- Seryoga, work! the sailor shouts from the deck to the captain on the bridge.
"Work" - to earn some money with the engine to change course slightly. We are at sea, aboard a small fishing boat "Ladoga". A longshore longliner is allowed to fish in a narrow 12-mile strip between land and the open sea ...
Small fishing boat
Finding "Ladoga" was not easy. At low tide - low tide! - the bot was hiding behind the decking of the pier of the Teribersky ship repair workshops. Only the pancake of the locator betrayed the lurking coastal man, and the border guard, who, on duty, came to see the fishermen out to sea.
"Ladoga" is not impressive in scale: 20 tons of displacement and 20 meters in length, a crew of four people - a captain and three sailors.
Captain Sergey Dmitriev– 32. He, like his brother Denis, is local, from . Sailors Fedor Kovalev And Valery Vergeichik- Murmansk people. Balagur and hokhmach Valery in Soviet times would be the first candidate for a poster for the Day of the Fisherman - the dimensions of a boxer of the first heavy weight, when shaking hands, my palm (honestly - rather big) sinks into his hand.
Captain Dmitriev by profession ... a ship's cook. A young vocational school graduate without experience was not taken to the big sea and he returned to his native Teriberka, got a job at a fish factory, started a family (daughter and son). And then he studied at the GIMS courses ( State Inspectorate small boats) and became a captain. He also works as a firefighter. When he is on duty, his brother replaces him in the captain's chair.
Fyodor Kovalev, a Murmansk resident, never thought in his life that he would become a sailor. In his youth, he served in some very "cunning" troops (in which, keeping a subscription, he still does not speak) and for ten years became restricted to travel abroad. Then retraining and another "ten". What kind of seas and foreign countries are there ... But he “went off” after the persuasion of a friend - the owner of Ladoga. Fyodor is happy with everything at sea. What about life away from family? So if a strong wind blows, he and Valery jumped into the car - and to Murmansk, to their families.
Vergeichik from the "Ladozhans" was the only one who visited distant seas. Since the 90th year in the trawl fleet. But then I got bored:
What did I see there? I stood on the roadstead and looked at the desert. Namibia, Mauritania... Well, a call to Santa Cruz, the Canary Islands... Yes, what are the calls now - they came in the morning and flew away in the evening. You don't roam especially.
Does he like to walk? He says, laughing it off: “Vodka? What about the meaning? Here and without it shakes. Now it would be just right for Valery to whistle, causing a storm wind according to the sea sign: in early July, his wife and children returned from vacation to Murmansk. “We haven’t seen each other yet, they just cracked on the phone. I'm waiting for it to blow."
At the crossing the captain leads state conversation with the head of the committee of the fishery complex of the Murmansk region Oleg Zabolotsky. “State”, because the conversation seems to be about trifles, but it concerns topics on which the life of the entire Teriberka and other coastal villages depends.
Previously, everyone in the village could go out to sea on his boat and catch the norm: 15 kilos of cod per day. Not much, but if you sell it to a local fish factory, a decent contribution to the family budget (work in Teriberka is sparse). So they canceled the norm! Border guards say: catch at least 50 kilos, but without the right to sell.
Captain Sergei Dmitriev. Photo: Lev Fedoseev
"Dot"
First, a small anchor is sent overboard, then a buoy-rep and a pole indicating the start of the tackle. A tier (finger-thick end) in portions of 400 meters is placed in 20 baskets. On "Ladoga" they are called "purses".
The tier from the stern is poisoned into the sea: every one and a half meters, hooks with bait - pieces of herring. The tackle in the purses is laid in loops, a piece of paper is placed under each portion of the bait so that the hook does not cling to the end. The paper, of course, gets wet, the bait falls through and a “beard” (confusion) is formed. You could use parchment. But it's expensive.
They know how to count money here. “Order” (as they call 20 “purse” here) is equipped on the shore by women from the bait shop. It costs the owner of Ladoga 4,000 rubles. The bait itself, 90 kilos of herring - another 1800. Add the price of fuel, repairs, mooring fees, electricity (in the parking lots the boat is powered from the shore), the crew salary ...
The tackle is set, the end is indicated by the second pole. Now wait a few hours until the marine life garlands (as we would like) hang on the hooks of the four-mile tier. Sailors go down to the galley. Or is it in the dining room? I don’t know what to call this tiny room: a microwave oven, a two-burner stove, two kettles. TV. The fishermen begin to cut into the translated "fool". They play recklessly, with tricks and comic insults. But somehow it’s not serious - they don’t keep score.
