A similar question is faced by many citizens involved in the sale of goods / services. In particular, the problem is relevant for newcomers to this environment who cannot afford to pay for the work of an accountant. How to calculate VAT 18% of the amount and how does the formula work?
Before understanding this issue, it is worth understanding what VAT is. This is a tax that has been introduced in the Russian Federation since 1992. The consumer, when buying a product, pays this tax to the seller, since it is already included in the price. The main tasks with which he must cope:
- Exclusion of constant tax collection during production and commercial activities;
- Reduce the risk of non-payment of tax fees;
- Raising the level of competitiveness of products that were produced by a domestic manufacturer.
It turns out that VAT (value added tax) plays a key role in the field of trade. VAT can be calculated based on the starting rate:
- 18% is the basic tax rate for most goods. As it is right, it is with this percentage that most entrepreneurs have to work;
- 10% - reduced plan rate. It is possible if a citizen is engaged in the sale of goods that are included in a special state list;
- 0% - in accordance with article 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
Who has to pay tax
It is important to know who exactly falls under the category of payers of this tax penalty. Before starting to take into account these data, you need to make sure that the activity complies with the legal requirements for VAT payments. Subject to tax are:
- All companies related to the status of legal entities. It doesn't matter if you belong to any department. Banks, insurance institutions, international format associations, non-commercial organizations (only when implementing trading type transactions). All are subject to VAT. An exception may be only some transactions that are not legally taxable;
- IP. Regardless of the type of activity. Each entrepreneur must pay VAT 18;
- Citizens who transport valuable items through customs. In this case, the same tax formula VAT 18 applies.
Each payer must be registered with the tax authorities. For hiding income, non-payment of tax penalties / forgery of documents - citizens are punished in accordance with Russian law. Avoiding tax payments is strongly discouraged.
Structures that do not have to pay VAT:
- Which switched to a simplified system of taxation / payment of a single agricultural type tax. It can be organizations, individual entrepreneurs, enterprises;
- In accordance with the laws of the Russian Federation, if for three months the activity of an entrepreneur, the sale of goods / services turned out to be less than 2 million rubles in total, then the citizen is exempted from VAT tax payments for this time period. Applies only to operations conducted in Russia.
VAT is paid quarterly. That is, no later than the 20th day of the month following the three-month decade. For example, payments for the spring quarter must be made before June 20.
In the near future, experts do not predict a change in the VAT rate. This is a very positive statement for many entrepreneurs.
What is the formula for calculating VAT 18% of the amount
There are several formulas for different situations. Each should display the amount depending on the situation and requirements. The formulas look like this:
- Simple VAT calculation: X=(Amount * 18)/100. In this case, X acts as the amount of the tax;
- Calculation of VAT from the total amount, including tax: Х=(AmountН\118)*18. AmountN is the total cost, including tax;
- Formula with calculation without including VAT: X=(SumN/118)*100. X is the amount without tax. AmountN - amount including VAT;
- Calculation formula with VAT: SumN=Sum*1.18. Amount is the amount excluding VAT. SumN - amount with VAT;
- Calculate the tax amount to be paid to the budget, taking into account the deduction of VAT. In this case, VAT = SumT-SumP, where SumT is the price for the intermediary, and SumP is the price of the supplier.
It is these formulas that are key during various calculations related to VAT. Many entrepreneurs do deduction/accounting manually, without the help of accountants (although it is better to entrust this matter to professionals). In this regard, errors may occur, numbers entered are not always correct / other.
Of course, this approach justifies itself with small volumes of purchases and sales. In such a situation, the extra expenses for accounting look unjustified. VAT calculation formulas may seem complicated at first glance. This is wrong. It takes a little practice and they are firmly deposited in the head.
Conclusion
On the Internet you can find tasks, from simple to complex, that will allow you to hone your deduction skills. In addition, there are a number of portals that offer their customers to use the services of an online calculator that calculates the amount of VAT. One of the simplest measurements http://nds-calculator-online.ru. How to calculate VAT 18% of the amount and not get confused in the numbers - described in detail above. It is also worth paying attention to specialized accounting programs - 1C.
