Shovel production: how to open a business? Making cuttings for shovels at home.

A cutting is a piece of wood for attaching a tool to it. Basically, they are made for agricultural implements, namely, for shovels, rakes, pitchforks and brooms. The cuttings are made from beech, ash, birch or oak, that is, from deciduous trees. It should be noted that high-quality cuttings that will meet all operational requirements can only be produced on special machines.

The production of cuttings for garden tools is most often an additional and non-core activity in the sawmill and logging industry as a monetization of forest waste. However, having good sources of raw materials and having access to profitable markets, such production can become the main and quite profitable.

Such products are usually most in demand during the period from March to June. Of course, the increase in demand is associated with the onset of the agricultural season. Direct consumers of such a product are in a hurry to upgrade and buy more inventory.

Technology for the production of cuttings and equipment

Production requires compliance with technological conditions. Otherwise, it may adversely affect the quality of the product. When selecting wood for production, one should take into account the conditions in which this product will be used.

For a rake or broom, it is best to use hardwood and softwood, and for hammers, sledgehammers or axes, the most durable trees.

One way or another, you first need to bring the raw material into the desired shape, that is, it must be leveled, cut, give it approximate contours and machined. The size of the workpiece should be almost the same as the diameter of the cutting being harvested, about 3-4cm. For the processing of cuttings, a specialized woodworking machine is used. The finished product must be sanded, polished and, if necessary, painted or varnished.

Video how to make cuttings:

The handle should not have any cracks, burrs, chips, roughness. No more than three knots are allowed. Finished products are sorted, labeled and packaged for transportation. Production also includes testing the product for strength and moisture content, which should not exceed 14%. Typically, the handle for shovels has a length of 120-130 millimeters, a diameter of 40 millimeters.

Deciduous species of trees (alder, birch and beech) are used for production. From coniferous trees, for example, pine, cedar, products are made for certain needs of enterprises. This is due to the fact that conifers are very resinous and heavy.

Cuttings are divided into varieties:

• Without knots - the highest grade.
• The presence of knots is allowed, no more than three millimeters in size - the first grade.
• The presence of several knots up to 7 millimeters in size is allowed - the second grade. The size of tobacco knots is up to 4 millimeters.

For the manufacture of spade cuttings, it is necessary to give a rounded shape to this workpiece and grind it so that it is as convenient as possible to use it. First of all, they round and sharpen the end (like a cone). To give a rounded shape to the handle, use a round stick machine.

Using a universal round stick machine, you can not only make cuttings, but also other cylindrical blanks. On such equipment, it is possible to process a variety of tree species, as well as wood of different softness.

When choosing a machine, you should pay attention to the fact that they may have different performance. For small organizations for which woodworking is not the main activity, it is best to buy a machine with the lowest power. This will enable you to save money. For large enterprises, of course, a machine with maximum productivity is suitable. When buying machines, pay attention to the availability of quality certificates.

Grinding the handle on a grinding machine is very high quality and fast. And it is also easily smoothed and given a conical shape to the end of the handle.

As a rule, for large deliveries, the cuttings are not given a conical shape. Round the workpiece from one end only. A similar form is given only for delivery to and during the assembly of ready-made inventory.

The release of cuttings exclusively for shovels is not cost-effective. Therefore, increase the range. In this way, you will greatly increase the number of your customers.

The production of cuttings for shovels is almost one to one similar to the production process for other types of tools - the difference is only in their diameter.

In addition to shovels, cuttings can also be produced for all kinds of agricultural equipment.

Documentation Compliance

The production of cuttings must be carried out in accordance with GOSTs and regulatory documents - cuttings must have certain dimensions (diameter, length).

Room for the production of cuttings (workshop)

The business of making cuttings is good because it does not imply the presence of large premises. For comfortable working conditions, it is enough to have a room of up to 100 square meters.

Staff for the production of cuttings

Four people will be enough to work on the production line during the work shift.

There is no need to hire highly skilled workers, since the production of cuttings is a fairly simple process.

Equipment for the production of cuttings

Making cuttings implies a mandatory presence. Their number depends on the planned production volumes.

At the initial stage of your business, one unit of each machine will be enough for you.

Cutting machines

• machine for grinding one end of the workpiece and sharpening the second - from 55 thousand rubles;
• round stick machine - from 100 thousand rubles;
• circular grinding machine - from 70 thousand rubles.

Nevertheless to reduce the cost of production, you can use used machines.

