Exxon mobil corporation official. History of ExxonMobil

, Esso Australia[d], Aera Energy[d], XTO Energy[d], ExxonMobil Chemical[d], ExxonMobil Research and Engineering [d], ExxonMobil (Canada)[d] And ExxonMobil (United Kingdom)[d]

The company's headquarters are located in Irving, a suburb of Dallas, Texas. The main oil reserves are in Asia and the USA, natural gas- USA, Australia, Asia and Europe.

Story

The current company was created in 1999 from the merger of major US oil companies Exxon and Mobil.

Both companies were heirs of John Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company, founded in 1870. In less than ten years, it almost completely took control of oil refining in the United States, of $ 35 million in revenue from oil refining in 1878, $ 33 million came from Standard Oil. In 1882, Standard Oil was transformed into a trust of 30 companies that controlled 80% of oil refineries and 90% of oil pipelines in the United States, and the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey was created as the basis of the trust (according to registration documents, Exxon Mobil Corporation is its direct assignee). In 1888, the first foreign branch was established, Anglo-American Oil Company(later to become the Esso Petroleum Company). In 1890, the Sherman Anti-Trust Act was passed, directed primarily against Standard Oil, and after many years of litigation in 1911, the US Supreme Court decided to split Standard Oil into 34 independent companies, one of which continued to be called the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (abbreviated Jersey Standard). This company got a significant part of Standard Oil's refining capacity, however, it was left without sources of crude oil, so it bought the Texas company Humble Oil in 1919, and in the 1920s began to develop towards Latin America, primarily Venezuela. In 1928, in this country, Standard Oil formed the Creole Petroleum Corporation, which produced more than 450,000 barrels of oil per day in the 1940s. In 1927, Jersey Standard began cooperation with the German company IG Farben, together they conducted research in the field of obtaining synthetic fuel by hydrogenation of coal. This technology has received very limited use, much more important for an American company was the receipt from a German partner of the rights to a patent for the production of synthetic rubber from oil. The production of butyl rubber in the USA began in 1937.

In 1931, two other companies from the trust, the Standard Oil Company of New York (SOCONY) and the Vacuum Oil Company, merged under the name Socony-Vacuum Corporation. The Vacuum Oil Company was founded in 1866 to commercialize the vacuum oil refining process for the production of lubricants; the company soon came under the control of Standard Oil, which began selling these lubricants worldwide under the brand name Mobil. Since 1933, the partnership of the predecessor companies Exxon and Mobil began, they formed a joint venture Standard-Vacuum Oil Co., or Stanvac for short, which combined their assets in the Far East.

The Jersey Standard changed its name to Exxon in 1972; the 1973 oil embargo also led to sharp growth revenue (from $20 billion in 1972 to $100 billion in 1980), and the fall in oil prices since 1981 required an optimization of the company's structure. In 1986, three main divisions were formed, Exxon Company, International (oil production outside North America), Exxon Company, U.S.A. (USA) and Imperial Oil Limited (Canada). Since the Second World War, the company has held the status of the largest oil company world, but in 1989 lost it to Royal Dutch Shell, one of the reasons for this was the collapse of the Exxon Valdez tanker off the coast of Alaska. The cleanup of the oil spill and compensation for damage to the victims cost the company several billion dollars over several years. In 1990, the headquarters was moved from Rockefeller Center in New York to Irving, Texas.

Following Lee Raymond's retirement in 2006, Rex Tillerson, who had been with Exxon since 1975, was elected chairman of the board. He resigned at the end of 2016 in connection with his appointment to the post of US Secretary of State in the Donald Trump administration. During his reign, ExxonMobil almost completely sold out the network of gas stations, the Exxon and Mobil trademarks continued to be used by new owners on a franchise basis. The biggest acquisition of that time was natural gas producer XTO Energy in 2010 for $31 billion. In 2011, cooperation with Rosneft began in projects on the Black Sea shelf and in Siberia. In 2012, ExxonMobil confirmed its intention to start developing fields in Kurdistan (Iraq). Sold in 2013 Hong Kong company Castle Peak (for $3.4 billion by CLP Holdings). In 2014 International Center settlement of investment disputes ( International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes) awarded ExxonMobil $1.6 billion in compensation for the expropriation of assets by the Venezuelan government in 2007.

