written (book) f.rod; what's done? by whom? | the girl is educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
| written (composition) cf. what is done? by whom? | the child is educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
| works written, pl. number; what are done? by whom? | children are educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
14.4. One or two N can also be written in adverbs.
In adverbs in -O / -E, the same number of N is written as there are in the original word, For example: calmly with one H, since in the adjective calm suffix H; slowly with HH, as in the adjective slow NN; enthusiastically with HH, as in the sacrament HAPPY NN.
With the seeming simplicity of this rule, there is a problem of distinguishing between adverbs, short participles and short adjectives. For example, in the word focus (Н, НН) о it is impossible to choose one or another spelling WITHOUT knowing what this word is in a sentence or phrase.
DISCOVER short adjectives, short participles and adverbs.
1) on the issue: short adjectives - what? what? what are what is it? what are?, short participles - what is done? what's done? what is done? what are done? adverbs: how?
2) by value(a short participle is related to the action, can be replaced by a verb; a short adjective characterizes the word being defined, does not report the action); an adverb expresses an action, how it occurs)
3) by role in the sentence:(short adjectives and short participles are often predicates, while the adverb
refers to the verb and is a circumstance)
14.5. Н and НН in nouns
1.In nouns (as in short adjectives and adverbs), the same number of N is written as in the adjectives (participles) from which they are formed:
| HH | H |
|---|---|
| prisoner (prisoner) | oilman (oil) |
| education (educated) | hotel (living room) |
| exile (exiled) | anemone (windy) |
| larch (deciduous) | confusion (confused) |
| pupil (educated) | spice (spicy) |
| humanity (humane) | sandstone (sandy) |
| elevation (sublime) | smoked (smoked) |
| poise (balanced) | delicious ice cream (ice cream) |
| devotion (devotee) | peat bog (peat) |
Words are formed from adjectives
related / ik from related, third-party / ik from third-party, like-minded / ik from like-minded, (malicious / ik, co-intentional / ik), set / ik from set, drowned / ik from drowned, numerical / ik from numerical, compatriot / ik from compatriot) and many others.
2. Nouns can also be formed from verbs and other nouns.
| HH is written, one H is included in the root, and the other is in the suffix. | N* |
|---|---|
| moshen / nickname (from moshna, which meant a bag, wallet) | worker / enik (from toil) |
| squad / nickname (from squad) | much / enik (from torturing) |
| raspberry/nick (raspberry) | powder / enitsa (from powdering) |
| name day / nickname (name day) | birth / birth (give birth) |
| cheating / nickname (treason) | brother-in-law / e / nit / a |
| nephew | var/enik (cook) |
| dowry/nice | BUT: dowry (from give) |
| insomnia | student |
| aspen/nickname | besrebr / enik |
| ringing / ringing | silver/nickname |
Table note: *Words that are written with H and are not formed from adjectives (participles) in the Russian language are rare. They need to be learned by heart.
HH is written and in words traveler(from traveling) predecessor(preceded)
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HN is written.
The Old Believers restrained (1) conferred, and one of them, bending down, went up to the stove and put a round loaf of bread, a piece of boiled (2) meat, two onions and a birch bark (3) basket with salt on Yashkin’s knees, made (4 ) in the form of a pencil case.
Explanation (see also Rule below).
Here is the correct spelling.
The Old Believers conferred with restraint, and one of them, bending down, went up to the stove and put a round loaf of bread on Yashkin’s knees, a piece boiled meat, two onions and a birch bark basket with salt, made in the form of a pencil case.
In this offer:
restrained - HOW? adverb formed from the participle RESTRAINED (perfect form);
boiled - verbal adjective without prefix and dependent words;
birch bark - an adjective formed from the noun BEREST with the suffix -YAN-;
done is a participle formed from the perfective verb TO MAKE.
Answer: 14.
Answer: 14|41
Rule: Task 15. Spelling Н and НН in words of different parts of speech
SPELLING -Н-/-НН- IN VARIOUS PARTS OF SPEECH.
