Research work. What is research work. Research ".". Research work on the topic. Research competition. Research work on local history. Methodology of research work. Educational research project. Research project "Snegurochka". Research creative project.
Educational and research work of students. Research work of the teacher and students. Organization of educational and research work. Research methods and techniques. Competition of creative and research works. Creative research work on the topic. Research work "The Secret of the Name". What is a rainbow (research work).
Research work Topic: "Bears". Research project. Research work "Guinea pigs". How to prepare a presentation of a research paper. "About our names" Research project. Research project “I remember. Research work on the topic: “What is in my name for you.
Research work on the topic: "Palm oil". Research work on the topic "Ornament". Research work on the topic: "Computer slang". Research project. Research work “Where do we come from. Research work on the topic: Why do we play Lego. Research project "My native street".
A detailed plan for creating a research paper.
Tsygvintsev Sergey (grade 1)
Presentations about a favorite book, research on snow, and work on caring for teeth.
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2013 MY FAVORITE BOOK Completed by a student of the 1st grade of the MBOU of the Redkino secondary school Tsygvintsev Sergey
All people in childhood love to read fairy tales. There are also adults who secretly read colorful children's books from their children, but still fairy tales are a favorite pastime of children. Each child has his own favorite book and his favorite fairy tale character. My favorite book is called The Magical World of Fairy Tales. It contains famous Russian folk tales and fairy tales of foreign writers. They teach kindness, justice, courage.
My favorite writer is Charles Perrault I recently read his fairy tale Puss in Boots.
Puss in Boots is one of my favorite fairy tales. I personally, for example, liked such a resourceful and talented cat. Which, moreover, makes its owner rich. I think each of us would like to have such a personal cat. In the meantime, he is gone - it remains only to dream and believe in miracles, which sometimes occur in real life.
Let a fairy tale be a fiction and a lie, But here you will read between the lines, That you will confidently enter life Only through the school threshold. A transparent sunbeam Your path in the world will be laid, And life is based on what, You will understand, waking up at dawn!
Thank you for your attention!
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Project and research work on the topic: "Why brush your teeth?" Completed by: 1st grade student of MBOU Redkinskaya OOSh Sergey Tsygvintsev 2013
The purpose of the work: To understand why you need to brush your teeth and how toothpaste affects tooth enamel. Object of study: oral cavity, toothpaste. Subject of study: the effect of toothpaste "Drakosha" on tooth enamel. Tasks: - To study the structure and composition of the tooth - To learn the types of teeth - Rules for brushing teeth and oral care products. - Conduct a survey and experiment. - Draw conclusions. Research methods: - collect information about toothpastes - conduct an experiment.
Problem Statement One day the day came to an end. I was tired, but my mother insisted that I need to brush my teeth. I thought: Why do you need to brush your teeth? Why is the toothpaste that is sold in the store different and how does the paste affect tooth enamel? I decided to find the answers to these questions myself.
The concept of a tooth A tooth is a bone formation located in the oral cavity of a person, performing the functions of capturing, holding food, its mechanical processing - chewing. 1 week: I decided to read books and articles on the Internet on my topic to understand what teeth are. And here's what I found out:
Composition of the tooth The root of the tooth (3) is located in a special recess in the jaw. The main function of the root is to attach the tooth to the jaw. The neck of the tooth (2) separates the root from the crown. The neck begins where the enamel layer ends. The crown of the tooth (1) normally protrudes above the gingival margin. The crown is covered with enamel, the hardest chewing part of the tooth. In the crown of the tooth is the cavity of the tooth, which passes into the dental canal.
Types of teeth Human teeth are not uniform in shape and function. In front of the oral cavity are incisors - teeth with a cutting edge that perform the function of biting off food. On the sides of the incisors are fangs - cone-shaped teeth designed to tear off pieces of food. Next are the small molars (premolars) and the large molars (molars). These teeth are larger. They have a chewing surface and have more than one root. On the chewing surface of such teeth there are depressions called fissures. These teeth grind and grind food.
Rules for brushing teeth The toothbrush should move down the tooth Do not forget to clean the inside of the tooth Be sure to clean the space between the teeth Gently brush the back (molars) teeth.
Means for caring for teeth Modern means for caring for teeth and oral cavity according to their purpose can be systematized into groups shown in the diagram. Means for mechanical cleaning of teeth include: - toothbrushes; - interdental means: toothpicks, dental floss (floss), tapes, brushes; - toothpastes, powders; - dental elixirs (rinses).
Survey results As a result of the survey, I found out that 90% (18 people out of 20) of my classmates regularly brush their teeth twice a day (morning and evening). The survey showed that the guys in our class use a variety of toothpastes, but they all belong to the type of children's toothpaste. 20% (4 people) of students use Colgate Hare pasta, 10% (2 people) prefer Smeshariki pasta, 15% (3 people) of respondents chose New Pearl and My Sun pasta. The least popular in the class is Aquafresh pasta. It is used by 1 person in the class (2%). Most of my classmates, according to the survey - this is 25% (5 people), use Drakosha toothpaste.