Management

Activity

Main chemical plants: Baton Rouge (Louisiana), Bay Town, Beaumont and Mont-Belvieux (Texas), Samia (Ontario, 69.6%), Antwerp (Belgium), Fife (UK, 50%), Gravenchon (France) ), Merhut (Belgium), Rotterdam (Netherlands), Al Jubail and Yanbu ( Saudi Arabia, 50% each), Fujian (PRC, 25%), Singapore, Sriracha (Thailand, 66%). The total annual production is 10.7 million tons of ethylene, 9.9 million tons of polyethylene, 2.7 million tons of polypropylene, 4.1 million tons of paraxylene.

The retail network includes 20.8 thousand gas stations, of which 10.76 thousand are in the USA, 2035 in Canada, 5833 in Europe, 1593 in the Asia-Pacific region. The income from them is in the form of royalties from the use of the Exxon and Mobil trademarks.

• Mining of oil and gas - net profit$14 billion (out of just $1.7 billion in the US)
• Oil refining and sales - net income of $6 billion (of which half in the US)
• Chemical industry - net income of $3.4 billion (of which half in the US)
• Corporate Center and Finance - net loss of $2.6 billion

Geographical distribution of the company's revenue in 2018:

• USA - $96.93 billion;
• Canada - $22.67 billion;
• UK - $18.7 billion;
• Belgium - $15.66 billion;
• Singapore - $13.69 billion;
• France - $13.64 billion;
• Italy - $13.4 billion;
• Germany - $9.43 billion

Regions of operation

America

In the United States, oil production is carried out in the states of Texas, New Mexico, North Dakota and Alaska, as well as in the Gulf of Mexico, where total area plots is 2.8 thousand km². Shale gas production is concentrated in the states of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, Texas, and Louisiana.

Activities in Canada are carried out through the company Imperial Oil, bought back in 1898, in which the share is 69.6%. The company's activities include the development (of the Athabaskan oil sands in Alberta).

IN Latin America ExxonMobil is producing oil and gas in Argentina and Guyana.

Europe

Natural gas is also being produced on the shelf of Papua New Guinea, near Port Moresby there is a plant for the production of liquefied gas by 6.9 million tons per year.

ExxonMobil in Russia

ExxonMobil has been a participant in the Sakhalin-1 PSA project since 1996, owns a 30% stake in the project; Management Company Sakhalin-1 Exxon Neftegas Ltd. affiliated with ExxonMobil. As part of the Sakhalin-1 project, Exxon Neftegas drilled a 12.345 km well at the Odoptu field, which became the longest well in the world as of the end of January 2011.

Cooperation with Rosneft

In January 2011, ExxonMobil signed an agreement with the Russian company Rosneft on the joint development of hydrocarbon reserves on the Black Sea shelf. The Tuapse trough will be the top priority area for exploration and production under this agreement. It is expected that Russian company will be 66.7% in a joint venture, the American one will have 33.3%.

However, already at the end of August of the same year, it was announced that much more significant agreements had been reached between the two companies. Rosneft, which had previously failed in a similar deal with the British, entered into an agreement with ExxonMobil on strategic partnership. The American company, according to the terms of the agreement, will become a partner of Rosneft in the development of huge oil and gas fields Arctic (Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, who was present at the signing ceremony, estimated the volume of investments in these projects at hundreds of billions of dollars). In turn, the Russians will have the opportunity to enter ExxonMobil projects, including those in the Gulf of Mexico and Texas. In addition, the agreement provides for the organization of a joint Arctic Research Center in St. Petersburg.

The proposed joint development of the Arctic shelf by Rosneft and ExxonMobil in the absence of technologies for eliminating accidents and oil spills in the harsh conditions of the Arctic caused immediate criticism from the World Wildlife Fund.

Criticism

In 2003, the Office of Foreign Assets Control reported that Exxon Mobil was engaged in illegal trade with Sudan and, along with dozens of other companies, paid the United States government $50,000.

In a US Department of Justice report dated September 18, 2003, the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York announced that J. Brian Williams, a former Mobil Oil executive, had been sentenced to three years and ten months in prison on charges of tax evasion. on a profit of more than $7 million, "including $2 million he received in connection with Mobil's oil business in Kazakhstan." According to court documents, Williams' earnings include millions of dollars in kickbacks from governments, individuals and legal entities with whom Williams did business while at Mobil. In addition to the prison term, Williams must pay a fine of $25,000 and more than $3.5 million in restitution to the IRS, in addition to fines and penalties.