Traditionally, this is the most difficult topic for students, since a reasonable spelling of Н or НН is possible only with knowledge of morphological and word-formation laws. The "Reference" material summarizes and systematizes all the rules of the topic H and HH from school textbooks and provides additional information from V.V. Lopatin and D.E. Rosenthal to the extent that is necessary to complete the tasks of the exam.
14.1 Н and НН in denominative adjectives (formed from nouns).
14.1.1 Two NNs in suffixes
The suffixes of adjectives are written HH, If:
1) the adjective is formed from a noun with a base on H using the suffix H: fogH + H → foggy; pocket+n → pocket, carton+n → carton
ancient (from old+N), picturesque (from picture+N), deep (from depth+N), outlandish (from outlandish+N), remarkable (from a dozen+N), true (from truth+N), corvée ( from barshchina + N), communal (from community + N), long (from length + N)
note: the word "strange" from the point of view of the modern language does not have the suffix H in its composition and is not related to the word "country". But it is possible to explain HH historically: a person from a foreign country was considered a dissident, a stranger, an outsider.
The spelling of the word “genuine” can also be explained etymologically: authentic in Ancient Rus' was the truth that the defendant spoke “under the long ones” - special long sticks or whips.
2) the adjective is formed on behalf of the noun by adding the suffix -ENN-, -ONN: cranberry (cranberry), revolutionary (revolution), solemn (triumph).
Exception: windy (but: windless).
Note:
There are adjective words in which H is part of the root. These words must be remembered. They were not formed from nouns:
crimson, green, spicy, drunken, swine, red, ruddy, youthful.
14.1.2. The suffixes of adjectives are written N
The suffixes of adjectives are written N, If:
1) the adjective has the suffix -IN- ( dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger). Words with this suffix often have the meaning of "whose": dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger.
2) the adjective has the suffixes -AN-, -YAN- ( sandy, leathery, oatmeal, earthy). Words with this suffix often mean "made of what": sand, leather, oats, earth.
Exceptions: glass, pewter, wood.
14.2. Н and НН in the suffixes of words formed from verbs. Complete forms.
As you know, both participles and adjectives (= verbal adjectives) can be formed from verbs. The rules for writing H and HH in these words are different.
14.2.1 HH in suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives
In the suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives, HH is written if AT LEAST ONE of the conditions is met:
1) the word is formed from the verb perfect look, WITH OR WITHOUT A PREFACE, for example:
from the verbs to buy, redeem (what to do?, perfect form): bought, redeemed;
from verbs to throw, to throw (what to do?, perfect form): abandoned-abandoned.
The prefix NOT does not change the form of the participle and does not affect the spelling of the suffix. Any other prefix makes the word perfect.
2) the word has suffixes -OVA-, -EVA- even in imperfective words ( pickled, paved, automated).
3) with a word formed from a verb, there is a dependent word, that is, it forms a participle turnover, for example: ice cream in the refrigerator, boiled in broth).
NOTE: In cases where the full participle turns into an adjective in a specific sentence, the spelling does not change. For example: Excited With this message, the father spoke loudly and did not hold back his emotions. The highlighted word is participle in participial turnover, excited how? this message. Change the sentence: His face was excited, and there is no longer communion, there is no turnover, because the person cannot be “excited”, and this is an adjective. In such cases, they talk about the transition of participles into adjectives, but this fact does not affect the spelling of NN.
More examples: The girl was very organized And educated. Both words here are adjectives. The girl was not “educated”, and she has always been brought up, these are constant signs. Let's change the sentences: We were in a hurry to a meeting organized by partners. Mom, brought up in severity, and raised us just as strictly. And now the highlighted words are participles.
In such cases, in the explanation to the task, we write: participle adjective or adjective passed from the participle.
Exceptions: unexpected, unexpected, unseen, unheard of, unexpected, slow, desperate, sacred, desired..
note to the fact that from a number of exceptions the words counted (minutes), done (indifference). These words are written according to the general rule.
Add more words here:
forged, pecked, chewed eva / ova are part of the root, these are not suffixes to write HH. But when prefixes appear, they are written according to the general rule: chewed, shod, pecked.
the wounded is written one N. Compare: wounded in battle(two N, because the dependent word appeared); Wounded, the view is perfect, there is a prefix).
smart to define the type of word is difficult.