Week 3: Conducting an experiment After studying the theoretical information and conducting a survey in the class, I decided to conduct an experiment and find out in practice how Drakosha toothpaste affects tooth enamel and protects it from harmful acids. For the experiment, I took: 2 chicken eggs 2 containers Acetic acid (9%) Citric acid (9%) Toothpaste "Drakosha" Toothbrush
Experiment 1) We divide the eggs in half with adhesive tape 2) We apply toothpaste on one of the halves of the egg 3) We place one egg in acetic acid and the other in citric acid.
Observations I observed that, under the influence of acids, bubbles appeared on the untreated halves of the shell. As a result, after 5-6 hours, the untreated half of the eggs became soft, and the ones treated with Drakosha toothpaste remained hard. Based on this, I concluded that acids destroy tooth enamel. Toothpaste containing fluoride and calcium strengthens tooth enamel.
Conclusions and conclusions After doing research, I figured out for myself a few rules that must be observed: 1) Teeth should be brushed with a toothbrush and paste every day: in the morning after breakfast and in the evening before bedtime 2) The toothbrush should be thoroughly rinsed. Do not store it in a closed case. The brush needs to be changed periodically. 3) You need to use special children's toothpastes. And choose the one that suits you best. 4) Do not forget to visit the dentist twice a year, even if the teeth do not hurt. 5) Rinse your mouth with water after every meal. If you do not have such an opportunity, use chewing gum, but not for long! If you follow these simple rules for oral care, your smile will always be snow-white and your teeth will be healthy. Despite the fact that I learned a lot about how and why you need to brush your teeth, what kind of pastes, my research does not end there. In the future, I would like to consider the question of why my teeth hurt? What is caries and how to deal with it?
We brush, brush our teeth And live happily. And for those who do not clean them, We sing a song: - Hey, let's not yawn, Don't forget about your teeth, From the bottom up, from the top down Don't be lazy to brush your teeth.
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Design and research work on the topic: "Why is snow white?" 2012 Completed by: 1st grade student of MBOU Redkinskaya secondary school Tsygvintsev Sergey
Fluffy white snow Whirls in the air And quietly falls to the ground, lies down. And in the morning the field turned white with snow, Like a veil All dressed him.
Statement of the problem Winter has come. It became cold outside. One morning I woke up and looked out the window. I saw that everything around: the ground, the trees, the roofs of houses, became white. It was the first snow. I thought: Why is snow always white?
how I did research 1 day Read books on the topic. I decided to check the conjecture that the white color of the snow is associated with the reflection of light.
I learned from books: -each snowflake is a small piece of ice -snowflakes lie differently -snowflakes reflect light in different directions
How I did my experiments. Day 2 Experience 1. I took a glass, a piece of polyethylene, scissors. A whole piece of polyethylene is transparent.
Then I cut it into small pieces and put it in a glass. Each piece is a model of a snowflake. Result: "Snow" in a white glass.
Experience 2. I poured water into a glass and put it in the freezer. After a while, the water froze and turned into transparent ice.
Broke it into small pieces. He became white.
Conclusion. From the experiments I understood: polyethylene and a piece of ice are transparent. Light passes through them without being reflected. Pieces of polyethylene and ice lie differently and reflect light in different directions. Conclusion. Snow is white because each snowflake reflects light in different directions. Light, as scientists say, "scatters." This is how white is produced.
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Completed by: a student of the 3rd grade of the Redkinskaya secondary school Daria Maltseva Project work "Chocolate: benefit or harm"
Purpose of the study: to study the question of the positive and negative effects of chocolate on the human body. Tasks: 1. To get acquainted with the history of chocolate. 2. Collect information about the dangers and benefits of chocolate. 3. Establish the effect of chocolate on human health. 4. Study the composition of chocolate.
The history of chocolate began a very long time ago, more than 500 years ago. Christopher Columbus brought cocoa beans to King Ferdinand from an expedition to the New World.
Chocolate is different, it is made from chocolate mass with the addition of milk. They produce chocolate in the form of bars, bars and other shapes with various fillings: nut, cream, milk and cream.
Benefit. 1. Chocolate gives energy to a person. 2. Rich in sugar and fat. 3. Contains potassium and magnesium. Chocolate is also good for the heart. Doctors have found that cocoa beans contain substances that have a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system. There is a belief that chocolate is bad for teeth. Chocolate is not harmful to teeth because cocoa prevents the destruction of tooth enamel.
1. There are several chemicals that make chocolate addictive, such as caffeine. 2. Sweets can also cause stomach pain, heartburn, and nausea. Harm.
Conclusion. Moderate consumption of chocolate in food has a beneficial effect on a person. Chocolate contains useful substances that positively affect the functioning of the body, but an excess of these substances can harm the body.