In July 2012, in a review of the book "Personal Empire: ExxonMobil and American Power" by American journalist Steve Call The Daily Telegraph wrote that the author believes that Exxon Mobil "has become one of the most hated corporations on the planet, determining American foreign policy and the fate of the entire nation." Speaking of harm environment, then ExxonMobil was developing wells leased from the dictators of Chad and Equatorial Guinea. Steve Call describes Lee Raymond, executive director corporation until 2005 as "a notorious climate change skeptic and a person who dislikes government intervention at any level".

Charity

Shareholders

Affiliated companies

Major subsidiaries, joint ventures and partnerships at the end of 2018, placed at the places of registration; companies operating in some countries are registered in offshore zones, such as the state of Delaware, the Bahamas and Bermuda, the Netherlands; if the share is not specified, then 100%.

• USA USA:
  • Vermont: Ancon Insurance Company, Inc.
  • Delaware: Cross Timbers Energy, LLC (50%); Ellora Energy Inc.; Exxon Chemical Arabia Inc.; Exxon International Finance Company; Exxon Luxembourg Holdings LLC; Exxon Mobile Bay Limited Partnership; Exxon Overseas Corporation; Exxon Overseas Investment Corporation; ExxonMobil Alaska Production Inc.; ExxonMobil Capital Finance Company; ExxonMobil Chemical Gulf Coast Investments LLC; ExxonMobil Delaware Holdings Inc.; ExxonMobil Development Company; ExxonMobil Exploration and Production Malaysia Inc.; ExxonMobil General Finance Company; ExxonMobil Global Services Company; ExxonMobil Golden Pass Surety LLC; ExxonMobil Holding Company Holland LLC; ExxonMobil Kazakhstan Ventures Inc.; ExxonMobil Lubricants Trading Company; ExxonMobil Petroleum & Chemical Holdings Inc.; ExxonMobil Pipeline Company; ExxonMobil Production Norway Inc.; ExxonMobil Qatargas Inc.; ExxonMobil Rasgas Inc.; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company; ExxonMobil Sales and Supply LLC; ExxonMobil Technology Finance Company; ExxonMobil Ventures Finance Company; Golden Pass LNG Terminal Investments LLC; Golden Pass LNG Terminal LLC; Gulf Coast Growth Ventures LLC; Marine Well Containment Company LLC (10%); Mobil California Exploration & Producing Asset Company; Mobil Caspian Pipeline Company; Mobil Chemical Products International Inc.; Mobil Corporation; Mobil Equatorial Guinea Inc.; Mobil International Petroleum Corporation; Mobil Oil Exploration & Producing Southeast Inc.; Mobil Producing Texas & New Mexico Inc.; Mobil Yanbu Petrochemical Company Inc.; Mobil Yanbu Refining Company Inc.; Mountain Gathering, LLC; Palmetto Transoceanic LLC; Permian Express Partners LLC (12.3%); Phillips Exploration, LLC; SeaRiver Maritime, Inc.; Wolverine Pipe Line Company (53.39%); XH, LLC; XTO Energy Inc.; XTO Holdings LLC
  • California: Aera Energy LLC (48.2%)
  • New York: ExxonMobil Oil Corporation
  • Texas: Barnett Gathering, LLC; Trend Gathering & Treating, LLC; XTO Delaware Basin, LLC
• Australia Australia: Esso Australia Resources Pty Ltd; ExxonMobil Australia Pty Ltd; Mobil Australia Resources Company Pty Limited; Mobil Exploration & Producing Australia Pty Ltd; Mobil Oil Australia Pty Ltd
• Bahamas Bahamas : AKG Marketing Company Limited (87.5%); Esso Exploration and Production Angola (Overseas) Limited; Esso Exploration and Production Chad Inc.; Esso Exploration and Production Guyana Limited; Esso Exploration Angola (Block 15) Limited; Esso Exploration Angola (Block 17) Limited; Esso Global Investments Ltd.; Exxon Azerbaijan Limited; Exxon Neftegas Limited; ExxonMobil Abu Dhabi Offshore Petroleum Company Limited; ExxonMobil Barzan Limited; ExxonMobil China Petroleum & Petrochemical Company Limited; ExxonMobil Exploration and Production Romania Limited; ExxonMobil Exploration and Production Tanzania Limited; ExxonMobil Iraq Limited; ExxonMobil Kazakhstan Inc.; ExxonMobil Qatargas (II) Limited; ExxonMobil Ras Laffan (III) Limited; ExxonMobil Ventures Funding Ltd.; Mobil Services (Bahamas) Limited; Mobil Venezolana De Petroleos Inc.; Papua New Guinea Liquefied Natural Gas Global Company LDC (33.2%)