Technology for the production of cuttings

Cuttings are produced from tree waste or from young shoots. You will not have any difficulties with the delivery of raw materials, since woodworking factories operate in all regions of the country.

Stages of technology for the manufacture of cuttings

• initial processing of wood;
• giving the future cutting the desired shape;
• grinding.

Implementation of cuttings

It is imperative to add an item to the business plan of the cuttings that would affect the sale of goods. Already at the stage of formation of your project, you need to Establish relationships with consumers about the delivery of finished products.

Ways to implement cuttings

You can implement cuttings:

• building supermarkets;
• housing maintenance offices;
• municipal governments;
• farmers and dacha communities.

Also, do not neglect retail consumers. An excellent way to sell finished products is its sale at construction markets.

For this you can open your own point of sale, which can later bring you a good profit.

How much can you earn on the manufacture of cuttings

The net income from making cuttings depends on the amount of goods you sell. During the season, it can sell up to 10 thousand cuttings, given the presence of well-established distribution channels.

The cost of one finished cutting ranges from 12-30 rubles at a cost of 5 rubles. Taking into account economic and organizational costs, the net income will be about 40-60 thousand rubles per month.

Cherenkov has a payback period of 6 months. By increasing the client audience, gradually you will be able to expand your income.

It is quite successful, because despite the primitiveness of this device, the demand for it does not fall. The same is observed in the production of rakes - any land requires care and processing, whether it is cleaning leaves or digging up the earth.

Regardless of the type of shovels or rakes, the production of cuttings brings them all together. Making cuttings can become a separate line of business.

Processing cuttings

When opening the production of shovels and rakes, start by making cuttings. It will be easier to produce wooden cuttings. Each stage of wood processing requires special equipment.

Production process:

1. Giving the material a rounded shape.

Buy a round stick machine (cost - about 150,000 rubles)

1. Shank grinding.

A grinding machine is needed, costing about 70,000 rubles.

2LU/75 from SIBO Società Industriale Brusa Ornavasso S.R.L. Purpose - polishing cuttings of a cylindrical or oval section, suitable for straight and curved shapes.

Characteristics:

1. End sharpening to put on the shovel or rake tine tray.

The machine for processing the ends of the handle - a cone on one side, roundness on the other. The price of the machine is about 55,000 rubles.

In total, equipment for cuttings will cost about 300,000 rubles. Also consider purchasing used equipment, it will cost less.

Pay attention to the production lines from SIBO:

Manufacturing of metal shovels

The production of metal shovels consists of several stages, each of which requires the presence of special equipment:

1. Primary processing

A guillotine is a device for cutting a necessary piece of metal. There are:

• manual;
• pneumatic.

The choice of guillotine is determined by the thickness of the metal.

Drilling machine. For example, buy a machine -40. Characteristics:

• country of origin - China;
• equipment power - 250 W;
• voltage - 220 V;
• Belting;
• asynchronous motor type;
• drilling diameter - 1.5 - 13 mm;
• 5 spindle speeds (620 - 2,620 rpm);
• comes with a protective screen
• desktop size - 160 x 160 mm.

The grinder is necessary for sharpening the edge, which is done at an angle of 20º, due to which the thickness of the metal is reduced to 0.5 mm.

1. Welding- this is the process of attaching the finished tray to the holder in which the stalk will be placed. Use spot or line welding.

A good option is a welding machine or spotter for steel from the French manufacturer GYS. The equipment is designed for spot welding, has 75 programs and is easy to set up. You can set the power level. Also used for removing dents with a special reverse hammer, welds nails and rivets, removes minor damage.

1. Anti-corrosion works- this is the application of a special coating to the finished product, which is in the form of:

• powder or ordinary paint (a drying chamber is required);
• galvanizing (requires a galvanizing bath or a mechanism for thermal diffusion galvanizing).

1. Fastening the finished tray to the handle

Video: automatic line for the production of shovels

Plastic shovels

The production of this type of shovels differs significantly from metal ones.

You will need completely different equipment.

1. extruder.

Raw materials are poured into it. The machine creates the shape of a shovel on its own, after which you need to cool it and make an aluminum rim to increase strength;

Typically, extruders work with LDPE, HDPE, PP, PA, ABS and PS.

Dosers, melt filters, hot end cutting can serve as additional equipment.

The cost of equipment is about 170,000 rubles.