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REDKINSKAYA OOSH Research work. "What do our names mean?" Komissarova Tatyana Grade 3 Tavlikhanova Natalya Nikolaevna G. Bor, 2015
Purpose: to understand what the mystery of the name will be, and how it affects the fate of a person. Tasks: - to study the history of my name; - to study the meanings of the names of their classmates; - learn to implement the results.
Riddle - what belongs only to you, but others use it more often? This is a riddle about the name. The name is an integral part of the personality. Touching a name means touching a person. The name of a person carries a lot of information and gives answers to numerous questions. In what profession are the natural inclinations of the future citizen most fully revealed? How will family relationships develop? How will he raise his children?
The name reveals the character of a person, can influence the fate of a person, and the choice of a future profession. Since ancient times, mankind has been reverent about the name. As a rule, it testified to the purpose of the newborn, and, giving a name, counted on the patronage and protection of God.
The source of many names that are still used today is the Bible, in which each name means something to a person. I learned that the names of my classmates mean the following: Angelina - angelic, Tatyana - founder, Valentine - healthy, Maxim - the greatest, David - beloved, Augustine - blessed, Sergey - obedient, Anna - mistress, Anastasia - resurrecting, Mikhail - who is like God, Eugenia - noble, Vladimir - to rule the world, Christina - Christian, Daria - strong, Vasilisa - queen, Kira - mistress a, Nikita is a winner, Alexander is a defender of people.
MYSTERY NAMED TATYANA. What's in my name? My name is Tatyana. Mom and dad named me after the holy calendar, because I was born in January, when Tatyana's birthday is January 25th. The planet Mars. Colors - yellow-green, sky-blue, symbolizing the soul, red. The name Tatyana, Greek in origin, means "organizer". The patroness of all Tatyanas is Tatiana, who lived in the 3rd century AD. Tatyana dedicated her life to teaching Christianity. Executed during the persecution of the faith. In Russia, Tatyana is considered the patroness of students, because on January 25, 1755, a decree was signed on the founding of Moscow University, and the university church was named after the holy martyr Tatiana.
Church of the Great Martyr Tatyana in Moscow.
THE MEANING OF THE NAME TATYANA. Tatyana knows what she wants from the earliest years, does not tolerate objections, has an excellent memory, is charming, loves to receive guests, successfully manifests herself in various fields, but prefers creative professions. In the natural world, blueberries and lynx are her symbols, and the name Tatyana corresponds to the number 3, which indicates talent, the world of art.
I learned that many famous people have the same name: Tatyana Samoilova - actress Tatyana Peltzer - actress Tatyana Tarasova - figure skating coach Tatyana Gorbunova - gymnast Tatyana Navka - figure skater Tatyana Plokhikh - the smallest woman in Russia height-81cm weight 11kg In our school there are 2 teachers named Tatyana.
After conducting all these studies, I learned a lot of interesting things, and now I know everything about my name, I realized that the fate of a person is closely connected with his name. Learned to find interesting information in different sources.
SOURCES. 1) Orthodox church calendar. 2) How to choose a name for your child B. Higer. 3) Internet.
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I was interested in the question: What are the most common dental diseases? How to cure them? I set myself the goal of finding answers to these questions. The purpose of the work: 1) to learn about the most common dental diseases; 2) explore different ways to treat toothache. Object of study: oral cavity, onion peel tincture. Subject of study: treatment of caries with onion peel tincture. Tasks: - To study the concept of toothache. - Learn what dentistry is. - To learn such dental diseases as caries, pulpitis, periodontitis and methods of their treatment. - Conduct a survey and experiment on the treatment of toothache. - Draw conclusions. Research methods: - collect information about dental diseases - conduct an experiment.
Toothache, like any other pain, is a protective function of the body, a kind of signal that not everything is fine with the teeth. 1 week: I decided to read books and articles on the Internet on my topic to understand what a toothache is. And here's what I learned: Dentistry is a medical discipline that studies the organs of the oral cavity, their physiological and pathological conditions, as well as preventing and treating diseases of these organs.
CARIES Dental caries is one of the most common diseases encountered in dental practice. In one form or another, 95% of the population suffers from caries. The main causes of the onset and development of dental caries are: poor oral hygiene (insufficient dental care and irregular brushing) irregular visits to the dentist weak immunity of the body malnutrition (lack of vitamins, an abundance of food containing sugar, lack of raw vegetables and fruits in the diet) low content of calcium, fluorine and phosphorus in drinking water hereditary predisposition of the body to caries. Depending on the stage of the disease, the following types of caries are distinguished: initial dental caries, superficial dental caries, medium dental caries, deep dental caries TREATMENT AND PREVENTION Hygienic toothbrushing Balanced diet Regular visits to the dentist Tartar cleaning
Pulpitis Pulpitis is a dental disease associated with inflammation of the pulp (soft tissues of the tooth, including the dental nerve), which occurs, as a rule, as a result of neglected development of caries. The main causes of pulpitis are microbes and their metabolic products that penetrate to the nerve of the tooth from the carious cavity, various mechanical injuries of the tooth, as a result of which a significant part of the tooth is broken or chipped; exposure to temperature or chemical irritants is often a complication of tooth decay, and may also be the result of incorrect actions by the doctor (poor-quality fillings, exposure to chemicals).