• Belgium Belgium: ExxonMobil Petroleum & Chemical BVBA
• Bermuda Bermuda: ExxonMobil Cepu Limited
• Brazil Brazil: ExxonMobil Exploracao Brasil Ltda.
• Great Britain Great Britain: Esso Exploration and Production UK Limited; Esso Petroleum Company, Limited; ExxonMobil Finance Company Limited; ExxonMobil Financial Investment Company Limited; ExxonMobil Gas Marketing Europe Limited; South Hook LNG Terminal Company Limited (24.15%)
• Germany Germany: BEB Erdgas und Erdoel GmbH & Co. KG (50%); Esso Deutschland GmbH; Esso Erdgas Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH; ExxonMobil Central Europe Holding GmbH; ExxonMobil Production Deutschland GmbH; Mobil Erdgas Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH
• Hong Kong Hong Kong: ExxonMobil Hong Kong Limited
• Egypt Egypt: ExxonMobil Egypt (S.A.E.)
• Italy Italy: Esso Italiana S.r.l.; ExxonMobil Italiana Gas S.r.l.; Infineum Italia s.r.I. (50 %); Mozambique Rovuma Venture, S.p.A. (35.7%); Terminale GNL Adriatico S.r.l. (70.678%)
• Kazakhstan Kazakhstan: Tengizchevroil, LLP (25%),; North Caspian Operating Company, B.V (16.8).;
• Cameroon Cameroon: Cameroon Oil Transportation Company S.A. (41%)
• Canada Canada: Canada Imperial Oil Limited (69.6%); ExxonMobil Canada Energy; ExxonMobil Canada Ltd.; ExxonMobil Canada Properties; ExxonMobil Canada Resources Company; Imperial Oil Limited (69.6%); Imperial Oil Resources Limited (69.6%); Imperial Oil Resources N.W.T. Limited (69.6%); Imperial Oil/Petroliere Imperiale (69.6%); XTO Energy Canada (84.8%)
• Qatar Qatar: Barzan Gas Company Limited (7%); Qatar Liquefied Gas Company Limited (10%); Qatar Liquefied Gas Company Limited (24.15%); Ras Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Company Limited (25%); Ras Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Company Limited (II) (30.517%); Ras Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Company Limited (3) (30%)
• China China: ExxonMobil (China) Investment Co., Ltd.; ExxonMobil (Taicang) Petroleum Co., Ltd.; ExxonMobil Chemical Services (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.; Fujian Refining & Petrochemical Co. Ltd. (25%)
• Luxembourg Luxembourg: ExxonMobil International Services SARL
• Mozambique Mozambique: Coral FLNG, S.A. (25%)
• Nigeria Nigeria: Esso Exploration and Production Nigeria (Deepwater) Limited; Esso Exploration and Production Nigeria (Offshore East) Limited; Esso Exploration and Production Nigeria Limited; Mobil Producing Nigeria Unlimited
• Netherlands Netherlands: Esso Nederland B.V.; ExxonMobil Capital Netherlands B.V.; ExxonMobil Chemical Holland B.V.; ExxonMobil Development Africa B.V.; ExxonMobil LNG Services B.V.; Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V. (50 %)
• New Zealand New Zealand: Mobil Oil New Zealand Limited
• Norway Norway: Esso Norge AS; ExxonMobil Exploration and Production Norway AS; ExxonMobil Holding Norway AS; ExxonMobil Russia Kara Sea Holdings B.V.
• Papua New Guinea

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Exxon And Mobile began their history at the end of the 19th century, when American industry developed rapidly in numerous sectors - metallurgy, railways, banking, etc. The developing national oil industry picked up the pace, growing demand for kerosene, lubricants and fats.
In 1882 John Rockefeller (John D. Rockefeller) organized Standard Oil Trust. The same year was marked by the reorganization of companies - Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey and Standard Oil Co. of New York. As a result of the transformation, two companies appeared jersey standard And Socony, which were the predecessors of Exxon and Mobil, respectively.
For both companies, the rest of the century was a time of expansion beyond America's shores. The growing demand for kerosene made it possible to export products in large quantities. Branches and offices of the two companies spread throughout Asia and Europe. Kerosene lamps Standard Oil's MEI FOO opened up a vast new market.