14.2. 2 One H in verbal adjectives
In the suffixes of verbal adjectives, N is written if:
the word is formed from an imperfective verb, that is, answers the question what did you do with the item? and the word in the sentence has no dependent words.
stew(it was stewed) meat,
shorn(their hair was cut)
boiled(it was boiled) potatoes,
brokenNaya(it was broken) line,
stained(it was stained) oak (dark as a result of special processing),
BUT: as soon as these adjective words have a dependent word, they immediately go into the category of participles and are written with two N.
stewed in the oven(it was stewed) meat,
recently cut(their hair was cut)
steamed(it was boiled) potatoes.
DISCOVER: participles (right) and adjectives (left) have different meanings! Stressed vowels are marked with capital letters.
named brother, named sister- a person who is not biologically related to this person, but who agreed to fraternal (sisterly) relations voluntarily. - the address I gave;
planted father (acting the role of the parent of the bride or groom at the wedding ceremony). - planted at the table;
dowry (property given to the bride by her family for life in marriage) - given a chic look;
narrowed (as the groom is called, from the word fate) - narrowed skirt, from the word narrow, make narrow)
Forgiveness Sunday (religious holiday) - forgiven by me;
written beauty(epithet, idiom) - oil painting.
14.2.3. Spelling Н and НН in compound adjectives
As part of a compound word, the spelling of the verbal adjective does not change:
A) the first part is formed from imperfective verbs, so we write N: plain-dyed (paint), hot-rolled, homespun, multi-colored, gold-woven (weave); whole-cut cut), gold-forged (forged), little-traveled (ride), little-walked (walk), little-carried (wear), slightly salted (salt), finely crushed (crush), freshly slaked (quench), freshly frozen (freeze) and others.
b) the second part of the compound word is formed from the prefixed verb of the perfect form, which means we write NN: smooth O dyed ( O paint), fresh behind ice cream ( behind freeze), etc.).
In the second part of complex formations, H is written, although there is a prefix PER-: ironed-over-ironed, patched-re-patched, worn-carried, washed-washed, shot-re-shot, darned-redarned.
Thus, tasks can be performed according to the algorithm:
14.3. Н and НН in short adjectives and short participles
Both participles and adjectives have not only full, but also short forms.
Rule: In short participles, one N is always written.
Rule: In short adjectives, the same number of N is written as in the full form.
But in order to apply the rules, you need distinguish between adjectives and participles.
DISCOVER short adjectives and participles:
1) on the issue: short adjectives - what? what? what are what is it? what are?, short participles - what is done? what's done? what is done? what are done?
2) by value(a short participle is related to the action, can be replaced by a verb; a short adjective characterizes the word being defined, does not report the action);
3) by the presence of a dependent word(short adjectives do not and cannot have, short participles have).
| Brief participles | Short adjectives |
|---|---|
| written (story) m. what is done? by whom? | the boy is educated (what?) - from the full form educated (what?) |
| written (book) f.rod; what's done? by whom? | the girl is educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
| written (composition) cf. what is done? by whom? | the child is educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
| works written, pl. number; what are done? by whom? | children are educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
14.4. One or two N can also be written in adverbs.
In adverbs in -O / -E, the same number of N is written as there are in the original word, For example: calmly with one H, since in the adjective calm suffix H; slowly with HH, as in the adjective slow NN; enthusiastically with HH, as in the sacrament HAPPY NN.
With the seeming simplicity of this rule, there is a problem of distinguishing between adverbs, short participles and short adjectives. For example, in the word focus (Н, НН) о it is impossible to choose one or another spelling WITHOUT knowing what this word is in a sentence or phrase.
DISCOVER short adjectives, short participles and adverbs.
1) on the issue: short adjectives - what? what? what are what is it? what are?, short participles - what is done? what's done? what is done? what are done? adverbs: how?