Treatment and prevention of pulpitis TREATMENT AND PREVENTION Early treatment at the dentist Timely treatment of caries Maintain oral hygiene TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
Periodontitis Periodontitis is an inflammation of the periodontium (dense connective tissues that hold the tooth root in its cell). Symptoms of Periodontitis The first sign of periodontitis is bleeding gums when brushing your teeth and persistent bad breath. Unpleasant sensations can occur when eating, especially the reaction of "whining gums" can occur with cold or hot food. According to the symptoms, acute and chronic periodontitis are distinguished. TREATMENT AND PREVENTION Compliance with oral hygiene Timely dental plaque removal Careful attention to your diet
Week 2: Classroom Research
Week 3: Conducting an experiment After studying the theoretical information and conducting a survey in the class, I decided to conduct an experiment and find out in practice how onion peel tincture helps in the treatment of caries. For cooking, we need: Onion peel (3 teaspoons) Water (0.5 liters) Gauze or strainer, for straining the broth A small saucepan
Experiment The sequence of my actions: We take half a liter of water and boil it in a kettle After the water has boiled, we take a saucepan, pour onion feathers into it and pour boiling water over it.
Experiment 3) After that, bring the resulting mixture to a boil. 4) After strain the solution through gauze, and let it brew for eight hours. 5) The drug is ready for use.
Observations For a whole month, 2 times a day (morning and evening), I rinsed my teeth with a decoction of onion peel. After that, I went to see a dentist, and his answer about the state of my oral cavity was very pleasing: on those teeth where there was an initial caries, it disappeared. on those where it was deep, it remained unchanged because, according to the dentist, deep caries cannot be cured without the intervention of a doctor. CONCLUSIONS Having conducted research, I have clarified for myself a few rules that must be observed: It is always better to prevent the occurrence of diseases than to deal with its consequences, this is a common truth. Trite, simple, and as effective as possible - brush your teeth regularly. Chew sugar-free gum. Refrain from eating anything sticky and sweet. Visit your dentist regularly. In my next work, I will consider the topic of implants, because today healthy teeth and a beautiful smile are an essential attribute of a person’s well-being and success in society.
References 1) Volkova Yu., Shapiro E., Lipovskaya I. Prevention of dental diseases. SPb.: LLC "MEDI publishing house", 2008. 2) Drozhzhina V.A., Fedorov Yu.A., Blokhin V.P. The use of dental elixirs based on natural biologically active substances in the treatment and prevention of periodontal diseases // Dentistry. 1996 Spec. Issue 3) Home Medical Encyclopedia. Moscow "Medicine" 1993 4) Makeeva I.M. Dental diseases: caries, non-carious lesions, pulpitis, periodontitis: a textbook for students of dental faculties // Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2007. 5) Ron I.G. Topical issues of dentistry // Collection of scientific papers. [Sat. st.] Ekaterinburg: Publishing House "Circulation", 2011. 6) www.pochemuchka.ru 7) http\www. Wikipedia.org 8) http\www. medicus.ru
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HOW TO PREPARE AND CORRECTLY FORM A research paper for the NPC Prepared by: Seregina T.Yu., deputy. director for water resources management, MBOU "Secondary School No. 1", Mirny, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Mirny 2014
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* Structural elements of the title page; content (table of contents); abstract introduction; main part; conclusion; list of sources used; applications. RESEARCH ARTICLE
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* Title page Is the first page and serves as a source of information necessary for processing and searching for a document.
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Municipal state educational institution "Secondary school No. 1" ... SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "STEP INTO THE FUTURE" Title of the work (type of research work)
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Types of work: Research work Abstract-research work Design-research work
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* Contents (table of contents) Includes an introduction, titles of all sections, subsections, paragraphs and a conclusion indicating the numbers of the initial pages. The wording of the table of contents should exactly repeat the headings of chapters and subchapters, paragraphs in the text, be concise and understandable. Pages should be arranged in the following order: Title page (page 1) Annotation (page 2) Table of contents (page 3) Introduction (justification of the chosen topic) Main body Conclusion (conclusions) List of information resources used Applications (if any)
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The table of contents (work plan) is placed on page No. 3, where all the headings of the work are indicated and the pages from which they begin The plan can be simple or complex The plan must contain paragraphs - introduction, main body, conclusion and bibliographic list Each paragraph of the plan has its own page The sheet with the plan is not numbered, but is considered page No. 3
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Annotation Should contain the most important information about the work: the purpose of the work, methods and techniques (which were used in the work), the data obtained, conclusions. It is printed on one standard page in the order: standard heading, then in the middle the word "SUMMARY", below the text of the annotation. *
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Research work: (design-research, abstract-research) I. Introduction 1. Relevance and research problem 2. Hypothesis. Target. Tasks 3. Object and subject of research. Novelty 4. Research methods and sources of information used II. Main part. Title of work 1. (Stages and course of research ………) . 2. ………………………………………..: a). ……………………. ; b). ……………………..; V). …………………….. . III. Conclusion 1. The results of the study, their significance 2. Conclusions. Perspectives IV. List of Information Resources Used V. Applications
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* Introduction The section should contain a statement of the problem within the framework of the chosen topic and justification for the choice of the problem and topic. The introduction gives a brief description of the topic under study, substantiates its relevance, the author's personal interest in its study, notes the practical significance of studying this issue, where it can be used. It also lists the specific tasks to be solved in accordance with the goal. The volume of the introduction is approximately 1/10 of the total volume of work. The introduction is a crucial part of the work, a kind of its calling card. But it is better to write the full text of the introduction after the completion of work on the main part, when the results of the work will be clearly visible.