Tiny "Ladoga" in a seemingly calm sea shakes fairly. But we were still lucky with the weather: when a strong wind blows, the Ladoga residents are chained to the shore. There are months when, due to bad weather, they make only one flight (“walker”, 12-hour exit). Then the earnings of the fishermen are corresponding - only five thousand. In a good month, they make up to a dozen “walkers”.
But, as they say here, fish is a matter of water. Sometimes three and a half tons are lifted at the “point”, and the next day the “order” can bring only a couple of centners of fish.
- It’s bad that we, the coastal dwellers, have a 12-mile limit - they looked at the map, they would let them go at least 18 miles, there are good “holes” there ... It would be nice to go fishing in these places ...
Sergei is trying to understand why at the same point it is either thick or empty: maybe a change in currents or phases of the moon affect the behavior of the fish? He even went to Murmansk, to the Polar Institute of Scientific Fisheries and Oceanography for advice. Scientists were not pleased: "We do not study coastal fish."
Bloopers
We drift towards the shore. A yellow lighthouse against a blue sky and white foamy waves trying to “lick” up to the lighthouse. And with a calm sea, the turbulence is such that I manage to knock on all the bulkheads with all conceivable parts of the body.
On the deck of the Ladoga, Sergei Dmitriev and Oleg Zabolotsky while away the hours of waiting in an unspoken competition - they catch fish by hooking. The captain is noticeably more successful, he has already pulled out three small cods. But now the official (actually, Zabolotsky is a graduate of an average seafarer, went to the seas in the White Sea base of the goslov) takes revenge: he pulls out haddock, which alone weighs like three captain's fish.
And it's time for us to raise the tier - closer to midnight we approached the first pole. "Ladoga" raise the anchor ("not confused - good omen!”), they hook the tier onto a mechanism with a tricky name like a winch and - let's go! The first sea gives two small haddock. And then, in turn, cod, flounder, catfish went on board. There were also "stowaways" - crabs, clams and a lot of stingrays. They are immediately sent overboard: the crab cannot be caught, and the rays (they say they are edible) have nowhere to attach.
The captain at the helm led the boat. Vergeichik with a "blunder" (short hook) was the first to meet the fish - "blundered". Some of the “guests” were unhooked on the way to the winch and either thrown into a box or sent to sea. He gently picked up someone from below (did not stick a hook into the fish), as if he were putting a lady under the elbow in a carriage. Later, Valery explained: it all depends on how the fish took the hook - deep or not very much, if only a little - you need to “blurt”, otherwise it will break.
When there was a lot of fish, Denis and Fyodor began to cut it with two knives. Entrails and heads fly overboard, and a squadron of seagulls is attached to the Ladoga in the wake. Real, not vociferous gopniks of Murmansk dumps.
Three with superfluous hours the tier rose. Evil predatory catfish. Stubborn swarming arthropods ("take a picture - and overboard, otherwise the border guards have a lot of paper!"). Cod with bulging eyes due to change in pressure. Sea burbot with a pink bubble bursting from its mouth - because of the same pressure, the burbot liver asks to come out.
I learned a lot of new words: "mitten" - a small cod, "bike" - a long skinny fish. We called the largest cod "elephant". Posing, Denis raised one such "elephant". Kilo 20 will pull? Denis grins: no, no, eight, no more. It is understandable, in the wrong hands the fish is always fatter.
... "Ladoga" climbs the wave with its nose. The midnight sun on the horizon tries (but still can't) to sink into the sea. The pitching is not keel and not side - chattering, all at once, the bot writes out some intricate figure eights in three dimensions at once. I stand on the deck, clinging to the bulwark. And the "Ladojans" are still "blurting", chopping fish heads with knives, showing miracles of balance and tightrope walking. The fisherman is some kind of higher and very special stage of human evolution. How would it be in Latin? Homo maris? "Homo navalis"?
Tier raised. There are 200 kilos of haddock in boxes, 100 kilos of cod and fifty by-catch - flounders and catfish. Not much. But tomorrow will again be the day of the fisherman.
MRB pr.902TM is the most popular fishing vessel in fishing collective farms!
Project 902TM has round-chinned contour lines and is superior in its technical specifications similar MRB projects of the Ladoga and Akhtar shipyards, as well as the sharp-chinned MRB project designed by KTI and rejected by Kaliningrad fishermen.