1. Drying chamber.

Making wooden shovels

Required equipment:

1. Electric planer or jointer.

For example, 15-82. Peculiarities:

• 600 W motor, speed - 16000 rpm, which improves the quality of processing;
• smooth adjustment of the planing depth ensures high productivity of the equipment;
• quick and economical blade change system, easy adjustment;
• protection of the manufactured part;
• blocking of inclusion;
• equipment weight - only 2.5 kg;
• cost - 9 900 rubles.

1. Circular for shovels.

Stop your choice on . Its features:

• middle class;
• cutting depth - 80/55 mm;
• powerful electric motor;
• the presence of a working steel with dimensions of 930x950 mm;
• circle size - 245x30 mm;
• number of revolutions - 4,500 rpm;
• when changing the cutting disc, sawing of polymers and non-ferrous metal is possible;
• high disk rotation speed;
• makes oblique, longitudinal and transverse cuts at the right angle;
• cost - 5 600 rubles.

1. Drill for the production of shovels.

HP1640. Peculiarities:

• weight - 1.8 kg;
• engine power - 6 A;
• wood drilling diameter - 30 mm;
• drilling speed - 680 W;
• there is a function of precise speed control;
• has a ball bearing;
• Ergonomic design, rubber grip for improved tool control
• price - 5 150 rubles.

It is difficult to find a more popular and well-known tool than a shovel. Despite the active growth of mechanized devices and assemblies, in some cases only a shovel is able to cope with the task. What is a shovel? This is a manual type tool that is designed to work with soil, building materials and bulk materials and is used for clearing, pouring, and other works.

The prototype of modern shovels can be considered a tool that appeared in the Stone Age and was a pointed flat stone, which was connected by straps made of skins with a wooden bough. Its first purpose was to dig pits for animals and obtain edible root crops. The ancient Chinese improved the shovel, making it iron, and the impetus for its invention was problems with a lack of water, and shovels helped dig some of the first irrigation canals in the world.

Kinds

Despite the simplicity of the design of the shovel, which only shovels do not exist today, and depending on the purpose of their application and the blades used in the design, the following types of shovels are distinguished:

• scoop (square shape). It is intended for work with loose materials, such as grain, sand, crushed stone, gravel, etc.;
• digging or bayonet (flat with a pointed or rectangular shape and protrusions at the top). It is used in agriculture and when performing any earthmoving work;
• for snow removal (made with a wide scoop made of plywood, plastic and aluminum with stiffeners);
• snow-grain (universal for snow removal and unloading of grain and light bulk cargo);
• mining or coal (shovel for working with coal, mainly in mines)
• scoop (shovel for working with garbage with a short handle);
• infantry shovel or sapper shovel (a small shovel for opening a small trench).

During the existence of the Soviet Union, the state clearly regulated the production of a shovel, and a special state standard 19596-87 was issued, which indicated its types and main dimensions. So, for example, shovels were classified into construction, handling and gardening.

Structurally, the device of the shovel is very simple and consists of a handle and a bayonet. But how are shovels made and is it possible to talk about a full-fledged production of shovels? This will be discussed below.

Shovel production technology

For the most part, shovel handles are made according to a fairly simple process, and it consists only in the correct configuration and processing of wooden blanks, as a result of future shovel handles. The length of the handle depends on the type of shovel and most often is 120-130 cm and a diameter of 40 mm. For the manufacture of cuttings, he uses wooden species of deciduous trees, most of all they are found from birch, less often - ash and alder. The use of conifers is undesirable due to their heavy and resinous wood. In modern production, it is customary to distinguish 3 varieties of cuttings:

• The highest grade (complete absence of knots and burrs).
• First grade (a small number of knots up to 3mm).
• Second grade (a small number of knots up to 7mm).

The most important thing in the production technology of shovels is the manufacture of a blade; the service life of a shovel and its functionality directly depend on the quality of the blade. In the production of a blade of any shovel, the use of a complex technological process, as well as special equipment, is required.

All stages of the technology for the production of shovels (blades) can be divided into 4:

1. Mechanical restoration. With the help of a special machine - a guillotine, the shape of a shovel is made by cutting it out of the canvas. The type of guillotine used is selected based on the size of the metal sheet, which will later serve as the basis for the bayonet. In the future, finished blanks are processed on a variety of presses with stamps, where they are already given their final shape and size. Having passed the stamping stage, the bayonets are sharpened along the edge.
2. Welding works. A tulle is welded to the finished workpiece, the purpose of which is to hold the stalk.
3. Anti-corrosion robots. To prevent the formation of corrosion on the bayonet, special anti-corrosion agents are applied to it - galvanizing or polymer coating (carried out by hot or galvanized), painting. Then the blade is dried in a special drying chamber.
4. At the last stage, the bayonet and the handle of the shovel are connected.