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Theme is the definition of the essence. In order to formulate a topic, it is necessary, first of all, to identify the problem, to determine the object and subject of research. A problem is a statement of a question that needs to be solved, to study what has not been studied. Problems (example) usually consist in identifying new or unknown persons, relatives, the facts of their biographies, creating (restoring) the pedigree of one's own or another person, etc.
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The object of research is a process or phenomenon that generates a problem situation and is chosen for study. The subject of research is within the boundaries of the object, is its side, aspect or point of view. The subject of research can be the study of the fate of a real person, a specific pedigree, a genealogical tree of the genus.
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The purpose of the study is its final result, the solution of a scientific problem, which should eventually be reached (noun) The formulation of research objectives is necessary to specify the purpose of the study (verbs) Tasks can be aimed at analysis, generalization, identification, justification, development, evaluation of certain aspects of the general problem, the solution of which leads to the solution of the problem itself
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Written (printed and handwritten: books, magazines, newspapers, memoirs, personal and public documents, etc.), - graphic (photographs, drawings, posters, geographical maps, etc.), - material (household items, handicrafts, family relics, etc.), - oral (conversations, interviews, etc.), - technotronic (audiovisual, videovisual, multimedia or computer), - complex ( objects containing elements of sources of different types). Research sources
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Research methods are the methods, techniques by which research is carried out. They consist in the possibility of applying old knowledge to obtain new knowledge. 1. Accumulation of scientific material: study of literature and sources; familiarization with the history and theory of the issue, achievements in related fields; consultation; observation. 2. Understanding the collected material: comparison; measurement; analysis and synthesis; generalization; analogy; modeling. 3. Verification and clarification of facts: criticism; clarification of the conclusions drawn, adjustment; the discussion of the results; experiment, test in practice.
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* Language clichés used in the introduction: Topic The work (research) is devoted to a topic, a problem, a topical issue… The work (…) is devoted to a description of the problem… The topic of the work (…) is… In the work (…)… it is considered (what?), it is said (about what?), an assessment is given, analysis (of what?), Generalized (what?), A point of view is presented (on what?), etc. And also, for example, such verbs are used: to study… to identify… to establish… etc.
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* Problem The author focuses on... The author puts forward to the forefront... The main efforts of the author are aimed at... In his work, the author raises (affects, illuminates) the following problems... ... dwells on the following problems, etc.
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* The relevance of the topic (problem) to which the work (research) is devoted This topic (problem) is of particular relevance, since ... This topic (problem) is extremely relevant in recent years (at the present stage) ... This topic (problem) attracts the attention of many scientists (critics, teachers, etc.) In modern science, the topic (what?) is especially acute ...
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* Characteristics of the primary sources used by the author of the work (...) The author draws on the following materials for the analysis ... The research material was ... The work (...) is based on research materials ...
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* Main part This section should cover the topic. In the main part, usually divided into chapters, it is necessary to disclose all the points of the drawn up plan, to coherently present the accumulated and analyzed material. The essence of the problem, different points of view on it, the own position of the author of the study are stated. It is important to ensure that the main idea put forward in the introduction permeates the entire work, and all material is aimed at revealing the main tasks. Each section of the main part should open with a specific task and end with brief conclusions.
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* Registration of references and footnotes References and footnotes in the text of the abstract must be properly formatted. When quoting, you should give precise indications (links from where the quotation was taken): surname, initials of the author, place of publication, year of publication, volume number, page.
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* Footnotes can be inline, sublinear and out-of-text. Intratext footnotes are an inseparable part of the main text. For example, "In a famous book ...". Footnotes are placed under the line at the bottom of the page indicating the number of the footnote or some icon. Out-of-text footnotes are placed outside the text of the entire abstract or part of it, in which case they should be numbered through (through the entire work). An abbreviated version of the footnote is allowed, for example: . This means that the quote is taken from page 15 of the source, which is number 7 in the list of sources and references.