2) by value(a short participle is related to the action, can be replaced by a verb; a short adjective characterizes the word being defined, does not report the action); an adverb expresses an action, how it occurs)
3) by role in the sentence:(short adjectives and short participles are often predicates, while the adverb
refers to the verb and is a circumstance)
14.5. Н and НН in nouns
1.In nouns (as in short adjectives and adverbs), the same number of N is written as in the adjectives (participles) from which they are formed:
| HH | H |
|---|---|
| prisoner (prisoner) | oilman (oil) |
| education (educated) | hotel (living room) |
| exile (exiled) | anemone (windy) |
| larch (deciduous) | confusion (confused) |
| pupil (educated) | spice (spicy) |
| humanity (humane) | sandstone (sandy) |
| elevation (sublime) | smoked (smoked) |
| poise (balanced) | delicious ice cream (ice cream) |
| devotion (devotee) | peat bog (peat) |
Words are formed from adjectives
related / ik from related, third-party / ik from third-party, like-minded / ik from like-minded, (malicious / ik, co-intentional / ik), set / ik from set, drowned / ik from drowned, numerical / ik from numerical, compatriot / ik from compatriot) and many others.
2. Nouns can also be formed from verbs and other nouns.
| HH is written, one H is included in the root, and the other is in the suffix. | N* |
|---|---|
| moshen / nickname (from moshna, which meant a bag, wallet) | worker / enik (from toil) |
| squad / nickname (from squad) | much / enik (from torturing) |
| raspberry/nick (raspberry) | powder / enitsa (from powdering) |
| name day / nickname (name day) | birth / birth (give birth) |
| cheating / nickname (treason) | brother-in-law / e / nit / a |
| nephew | var/enik (cook) |
| dowry/nice | BUT: dowry (from give) |
| insomnia | student |
| aspen/nickname | besrebr / enik |
| ringing / ringing | silver/nickname |
Table note: *Words that are written with H and are not formed from adjectives (participles) in the Russian language are rare. They need to be learned by heart.
HH is written and in words traveler(from traveling) predecessor(preceded)
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HN is written.
Enter the numbers in ascending order.
The originality of the art (1) world of the ra (2) of their stories N.V. Gogol's connection (3) about with the use of folklore traditions: in folk tales, semi-pagan legends and traditions, the writer found themes and plots for his works.
Explanation (see also Rule below).
Here is the correct spelling.
The originality of the artistic world of N.V. Gogol is associated with the use of folklore traditions: it was in folk tales, semi-pagan legends and traditions that the writer found themes and plots for his works.
In this offer:
artistic - adjective formed with the suffix -ENN
rannih - the adjective is formed from the stem -ran- with the help of the suffix -Н-.
connected - in a short participle we write N.
name - the same number of H is written as in the word from which it is formed (nominal).
Answer: 124.
Answer: 124
Source: Demo version of the USE-2015 in the Russian language.
Rule: Task 15. Spelling Н and НН in words of different parts of speech
SPELLING -Н-/-НН- IN VARIOUS PARTS OF SPEECH.
Traditionally, this is the most difficult topic for students, since a reasonable spelling of Н or НН is possible only with knowledge of morphological and word-formation laws. The "Reference" material summarizes and systematizes all the rules of the topic H and HH from school textbooks and provides additional information from V.V. Lopatin and D.E. Rosenthal to the extent that is necessary to complete the tasks of the exam.
14.1 Н and НН in denominative adjectives (formed from nouns).
14.1.1 Two NNs in suffixes
The suffixes of adjectives are written HH, If:
1) the adjective is formed from a noun with a base on H using the suffix H: fogH + H → foggy; pocket+n → pocket, carton+n → carton
ancient (from old+N), picturesque (from picture+N), deep (from depth+N), outlandish (from outlandish+N), remarkable (from a dozen+N), true (from truth+N), corvée ( from barshchina + N), communal (from community + N), long (from length + N)
note: the word "strange" from the point of view of the modern language does not have the suffix H in its composition and is not related to the word "country". But it is possible to explain HH historically: a person from a foreign country was considered a dissident, a stranger, an outsider.
The spelling of the word “genuine” can also be explained etymologically: authentic in Ancient Rus' was the truth that the defendant spoke “under the long ones” - special long sticks or whips.
2) the adjective is formed on behalf of the noun by adding the suffix -ENN-, -ONN: cranberry (cranberry), revolutionary (revolution), solemn (triumph).
Exception: windy (but: windless).