Equipment for the production of shovels

All equipment that is used for the production of shovels can be divided into 2 large groups: the first is the machines and machines involved in the production of cuttings, and the second is special equipment needed for the manufacture of bayonets (blades).

Based on the goals in the production of cuttings, the following equipment is used:

• round stick machine (performs the task of giving a rounded shape to the handle);
• circular grinding machine (handling grinding);
• butt smoothing machine (gives a conical shape to the handle and makes it comfortable to use in hands).

Video how bayonet is made:

Of course, you can also from other steel.

For the production of steel blades, you need a guillotine, a press with a set of various dies, a drilling machine, a grinding machine, welding equipment, galvanizing equipment (bath or mechanism for thermal diffusion galvanizing), a chamber for painting and drying the finished product.

In the case of the production of plastic shovels and scoops, the equipment for the production of shovels includes an extruder and a drying chamber.

The mass production of spade handles, as is common in purely profit-driven economic models, constantly sacrifices quality and technological details of the process in favor of quantity. Of course, everyone benefits if you buy a new shovel every season, and not every few years.

A shovel handle that is not made correctly will very quickly lose its necessary qualities, and, as usual, it will have to be manually brought to condition again and again. Until one fine moment it simply cracks along its entire length or simply breaks. Therefore, today we will understand the mistakes of mass production that leave us without a handle to a shovel. And we will solve the problem: from what and how to make a handle for a shovel yourself.

1 Shank for a shovel - flaws in mass production

Woodworking enterprises, as a rule, will never tell you that, in pursuit of profit and quantity, they are constantly forced to violate the necessary stages of technology for the production of wooden products in at least several points:

1. Instead of solid solid wood, shovels were made from waste.
2. Transport humidity is the maximum degree of drying, which is absolutely unacceptable in the production of high-quality and durable garden tools. The result - drying out, the handle from the shovel is covered with cracks, the diameter decreases, and the holders become loose.
3. Sharpening of the working end is done on the arithmetic mean diameter of "any shovel". The result is a loose fit of the shovel on the handle.
4. Any "decor" applied to the handle from a shovel: paint, putty, thermal film, etc. are designed not to extend the working life of the product, but only to mask production flaws, increase the final cost or hide the original material from which the shovel handle was made.

2 A good handle for a shovel with your own hands

We will need:

• hammer;
• saw;
• plane;
• sandpaper;
• glue;
• impregnation;

For a shovel with a handle, you first need to determine for yourself two things: your diameter and length. Initially, gotta get this thread, (if you make a solid, not a glued stalk), so that its diameter is almost twice the required.

Naturally, the fibers should be as straight as possible. That is: there should be no knots, no bends, no forks on it. Then dry in the sun for about 15 days. The diameter will decrease slightly. Then, making sure that the wood is dry, we remove the extra layers with a planer, bringing the diameter of the handle to the final thickness we need.

Now we sand it with sandpaper, impregnate it, let it dry for as long as it is written on the impregnation bottle, varnish it and let it dry again, following the instructions. It is better to cover with varnish twice, thereby increasing the tensile strength of the handle.

Now we sharpen to the desired size, treat the cut point with impregnation, let it dry, then coat it with epoxy around the circumference, and put it on itself. We fill it with resin, and hit the handle on a hard surface several times, allowing the shovel to sit at the desired depth. After a day, the resin will dry and.

If instead of a solid branch it is decided to use boards, then do not forget about a few points. The board is taken dry. Then it is cut into pieces with a circular saw, and put to dry.

If you took a raw board, then after sawing the bars you need to tie them together along the entire length so that the drying blanks are less deformed. Then the bars will need to be glued together, dried well and then done according to the previous scheme.

In addition, there is the question of the moment, which is constantly discussed: whether to cover the handle with paint or varnish. On the one hand - to increase the service life and in terms of corrosion resistance - yes, it's worth it.

But users note that the additional surface treatment gives a considerable moment of sliding and scrolling in wet palms. And this is the cause of dropsy, calluses, etc.

Professionals, however, advise using impregnation and sanding the surface instead of varnish and paint. First, large fractions, then small ones, in order to polish the cutting in a natural way. Then, gradually absorbing moisture from the palms, properly selected wood will only become stronger and harder over time.

2.1 Making a handle for a shovel using a drill (video)