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* Conclusion In the conclusion, the results of the entire work are summed up, conclusions are summarized that contain clear answers to the questions posed for the purpose of the study, own generalizations are made (sometimes taking into account different points of view on the problem presented), new things that have been obtained as a result of work on this topic are noted. The conclusion should not exceed the length of the introduction. Typical mistakes should be avoided: passion for secondary material, avoidance of the problem, categorical and variegated presentation, poor or too scientific language, inaccurate quoting, lack of references to the source.
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* Linguistic clichés used in the conclusion: The author comes to a conclusion, a conclusion that ... In conclusion, we can say ... Summarizing what has been said, we can conclude that ... Analysis of the literature allowed us to identify the most reasonable point of view (which one?) From all that has been said, it follows that the opinion (whose?) is the most evidence-based. Based on these data, we adopt a point of view (what?), etc.
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* List of information resources The list of used information resources is completed. It records only those sources with which the author of the work (research, project, abstract) worked. The list is compiled in alphabetical order by the names of authors or titles of books. If there are several works by the same author, their titles are arranged according to the year of publication. If separate pages from the book were involved, they are indicated. Foreign sources (published in a foreign language) are listed at the end of the entire list.
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* The list of literature used to write the work (...) is compiled according to the following rule: Serial number of the literary source. Surname, initials of the author. The full title of the book (without quotes, except if the title is a quote). Type of publication (Text, art production, electronic edition, etc.). Place (city) of publication. Publisher. The year of publication is a number without the letter "y". The number of pages (or other information about the volume of the publication, corresponding to its type).
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* An article from the collection is written as follows: - Serial number of the source. Surname, initials of the author. Title of the article [Type of publication] // Title of the collection: Subtitle / Editor. Compiled. Place (city) of publication. The year of publishing. Article from a magazine or newspaper: Serial number of the source. Surname, initials of the author. Title of the article [Type of publication] // Name of the journal. Year of issue. Issue number. Article pages.
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* For example: Books: Vorontsov, G.A. Fundamentals of library science and work with the book [Text]: Uchebn. guide for teachers and students cf. specialist. uch. establishments. -M.: Higher school, 1977. 83 p. Lvov, Yu.A. Fundamentals of economics and business organization [Text]. St. Petersburg: GMP "Formika", 1992. 383 p. Organization and methodology of business meetings: Textbook. [Text]. Kyiv: MAUP, 1995. From the encyclopedia: Gvozdetsky, N.A. Elbrus [Text] // TSB 3rd ed. --M:. 1978. V.30. P.151.
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* Journal: Alexandrova, Z. Legal regulation of the labor of civil servants [Text] // Russian language and literature in secondary educational institutions of the Ukrainian SSR. 1989. No. 1. P. 16 - 19. Semenov, Yu. Intransigence: A novel-chronicle [Text] / / Change 1987. No. 20. pp.25–32; No. 21. P.24 - 32; No. 22. pp. 24–31; No. 23. pp.24–31; No. 24. pp.24–32.
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* For example: Web document: Smolnikova I.A. Working abstract for introducing information technologies at school. Center "Informatics". [Electronic resource] http://www.informika.ru/text/school/its.html 2. Teleconference: Rozina I.N. [email protected] Questions for teachers providing distance learning using computer telecommunications in Russia and the USA. January 7, 1999. - [email protected] GROUP emissia.offline, ART 629 (18 atdhfkz 1999). 3. Electronic resource on CD: Art Encyclopedia of Foreign Classical Art [Electronic resource]. - Electron. text, graphic, sound Dan. and applied prog. (546 MB). Moscow: Bolshaya Ros. encycle. [et al.], 1996. 1 electron. opt. disk (CD-ROM): sound, color, 12 cm + hands. user (1l.) + postcard (1l.).
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* Applications Applications to the abstract allow you to increase the level of work, more fully reveal the topic. Applications may include: copies of documents (with the indication "photocopied from ..." or "redrawn from ..."), graphics, tables, photographs, charts, diagrams, etc. Applications are located at the end of the abstract. The application must have a title or an explanatory caption and the type of attached information - diagram, list, table, etc. The source is also reported, from where the materials that served as the basis for compiling the appendix were taken (the literary source must be included in the list of references). Each appendix begins on a new sheet, numbered so that it can be referred to in the text using parentheses, for example: (Appendix 5). The pages on which the appendices are given continue the general numbering of the text, but are not included in the total volume of the abstract.
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* Design of illustrations Illustrations include graphs, diagrams, diagrams, drawings, photographs, etc. Each type of illustration must have a name consisting of the following parts placed under the illustration: 1. Conventional abbreviated name "Fig.". 2. The serial number within the work, indicated by Arabic numerals without the sign No. 3. The name of the illustration, reflecting its main content. For example, Fig.3. Scheme of the management structure of Berkut OJSC. If necessary, illustrations are provided with explanatory data (figure text). If only one illustration is given, then it is not numbered and the word "Fig." do not write. Usually illustrations are placed after their first mention in the text.