In 1911 Supreme Court The US decided to dissolve Standard Oil Trust, resulting in 34 independent companies, including jersey standard And socony. During the same period, the national production of kerosene was for the first time sidelined by the previously rejected by-product, gasoline. The growing car market eventually inspired socony to create a new brand Mobiloil, registered in 1920.

After the collapse of the Standard Oil Trust, jersey standard And socony compete separately from each other in a market with fewer resources at their disposal. Over the next two decades, each company developed rapidly, from manufacturing to refining and research. They have also expanded in the US and overseas. Large acquisitions and mergers of companies: jersey standard acquired 50 percent of Humble Oil & Refining Co., a Texas oil producer. Further socony bought 45 percent in Magnolia Petroleum Co. In 1931 Socony merged with Vacuum Oil Co., an industry pioneer dating back to 1866.
For both companies, distribution remained a major problem. In Asia and the Pacific regions, jersey standard had oil production and oil refineries in Indonesia but had no marketing network. In 1933 jersey standard And Socony-Vacuum united their interests in the region in 50/50 joint ventures. Standard-Vacuum Oil Co. operated in more than 50 countries before being liquidated in 1962.

The expansion was temporarily interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. Both companies began to increase output to supply the Allied forces. Collaboration with the Military Industrial Complex required the creation of new technologies such as, innovation process For octane boost fuel (Jersey Standard) and synthetic lubricants (Socony-Vacuum). Both companies suffered wartime losses. Tankers and their crews perished in the high seas. Oil refineries and other facilities in Europe and Asia were destroyed.
In the years after the war, the booming industry in the United States and the rebuilding of Europe helped jersey standard And Socony-Vacuum restore their previous positions. New technologies and growing markets also encouraged the development petrochemical production and many derivative products. Over the following years, the predecessor companies learned to transform by-products refining into many basic petrochemicals and numerous derivatives. After the end of the Second World War, these two companies have the most advanced technology and have markets and business connections in over 100 countries.

Mobil Chemical Company was established in 1960. Prior to 1999, the main products included olefins and aromatics, ethylene glycol and polyethylene. The company produced synthetic bases and additives for engine oil, propylene, and catalysts. Production bases were located in 10 countries.
Exxon Chemical Company became a worldwide organization in 1965 and until 1999 was the main producer and marketer of olefins, aromatics, polyethylene and polypropylene, along with specialty lines such as elastomers, plasticizers, solvents, oxo alcohols and adhesive resins. The company has been a leader in the production of unique polymers, with production bases located in 24 countries.

Two chemical companies have joined forces in ExxonMobil Chemical. Socony-Vacuum became Socony Mobil Oil Co. in 1955, and simply Mobil Oil Corp. in 1966. A decade later, the newly formed Mobil Corporation added Mobil Oil as a subsidiary. Jersey Standard changed its name to Exxon Corporation in 1972 and established trademark Exxon in the United States. In other parts of the world, Exxon and its affiliates have continued to use the longstanding trademark "Esso + branch name", e.g. Esso Belgium.

In the 1970s, the world was shaken by the Arab oil embargo and the revolution in Iran. These events have caused disruptions in oil supplies, emergency prices, and efforts to develop alternative energy sources. Exxon, Mobil and other companies have ramped up research and development outside the Middle East - in the North Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, Africa and Asia. By the early 1980s, oil was in surplus and prices fell. Late 20th century Exxon, Mobil and other companies continued to work with inexpensive raw materials. Markets in the United States and Europe were overcrowded and competition was fierce. Each company continued to promote new technologies, introduce marketing innovations, and expand their markets. Exxon And Mobile became the most efficient, they were able to reduce costs and increase the value of their shares.

In 1998 Exxon And Mobile signed an agreement to merge and create a new company ExxonMobil Corporation.
« The merger will increase our efficiency and become a global competitor in the global economy and industry' said Chairman of the Board of Directors Lee Raymond and CEO Exxon And Mobile Lou Noto. The merger of the companies was completed on November 30, 1999.

The main owners of the company are Barclays Global Investors and State Street Global Advisors, as well as a number of private investors. In 2005, the company's revenue was $371 billion and its net income reached $36.18 billion. More than 88300 people are included in the state