MRB is built to order in the required configuration, namely:
1. Painted hull, doors, windows, portholes,
2. Engine with systems,
3. Remote motor control,
4. Steering (hydraulic),
5. All necessary electrics,
6. Sanitary appliances,
7. Interior decoration with furniture,
8. Registration in RRR,
Vessel type: small-sized transport and fishing boat pr.902TM (modernized MRB pr.902T (with transom stern). Optimized for the requirements of the Russian River Register by creating a new project according to the new requirements of RRR (lengthened modern engine, improved layout, etc.). Single-deck, steel, with a wheelhouse and an engine room in the stern, a shelter in the bow and a cargo hold in the middle of the vessel. The shape of the stern is transom with a death outward. The deck is along the entire length of the vessel with the passage of the entire perimeter from bow to stern. In the bow on the deck of the cockpit cap.
Purpose:transportation in tow of fishing boats with fixed fishing gear or catch, as well as fresh delivery of the catch to the shore. Delivery of special personnel (6 people) on board the vessel to the places of setting and processing of fishing gear, as well as to the place of delivery of the catch and the place of permanent deployment of the vessel.
Area and time of navigation: the area of navigation is the coastal part of the Baltic Sea, the Curonian Lagoon, the Kaliningrad Lagoon, rivers, canals and other water bodies of the Kaliningrad Region. Swimming time - the period of "clean" water (from the moment of ice melting to freezing). Swimming mode - round the clock.
Autonomy:autonomy of the vessel in terms of fuel, water and provisions for at least 1 day at full speed.
Frame:the product has a strong steel hull, high seaworthiness, excellent driving performance, sufficient habitability. Hull material - ship steel 09G2S.
Vessel class:R 1.2 A2 according to the Russian River Register. (only registration of a vessel in the river or sea registers allows you to engage in commercial activities).
Main technical data and equipment of the vessel:
The greatest length is 11.6 m.
The length between perpendiculars is 9.4 m.
Estimated width - 3.0 m.
Overall width - 3.07 m.
Board height amidships - 1.2 m.
Draft - 0.8 m.
Engine - diesel D240, 80 hp, hydraulic reducer 1: 3
Fuel tanks: 1.0 t.
Speed - 7 knots
Towing speed - 5 knots
Steering gear - hydraulics
Crew: 1 person
Passenger capacity: 7(6+1) pers.
Standard engine: marine D240 with hydraulic gearbox, 80 hp
Electrical equipment:
- side, stern and top running lights
- accumulator battery
- lighting 12\24 V in all rooms
Instruments, throttle (reverse), steering wheel
The color of the hull of the vessel - at the choice of the client (paints Yotun, Hempel, International)
Fishing gear - fixed nets, nets on deck or hold in the amount of 1 ton (wet nets).
Ship building:
The cost of the MRB is 6000 tr. Staged prepayment of construction. First installment 2000 tr.
Construction period - 6 months. with stable financing of the project.
Conclusion of a contract with an estimate for construction.
Make your dream come true, become the owner of a commercial fishing vessel at Russian prices!
Many of us, Irkutsk motorists, had wooden displacement boats in the past. Basically, these were decommissioned "Dori" and small fishing boats of the "MRB-20" and "MRB-40" type. For many years we have sailed on these ships along the Irkutsk reservoir and along Baikal, which is famous not only for its obstinate character, but also for the almost complete absence of refueling along the banks. That is why seaworthy and economical "slow" boats are especially popular with us.
Unfortunately, the time comes when the burden of the burden of the owner of such a wooden vessel becomes unbearable. The old case begins to filter water, more and more places of rot appear in the set. The funds and effort invested in repairs no longer give any effect. It's time to think about replacing the ship.
It is almost impossible to buy a wooden case. But for a long time no one dared to build a more reliable and practical steel one on their own. It was scary: I was frightened by the unfamiliar technology of working with metal, mainly the complexity of bending and marking and testing work. Indeed, how, for example, to achieve an exact correspondence to the plaza of the outlines of numerous bent frames? How to control the bending of the outer skin sheets of a round bilge hull? On the other hand, the steel option became more and more accessible: enterprises got the opportunity to sell "non-liquid" and "substandard"; although rare, they began to appear in shops trimming sheet metal.
Igor Chernykh (a driver by profession) gave an example and impetus to all of us, united by common interests in a peculiar, nowhere, of course, officially registered club.