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* Requirements for the design of the work Pages of the text and applications of the abstract must comply with the A4 format (210x297). The volume of work should not exceed 20 - 25 pages of printed text (without attachments). If there are applications, the volume of the abstract can be extended to 30 - 35 pages. For text written on a computer - font size 12, Times New Roman, normal; line spacing -2; margins: left - 30 mm, right - 10 mm, top - 20 mm, bottom - 20 mm. Text is printed on one side of the page; footnotes and notes are printed on the same page they refer to (with 1 spacing, in a smaller font than the text).
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The texts of the works should be verified in terms of lexical and stylistic literacy. It is necessary to check the historical dates and facts mentioned in the text in reference books and encyclopedias; surnames, names and patronymics, dates of life of individuals; use complex scientific words and expressions correctly. When using special terms and concepts, it is not necessary to provide a dictionary at the end of the work, but professional vocabulary should be used only if the author fully understands it. Work applications must be annotated. (captions for photographs, diagrams, maps, memoirs, interviews, reproductions, illustrations, etc.) Text requirements
The recommendations below can be used in preparing for a presentation at a scientific conference, presenting the results of a research project, defending a course and final qualifying work, master's thesis.
Report preparation
Report is a summary of the essence of the study, the results obtained, their theoretical and practical significance. His preparation includes:
- Plan development.
- Writing the text of the report.
- Performance rehearsal.
Structurally, the report is usually divided into three parts: introduction, main part, conclusion (Fig. 5.4).
Rice. 5.4.
Together, these parts should form a single whole, and each part should be a logical continuation of the previous one. The principle of constructing the report is as follows: first, general information about the study is given, then the course and content of the study are outlined, and in the conclusion, the results are summarized. Recommendations for the content of parts of the report are given in Table 5.9.
| Report section | Content |
|---|---|
| Introduction | The main purpose of the introduction of the report is to inform about the content of the study and to arouse interest in the work done. It briefly repeats the introduction research work: the relevance of the topic is substantiated, the problem that needs to be resolved is established, the degree of study and scientific elaboration of the topic is assessed, the object, subject and purpose of the study are determined, a set of tasks that needed to be solved in order for the goal to be achieved. The presentation of the methodological base of the study is carried out, the main provisions submitted for defense are characterized. The introduction should be short and comprehensively informative. |
| Main part | The second part of the report is the largest in terms of volume. In it, in the sequence established by the logic of the study, the essence of the work performed is stated: the formulation and solution of problems, the rationale for the choice of research methods, the argumentation of the results obtained. In this part, it is necessary to emphasize one's own contribution to the study, to determine the novelty of the results obtained. To organize the material in this section, you can use the pyramid principle, which was discussed in "Guidelines for writing research papers". |
| Conclusion | The final part is similar in construction to the conclusion research work. It provides general conclusions, main recommendations, characterizes the novelty of the results obtained, establishes the connection between the results obtained and practice, determines the prospects for further development of the topic and the results obtained. |
Each report has its own specifics, reflecting the characteristics of the study. However, the structure of the report is of a general nature. Below is a sample outline of the report.
- Justification of the relevance of the topic.
- Established problem (generalized statement).
- Review and analysis of known solutions to the problem, their shortcomings.
- Object and subject of research.
- Purpose, hypothesis and objectives of the study, limitations and assumptions.
- Theoretical base, methods and tools of research (with substantiation).
- Basic provisions for defense.
- The proposed solution to the research problems with justification.
- Analysis of the achieved results. Novelty (scientific novelty for a master's thesis), the practical significance of the results obtained.
- General conclusion and conclusions.
To prepare for the presentation, it is recommended that the report be submitted in writing. The content of the report must be agreed with the supervisor.
The report should be rehearsed in front of colleagues, friends, relatives. During the rehearsal, it is recommended to time the performance in order not to go beyond the set time of the report, to mark landmarks in the report so that you can follow the time during the performance. The time allotted for the report depends on the type research work(see table 5.10).
| Report section | Course work | Bachelor's final qualifying work | Master's dissertation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Introduction | 2 minutes | 2 minutes | 3 minutes |
| Main part | 7 minutes | 11 minutes | 15 minutes |
| Conclusion | 1 minute | 2 minutes | 2 minutes |
| Total time | 10 minutes | No more than 15 minutes | No more than 20 minutes |
During the speech, the text of the report should not be used, so all key issues should be reflected in the presentation, which helps in the speech process. Features of preparing a presentation are discussed in the next section.
Presentation preparation
The presentation is an effective way of presenting the essence and results of the research. Her goal is to protect the results research work- inform about the content of the study and convince of the reliability and validity of the results obtained, the proposed recommendations. The presentation style is formal.
Preparing a presentation includes the following steps:
- Reflection on structure and content.
- Plan development.
- Writing the text of the presentation.