Note:
There are adjective words in which H is part of the root. These words must be remembered. They were not formed from nouns:
crimson, green, spicy, drunken, swine, red, ruddy, youthful.
14.1.2. The suffixes of adjectives are written N
The suffixes of adjectives are written N, If:
1) the adjective has the suffix -IN- ( dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger). Words with this suffix often have the meaning of "whose": dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger.
2) the adjective has the suffixes -AN-, -YAN- ( sandy, leathery, oatmeal, earthy). Words with this suffix often mean "made of what": sand, leather, oats, earth.
Exceptions: glass, pewter, wood.
14.2. Н and НН in the suffixes of words formed from verbs. Complete forms.
As you know, both participles and adjectives (= verbal adjectives) can be formed from verbs. The rules for writing H and HH in these words are different.
14.2.1 HH in suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives
In the suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives, HH is written if AT LEAST ONE of the conditions is met:
1) the word is formed from the verb perfect look, WITH OR WITHOUT A PREFACE, for example:
from the verbs to buy, redeem (what to do?, perfect form): bought, redeemed;
from verbs to throw, to throw (what to do?, perfect form): abandoned-abandoned.
The prefix NOT does not change the form of the participle and does not affect the spelling of the suffix. Any other prefix makes the word perfect.
2) the word has suffixes -OVA-, -EVA- even in imperfective words ( pickled, paved, automated).
3) with a word formed from a verb, there is a dependent word, that is, it forms a participle turnover, for example: ice cream in the refrigerator, boiled in broth).
NOTE: In cases where the full participle turns into an adjective in a specific sentence, the spelling does not change. For example: Excited With this message, the father spoke loudly and did not hold back his emotions. The highlighted word is participle in participial turnover, excited how? this message. Change the sentence: His face was excited, and there is no longer communion, there is no turnover, because the person cannot be “excited”, and this is an adjective. In such cases, they talk about the transition of participles into adjectives, but this fact does not affect the spelling of NN.
More examples: The girl was very organized And educated. Both words here are adjectives. The girl was not “educated”, and she has always been brought up, these are constant signs. Let's change the sentences: We were in a hurry to a meeting organized by partners. Mom, brought up in severity, and raised us just as strictly. And now the highlighted words are participles.
In such cases, in the explanation to the task, we write: participle adjective or adjective passed from the participle.
Exceptions: unexpected, unexpected, unseen, unheard of, unexpected, slow, desperate, sacred, desired..
note to the fact that from a number of exceptions the words counted (minutes), done (indifference). These words are written according to the general rule.
Add more words here:
forged, pecked, chewed eva / ova are part of the root, these are not suffixes to write HH. But when prefixes appear, they are written according to the general rule: chewed, shod, pecked.
the wounded is written one N. Compare: wounded in battle(two N, because the dependent word appeared); Wounded, the view is perfect, there is a prefix).
smart to define the type of word is difficult.
14.2. 2 One H in verbal adjectives
In the suffixes of verbal adjectives, N is written if:
the word is formed from an imperfective verb, that is, answers the question what did you do with the item? and the word in the sentence has no dependent words.
stew(it was stewed) meat,
shorn(their hair was cut)
boiled(it was boiled) potatoes,
brokenNaya(it was broken) line,
stained(it was stained) oak (dark as a result of special processing),
BUT: as soon as these adjective words have a dependent word, they immediately go into the category of participles and are written with two N.
stewed in the oven(it was stewed) meat,
recently cut(their hair was cut)
steamed(it was boiled) potatoes.
DISCOVER: participles (right) and adjectives (left) have different meanings! Stressed vowels are marked with capital letters.
named brother, named sister- a person who is not biologically related to this person, but who agreed to fraternal (sisterly) relations voluntarily. - the address I gave;
planted father (acting the role of the parent of the bride or groom at the wedding ceremony). - planted at the table;
dowry (property given to the bride by her family for life in marriage) - given a chic look;
narrowed (as the groom is called, from the word fate) - narrowed skirt, from the word narrow, make narrow)
Forgiveness Sunday (religious holiday) - forgiven by me;
written beauty(epithet, idiom) - oil painting.