Was invented and successfully applied an unusual, in the fan case, previously unknown to us method of "molding" a steel hull on a block, which is the hull of an existing vessel. There is only one minus of this method: it is clear that the ship under construction will be a somewhat (to the height of the shelves of the set) an enlarged copy of the one that serves as a blockhead according to the contours.
Thanks to this successful solution of the main problem, we managed to build six buildings in four years. I think the experience gained can be useful to other amateur shipbuilders.
The first thing I advise you to start with is the choice and equipment of a place for construction. You will need a welding transformer and a regular tool for plumbing work. Much easier to use flame cutting. It is highly desirable not only to find a partner, but to cooperate with several amateurs, as we did: when the effort is combined, the work goes much faster.
Like a blockhead, we used the outdated fishing "dori", Later on, ships with the contours of the "MRB-40" were built using the same technology.
The hull-doodle was laid up with a keel. On its outer skin, the position of the frames of the ship under construction was marked with an actual spacing of 400 mm. The stem, keel and sternpost were laid along the DP line (a narrow strip 15-20 mm thick). Now it was possible to start manufacturing frames from an angular profile. At first, we bent the frames along the blockhead with the help of sledgehammer blows. In the manufacture of subsequent vessels, the technology was simplified: both blanks of one frame (from the DP to the side) temporarily grabbed the shelf to the shelf, the “upper” end was temporarily welded to the keel and the frame was pressed along the hull by two or three people. Thus, the manufacture of strictly symmetrical both branches of one frame took no more than 10 minutes. The situation was more complicated with flexible frames at the extremities. In the future, we also mechanized this work, using a roller from an old thicknessing machine for profile bending.
Manufactured frames were marked, then the tacks were removed. The time lost to remove the tacks was paid off by the high quality of work, since the shelves of the squares practically did not lead to the sides during bending.
Then, along the line of the upper edge of the side, a fender bent in place was placed from a pipe with a diameter of 60-80 mm; its ends were welded to the stems. The prepared branches were laid in their places and, after fitting the ends, were welded to the keel and to the fender. The installation of frames began from the midsection. This is one of the most critical operations in which special care is required. Any negligence turns into a waste of time during the subsequent fitting of skin sheets and a sloppy appearance of the hull.
With the accumulation of experience, it became possible, at the request of the owner, even to change the contours of the stern and bow ends. So, we all know that the MRB has rather blunt bow contours, therefore, when moving against the wave, strong blows and splashing of the deck are felt. We began to make the bow of the boat much sharper by increasing the inclination of the stem. The collapse of the side, given to the frames, improved the germination on the wave and reduced flooding. In the stern, on the contrary, they increased the completeness of the contours, since when installing a more powerful engine than on the prototype, a significant trim to the stern was observed. In the future, we were convinced in practice of the expediency of the changes made.
After welding the frames to the keel and the fender, the set was removed from the block. I will also add that when performing welding work on a wooden blockhead, it is necessary to carefully monitor fire safety.
Then, brackets, floors, stringers and other power elements of the set were installed at the corners of the frame frames.
At first, we were very intimidated by the complexity of bending and fitting the skin to the set. The first ships were built with a hull thickness of 3-4 mm, on subsequent ships we even increased the thickness of the keel belt to 6 mm. With the acquisition of certain skills in working with a sledgehammer, lever and clamps, this stage of work turned out to be not so difficult and even brought satisfaction, since the results of labor clearly loomed before our eyes.
The sheathing assembled on tacks was welded with an intermittent seam to the set. Then a qualified welder invited by us welded the joints and grooves. This was followed by the "normal" stage of completion; bulkheads were welded in, a deck, superstructures, engine frame, etc. were installed. At the same time, embedded parts were also welded to the set for fastening the internal lining and fittings, berths, etc.
The engine was mounted on rubber shock absorbers, which reduces vibration and noise. Styrofoam was used for thermal insulation of the interior, which at the same time provides a reserve of buoyancy in emergency situations.
All the owners of the new steel boats were satisfied with the results of the work. The displacement of the ship, in comparison with the wooden prototype, not only did not increase, but even turned out to be somewhat less; concrete ballast was used to load the hull before draft along the design waterline (this work was already carried out afloat).
Several ships built by us were equipped with auxiliary sailing equipment on two masts. With a tailwind of 5-6 m / s, the speed under sail is 7-9 km / h. Sailing weapons are also useful in that they drastically reduce rolling.