- Preparing presentation slides.
- Performance rehearsal.
The presentation should clearly and weightily convey to the audience the central idea of the study and the results. The basis for the preparation of the presentation is the report. The structure of the presentation is similar to the structure and plan of the report. Recommendations on the content and structure of the presentation are given in Table 5.11.
| presentation slide | Content |
|---|---|
| slide 1. |
Title page:
|
| slide 2 | Relevance of the topic, including the identified problem. Object and subject of research |
| slide 3 | Purpose, hypothesis and objectives of the study, limitations and assumptions |
| slide 4 | Theoretical base, methods and tools of research |
| slide 5 | Basic provisions submitted for defense (for bachelor's and master's theses) |
| Slide 6-8 | The content of the study: the proposed solution to the research problems with justification |
| Slide 9 | Analysis of the achieved results. The novelty of the results obtained (scientific novelty for a master's thesis). Practical significance of the obtained results |
| Slide 10 | General conclusion and conclusions. Prospects for the development of the topic and the results obtained |
The presentation should be visual. The material is recommended to be presented in a structural, graphical and schematic form. Long sentences should be avoided in the text.
- Slides should be simple, not overloaded with text and redundant data.
- It is advisable to use a template with a light background that does not distract attention from the content of the slide.
- The text should be easy to read, the recommended font size is at least 20pt, the color should be blue or black. The text should be written in simple, short sentences, reflect the main provisions of the report, essential information. It is recommended to use generally accepted terminology, to explain highly specialized concepts.
- Do not use sound effects and a large amount of animation in the presentation.
- Figures, graphs, tables should have a title.
- The content of the slides should match the presentation.
General requirements for the design of the abstract Volume of the abstract - from 10 to 15 pages Font size - mm Line spacing - 1.5 - 2 Margins: left - 30 mm, right - 10 mm, top and bottom - 20 mm
General requirements for the design of the abstract Each new section begins on a new page. The distance between the section title and the following text should be equal to three intervals. The heading is located in the center of the line, do not put a dot at the end of the heading.
Title page Top field - the full name of the educational institution Middle field - the name of the topic without the words "topic", below in the center of the heading - the name of the section in quotation marks Right field - the student's full name, class, below - the full name, position of the head
Municipal educational institution "Secondary school 94" 13 NPK "School, science, intelligence" Reflection of the theme of love and hate in the songs of Eminem (SECTION "Foreign Philology") Completed by: Subchev Nikolay Vyacheslavovich, student of 11 "A" class Leader: Tsaruk Alla Petrovna, teacher of a foreign language Kemerovo 2010
Contents Introduction 3 1. Historical features… Conclusion 18 References 21 Applications 22
Purpose: presentation, justification, consideration ... of the problem Tasks: Consider the issue (the content of the theory) ... Compare different points of view on ... Describe (illuminate) the state of the problem ... Present the results of scientific research ... Justify (prove) the point of view (idea, theory, concept) ... Summarize ... Present the points of view of different scientists on ...
Quotations and references Ancient wisdom says: "Tell me - and I will forget, show me - and I will remember, let me act on my own - and I will learn" According to A. Einstein, space and time are relative, they depend on the speed of the frame of reference
Conclusion Clear, concise, arising from the main part The work is summarized, conclusions are formulated (it is possible according to the sections of the main part) Attention to the implementation of the goals and objectives set in the introduction Indicates the prospects for further development of this topic, recommendations The personal significance of the work done
Bibliographic description of documents Entry under the name of the author 1. Gubarev, VK Secrets of geographical names [Text]: reference book / VK Gubarev. - M .: Nauka, - 399 p., ill. 2. Gubarev, V. K. Secrets of geographical names [Text]: book of an erudite / V. K. Gubarev, E. M. Zhdanov. - M .: Nauka, - 399 p., ill.
Bibliographic description of documents Entry under the title 1. Famous Russian artists [Text]: biographical dictionary / comp. E. F. Makarova. - St. Petersburg: ABC, - 400s. 2. Encyclopedia for children.V.4. Geology [Text] / chapter. ed. M. D. Aksenov. – M.: Avanta+, – 688 p.
Bibliographic description of documents Recording of an article from a periodical, book 1. Anisimov, N.V. Peter I and his time [Text] / N.V. Anisimov // Questions of history. – – 2. – P.63 – Egyptian culture [Text] // History of world culture: schoolchildren's reference book / ed. T. N. Kovshova. – M.: Slovo, – S
Bibliographic description of documents Electronic resource Art Encyclopedia of Foreign Classical Art [Electronic resource]. – M. : Bolshaya Ros. encyclopedia, - 1 electron. opt. disc (CD-ROM).– (Interactive world). Internet resource
Criteria for evaluating the work Relevance and originality of the choice of topic, practical significance Volume and completeness of the disclosure of the topic, independence of judgments Structure, quality of design, style of presentation Completeness of the literature used, citation, argumentation Defense