14.2.3. Spelling Н and НН in compound adjectives
As part of a compound word, the spelling of the verbal adjective does not change:
A) the first part is formed from imperfective verbs, so we write N: plain-dyed (paint), hot-rolled, homespun, multi-colored, gold-woven (weave); whole-cut cut), gold-forged (forged), little-traveled (ride), little-walked (walk), little-carried (wear), slightly salted (salt), finely crushed (crush), freshly slaked (quench), freshly frozen (freeze) and others.
b) the second part of the compound word is formed from the prefixed verb of the perfect form, which means we write NN: smooth O dyed ( O paint), fresh behind ice cream ( behind freeze), etc.).
In the second part of complex formations, H is written, although there is a prefix PER-: ironed-over-ironed, patched-re-patched, worn-carried, washed-washed, shot-re-shot, darned-redarned.
Thus, tasks can be performed according to the algorithm:
14.3. Н and НН in short adjectives and short participles
Both participles and adjectives have not only full, but also short forms.
Rule: In short participles, one N is always written.
Rule: In short adjectives, the same number of N is written as in the full form.
But in order to apply the rules, you need distinguish between adjectives and participles.
DISCOVER short adjectives and participles:
1) on the issue: short adjectives - what? what? what are what is it? what are?, short participles - what is done? what's done? what is done? what are done?
2) by value(a short participle is related to the action, can be replaced by a verb; a short adjective characterizes the word being defined, does not report the action);
3) by the presence of a dependent word(short adjectives do not and cannot have, short participles have).
| Brief participles | Short adjectives |
|---|---|
| written (story) m. what is done? by whom? | the boy is educated (what?) - from the full form educated (what?) |
| written (book) f.rod; what's done? by whom? | the girl is educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
| written (composition) cf. what is done? by whom? | the child is educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
| works written, pl. number; what are done? by whom? | children are educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
14.4. One or two N can also be written in adverbs.
In adverbs in -O / -E, the same number of N is written as there are in the original word, For example: calmly with one H, since in the adjective calm suffix H; slowly with HH, as in the adjective slow NN; enthusiastically with HH, as in the sacrament HAPPY NN.
With the seeming simplicity of this rule, there is a problem of distinguishing between adverbs, short participles and short adjectives. For example, in the word focus (Н, НН) о it is impossible to choose one or another spelling WITHOUT knowing what this word is in a sentence or phrase.
DISCOVER short adjectives, short participles and adverbs.
1) on the issue: short adjectives - what? what? what are what is it? what are?, short participles - what is done? what's done? what is done? what are done? adverbs: how?
2) by value(a short participle is related to the action, can be replaced by a verb; a short adjective characterizes the word being defined, does not report the action); an adverb expresses an action, how it occurs)
3) by role in the sentence:(short adjectives and short participles are often predicates, while the adverb
refers to the verb and is a circumstance)
14.5. Н and НН in nouns
1.In nouns (as in short adjectives and adverbs), the same number of N is written as in the adjectives (participles) from which they are formed:
| HH | H |
|---|---|
| prisoner (prisoner) | oilman (oil) |
| education (educated) | hotel (living room) |
| exile (exiled) | anemone (windy) |
| larch (deciduous) | confusion (confused) |
| pupil (educated) | spice (spicy) |
| humanity (humane) | sandstone (sandy) |
| elevation (sublime) | smoked (smoked) |
| poise (balanced) | delicious ice cream (ice cream) |
| devotion (devotee) | peat bog (peat) |
Words are formed from adjectives
related / ik from related, third-party / ik from third-party, like-minded / ik from like-minded, (malicious / ik, co-intentional / ik), set / ik from set, drowned / ik from drowned, numerical / ik from numerical, compatriot / ik from compatriot) and many others.