Tem. who wants to repeat our experience, we wish you success.
A characteristic sign of each seaside fishing area is the abundance of fishing boats various types. Flotillas of these small vessels contribute a significant proportion to the total catch. IN Lately their importance has increased especially in connection with the widespread introduction of extensive national fisheries protection zones and regulated fishing conditions, which have reduced the areas of traditional fishing for large fishing vessels.
The trawl fishing boat, which will be discussed on these pages, is one of the latest and most advanced coastal fishing vessels used in our country.
The purpose of the trawlboat is to catch fish with a small trawl and drift nets* no further than 20 miles from the port of refuge, as well as to transport the caught fish to the port. Autonomy of navigation - 12 days.
The boat has the following main dimensions: the maximum length (Lnb) - 12.75 m, the length along the waterline (L) - 11.7 m, the width (B) - 3 m, the draft (T) - 1.3 m. Speed (V ) reaches 8 knots, or 14.8 km/h. Displacement (D) - 18 tons.
The hull of the trawlbot is steel, with side keels. V-shaped frames provide the vessel with good seaworthiness and maneuvering qualities. The stem is inclined at an angle of 30°. This form of bow formations helps to reduce the breaker at the stem and reduces the pitching when the ship is in severe weather conditions. The forecastle prevents waves from flooding the deck, which makes it easier to control the vessel and improve working conditions.
In the aft gap there is one large three-bladed propeller, and behind it is a balancing rudder. The use of the transom stern is due to the desire to get a large area of the aft deck and below-deck spaces. This made it possible to place the engine room in the stern, a large cabin on the deck, and trawl arcs with hanging blocks and guide blocks on the starboard and left sides.
A trawl winch with a mechanical drive from the main engine, which has two drums for trawl ropes (warp ropes) and one pair of turrets, is located in front of the cabin in the light cap of the engine room. It performs all work on lifting and lowering fishing gear. In the middle part of the hull above the fish hold there is a hatch with a small coaming and wooden luchins.
For the convenience of descending into the living quarters, a cap with round portholes is installed on the forecastle. A mast rises on it, braced to the sides with shrouds, and in the diametrical plane with stays. From the mast to the cabin, a stay-karnak with a cargo block is stretched. The cable passing through the latter allows mechanizing hold work with the help of a trawl winch.
Bollards at the stern and bow serve for mooring and towing operations.
1 - cable lanyard, 2 - forestay, 3 - tubular railing, 4 - side mooring hawse, 5 - visor, 6 - cap of living quarters, 7 - handrail, 8 - round porthole, 9 - forecastle, 10 - - shroud, 11 - mast, 12 - towing light, 13 - masthead light, 14 - top light, 15 - backstay, 16 - state flag, 17 - cargo block, 18 - duck, 19 - bulwark, 20 - storm ports, 21 - trawl winch, 22 - chimney, 23 - karnak stay, 24 - searchlight, 25 - side lights (right - green, left - red), 26 - galvanized fire, 27 - wheelhouse, 28 - trawl arch, 29 - outboard block, 30 - transom, 31 - balance wheel pen, 32 - three-bladed propeller, 33 - guide block, 34 - side block, 35 - central block, 36 - door, 37 - lifebuoy, 38 - buttress, 39 - bollards, 40 - Admiralty anchor , 41 - junction box, 42 - fish hatch, 43 - measuring rod.
The general view, details and theoretical drawing of the trawlbot are shown on a scale of 1: 50. According to the classification requirements of the Federation of Ship Modeling Sports of the USSR, the model can be built on the scales given in the table.
Paint the model in the following colors: hull below the waterline, rudder blade, side keels - dark red or dark green; deck, forecastle deck - light brown; cabin, burl on the forecastle, railing and handrails, door, wall of the burl and forecastle from the deck side - white; mast, trawl arches, cargo block - ivory; searchlight, blocks, trawl winch, chimney, freeboard, bulwark and canopy on the inside - light gray; anchor, bollards - black; lifebuoy - light orange; the state flag is red; sickle and hammer and an asterisk on the national flag - yellow crowns; finish the hatches and the door in the wheelhouse under the tree and varnish; measuring rod - black and white.
*Drift-net- modern networks interconnected in the so-called "order": at one end they are attached to the vessel, the other to the end buoy and held in a vertical position at a certain depth with the help of floats.
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