2. Nouns can also be formed from verbs and other nouns.
| HH is written, one H is included in the root, and the other is in the suffix. | N* | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| moshen / nickname (from moshna, which meant a bag, wallet) | worker / enik (from toil) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| squad / nickname (from squad) | much / enik (from torturing) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| raspberry/nick (raspberry) | powder / enitsa (from powdering) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| name day / nickname (name day) | birth / birth (give birth) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| cheating / nickname (treason) | brother-in-law / e / nit / a |
| Brief participles | Short adjectives |
|---|---|
| written (story) m. what is done? by whom? | the boy is educated (what?) - from the full form educated (what?) |
| written (book) f.rod; what's done? by whom? | the girl is educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
| written (composition) cf. what is done? by whom? | the child is educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
| works written, pl. number; what are done? by whom? | children are educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
14.4. One or two N can also be written in adverbs.
In adverbs in -O / -E, the same number of N is written as there are in the original word, For example: calmly with one H, since in the adjective calm suffix H; slowly with HH, as in the adjective slow NN; enthusiastically with HH, as in the sacrament HAPPY NN.
With the seeming simplicity of this rule, there is a problem of distinguishing between adverbs, short participles and short adjectives. For example, in the word focus (Н, НН) о it is impossible to choose one or another spelling WITHOUT knowing what this word is in a sentence or phrase.
DISCOVER short adjectives, short participles and adverbs.
1) on the issue: short adjectives - what? what? what are what is it? what are?, short participles - what is done? what's done? what is done? what are done? adverbs: how?
2) by value(a short participle is related to the action, can be replaced by a verb; a short adjective characterizes the word being defined, does not report the action); an adverb expresses an action, how it occurs)
3) by role in the sentence:(short adjectives and short participles are often predicates, while the adverb
refers to the verb and is a circumstance)
14.5. Н and НН in nouns
1.In nouns (as in short adjectives and adverbs), the same number of N is written as in the adjectives (participles) from which they are formed:
| HH | H |
|---|---|
| prisoner (prisoner) | oilman (oil) |
| education (educated) | hotel (living room) |
| exile (exiled) | anemone (windy) |
| larch (deciduous) | confusion (confused) |
| pupil (educated) | spice (spicy) |
| humanity (humane) | sandstone (sandy) |
| elevation (sublime) | smoked (smoked) |
| poise (balanced) | delicious ice cream (ice cream) |
| devotion (devotee) | peat bog (peat) |
Words are formed from adjectives
related / ik from related, third-party / ik from third-party, like-minded / ik from like-minded, (malicious / ik, co-intentional / ik), set / ik from set, drowned / ik from drowned, numerical / ik from numerical, compatriot / ik from compatriot) and many others.
2. Nouns can also be formed from verbs and other nouns.
| HH is written, one H is included in the root, and the other is in the suffix. | N* |
|---|---|
| moshen / nickname (from moshna, which meant a bag, wallet) | worker / enik (from toil) |
| squad / nickname (from squad) | much / enik (from torturing) |
| raspberry/nick (raspberry) | powder / enitsa (from powdering) |
| name day / nickname (name day) | birth / birth (give birth) |
| cheating / nickname (treason) | brother-in-law / e / nit / a |
| nephew | var/enik (cook) |
| dowry/nice | BUT: dowry (from give) |
| insomnia | student |
| aspen/nickname | besrebr / enik |
| ringing / ringing | silver/nickname |
Table note: *Words that are written with H and are not formed from adjectives (participles) in the Russian language are rare. They need to be learned by heart.
HH is written and in words traveler(from traveling) predecessor(preceded)
Take the test for these tasks
2010 Thinkstock
2010 Thinkstock
One of the categories of people who often have to deal with the problem of used things is mothers of small children. Fast-growing kids need a lot of clothes, shoes and accessories, and quality things are not cheap. Even if a person completely denies the possibility of buying or accepting non-new things as a gift, sooner or later the question arises, what to do with unnecessary things? Store in cabinets? Give to friends? But then they will already use new things.
At the same time, it is not considered shameful to sell, give away, take and buy a stroller or a crib, from which someone's baby has grown. Young mothers successfully do this by placing ads in the newspaper "Iz Hand to Hand" or on numerous sites on the Internet.
Thrift shops, familiar to us from Soviet times, gradually disappeared somewhere. Not all of them have disappeared, but it is not easy to find such a store now. Partially, commissions have moved to the Internet, which is convenient, but the virtual audience does not fully cover those who would like to use non-new things. Many pensioners, for example, would be happy to buy a brand new TV, but where is it? Not everyone has a computer.
